Soil & Tillage Research最新文献

{"title":"Meta-analysis of the effects of different tillage methods on wheat yields under various conditions in China","authors":"Donghua Liu ,&nbsp;Bingxin Tian ,&nbsp;Mengqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Lina Jiang ,&nbsp;Chunxi Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoliang Qin ,&nbsp;Jianhui Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106449","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106449","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tillage is a useful practice for increasing crop yield, however, its effectiveness is readily influenced by different agro-ecological conditions and cultivation measures. The effects of different tillage methods on wheat yield remain unclear. Therefore, we identified 197 studies and conducted a meta-analysis to determine the effects of three representative tillage methods (no-tillage, subsoiling, and deep ploughing) on wheat yield and soil physicochemical properties according to variations in the mean annual precipitation and temperature, soil texture, soil pH, years of continuous tillage, basic soil fertility, and fertilization level. The average yield increased by 3.5 % under deep ploughing because of the marked decrease in soil bulk density under different production conditions, whereas soil organic carbon and total nitrogen increased significantly, with an average yield increase of 7.0 % under subsoiling tillage. No-tillage overcame the adverse effects of increased soil bulk density on yield by promoting soil carbon and nitrogen accumulation, and had no marked effects on wheat grain yield. The yields increased significantly by 4.5 % after no-tillage for more than seven years. In contrast, deep ploughing tillage initially increased yields, but yields decreased with the number of years under continuous tillage. Overall, subsoiling was the most effective method increasing wheat grain yield and soil physicochemical properties. No-tillage was an effective method under conditions of mean annual precipitation &lt; 400 mm; mean annual temperature &lt; 12°C; loam, neutral or alkaline soil; and medium fertility farmland. Deep ploughing was the most effective in farmlands with low fertilizer levels. The results provide a scientific basis for help agricultural producers to formulate suitable farming practices for appropriate management of production factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 106449"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing straw return to enhance grain production and approach carbon neutrality in the intensive cropping systems","authors":"Liang Wang ,&nbsp;Enli Wang ,&nbsp;Guoqing Chen ,&nbsp;Xin Qian ,&nbsp;Qing Liu ,&nbsp;Yingbo Gao ,&nbsp;Hui Zhang ,&nbsp;Kaichang Liu ,&nbsp;Zongxin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Straw return into agricultural soil is beneficial to agricultural production and has been widely recommended as a practice to enhance both productivity and soil fertility. However, long-term excessive straw return may be detrimental in intensive and high-yielding cropping systems. Here, we conducted a 3-year field experiment in a wheat-maize (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> and <em>Zea mays</em>) double cropping system to investigate the impacts of various straw return rates on crop productivity and carbon footprint. The soil type of the experimental site is Hapludalf. Our results revealed that during the study period from 2014 to 2017 returning 50 % of the straw from both crops (about 3.8 t C ha⁻¹ input) led to maximum increase in grain yield by 15 % and the maximum efficiency of soil to sequestrate 24 % of carbon contained in returned straw. Returning only 25 % of straw (2.0 t C ha⁻¹ input) maintained the relative balance of soil carbon. 75 % straw return (5.4 t C·ha⁻¹ straw carbon) resulted in the maximum soil carbon sequestration of 0.8 t C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ and minimum carbon footprint of 2.4 t CO₂-eq ha⁻¹, but more straw return did not produce significant positive benefits. Straw return promoted farmland CO₂ emission, which was equivalent to 43 % of the straw carbon input. Each 25 % increase of straw return amount increased the total direct N₂O emissions by 0.5 kg N₂O ha⁻¹. Our results clearly indicate that the currently and widely practiced straw management i.e. returning all wheat and maize straw, leads to excessive carbon return, causing imbalance of soil carbon and nutrient and reduced crop yield, is therefore not the best options. Returning 50–75 % of crop straw and using the rest as stock feed, will boost crop productivity while maintaining lower carbon footprint. Our approach provides a practical and reliable method to develop a \"win-win\" strategy for straw management in the double-cropping systems. The optimal straw management will change with time due to changed climate, soil and management conditions,while the approach can be applied to investigate optimal straw management in all systems across environments. Although our study is constrained to short-term observations, the findings provide valuable guidance for the development of mutually beneficial crop straw