Soil & Tillage Research最新文献

{"title":"Soil structure assessment using pedomorphological descriptors – SSAPD in Quebec","authors":"Eduardo Chavez Benalcazar ,&nbsp;Marc-Olivier Gasser ,&nbsp;Jacynthe Dessureault-Rompré ,&nbsp;Gi-Mick Wu ,&nbsp;Jean-Benoît Mathieu ,&nbsp;Catherine Bossé","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106812","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106812","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil structure is a key factor influencing numerous processes in soil which is not commonly measured but can be assessed in the field using different manual/visual methods. The aim of this work was to develop a visual method based on standardized pedomorphological descriptors which offer a better framework than soil attributes used in the popular VESS technique and to validate its use under Quebec agricultural conditions. The Soil Structure Assessment using Pedomorphological Descriptors (SSAPD) method was developed using data collected from a large-scale soil health inventory and a panel of soil experts to assign rates and weights to pedomorphological descriptors and to calculate a score. The scores produced by SSAPD showed a good relationship with VESS. SSAPD was also able to discriminate between cultivated and control soils with better soil physical condition. Pearson’s correlations were generally weak across all textural groups and horizons; however, a few moderate correlations were observed with expected trends in the Ap horizon. Generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) were used to analyze the relationship between SSAPD and soil properties. The fitted models revealed non-linear relationships between SSAPD and most of the analyzed soil properties across different textural groups specially for clayey and loamy soils. SSAPD’s scoring methodology, based on pedological descriptors and a system of ratings and weights, offers broad potential for calibration and fine-tuning across various parent materials, soil textures, and depths.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 106812"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corn residue alters phosphorus sorption and retention dynamics in a leaching-prone soil","authors":"Ziwei Li ,&nbsp;Mariam K. Sorour ,&nbsp;Zhiming Qi ,&nbsp;Eman El Sayed ,&nbsp;Shiv O. Prasher","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106854","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106854","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agricultural phosphorus (P) runoff contributing to water body enrichment is a major environmental issue, particularly from high-P soils with poor retention. Conservation practices involving crop residues can alter P dynamics. This study quantified the impact of corn stalk residue added on a weight-to-weight basis on P sorption and retention in a leaching-risk soil, examining the influence of pH, ionic strength, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) on P release. Using batch experiments, we assessed P sorption across varying residue rates (0–20.3 % w/w), P dosages (0–71.8 mg L⁻¹), and P release under different pH (5, 7, 8), ionic strength (0–0.05 M), and DOC concentrations (0–500 mg C L⁻¹). Notably, residue additions above 15.3 % substantially decreased P sorption by 30–50 % and reduced P retention capacity from 90 % to 70 %. Higher P dosages also decreased sorption efficiency (from 56 % to 41 %) and retention (from 91 % to 86 %). Furthermore, P release surged at high pH combined with low ionic strength (0 M), while higher ionic strengths (0.01–0.05 M) buffered this effect. Counterintuitively, despite DOC-derived P inputs, increasing DOC concentrations from 100 to 500 mg C L⁻¹ reduced net dissolved inorganic P from 5.8 % above control to only 0.8 % above control, suggesting rapid P transformation or complexation. These results reveal critical interactions between residue management, DOC dynamics, and soil chemistry, necessitating careful integration of P fertilization strategies with residue practices to mitigate leaching risks while preserving conservation benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 106854"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating proximal sensing data (soil spectra and magnetic susceptibility) with the common covariates to predict soil carbon pools in semiarid regions","authors":"Kamran Azizi ,&nbsp;Shuai Zhao ,&nbsp;Shamsollah Ayoubi ,&nbsp;Azadeh Kamangarpour ,&nbsp;Kamal Nabiollahi ,&nbsp;Yufeng Ge ,&nbsp;Kaiguang Zhao ,&nbsp;Jesús Rodrigo-Comino ,&nbsp;José Alexandre Melo Demattê","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate mapping of soil carbon stocks in semiarid and arid areas can be crucial for soil management and sustainable agriculture. So far, many attempts have been made to map soil carbon pools with environmental variables