Soil & Tillage Research最新文献

{"title":"The problem of too many infiltration models: Balancing infiltration model selection and physical meaning of soil hydraulic parameters","authors":"Christelle Basset,&nbsp;Majdi Abou Najm","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106622","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106622","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The crucial impact of infiltration process on many related physical and biogeochemical processes has motivated researchers to develop numerous models for assessing infiltration over the past two centuries. This posed a real challenge for researchers to decide which model to utilize when analyzing experimental infiltration data and created numerous theoretical paths for extracting soil hydraulic properties, such as saturated hydraulic conductivity <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> (LT⁻¹) and sorptivity <span><math><mi>S</mi></math></span> (LT^−0.5). Here, an uncertainty meta-analysis was carried out using a global infiltration database of 5023 cumulative infiltration curves. This analysis focused on assessing the variability of the estimated infiltration characteristics, <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> and <span><math><mi>S</mi></math></span> from eleven one-dimensional (1D) infiltration models and different extraction techniques. Results revealed notable variations in <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> and <span><math><mi>S</mi></math></span> derived from various models under varying extraction techniques leading to differences spanning one or two orders of magnitude in many cases for the same experimental dataset. The observed changes in <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> and <span><math><mi>S</mi></math></span> indicate that the characteristics related to the models and extraction methods have a significant impact on the estimation of soil hydraulic parameters. These insights are crucial for practical applications in fields such as agriculture and hydrology. They also highlight the need to standardize a more physically grounded approach that could use a consistent reference (such as the steady-state slope of cumulative infiltration curve for <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) in parameter optimization to improve the reliability in estimating <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> and <span><math><mi>S</mi></math></span> parameters. This is especially important for large-scale studies and meta-analysis of those parameters especially when involving data from different studies, leading to potentially large uncertainties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 106622"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-utilization of green manure with straw return enhances the stability of soil organic carbon by regulating iron-mediated stabilization of aggregate-associated organic carbon in paddy soil","authors":"Muhammad Mehran ,&nbsp;Li Huang ,&nbsp;Mingjian Geng ,&nbsp;Yafen Gan ,&nbsp;Jinyun Cheng ,&nbsp;Qiang Zhu ,&nbsp;Iftikhar Ali Ahmad ,&nbsp;Sharjeel Haider ,&nbsp;Adnan Mustafa","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite increasing interest in sustainable soil management, the mechanisms by which long-term green manure and straw return impact Fe-organic associations and soil organic carbon (SOC) stabilization in paddy soils are unclear. This study examines their effects on SOC stability, aggregate fractionation, Fe oxides, aggregate stability, and SOC composition in macro- and micro-aggregates. A well-established 8 year field experiment with four treatments, i.e., Chinese milk vetch without straw incorporation and fertilizer (CK), winter fallow without straw incorporation and with NPK (WF+NSR+NPK), winter fallow with straw incorporation and NPK (WF+SR+NPK), and Chinese milk vetch with straw incorporation and with NPK (MV+SR+NPK), were selected. The results demonstrated that the MV+SR+NPK treatment significantly (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) increased SOC storage in macroaggregates by 18.2 % compared to CK, while reducing SOC in microaggregates and non-aggregated fractions by 1.14 % and 21.54 %, respectively. Additionally, this treatment enhanced soil aggregation, as evidenced by a 26.33 % increase in mean weight diameter (MWD) and a 54.62 % increase in geometric mean diameter (GMD), alongside a 21.5 % rise in macroaggregate formation. Further, SOC stability was reinforced by a 16.8 % increase in aromatic-C content and a 19.4 % rise in the aromatic-C/aliphatic-C ratio depicting enhanced chemical stability and resistance to degradation. Amorphous (Feo) and complex Fe oxides (Fep) in macroaggregates were 13.5 % and 17.9 % higher than in CK. In comparison, the WF+SR+NPK treatment improved MWD by 25.94 %, GMD by 31.93 %, and SOC in macroaggregates by 1.69 %, with significant increases in Feo and Fep contents by 39.92 % and 102.08 %, respectively. Furthermore, the