Soil & Tillage Research最新文献

{"title":"Micro-nano bubbles irrigation improves rice yield under nitrogen deficiency by regulating soil microbial community","authors":"Yanan Pei ,&nbsp;Weiguang Lv ,&nbsp;Chenglong Xu ,&nbsp;Xianpu Zhu ,&nbsp;Shuangxi Li ,&nbsp;Juanqin Zhang ,&nbsp;Naling Bai ,&nbsp;Haiyun Zhang ,&nbsp;Hanlin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nano-bubble water irrigation can increase soil oxygen content, alter soil chemical and microbial properties, and enhance crop yields. However, there is limited research about the impacts of nitrogen fertilizer reduction coupling with different micro-nano bubbles (MNBs) irrigation frequency. In this study, a two-year field experiment with three MNBs irrigation frequencies (2, 4 and 8 times/d) and two nitrogen fertilizer amounts (100 % and 70 % fertilization) was conducted in Shanghai, China. The results indicated that 1) MNBs irrigation increased rice yield by an average of 8.6 % over the two years. 2) Continuous medium and high frequency MNBs irrigation increased the soil organic matter and nitrogen contents. MNBs could effectively reduce the risk of nitrate nitrogen leaching by the inhibition to the conversion of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen and compensate for the N deficit of 70 % fertilization treatments, enhancing their soil nutrient retention capacity. 3) The bacterial and fungal community structure were both affected by the frequency and amount of fertilization. Generally, MNBs irrigation reduced bacterial and fungal diversity, and changed microbial co-occurrence patterns, leading to a new stable microbial community. MNBs enhanced soil organic decomposition, nitrogen fixation, phosphorus cycling through the alteration of bacterial and fungal community. The responds of bacteria to MNBs were strong in a short period of time, but didn’t expand to the 20–40 cm soil. The responds of fungi were tardy but significantly affected by continuous MNBs irrigation. Overall, medium MNBs irrigation frequency coupling with 70 % fertilization had the best effect on rice production systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 106579"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterising and quantifying soil clay-sized minerals using mid-infrared spectroscopy","authors":"Yin-Chung Huang,&nbsp;Wartini Ng,&nbsp;Budiman Minasny,&nbsp;Alex B. McBratney","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Characterisation of clay-sized minerals in soils is critical for assessing soil quality and function. However, the lack of high-throughput methods to quantify clay-sized minerals limits the incorporation of such information into large-scale soil surveys and assessments. This study aimed to predict the quantity of clay-sized minerals and the dominant mineral types using mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy in an applied manner. A total of 7193 samples were retrieved from the Kellogg Soil Survey Laboratory (KSSL) dataset. Eight pedologically significant minerals, namely calcite, chlorite, gibbsite, kaolinite, mica, montmorillonite, quartz, and vermiculite, were chosen as the target minerals. The clay-sized minerals were quantified using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, categorised into six grades (grade 0 indicated not present and grades 1–5 based on increasing quantity). The soil MIR spectra showed distinctive features related to their mineralogy, particularly for calcite, gibbsite, and kaolinite. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) successfully predicted the mineral content, with most minerals having root mean square errors less than one grade. Calcite, kaolinite and mica predictions were the best, attributed to their unique absorption peaks. The prediction of dominant clay-sized minerals had an accuracy of 69 %, with calcite and montmorillonite demonstrating user’s and producer’s accuracy exceeding 75 %. A comparison between the predicted dominant minerals and the top two dominant minerals identified by XRD analysis on the samples revealed an agreement in 85 % of the cases. This study demonstrated the ability of MIR spectroscopy to predict clay-sized minerals and can serve as a rapid way to determine the dominant clay-sized minerals in soils. When following the standard procedures for both methods, MIR spectroscopy can reduce the time required for analysis by over 90 % compared to XRD, representing a significant advantage for large-scale soil surveys and mapping in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 106590"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substrate-specific priming of mineral-associated organic carbon in various cropland soils","authors":"Yumei Peng,&nbsp;Zi Wang,&nbsp;Jia Shi,&nbsp;Xiang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106606","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106606","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organo-mineral interactions are crucial for soil carbon sequestration, but the stabilization of mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) to fresh carbon inputs remains uncertain. Using ¹³C isotope tracing, we investigated the destabilization potential of contrasting carbon substrates (glucose versus oxalic acid) on MAOC persistence in three cropland soils (black, paddy, and loess soils). The cumulative CO₂ caused by glucose was much higher than that caused by oxalic acid in all three soils due to preferential substrate utilization. Substrate-specific priming effects (PE) of MAOC were observed across three soil types. Compared with the control, cumulative PE in glucose exhibited divergent responses, with positive PE in black (2.98 %) and loess (220.48 %) soils, but a negative PE in paddy soil (−33.2 %). Conversely, oxalic acid induced uniformly positive PE across all soils, with 