through the digital soil mapping (DSM) procedure; nevertheless, little attempt has been made to integrate remote sensing and proximal sensing for this purpose. The main goal of this study was to predict carbon pools by the integration of numerous auxiliary variables (Terrain variables and remotely sensed data) with Vis-NIR-SWIR spectral data and magnetic measures at the semiarid region in the west of Iran at the watershed scale. A total of 346 samples were collected in a randomly manner from the surface soil ( 0–20 cm). Visible-near-infrared (Vis-NIR) data derived in the ranges of 350–2500 nm, magnetic susceptibility (χ_hf, χ_lf, and χ_fd), and six soil properties (CCE, EC, pH, Sand, Silt and clay) comprising carbon pools were measured. Also, a total of thirty-two environmental variables were derived from topographic features and remote sensing data. For DSM modeling and preparation of a digital map of the carbon pools, two models (random forest (RF) and Cubist) were considered in three scenarios (i) remote sensing indices + topographic attributes + soil properties; ii) variables in the first scenario + magnetic measures; iii) variables in second scenario + spectral data). The result showed that integrating proximal sensing and remote sensing (scenario III) provided better performance in both models. Also, the results showed that the Cubist model compared to the RF model provided a slightly higher performance in estimating soil organic carbon (SOC) (R²=0.67, RMSE=0.26) and soil inorganic carbon (SIC) (R²=0.66, RMSE=0.76). However, for predicting the total soil carbon (TSC) content, the RF model with a coefficient of determination of 0.66, and root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.81 performed better than the Cubist model (R²=0.60, RMSE=0.85). The furthermost imperative variables in the spatial estimation of soil carbon stocks were proximal attributes, remote sensing attributes, soil properties, and digital elevation model (DEM) derivatives, respectively. Overall, the results demonstrated the high capability of the integration of proximal soil sensing and remote sensing to predict soil carbon stocks on a large scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 106840"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dispersivity-induced crack patterns in soils subjected to combined wet-dry and freeze-thaw cycles: Insights from monitoring, testing, and CT scanning","authors":"Hua Du ,&nbsp;Huie Chen ,&nbsp;Jinfeng Li ,&nbsp;Qing Wang ,&nbsp;Fansheng Kong ,&nbsp;Boxin Wang ,&nbsp;Wenhua Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106856","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106856","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The unique climate in cold and arid regions facilitates soil crack initiation and propagation, which, in dispersive soils, further increases the risk of agricultural land degradation and ecological deterioration. This study investigated spatial crack development in dispersive soil subjected to wet-dry (WD) and wet-dry-freeze-thaw (WDFT) cycles, combining the results from temperature and humidity monitoring, physical property testing, and computed tomography (CT) scanning. The findings indicate that soil layers with developed cracks show greater fluctuations in volume water content during wetting and drying. During the wetting phase, upper-layer soil aggregates disperse into fine particles, which migrate downward through cracks with infiltration, changing the grain-size composition across layers. Fine particle accumulation hinders further water infiltration into deeper layers. In soil layers with developed cracks, the dry density of intact soil blocks increases. Cracks significantly enhance soil permeability, making it prone to instability under seepage. After ten WD cycles, the transverse-sectional crack ratio of the sample initially decreases and then stabilizes with increasing depth. Cracks extend vertically to approximately 7.5 cm and exhibit a horizontal, ring-like inward pattern. In the sample subjected to WDFT cycles, the transverse-sectional crack ratio shows two distinct peak values, and the crack development depth is about 9.0 cm. The combined effect of freezing and desiccation substantially increases the volume and connectivity of cracks, resulting in a marked difference in crack development at deeper layers. Compared to dry density and permeability coefficient, water content and grain-size composition more accurately reflect the early-stage crack development in dispersive soil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 106856"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agricultural management strategies to actively promote subsoil carbon storage","authors":"Davey L. Jones,&nbsp;Emily C. Cooledge,&nbsp;Daisy Alston,&nbsp;David