aromatic-C/aliphatic-C ratio increased by 33.9 %, indicating enhanced SOC stability. Conversely, the WF+NSR+NPK treatment decreased MWD by 12.97 %, with only a slight increase in SOC and Fed in finer aggregates by 0.80 % and 3.12 %, respectively. These results demonstrate that the co-utilization of green manure and straw return, in combination with NPK fertilization, significantly (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) enhances SOC stabilization and aggregate stability by promoting Fe-organic associations, thereby contributing to long-term carbon sequestration in paddy soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 106624"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of overall slope on soil surface roughness estimation","authors":"Wenting Nie ,&nbsp;Zhihua Zhang ,&nbsp;Li Li ,&nbsp;Shulan Tan ,&nbsp;YuHui Guo ,&nbsp;Gigen Liu ,&nbsp;Jinquan Huang ,&nbsp;Jianming Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoxia Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106618","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106618","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil surface roughness (<em>SSR</em>) is essential for understanding and modeling soil erosion processes, while whether the overall slope of the investigated terrain surface must be corrected before <em>SSR</em> estimation is still unknown. This study aims to investigate the effects of overall slope on <em>SSR</em> and associated temporal change estimates by using the high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) from the rainfall simulation experiments of Nearing et al. (2017) wherein medium-term rainfalls (ca. 10–20 years) were simulated on a 2 m by 6.1 m stony plot under three slope treatments (5 %, 12 %, and 20 %). Square moving windows with different sizes (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>W</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) covering the topographic DEMs were used to estimate <em>SSR</em> for each slope treatment before and after each rainfall simulation under the slope-detrending (DT) and no-detrending (NDT) scenarios. Results showed that: (1) The estimated <em>SSR</em> linearly increased with <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>W</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> under the NDT scenario while it increased rapidly for small <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>W</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> and tended toward asymptotes for large <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>W</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> under the DT scenario. (2) With increasing window size, the standard deviations of <em>SSR</em> increased under the NDT scenario but decreased under the DT scenario. (3) Without correcting the overall slope effects, <em>SSR</em> was overestimated while the temporal change of <em>SSR</em> was significantly underestimated reaching up to −175 % as compared to the DT scenario, and the underestimation was positively correlated with slope gradient, the true <em>SSR</em> temporal change, and window size. We mathematically illustrated that the estimated <em>SSR</em> under the NDT scenario in fact consisted of oriented roughness that was resultant from the systematic elevation variation rather than soil surface random roughness alone, and the overall slope effects must be corrected before <em>SSR</em> estimation for effectively tracking <em>SSR</em> temporal changes. The results provide guidance about the level of accuracy one might expect in evaluating <em>SSR</em> and associated temporal changes at hillslopes with different overall slopes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 106618"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Manure application affects microbial metabolic quotient through DOM recalcitrance and microbial strategy shifts in a Mollisol","authors":"Yafeng Han ,&nbsp;Xin Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhaoyong Shi ,&nbsp;Mingde Hao ,&nbsp;Xiaorong Wei ,&nbsp;Lirong Sun ,&nbsp;Youwen He ,&nbsp;Xugang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microbial metabolic quotient (<em>q</em>CO₂) is an essential predictor for the dynamic of carbon storage in global soil. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) acts as a primary OC source for microbial respiration, and microbial life strategy acts as an important factor in controlling organic carbon utilization, but numerous uncertainties persist regarding their association with <em>q</em>CO₂ under long-term manure application. To fill this knowledge gap in current understanding, this study measured the <em>q</em>CO₂ in a Mollisol after a long-term (40 years) fertilisation, and assessed its correlation with the DOM chemodiversity and microbial life strategy (A- and Y-strategies). Results suggested that long-term manure amendments, in comparison to the application of mineral fertilisers and no fertilisers, notably decreased the <em>q</em>CO₂, but enhanced the recalcitrance of DOM which was demonstrated by increased humification (HIX and the relative proportion of humic-like components) and aromaticity (SUVA₂₅₄). Microbial life strategy analysis showed the mineral and manure amendments promoted the increase in the relative percentage of Y-strategies, while decreased that of A- strategies. The correlation and Random Forest analysis suggested that the recalcitrant DOM components and Y-strategies might be directly implicated in the <em>q</em>CO₂. Redundancy analysis evidenced that soil pH was the most important regulator for change in microbial strategy and DOM chemodiversity. Partial least squares path modeling revealed that long-term manuring directly reduced the soil pH, and then increased the proportion of Y-strategies and DOM recalcitrance, ultimately resulting in the decreased <em>q</em>CO₂. These findings elucidate the mechanism and novel insights regarding microbial metabolic quotient under long-term manure fertilisation, which are critical for more accurately forecasting microbial carbon utilization efficiency and proposing effective management strategies for carbon sequestration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 106616"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A method on airborne remote sensing tillage direction mapping based on improved probabilistic Hough transform","authors":"Xinle Zhang ,&nbsp;Baicheng Du ,&nbsp;Xiangtian Meng ,&nbsp;Yihan Ma ,&nbsp;Xinyi Han ,&nbsp;Huanjun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106621","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106621","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The tillage direction is a key aspect of crop planting layout in agricultural croplands. Identifying tillage direction aids agricultural production management by increasing crop yields, simplifying machine operation, and preventing soil erosion. Most current studies utilize unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery to extract positional information of planting rows in individual croplands. However, these studies have limited extraction areas and cannot obtain specific tillage direction information for each cropland on a large regional scale. Our study utilized 0.2 m resolution remote sensing images and vector data from the Hongxinglong reclamation area, acquired during the 2023 aerial experiment. We improved the probabilistic Hough transform to enable dynamic parameter adjustment for detecting straight lines and calculating their quantities. Used it as an algorithm to develop a tillage direction mapping model and complete the mapping of 1108 croplands in the reclamation area. The study results indicate that: (1) The model accurately generates maps of cropland tillage directions at a large regional scale. Under optimal parameters, the model achieves a mapping accuracy of 0.845 and a Kappa coefficient of 0.806. (2) Compared to the mapping results prior to algorithm improvement, the improved probabilistic Hough transform algorithm increases mapping accuracy by 0.136 and the Kappa coefficient by 0.156, confirming the effectiveness of the improvements. (3) The generalization capability experiment demonstrates that the model exhibits strong generalization under various remote sensing data, tillage types, climate zone crop types, cropland sizes and different seasons. Overall, this study addresses gaps in current research methodologies for tillage direction maps at large regional scales and offers valuable insights for related fields. The results of the tillage direction map benefit agricultural production management and research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 106621"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of root traits on shear performance of root-soil complex and soil reinforcement in the Loess Plateau","authors":"Yuying Cao ,&nbsp;Xuemeng Su ,&nbsp;Zhengchao Zhou ,&nbsp;Jun`e Liu ,&nbsp;Mingyu Chen ,&nbsp;Ning Wang ,&nbsp;Bingbing Zhu ,&nbsp;Peipei Wang ,&nbsp;Fang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil erosion can be effectively controlled through vegetation restoration. Specifically, roots combine with soil to form a root-soil complex, which can effectively enhance soil shear strength and play a crucial role in soil reinforcement. However, the relationship between root mechanical traits and chemical compositions and shear performance and reinforcing capacity of soil is still inadequate. In this study, we determined the root chemical properties, performed root tensile tests and root-soil composite triaxial tests using two plants—one with a fibrous root system (ryegrass, <em>Lolium perenne</em> L.) and the other with a tap root system (alfalfa, <em>Medicago sativa</em> L.)