Biochar promoted soil organic carbon accumulation and aggregate stability by increasing the content of organic complex metal oxides in paddy soil

IF 6.1 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil & Tillage Research Pub Date : 2025-06-16 DOI:10.1016/j.still.2025.106713

Jiajun Wu , Bin Zhou , Zichuan Li , Cheng Liu , Yan Li , Yulin Wang , Ning Zhao , Zhuozhe Wang , Yanjun Chai , Antonio Scopa , Marios Drosos , Vishnu D. Rajput , Shengdao Shan

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Abstract

The physical protection of soil organic carbon (SOC) by soil aggregates is one of the important mechanisms on SOC accumulation. Mineral-organic complexes can immobilize organic carbon. It is also a key factor affecting aggregate stability. Biochar can not only promote the accumulation of SOC, but also improve the stability of aggregates. Under frequent fluctuations of soil redox potential in paddy soil, the precipitation-dissolution equilibrium of reactive metal oxides demonstrates heightened sensitivity to biochar addition. These metal oxides play a critical role in stabilizing organic carbon through their regulatory effects. So far, the effect of biochar on the stability of SOC in soil aggregates and mineral-organic complexes in paddy soils has rarely been reported. A field experiment using gradient application rates of biochar was conducted to verify whether mineral-organic complexes play a key role in aggregate stability under biochar application. The results showed that biochar application improved the contents of SOC and total nitrogen. The contents of the soil complexed iron (Fep) and aluminum (Alp), exchangeable manganese (Mnexc) and organic complex manganese (Mnorg) oxides increased with the increase of the biochar application rate. Biochar application resulted in the increased proportion of large macroaggregates and macroaggregates, while the proportion of microaggregates and silt-clay aggregates was decreased. At the same time, biochar application resulted in higher SOC content in four aggregate size fractions with the lower effect in the smaller size fractions compared to the larger size fractions. Structural equation model showed that application of biochar enhanced SOC accumulation by increasing the contents of organic matter and forming Fep, Alp and Mnorg in macroaggregate. The result of gradient application rates of biochar showed that the treatment of 45 t·hm⁻² was the best. In summary, the application of biochar promoted soil organic carbon accumulation and aggregate stability by increasing the content of organic complex metal oxides in paddy soil. This finding could provide practical implications for carbon sequestration, soil health and sustainable agriculture in paddy fields.

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生物炭通过提高水稻土有机复合金属氧化物含量，促进土壤有机碳积累和团聚体稳定性

土壤团聚体对土壤有机碳的物理保护是土壤有机碳积累的重要机制之一。矿物-有机配合物可以固定有机碳。它也是影响骨料稳定性的关键因素。生物炭既能促进有机碳的积累，又能提高团聚体的稳定性。在水稻土中，在土壤氧化还原电位波动频繁的情况下，活性金属氧化物的沉淀-溶解平衡对生物炭的添加表现出较高的敏感性。这些金属氧化物通过调节作用在稳定有机碳中起着至关重要的作用。迄今为止，生物炭对水稻土团聚体和矿有机复合体有机碳稳定性的影响尚未见报道。通过生物炭梯度施用量的田间试验，验证了在生物炭施用条件下，矿物-有机配合物是否在团聚体稳定性中起关键作用。结果表明，施用生物炭提高了土壤有机碳和全氮含量。土壤铁（Fep）、铝（Alp）、交换性锰（Mnexc）和有机络合锰（Mnorg）氧化物含量随生物炭施用量的增加而增加。施用生物炭导致大团聚体和大团聚体的比例增加，而微团聚体和粉砂质粘土团聚体的比例降低。同时，施用生物炭提高了4个团聚体粒径组分的有机碳含量，但较小粒径组分的影响低于较大粒径组分。结构方程模型表明，施用生物炭通过增加有机质含量，形成大团聚体中Fep、Alp和Mnorg来促进有机碳积累。生物炭梯度施用量结果表明，45 t·hm−2处理效果最佳。综上所述，施用生物炭通过提高水稻土有机复合金属氧化物含量促进土壤有机碳积累和团聚体稳定性。这一发现对水田固碳、土壤健康和农业可持续发展具有实际意义。

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来源期刊

Soil & Tillage Research 农林科学-土壤科学

CiteScore

13.00

自引率

6.20%

发文量

266

审稿时长

5 months

期刊介绍： Soil & Tillage Research examines the physical, chemical and biological changes in the soil caused by tillage and field traffic. Manuscripts will be considered on aspects of soil science, physics, technology, mechanization and applied engineering for a sustainable balance among productivity, environmental quality and profitability. The following are examples of suitable topics within the scope of the journal of Soil and Tillage Research: The agricultural and biosystems engineering associated with tillage (including no-tillage, reduced-tillage and direct drilling), irrigation and drainage, crops and crop rotations, fertilization, rehabilitation of mine spoils and processes used to modify soils. Soil change effects on establishment and yield of crops, growth of plants and roots, structure and erosion of soil, cycling of carbon and nutrients, greenhouse gas emissions, leaching, runoff and other processes that affect environmental quality. Characterization or modeling of tillage and field traffic responses, soil, climate, or topographic effects, soil deformation processes, tillage tools, traction devices, energy requirements, economics, surface and subsurface water quality effects, tillage effects on weed, pest and disease control, and their interactions.