R. Chadwick","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106846","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106846","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agricultural subsoils (&gt; 0.2 m depth) are a vital carbon (C) sink, offering significant stable, long-term C storage due to their undisturbed and protective soil physicochemical properties and low microbial activity. Full of untapped potential, the subsoil is a critically important C reservoir for global C sequestration that has been underutilised and overlooked both by policymakers and researchers, resulting in significant research gaps with wide-reaching impacts on regional and global C modelling. However, subsoil environments often present inherent challenges for biological C inputs, including increased compaction, acidity, oxygen deficiency, and nutrient limitations that constrain root development and microbial activity. Recent advances in agricultural management have identified several key strategies to promote subsoil C sequestration, including mechanical interventions (e.g., deep tillage, straw burial), chemical amendments (e.g., biochar, mineral additions), biological approaches (e.g., deep-rooting crops and forage species), and land use transitions (e.g., cropland conversion to grassland or agroforestry systems). Here, we critically examine the current evidence for different subsoil C storage and protection strategies, focusing on their mechanisms, efficacy, and practical implications for agricultural systems. We identify key research gaps and the balance between the co-benefits (e.g., improved soil structure, reduced nutrient leaching at depth) and negative impacts (e.g., positive priming, agrichemical binding) of increasing subsoil C with these aforementioned strategies. The barriers to successful implementation of these methods are discussed, recognising the socioeconomic constraints that without policy incentives may limit their adoption outside of larger, financially stable farm enterprises. We emphasise that overcoming subsoil constraints through targeted breeding programs and integrated management approaches is essential for maximizing biological C inputs to deeper soil layers. Finally, we recommend that future research must prioritise large-scale, longitudinal studies that can comprehensively assess the ecological, economic, and agronomic implications of subsoil C management interventions. In addition, these need to consider combining physical, chemical, and biological subsoil C sequestration strategies, to maximise the benefits, rather than investigating them in isolation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 106846"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organic amendment quality as a driver of soil phosphorus enrichment and crop yield: A global synthesis","authors":"Mahbub Ul Islam ,&nbsp;Fahui Jiang ,&nbsp;Md. Mydul Islam ,&nbsp;Muhammed Mustapha Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Milton Halder ,&nbsp;Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Enqing Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106836","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106836","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phosphorus (P) is a critical nutrient for plant growth, yet its availability in soils is often limited due to fixation and low solubility. Organic amendments (OAs) have been proposed as an effective strategy to enhance soil P availability and crop productivity. However, a comprehensive global synthesis quantifying the effects of different OAs types, residue quality, and soil biophysical conditions on soil P dynamics and yield remains limited. This meta-analysis, based on 1076 paired observations from 232 peer-reviewed studies, quantified the global effects of OAs on soil available P (AvP), total P (TP), and crop yield. On average, OAs significantly increased AvP by 83.3 % (<em>CI</em>: 73.2 %-93.4 %) and TP by 27.5 % (<em>CI</em>: 23.3 %-32.1 %), with compost showing the highest AvP gain (176.3 %; <em>CI</em>: 146.2 %-206.4 %), followed by manure (135.6 %; <em>CI</em>: 109.8 %-161.4 %), biochar (65.4 %; <em>CI</em>: 53.3 %-77.5 %), and straw (30.8 %; <em>CI</em>: 17.4 %-44.2 %). AvP gains were most pronounced in soils with low SOC (&lt;5 %, 169.4 %), alkaline pH (&gt;7, 164.8 %), and sandy loam texture (132.4 %). Co-application of OAs with fertilizers further increased AvP by 90.7 %, particularly with P (158.3 %) and NPK (122.1 %) fertilizers. Residue quality strongly influenced AvP: residues with high C (&gt;300 g/kg) and high P (&gt;4 g/kg) low C:N (≤20) and high C:P (&gt;30) showed significantly higher AvP increases. Crop yield improved by 36.4 % (biochar; <em>CI</em>: 28.5 %-44.4 %), 26.3 % (manure; <em>CI</em>: 18.6 %-33.9 %), 27.5 % (compost; <em>CI</em>: 21.9 %-33.1 %), and 10.2 % (straw; <em>CI</em>: 7.89 %-12.5 %). A moderate positive correlation (R² = 0.25, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) was found between AvP and crop yield. Structural Equation Modeling revealed that the C:P ratio of residues was the strongest predictor of AvP increase (path coefficient = 0.40, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), which subsequently enhanced crop yield (0.37, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). These findings demonstrate that organic amendments substantially improve soil P availability and crop yield, especially when residue quality and site-specific soil conditions are considered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 106836"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Partial substitution of chemical nitrogen fertilizer with organic manure is more feasible than full substitution for soil phosphorus risk management","authors":"Yuting Fang ,&nbsp;Bin Zhu ,&nbsp;Hongyan Wang ,&nbsp;Chang Peng ,&nbsp;Xin Chen ,&nbsp;Caiyan Lu ,&nbsp;Guangyu Chi","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The substitution of mineral fertilizer with organic fertilizer can help improve soil fertility and reduce environmental emissions, but the extent to which organic fertilizer should replace chemical nitrogen (N) fertilizer with respect to phosphorus (P) risk management remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of organic fertilizer substitution on soil P and crop yield through a five-year field experiment. Four treatments were arranged, including chemical fertilizer N but no P (C₁), chemical fertilizer (C₂), 25 % organic fertilizer substitution based on N addition (M₁), 50 % organic fertilizer substitution (M₂) and 100 % organic fertilizer substitution (M₃). The results indicated that the overall yield of the three organic fertilizer substitution treatments was lower than that of the C₂ treatment, but only M₃ and C₂ showed significant differences. Compared with the C₁ treatment, the C₂, M₁, and M₂ treatments did not increase TP, Olsen-P or labile-P, while their contents were high in the upper soil of M₃. Path analysis between different P fractions and Olsen-P revealed that resin-P, NaHCO₃-P_i, and NaOH-P_i had the greatest direct effect on Olsen-P, but NaHCO₃-P_o and NaOH-P_o might transform into Olsen-P through NaHCO₃-P_i and NaOH-P_i. Our results suggested that partial substitution of chemical fertilizers not only ensured yield but also did not increase the risk of P leaching, making it more feasible than full substitution with organic fertilizers. The substitution of organic fertilizer would lead to more conversion of organic P into inorganic P to maintain the soil Olsen-P level. These results contribute to a better understanding of the influence of the substitution of organic fertilizer on the P pool and thus clarify the appropriate proportion of substitution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 106847"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145004938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable soil management: Rhizosphere microbial contributions to erosion control in herbaceous vegetation systems","authors":"Daqing Peng ,&nbsp;Chenghang Du ,&nbsp;Runlai Xu ,&nbsp;Jielin Liu ,&nbsp;Xingyi Zhang ,&nbsp;Mingming Guo ,&nbsp;Xiaolei Kong ,&nbsp;Xueshan Wang ,&nbsp;Qiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective erosion control is critical for sustainable land management and agricultural productivity, especially in sloped croplands. As the dynamic interface between roots and soil, the rhizosphere provides a unique ecological niche for microorganisms that can support plants in maintaining soil stability and resisting erosion. However, the mechanisms by which vegetation-microbe-soil interactions regulate erosion resistance remain poorly understood. In this two-year field experiment on sloped Mollisols cropland, we evaluated the soil erosion resistance of four herbaceous vegetation patterns and examined the synergistic interactions among vegetation, rhizosphere microorganisms, and soil properties that contribute to their effectiveness. Our results showed that vegetation traits such as higher aboveground biomass and more developed root systems, along with improved soil nutrients and physical properties, significantly enhance soil erosion resistance. This enhancement was mediated by vegetation-driven changes in rhizosphere bacterial community structure and a reduction in fungal diversity. Extreme rainfall events increased the stochasticity of both bacterial and fungal communities, reducing within-community interactions by 26.7 %-57.0 % and decreasing ecological network stability by 12.1 %-32.3 %. Among the tested patterns, the mixed sowing of erect milkvetch, timothy, and awnless brome demonstrated the highest erosion control efficiency, with an average soil anti-scour capacity of 50.8 L g⁻¹ , representing a 