—and calculated the factor of safety (<em>FOS</em>). The results revealed that the relationship between root diameter and tensile strength differed among different root characters. Holocellulose content and cellulose content were the main factors controlling the root tensile strength of ryegrass and alfalfa, respectively. The shear properties of the root-soil complex (cohesion (<em>c</em>) and internal friction angle (<em>φ</em>)) are correlated with soil water content (<em>SWC</em>) and root mass density (<em>RMD</em>). Root traits had a more substantial effect on <em>c</em> than <em>φ</em>, with significant differences in <em>c</em> between ryegrass and alfalfa at 7 % and 11 % <em>SWC</em>. The root-soil complex had an optimum <em>RMD</em>, and the maximum increase rates of <em>c</em> were 80.57 % and 34.4 %, respectively. Along slopes, sliding first occurs at the foot of the slope, thus demanding emphasis on protection and reinforcement. On steep gradients with low <em>SWC</em>, ryegrass strongly contributes to soil reinforcement, whereas alfalfa is more effective on gentle gradients with high <em>SWC</em>. The results provide scientific references for species selection for vegetation restoration in the Loess Plateau and a deeper understanding of the mechanical mechanism of soil reinforcement by roots.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 106625"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impacts of tillage frequency on soil micro-food web compositions and energetic structure in an agroecosystem","authors":"Yao Yu ,&nbsp;Xionghui Liao ,&nbsp;Xianwen Long ,&nbsp;Jiangnan Li ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang ,&nbsp;Yingying Ye ,&nbsp;Kelin Wang ,&nbsp;Jie Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil microbes and nematodes are key components of soil micro-food webs, driving energy fluxes across trophic levels. While tillage is known to reduce microbial biomass and alter nematode communities, its impacts on energy fluxes under different tillage frequencies remain unclear, particularly in fragile karst ecosystems. To disentangle direct physical disturbances from resource-driven influences, we investigated the effects of tillage frequency on soil micro-food web composition and energetic structures. Eight treatments were set up, including original vegetation with no tillage (T0 + V), actual-maize planting with no tillage (T0 + M) and tilled every 4 months (T2 + M), and pseudo-maize planting with artificial plants simulating maize (T0) and tilled every 6, 4, 2, and 1 month(s) (T1, T2, T3, T4, respectively). Tillage after vegetation removal significantly reduced microbial biomass and nematode abundance. Energy flow uniformity was higher under low tillage frequencies (T1, T2) than under high frequencies (T3, T4). This indicates that increased tillage disrupts soil micro-food web stability. Actual-maize planting further enhanced energy flow uniformity compared to pseudo-maize planting. Additionally, tillage weakened the fungal energy channel, as shown by a decreased fungal-to-bacterial biomass ratio and reduced abundance of the fungivorous nematode family <em>Aphelenchoididae</em>, indicating its sensitivity to disturbance. These findings highlight that land use change from natural vegetation to cropland, combined with even low-frequency tillage, can disrupt soil biological properties in karst ecosystems. Reducing tillage frequency could help maintain soil community stability and promote sustainable agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 106613"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143881958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The accumulation of mineral nitrogen in soil during drying events is affected by soil management","authors":"Eduardo Vázquez ,&nbsp;Nikola Teutscherová ,&nbsp;Javier Almorox ,&nbsp;Joaquín Cámara ,&nbsp;Kristin D. Kasschau ,&nbsp;Marta Benito","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106623","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil drying events play a critical role in shaping nitrogen (N) cycling in drylands by influencing N availability and the risk of N losses. This study examines how different soil management practices (no-tillage (NT) and traditional tillage (TT), with and without liming)affect N mineralization and the accumulation of inorganic N during drying periods in a hot-summer Mediterranean climate. Using soils from a long-term field experiment in southwestern Spain, we evaluated changes in inorganic N, enzymatic activities, and the abundance of genes related to N cycling during a summer fallow under field conditions, and in a complementary laboratory incubation under controlled temperature conditions. Field results showed a significant accumulation of inorganic N (from 6.47 to 11.43 mg N kg⁻¹) during drying, with a synergistic effect of NT and liming. Enzymatic activities (β-glucosaminidase, leucine aminopeptidase, proteases) and gene abundances (chiA, pepA, apr) declined with drying but remained higher under NT than TT. The laboratory study confirmed that management-induced differences in N cycling were mainly due to changes in soil biogeochemical properties (organic