121.66 % in black soil, 23.65 % in paddy soil, and 152.53 % in loess soil, respectively. Higher thermal stability, the highest ratio of MAOC to the specific surface area of muffled soil, and enriched aromatic C groups (C<img>O, Ar–C–C(H)) in paddy soil MAOC corresponded to its higher stability, as evidenced by its resistance to glucose-induced priming. By contrast, oxalic acid universally stimulated MAOC destabilization via mineral chelation. Our findings demonstrate that carbon sequestration strategies in agroecosystems must account for both substrate properties and soil-specific mineral-organic associations to optimize MAOC stabilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 106606"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling to evaluate permanent gully susceptibility and dominant controlling factors analysis in the black soil region of Northeast China","authors":"Hongyue Wang ,&nbsp;Ruixiang Liu ,&nbsp;Yantun Song,&nbsp;Yating Wang,&nbsp;Chongfa Cai,&nbsp;Junguang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Permanent gully caused by high-intensity agricultural activities and water erosion have severely degraded croplands in the Northeast China, a global critical black soil regions. The precise differential characteristics of the primary factors contributing to the formation of permanent gully across diverse regions and at varying scales remain unclear. It is necessary to select representative regions and scale effect models to reveal dominant factors and their influencing scales. This study selected certain permanent gully influencing factors and built three models (CF, ME, and CNN) to identify dominant controlling factors of permanent gully and assess susceptibility. ME and CNN models revealed drainage density and distance to rivers as primary drivers, distinguishing this region from others. These factors represent the degree of hydrological connectivity and energy accumulation, which trigger the occurrence and development of permanent gully when reaching a threshold value. CF model highlighted areas within specific distance to rivers and drainage density threshold are more susceptible to gully erosion. Evaluation using ROC curves showed the CNN model outperformed ME model (AUC = 0.83) and CF model (AUC = 0.77), attributed to its ability to integrate multi-scale environmental factors. The gully erosion susceptibility mapping also revealed high-risk areas in the watershed, which were mostly found in the drainage density of 0.42–0.51 km/km² and distance of 2244 m to rivers. These research results assist in preventing permanent gully to protect land resources health and underscore the importance of prioritizing high-risk areas for conservation efforts, such as implementing vegetation buffers to mitigate the development of permanent gully.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 106595"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143833477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The responses of soil erosion resistance to the farmland abandonment of bedding/inverse slopes in karst trough valley","authors":"Lisha Jiang ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Tan ,&nbsp;Yuanyue Xia ,&nbsp;Fengling Gan ,&nbsp;Xiuying Xu ,&nbsp;Junbing Pu ,&nbsp;Youjin Yan ,&nbsp;Yuchuan Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil erosion resistance, a critical parameter for assessing soil erosion, is influenced by farmland abandonment and bedrock strata dips through modifying soil properties and root traits. However, the influence of abandoned farmland on soil erosion resistance in karst trough valleys featuring bedding and inverse slopes as well as unique geological structures remains unclear. Therefore, to further explore the influence of bedrock strata dip and farmland abandonment on soil erosion resistance, we conducted scouring flume experiments involving 2 types of farmlands and abandoned farmlands, 2 bedrock strata dips, and 3 flow discharges (60, 80, and 100 L·min⁻¹). The results indicated that following farmland abandonment, the soil organic matter content, bulk density, and water-stable aggregates significantly increased, and they presented higher values on inverse slope than on bedding slope. The rill erodibility (<em>K</em>_<em>r</em>) of farmland on bedding and inverse slopes were 35.45 times and 14.88 times greater, respectively, than those of abandoned farmland. Moreover, <em>K</em>_<em>r</em> was significantly and negatively correlated with soil organic matter, bulk density, and water-stable aggregates. Furthermore, the impact of soil properties on <em>K</em>_<em>r</em> exceeded that of root traits, suggesting that enhancing soil quality is the key to strengthening soil erosion resistance. Therefore, in regions where soil erosion is severe, there should be an active response to returning farmland to grassland and devising reasonable agricultural production strategies to improve land use efficiency and strengthen soil erosion resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 106577"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143829003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substituting soybean for summer maize with optimal nitrogen fertilization enhances subsequent wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency in semi-humid regions","authors":"Haiqiang Luo ,&nbsp;Gaoxiang Liu ,&nbsp;Tianxiang Qi ,&nbsp;Nan Cui ,&nbsp;Binglin Xie ,&nbsp;Yingzhou Xiang ,&nbsp;Enke Liu ,&nbsp;Medelbek Meruyert ,&nbsp;Ansabayeva Assiya ,&nbsp;Zhikuan Jia ,&nbsp;Kadambot H.M. Siddique ,&nbsp;Peng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leguminous crops are beneficial for enhancing crop yields and agricultural sustainability. However, the impacts of legume crops with optimal nitrogen (N) fertilization on the subsequent crop yield and N