32.0 %-114.1 % improvement over the other treatments. These findings offer practical guidance for optimizing herbaceous vegetation strategies to improve soil stability and support sustainable land management in erosion-prone agroecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 106844"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145004937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochar delays the downward water infiltration and improves soil moisture retention on cultivated sloping land in the karst region","authors":"Lang Peng ,&nbsp;Xiaoai Yin ,&nbsp;Ruyi Zi ,&nbsp;Qian Fang ,&nbsp;Zhen Han ,&nbsp;Longshan Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the karst rocky desertification region of southwestern China, the uneven distribution of seasonal rainfall, shallow soil layers, and poor soil water retention contribute to the scarcity of soil water resources, which poses a significant threat to agricultural production. The efficacy of biochar as a soil amendment for enhancing soil quality and various soil properties has been confirmed; however, there remains a lack of consensus regarding its impact on soil moisture. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of biochar application on soil moisture dynamics and water retention in karst sloping cultivated land. Twelve monitoring plots (2 m × 1 m) were established on the experimental farm at the campus of Guizhou University. Two treatments (T1 = 30 t ha⁻¹; T2 = 60 t ha⁻¹) and a control group (CK=0 t ha⁻¹) were implemented on slopes of 10° and 20°, respectively. Soil water content was monitored for each treatment from November 2021 to November 2022 under natural rainfall conditions. The results indicated that the addition of biochar decreased the soil water content in the surface layer but effectively increased the soil water content in the subsurface layer. At the 10 cm soil depth, the soil water content under the CK treatment was higher than that under the T1 and T2 treatments. However, at the 20 and 30 cm soil depths, the soil water content under the T1 and T2 treatments was higher than that under the CK treatment. The addition of biochar can alleviate the downward infiltration of water. The response lag time (<em>RLT</em>) and response duration time (<em>RDT</em>) of soil water content to rainfall followed the order of T2 &gt; T1 &gt; CK, while the mean water infiltration rate (<em>W</em>_{<em>mean</em>}) and maximum water infiltration rate (<em>W</em>_<em>max</em>) followed CK&gt;T1 &gt; T2. As a result, the addition of biochar does not significantly (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05) increase soil water storage (<em>SWS</em>). Therefore, the application of biochar had little effect on soil water content during rainfall, but led to differences in water infiltration response to rainfall and changes in post-rainfall soil water dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 106839"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145004936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding and experimental analysis of soil disturbance by tillage tools with different outer contours","authors":"Kuan Qin ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Chunsong Guan ,&nbsp;Weidong Gao ,&nbsp;Ding Zhang ,&nbsp;Chengmao Cao ,&nbsp;Junjie Lu ,&nbsp;Xu Zhu ,&nbsp;Jun Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the soil dynamics affected by the tillage tools with different lateral outer contours, three distinct contour profiles were designed, and a soil bin experiment was conducted. The contour profiles of the tools included a straight line, a concave brachistochrone, and a convex brachistochrone. The experimental conditions involved two soil types (sandy soil and clay soil) with moisture content ranging from 10 % to 30 %, and tool operating speeds varying from 0.03 to 0.15 m/s in increments of 0.03 m/s. In this study, Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV) was employed to measure soil disturbance caused by the tools, focusing on the fine movement of soil particles, a phenomenon often overlooked in previous studies. The final state of soil movement was categorized into two distinct areas: a covered area and an uncovered area. The experimental results indicated that the covered area predominantly determined the variation in disturbed soil when changes were made to the soil moisture content and tool velocity. In contrast, the uncovered area was largely unaffected by variations in soil moisture content or tool movement. Additionally, the interaction force between the soil and tool was investigated, revealing that it was more sensitive in clay soil compared to sandy soil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 106835"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144989382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}