matter, pH), rather than changes in microclimatic conditions (soil temperature and moisture). While NT and liming enhanced N mineralization and microbial resilience, they also promoted inorganic N accumulation, increasing the potential for N losses (e.g., via N₂O emissions) upon rewetting. These results highlight the importance of integrating adaptive practices, such as summer cover cropping, into conservation agriculture to reduce N losses and improve nutrient use efficiency under increasingly frequent drought conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 106623"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Title: Flue gas desulfurization gypsum amelioration affects the salinealkali soil microbial community on the temporal scale","authors":"Bangyan Liu ,&nbsp;Shujuan Wang ,&nbsp;Jia Liu ,&nbsp;Yan Li ,&nbsp;Lizhen Xu ,&nbsp;Zhentao Sun ,&nbsp;Enbo Mo ,&nbsp;Yonggan Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106607","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106607","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although the physicochemical processes of saline<img>alkali soil amelioration via flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum have been well substantiated, the underlying mechanisms of soil microbial community succession and feedback on the temporal scale of amelioration remain unclear. To elucidate this mechanism, we investigated the microbial community response to the physicochemical properties change with saline<img>alkali soil ameliorated by FGD gypsum for 1 year, 3 years, and 10 years (the corresponding bare saline<img>alkali soil was used as the control). With increasing years of FGD gypsum amelioration in saline<img>alkali soil, the proportion of homogeneous selection (determinism process) in bacterial and fungal communities significantly increased from 37.5 % to 50.3 % and from 10.0 % to 31.8 %, respectively, but the proportion of dispersal limitation (stochastic process) significantly decreased. Thus, the microbial species composition and community structure were significantly changed, thus increasing microbial community β-diversity and ecological co-occurrence network complexity with increasing years of amelioration, as did the predict functions of prokaryotes in the dark oxidation of sulfide and sulfur compounds. Furthermore, the random forest and structure equation modules indicated that the changes in bacterial and fungal community assembly processes, structures, and co-occurrence networks were dominated by soil organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen, exchangeable sodium percentage, SO₄^2-, HCO₃^-, and pH. Our findings suggest that the soil microbial community succession process and complexity increase with increasing years of FGD gypsum reclamation by mediating the salinity and soil available carbon and nitrogen content in saline<img>alkali paddy soils on the temporal scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 106607"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil salt crusts greatly reduce wind erosion and PM10 emission on sandy loam","authors":"Qingzhu Liu ,&nbsp;Ruoxuan Shi ,&nbsp;Brenton Sharratt ,&nbsp;Muhammad Tauseef Jaffar ,&nbsp;Xiong Li ,&nbsp;Jianguo Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wind erosion leads to significant loss of soil and soil organic carbon in arid and semi-arid desert ecosystems, posing a serious threat to sustainable agriculture and ecological security. Soil salt crusts (SSCs),<span><span>¹</span></span> widely distributed on soil surfaces in these regions, have a notable impact on surface processes, including the initiation, release, and transport of soil particles. However, there is limited understanding of the role of SSCs in reducing wind erosion and PM10 emission, as well as the surface changes of crust-covered soils during wind erosion. In this study, we used wind tunnels to evaluate the influence of artificial SSCs on wind erosion rate (WER),<span><span>²</span></span> surface characteristics, and PM10 emission during wind erosion processes. The results showed that as the salt concentration of irrigation water increased, the hardness and shear resistance of SSCs also increased, the structure became denser, but the thickness decreased. The effectiveness of SSCs in reducing WER and inhibiting PM10 emission also improved with the increasing salt concentrations. Additionally, SSCs delayed and reduced the geomorphological changes in the soil surface during wind erosion. We conclude that irrigation water salinity affects SSC formation, altering the structure and strength of the soil surface. Once SSCs are destroyed, WER and PM10 emissions may increase significantly. Thus, in addition to supporting plant growth, saline water irrigation in arid and semi-arid regions can form soil salt crusts (SSCs) that serve as an effective measure against wind erosion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 106619"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}