management strategies and establish a solid foundation for future long-term research in this area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 106447"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial variations of organic matter concentration in cultivated land topsoil in North China based on updated soil databases","authors":"Dongheng Yao ,&nbsp;Enyi Xie ,&nbsp;Ruqian Zhang ,&nbsp;Bingbo Gao ,&nbsp;Liang Li ,&nbsp;Zhenting Zhao ,&nbsp;Wencai Zhang ,&nbsp;Yubo Liao ,&nbsp;Ming Lei ,&nbsp;Xiangbin Kong","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2024.106445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2024.106445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate knowledge of spatial variations in organic matter concentration of cultivated land topsoil (CTSOM) is crucial for the effective use and management of cultivated land. However, this knowledge remains largely uncertain owing to outdated and imprecise soil databases. Therefore, in 2020, this study meticulously collected 918 samples of cultivated land topsoil (0–30 cm) in Hebei Province of North China, and a Random Forest (RF) model was used to delineate the spatial variability of CTSOM. Results indicated the robust performance of the RF model containing 21 predictors, with an R² of 0.77, and soil total nitrogen (TN) emerging as the most important predictor. The current mean CTSOM level in the study area stood at 16.47 ± 3.94 g kg⁻¹, displaying a spatial pattern with higher CTSOM levels in the western and northern mountainous areas, and lower levels in the eastern plain areas. A comparison with the second national soil survey data revealed that the overall regional level of CTSOM has increased by 4.28 g kg⁻¹ over the last 40 years. However, a significant decline in CTSOM was observed in the northern part of the study area, where straw return and fertilization can be key contributing factors. This study provides updated knowledge on the spatial variations of CTSOM in North China, which is valuable for agricultural ecosystem management worldwide and for carbon accounting in terrestrial ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 106445"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil surface properties and infiltration response to crust forming of a sandy loam and silt loam","authors":"Lin Lin ,&nbsp;Patric Yemeli Lonla ,&nbsp;Jaianth Vijayakumar ,&nbsp;Muhammad Khizar Khan ,&nbsp;Gemmina Di Emidio ,&nbsp;Nick Krekelbergh ,&nbsp;Ann Verdoodt ,&nbsp;Wim Cornelis","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2024.106440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2024.106440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil surface crusting is a common phenomenon on agricultural soils susceptible to raindrop impact. Crusts affect soil hydrological properties, erosion, crop quality and yield, which implicates both agriculture and the environment. While methods for determining hydraulic or basic properties of thick soil layers are well established, measuring the soil characteristics of a thin crust still remains a challenge. In this study, we combined traditional lab methods and advanced techniques to reveal temporal variations of crust micro-morphology and their effect on soil properties with cumulative rainfall. Composite samples from two soil textures, a sandy loam and a silt loam, were collected and packed in soil pans, and exposed to a range of rainfall amounts and two rainfall intensities, using a laboratory nozzle-type rainulator. Intact soil ring samples were collected after each rainfall event. They were scanned using X-ray micro-computed Tomography (CT) to determine the evolution of soil porosity, bulk density and crust thickness during the crust formation process. The water permeability and infiltration dynamics of the developing crusts were investigated with minidisk infiltrometers placed on the crusts developed in the pans. Shear strength was evaluated by a hand vane. Disturbed soil was collected to explore variation in organic matter content and texture with cumulative rainfall. During the simulated rainfall events, soil loss, splash and runoff were recorded as well. We found that runoff volume and sediment mass increased, while splash and infiltration volume decreased with increasing rainfall amount. Shear strength increased until 200 mm of rainfall. Rainfall that resulted in crust formation had a rapid and strong effect on the hydraulic properties, with the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity being reduced as rainfall duration increased, and with high rainfall intensity having a greater impact than the low intensity. This was associated with rainfall-induced aggregate breakdown processes, which was confirmed by micro-CT. From the micro-CT images, we found that porosity reached a minimum value after 50 mm rainfall, while bulk density reached a maximum value. The dense crust was then partially removed/dissolved by further rainfall events. Crust thicknesses were about 3.19 and 4.85 mm, and the mean porosity of the crust layers was about 24 % and 27 % smaller than that of the underlying layer, at relatively high and low rainfall intensity, respectively. In conclusion, rainfall