use efficiency (NUE) are unclear. Thus, a two-year field experiment was conducted to explore the effects of three cropping systems (FW: fallow–wheat, SW: soybean–wheat, and MW: maize–wheat) and three N fertilization rates (N0: 0 kg N ha^–1, N1: 125 kg N ha^–1, and N2: 225 kg N ha^–1) on the soil N accumulation, grain yield (GY), and N utilization during the winter wheat season in a semi-humid region. Our findings showed that the soil N accumulation, dry matter accumulation (DMA), GY, and NUE were highest for wheat under SW, where the GY and NUE for winter wheat were 19.29 % and 46.42 % higher than the average values under FW and MW, respectively (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In addition, the soil N accumulation and GY for winter wheat both increased significantly under FW and MW as the N fertilization rate increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). However, with SW, there was no significant (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05) difference in the winter wheat GY under SWN1 compared with SWN2, but the residual soil N (NO₃^–-N and NH₄⁺-N) decreased by 16.59 % and NUE increased by 76.19 %. In conclusion, SW combined with reduced N fertilization in a double-cropping system can enhance the subsequent winter wheat yield and NUE in semi-humid regions by increasing the accumulation and supply of soil N.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 106594"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143833478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of forest-to-agriculture conversion on soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the Western Black Sea Region","authors":"Şahin Palta ,&nbsp;Elif Tokel ,&nbsp;Eren Baş ,&nbsp;Tancredo Souza","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effects of forest-to-farmland and forest-to-rangeland conversion on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) biodiversity and soil properties in Ultisols of the Western Black Sea Region, Turkey. Using a factorial design with three land-use types (forest, rangeland, and conventional tillage) and two soil depths (0–15 cm and 15–30 cm), we analysed soil samples for AMF community composition, species richness, spore abundance, and key soil hydro-physical and chemical properties. Our results revealed significant shifts in AMF biodiversity associated with land-use change (p &lt; 0.01). A total of 35 AMF species were identified, with the highest species richness (11.32 species), Simpson index (0.91), Shannon index (2.64), and Hurlbert’s PIE (0.91) observed in forest soils at 0–15 cm depth. In contrast, rangeland at 15–30 cm depth showed the highest spore abundance (491 spores 50 g⁻¹ soil), while conventional tillage at 15–30 cm had the highest Pielou index (0.86), indicating distinct ecological adaptations across land-use types. Forest soils were dominated by <em>Racocetra coralloidea</em> and <em>Glomus</em> sp., whereas rangeland soils exhibited greater frequency of <em>Acaulospora</em> sp. (27 %), <em>A. scrobiculata</em> (19 %), and <em>Rhizophagus intraradices</em> (14 %). In conventionally tilled soils, <em>Glomus</em> sp. (32 %) and <em>Claroideoglomus etunicatum</em> (21 %) were most prevalent, with lower overall AMF diversity, highlighting the negative impact of intensive soil disturbance. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) demonstrated strong interdependencies between soil physical and chemical properties and AMF community dynamics. Forest conversion to rangeland and farmland led to significant reductions in AMF diversity, particularly at the surface layer (0–15 cm), where habitat simplification and soil disturbance negatively affected symbiotic interactions. Our findings emphasize the importance of sustainable land management practices, such as reduced tillage and organic amendments, to mitigate AMF biodiversity loss and preserve soil ecosystem functions. Future research should explore the resilience of AMF communities under varying land-use scenarios to guide effective conservation and agricultural strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 106581"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertical dynamics of soil organic carbon sequestration under contrasting groundwater table levels after 35-year straw return","authors":"Shuai Liu ,&nbsp;Yue Dong ,&nbsp;Milton Halder ,&nbsp;Samuel Adingo ,&nbsp;Lichu Yin ,&nbsp;Hu. Zhou ,&nbsp;Yan Ma ,&nbsp;Xinhua Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Various groundwater table levels in paddy soil aggravate the complexity of soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration under redox conditions. We investigated a long-term experimental field consisting of two groundwater tables (SWT, shallow groundwater table; DWT, deep groundwater table) and three straw application rates (NPK, without straw return; LOM, low rate of straw return; HOM, high rate of straw return). Soil samples from 0–10, 10–20 and 20–40 cm soil layers were collected and analyzed. Results revealed that SOC fraction contents significantly decreased with increasing soil depth, while SOC stability showed an opposite trend (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In the 0–20 cm soil layer, straw return increased SOC fraction concentrations, resulting in higher C stocks. In the 20–40 cm soil layer, a significant decrease in SOC was explained by remarkable MOC reduction with straw addition under SWT (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), whereas no significant changes were observed under DWT. Relative to NPK, straw application notably increased the proportions of O-alkyl C and Carbonyl C under SWT and DWT in topsoil layer, respectively (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In the deep soil layer, straw addition increased Aromatic C but decreased