events significantly affect crust formation, on which the early-stage has the greatest influence. The crusts are rapidly formed under high rainfall intensity, but a thicker crust is formed under a longer duration of low rainfall intensity. The thickness of the crust increases with increasing rainfall, but its porosity does not decrease correspondingly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 106440"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142925028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibiting soil and water loss in a saline soil through cyanobacterization","authors":"Sudabeh Gharemahmudli ,&nbsp;Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghi","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2024.106446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2024.106446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil salinity is one of the essential factors of soil degradation and erosion in arid and semiarid regions, seriously limiting sustainable development. New technologies in controlling and restoring saline soils have to support the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. In the same vein, despite the approved role of biological amendments in controlling soil and water loss, the inoculation of soil cyanobacteria to reduce soil degradation in saline soils has yet to be considered. For this purpose, the studied soil was collected from the Incheboron Area in Northeast Golestan Province, Iran, due to saline and sodium soil being sensitive to water erosion and unstable ecological conditions. The experiments were set up in 0.5 × 0.5-m small erosion plots with soil having different salinities and slopes in the Rain and Erosion Simulation Laboratory of Tarbiat Modares University, Iran. The treated plots with endemic cyanobacteria and untreated (control) plots were compared after eight weeks under simulated rain conditions with an intensity of about 70 mm h⁻¹ lasting for 30 min. The results of the research showed that the runoff volume resulted from the simulated rainfall in the plots with low salinity and 10 % slope and high salinity and 5 % slope inoculated by cyanobacteria were 54.60 and 83.32 % less than untreated plots, respectively. Soil loss was also significantly inhibited (p &lt; 0.001) by seven and 16 times compared to the control treatment. In other words, the treatment of cyanobacteria inoculation on soil with high salinity and low slope was about eight times more effective than that of soil with low salinity and higher slope. Therefore, soil cyanobacteria inoculation can be considered an adequate soil and water conservation strategy in the saline region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 106446"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142925030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revealing the driving mechanism of soil respiration induced by water erosion in Ultisols landscape of southern China","authors":"Geng Guo ,&nbsp;Zhiying Deng ,&nbsp;Jie Kuai ,&nbsp;Xiaoying Peng ,&nbsp;Lihua Wu ,&nbsp;Guangruo Zeng ,&nbsp;Zhen Ouyang ,&nbsp;Jiayi Miao ,&nbsp;Jie Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2024.106435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2024.106435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water erosion exerts a profound impact on the terrestrial C cycling and its source/sink patterns through strongly affecting soil respiration (<em>Rs</em>). However, the systematic mechanism of erosion-induced CO₂ emissions remains inadequately elucidated. Herein, we conducted a one-year field experiment to examine the effects of erosion and deposition on <em>Rs</em>, as well as the relationships between different environmental factors and <em>Rs</em> on a typical eroded slope in southern China. Samples of the topsoil (0–20 cm), classified as <em>Ultisols</em>, were collected from four landscape positions (top, up, middle and toe) with different erosional and depositional characteristics along three transects. We also utilized Biolog-Eco microplates to investigate the response of soil microbial community function to water erosion. The results indicated the accumulative <em>Rs</em> significantly differed among different sites (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), primarily in the order of mid-slope&lt; up-slope&lt; toe-slope&lt; top-slope, with the maximum and minimum values of 18.75 and 9.75 t CO₂ ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, respectively. Moreover, erosion remarkably reduced the soil organic carbon (SOC), nutrients, and the average well color development (AWCD) of the carbon sources in soil microbial communities, while deposition enhanced them. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) elucidated the multi-factor driving mechanism of erosional site, soil temperature (<em>T</em>_<em>s5</em>), moisture (<em>SWC</em>_<em>10</em>), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), SOC, and Shannon’s index on <em>Rs</em> (<em>R</em>^<em>2</em>=84.20 %). More importantly, SEM revealed that <em>T</em>_<em>s5</em>, <em>SWC</em>_<em>10</em>, MBC, SOC were the most significant predictors of <em>Rs</em>. In summary, <em>Rs</em> was regulated by the interplay of hydrothermal factors, soil properties, and microbial characteristics under erosion and deposition conditions. There is a need to incorporate additional soil properties other than the hydrothermal double-factor model. Our findings highlighted the importance of water erosion on <em>Rs</em> and clarified its driving mechanism, providing a theoretical basis for better predicting and managing carbon-climate feedbacks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 106435"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142925032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An improved approach for estimating root elongation rate from penetrometer resistance and macropore porosity on a silty clay loam soil","authors":"Shijie Qin ,&nbsp;Lingling Liu ,&nbsp;W. Richard Whalley ,&nbsp;Hu Zhou ,&nbsp;Tusheng Ren ,&nbsp;Weida Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2024.106439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2024.106439","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The role of macropores is often ignored in classical models for predicting root elongation using soil penetrometer resistance (<em>PR</em>). In this study, we propose an empirical model that includes the effects of macropores and <em>PR</em> on maize (<em>Zea mays L</em>.) root elongation rate (<em>RER</em>) and compare its performance with three previous models. Undisturbed soil cores were collected from an 11-yr tillage experiment (including no-tillage and conventional tillage systems) in Northeast China. For each soil core, soil bulk density (<em>BD</em>), penetrometer resistance (<em>PR</em>), air-filled porosity <em>(AFP</em>), and pore size distribution from water release characteristics, and <em>RER</em> of maize seedlings at a matric potential of −20 kPa were determined. Results showed that <em>RER</em> negatively correlated with <em>BD</em>, <em>PR</em>, and the volume of <em>ε</em>_&lt;6 (the volume of pores less than 6 µm), but it was positively correlated with the <em>AFP</em> and <em>ε</em>_&gt;60 (the volume of pores greater than 60 µm) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). <em>RER</em> exhibited a 50 % reduction when <em>PR</em> was over 1.3 MPa or <em>AFP</em> was below 10 %. Additionally, <em>RER</em> became less sensitive to <em>PR</em> change at <em>PR</em> values greater than 1.3 MPa. The new <em>RER</em> model, which accounts for the influences of <em>PR</em> and macroporosity (&gt; 60 µm), performed better in predicting <em>RER</em> than the previous models, with a root mean square error (<em>RMSE</em>) of 0.36. The new model is useful in simulating maize root distribution under field conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 106439"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142925029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The functional role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in enhancing soil organic carbon stocks and stability in dryland","authors":"Meng-Ying Li ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Hai-Hong Yin ,&nbsp;Yinglong Chen ,&nbsp;Muhammad Ashraf ,&nbsp;Hong-Yan Tao ,&nbsp;Shi-Sheng Li ,&nbsp;Wen-Ying Wang ,&nbsp;Chang-Lang Yang ,&nbsp;Yun-Li Xiao ,&nbsp;Li Zhu ,&nbsp;You-Cai Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2024.106443","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2024.106443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are known to influence soil organic carbon (SOC) stock, but the mechanisms by which they affect SOC stability in the rhizosphere remains poorly understood. To address this gap, a 7-year field observation was conducted in a rainfed dryland maize field, with AMF inoculation, AMF exclusion (only benomyl treatment), and the control (no AMF and no benomyl). AMF introduction increased soil occluded particulate organic carbon (oPOC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) contents by 15.6 % and 7.1 %, respectively, compared to the control. However, no significant changes were observed in free particulate organic carbon (fPOC) levels. As expected, AMF exclusion led to a general reduction in SOC content. Analyses of <em>in situ</em> ¹³C labeling showed that AMF inoculation evidently promoted the retention of ¹³C in oPOC (13.6 %) and MAOC (5.4 %), thereby enhancing SOC stability. High-throughput sequencing results revealed that AMF inoculation led to significant increases in the diversity and abundance of rhizosphere fungal community, with higher co-occurrence network complexity. Meanwhile, the diversity and abundance of rhizosphere bacterial community were substantially reduced (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Importantly, long-term AMF inoculation was observed to weaken soil N stocks, and inhibit microbial hydrolase secretion for C sources. The findings suggest that AMF inoculation can conserve and stabilize SOC by enhancing fungal community proliferation, while reducing microbial extracellular enzyme activity through soil N depletion. Therefore, AMF can be considered rhizosphere carbon engineer that boost persistent carbon sink in drylands via selectively affecting SOC components. The findings provide new insights into global nature-based carbon neutrality strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 106443"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142925027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil carbon, nitrogen dynamics, and energy, carbon budgeting in response to uncultivated land management with crop biomass in the southwestern US","authors":"Hui Yang,&nbsp;Manoj K. Shukla,&nbsp;John Begay","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2024.106427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2024.106427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Uncultivated agricultural land management by leaving biomass of the last crop planted in the field can prevent soil health degradation over time. However, the effects of different uncultivated land management practices on soil organic carbon stock, total nitrogen stock, and soil health changes remain unclear. A field experiment from June 2021 to September 2023 investigated the effects of integrated crop residue-uncultivated land management. The treatments include winter wheat in fall then uncultivated with entire crop biomass left in the farm (WT); corn in summer then uncultivated with biomass (CT); bare or no vegetation (BT); and continuous annual irrigated winter wheat (CWT). The study focused on investigating changes in soil organic carbon (SOC), soil inorganic carbon (SIC), total carbon (TC), and total nitrogen (TN) in 100 cm soil depth and quantifying cost budgeting, energy budgeting, and carbon budgeting in various treatments. The results showed that the highest SOC stock for 0–100 cm soil depth (115.2 Mg/ha) with an increase of 49.6 % was observed in CWT. However, the SIC stocks in CWT were 37.4 %, 52.4 %, and 36.3 % lower than those in BT, CT, and WT, respectively. No significant differences in TN stocks were observed between the four treatments after 3-year implementations of land management, WT showed slightly higher TN stock in 100 cm depth than the other three treatments. Considering the budgets of cost, energy, and carbon, although CT had the highest net returns of 7726.3 US$/ha, WT increased surface coverage thereby enhancing the net energy (275776.4 MJ/ha), energy use efficiency (12.0), energy profitability (10.97), carbon efficiency (12.41) and carbon sustainability index (11.41), accompanied by second highest net returns of 6610.6 US$/ha. Planting winter wheat in one season and then leaving the land uncultivated, with the entire biomass left on the land, not only reduces soil degradation but also improves carbon and energy efficiency. This approach could be an effective solution for land management and groundwater conservation in the Lower Rio Grande Valley.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 106427"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142925036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Pisha sandstone additions on microstructural stability of sandy soil in Mu Us Sandy Land, China","authors":"Lin Zhou ,&nbsp;Jiangwen Li ,&nbsp;Chenyang Xu ,&nbsp;Wei Du ,&nbsp;Zhe Liu ,&nbsp;Feinan Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2024.106437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2024.106437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The degradation of soil structure in sandy regions undermines soil functionality and poses a significant threat to environmental sustainability. The incorporation of Pisha sandstone, a natural soil amendment, has been recognized as an effective intervention to reduce soil erosion and expand arable land in the Mu Us Sandy Land, China. However, the microstructural stability and resilience of amended sandy soil formed by mixing Pisha sandstone with sandy soils remain inadequately understood. This study aims to evaluate the effects of Pisha sandstone addition on the microstructural stability of sandy soils. Four amendment rates of Pisha sandstone (16.7 %, 33.3 %, 50 %, and 100 % w/w) and five water content levels (40 %-80 %) were tested. Key parameters related to microstructural stability and structural resilience were assessed using amplitude sweep and rotational shear tests via a rheometer. Results indicated that soil shear resistance (τ_LVR, τ_max, τ_y), storage modulus (G'_YP) and viscosity (η₀) decreased with the addition of Pisha sandstone, attributed to its lubricating effect and swelling properties. Additionally, Pisha sandstone enhanced physical elasticity (γ_LVR) and structural recovery of sandy soil under conditions of low disturbance. However, when water content exceeded 50 %, the fluidity of the amended sandy soil increased with Pisha sandstone addition. The sandy soil with a Pisha sandstone addition rate of 16.7 % exhibited optimal structural elasticity, shear resistance, and stiffness. These findings provide valuable insights into the enhancement of sandy soil structural stability using Pisha sandstone, offering a scientific foundation for refining amendment ratios and advancing agricultural management practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 106437"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142925035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}