O-alkyl C proportions under SWT, resulting in higher aromaticity and hydrophobicity (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), while contrasting changing patterns were observed under DWT when compared to NPK. Hierarchical clustering analysis indicated that soil properties and SOC dynamics were primarily determined by straw return under SWT, while mainly driven by soil depth under DWT. This study highlights the importance of understanding the dynamics of SOC throughout the whole profile to groundwater table management. A preferable straw return strategy is proposed for different groundwater management based on the trade-off between economic and environmental benefits. A lower straw return amount was suggested under SWT from an economic perspective, whereas a higher straw return amount was recommended under DWT treatment for the higher increase of SOC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 106580"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143823264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction effects of organic mulch application rates and rainfall intensities on soil and water loss in karst sloping farmlands: Insights from a laboratory simulation experiment","authors":"Panpan Wu ,&nbsp;Rui Li ,&nbsp;Feiyang Cai ,&nbsp;Ling Xiong ,&nbsp;Zhengyi Tang ,&nbsp;Linlv Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sloping farmland constitutes the primary source of soil and water loss in Southwest China. However, research and practice on organic mulching, one of the key soil and water conservation measures, have been relatively limited in karst regions. The questions of whether there are significant differences in the effectiveness of various types for organic mulches in diminishing runoff and sediment on karst sloping farmlands, and whether the interactions between organic application rates and rainfall significantly influence runoff and sediment loss, have not been systematically addressed. Therefore, the study employs simulation experiments to investigate the influence of six application rates (0 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, and 70 %) of litter, straw, and biochar under three rainfall intensities (30, 60 and 90 mm/h) for soil and water loss in karst sloping farmlands. A regression model was used to analyze the relationships between rainfall, application rates, interaction terms, and the runoff yield rate (<em>Rr</em>) and sediment yield rate (<em>Sr</em>). The results indicated that <em>Rr</em> and <em>Sr</em> decrease with increasing application rates and increased with prolonged rainfall duration. Runoff and sediment reduction efficiencies (<em>R</em>RE<!--> <!--> and <em>S</em>RE<!--> <!-->) rose with higher application rates, and the effectiveness (p &lt; 0.05) of the three organic mulches on <em>Rr</em> and <em>Sr</em> varied significantly. The <em>R</em>RE<!--> <!--> and <em>S</em>RE<!--> <!--> for litter were the highest (44.05 %, 81.27 %), followed by straw (34.00 %, 46.53 %), while biochar had the lowest (31.63 %, 35.11 %), and <em>R</em>RE<!--> <!--> consistently exceeded the <em>S</em>RE<!--> <!-->. Interaction terms significantly affected the <em>Rr</em> and <em>Sr</em> of litter and biochar (p &lt; 0.05) but did not have a significant impact on straw (p &gt; 0.05). Considering these findings and the cultivation characteristics of karst sloping farmland, and along with the availability and cost, straw is recommended for agricultural practices. This study provides a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for agronomic tillage practices and soil loss control in karst sloping farmlands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 106574"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-season temporal variability of soil carbon and nitrogen pools after half a century of a tillage and crop rotation gradient","authors":"Noelymar Gonzalez-Maldonado ,&nbsp;Leonardo Deiss ,&nbsp;Faheem Ali ,&nbsp;Steve W. Culman","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reduced soil disturbance and diversified crop rotations are practices that can enhance organic matter and soil health. Understanding how these practices influence seasonal soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) variability during the growing season is critical for agroecosystem sustainability. We assessed temporal dynamics of soil C and N pools at six sampling dates over a maize (<em>Zea mays L.</em>) growing season, in a 55-year tillage and crop rotation experiment on silt loam and clay loam alfisols. Crop rotation had a more consistent effect than tillage on soil C and N pools (0–20 cm depth), with the most diverse rotation increasing soil organic carbon (SOC), permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC), mineralizable carbon (Min C), total nitrogen (TN), autoclaved-citrate extractable (ACE) protein, inorganic N at both sites. No-Till increased C and N pools in the clay loam, but not in the silt loam soil. In general, fractions of C (POXC and Min C) and N (ACE protein and inorganic N) were more seasonally variable than total pools (SOC and TN). Despite temporal variation, tillage and rotation effects remained mostly consistent throughout the growing season, except for Min C which values decreased, and treatment differences diminished as the season progressed. Our findings suggest that 1) crop diversification with perennials enhances soil C and N regardless of soil type or tillage; 2) long-term No-Till has stronger effects in clay loam than silt loam soils, and 3) although C and N pools vary seasonally, long-term management effects persist throughout the growing season.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 106566"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143817515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}