Soil & Tillage Research最新文献

{"title":"Co-reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer inputs reduced nutrient losses and maintained crop yield in a rice-oilseed rape rotation system","authors":"Haodong Zhang ,&nbsp;Ning Su ,&nbsp;Gongwen Luo ,&nbsp;Zhi Peng ,&nbsp;Xizhe Luo ,&nbsp;Sihai Qin ,&nbsp;Mengjiao Huang ,&nbsp;Chang Tian ,&nbsp;Xiangmin Rong ,&nbsp;Guixian Xie ,&nbsp;Jun Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106827","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106827","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address environmental pollution from agricultural non-point sources, it is feasible to reduce nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P) inputs in farmland ecosystems. However, the combined effects of simultaneously reducing both N and P fertilizers remain unclear. Hence, we carried out a two-year field experiment (2020–2022) in the Dongting Lake region, China, to examine the impact of decreasing N and P fertilizer inputs on the soil properties, N and P runoff losses, and grain yields under rice-oilseed rape rotation in southern China. Compared to traditional management (rice, 210 kg N ha⁻¹ and 105 kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹; oilseed rape, 180 kg N ha⁻¹ and 90 kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹), the 10–30 % reduction in N and P inputs decreased total N runoff losses by 19.2–48.7 % (rice seasons; 3.12–7.92 kg ha⁻¹) and 26.1–58.1 % (oilseed rape seasons; 1.17–2.61 kg ha⁻¹), and total P losses by 35.5–59.7 % (rice seasons; 0.95–1.59 kg ha⁻¹) and 30.3–58.5 % (oilseed rape seasons; 0.20–0.38 kg ha⁻¹). Moreover, grain yields were maintained despite nutrient input reductions. The partial least square structural equation model showed that the soil total N, soil available N, and soil available P positively affected the grain yields, while the N and P runoff losses had a significant negative effect on the grain yields. In conclusion, the reduction of N and P fertilizer by 30 % achieved optimal outcomes, effectively reducing environmental risks while maintaining agricultural productivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 106827"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of anionic polyacrylamide on structural characteristics and dissolved organic carbon stability of calcareous soils","authors":"Yan Wang ,&nbsp;Xiangjun Pei ,&nbsp;Xiaochao Zhang ,&nbsp;Qi Li ,&nbsp;Jinghua Wu ,&nbsp;Qiang Li ,&nbsp;Qi Wei ,&nbsp;Yu Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106825","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106825","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) is crucial in improving calcareous soil structure and preventing soil erosion. It is still unknown, however, how it influences soil structure and how it alters the stability of dissolved organic matter (DOM). This study investigated the effects of APAM addition on soil aggregate stability, pore characteristics, and DOM optical properties using a multiscale experimental approach. Increasing APAM addition significantly increased the mean geometric diameter, a measure of soil aggregate water stability, by 0.14–0.87 mm. The proportion of small pores (5–30 μm) and interconnected porosity also increased significantly, by 23.40–34.88 % and 4.41–6.87 %, respectively, enhancing soil stability and water retention. APAM also significantly reduced aromaticity of DOM and microbial-derived DOM release, decreasing SUVA₂₅₄ from 2.01 to 0.49–0.61 and the Fmax of microbial-derived DOM from 1.12 to 0.58–0.83. Further analysis based on RDA and PLS-PM models revealed that APAM primarily mitigates the release of microbial-derived DOM by enhancing soil physical protection, ultimately increasing the DOM storage capacity of calcareous soils. This study provides practical evidence for the application of APAM to amend calcareous soils to improve soil structural stability and organic carbon storage capacity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 106825"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing irrigation and nitrogen rates for sustainable wheat production: Balancing yield and nitrate leaching in a 7-year field study","authors":"Haoran Li ,&nbsp;Bin Jia ,&nbsp;Hongguang Wang ,&nbsp;Dongxiao Li ,&nbsp;Qin Fang ,&nbsp;Jianning He ,&nbsp;Xiaokang Lv ,&nbsp;Ruiqi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106822","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106822","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Integrated irrigation and nitrogen management strategies enhance wheat productivity while mitigating soil nitrate-nitrogen accumulation through optimized water-N synergies. This study conducted a 7-year split-plot experiment to evaluate three irrigation regimes—no irrigation (W0), 60 mm at jointing (W1), and 60 mm at jointing plus anthesis (W2)—under three N rates: 0 (N0), 120 (N1), and 240 kg ha⁻¹ (N2). The results showed that continuous N0 application significantly reduced soil total nitrogen by 18.9–20.3 % and organic matter by 10.4–13.1 % at 0–20 cm depth compared to the baseline levels, whereas N1 and N2 maintained soil fertility over time. Yield gains under the high-input W2N2 treatment exceeded those under W2N0 by 4.8–71.2 % over the seven seasons, primarily driven by nitrogen-induced increases in spike numbers. However, delayed sowing in 2017–2018 nullified the advantages of high irrigation and nitrogen inputs. While W2N2 achieved the highest yield in most seasons, its superiority over W2N1 was statistically significant in only three seasons. Water productivity (WP) increased with irrigation intensity, peaking at 19.00 kg hm⁻² mm⁻¹ under W2N2, with W1 and W2 consistently outperforming W0. Similarly, nitrogen application improved WP, though nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) declined with higher N rates—a decline partially mitigated by irrigation. Environmental assessments revealed that irrigation accelerated nitrate-nitrogen leaching to deeper soil layers (140–200 cm). The N2 rate exceeded crop nitrogen uptake capacity, causing substantial nitrate-nitrogen accumulation throughout the 0–200 cm profile. Crucially, W2N1 achieved yield stability comparable to W2N2 in multiple seasons but reduced deep-layer (140–200 cm) nitrate-nitrogen accumulation by 37 % compared to N2. Therefore, moderate nitrogen application at 120 kg ha⁻¹ (N1) combined with dual-stage irrigation (W2) emerges as the optimal strategy for North China plain wheat systems. This approach sustains high productivity and water-nitrogen use efficiency while significantly curbing environmental risks associated with nitrate leaching and accumulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 106822"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144889985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Double cropping and tillage intensity in continuous wheat agroecosystems have variable impacts on soil hydrologic and physical properties","authors":"Perejitei E. Bekewe ,&nbsp;Joseph A. Burke ,&nbsp;Jamie L. Foster ,&nbsp;Katie L. Lewis ,&nbsp;Haly L. Neely ,&nbsp;Clark B. Neely ,&nbsp;Lauren E. Tomlin ,&nbsp;Brandon Gerrish ,&nbsp;Thomas W. Boutton","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conservation management practices such as no-tillage (NT) and cover cropping are vital to sustainable agricultural intensification. The Southern Great Plains is one of the largest wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> L.) production regions in the U.S. Typical wheat production systems there and other thermic and hyperthermic regions generally employ conventional tillage (CT) and summer fallow. Over time, these practices can degrade soil physical properties. In this study, we determined the effects of NT and summer double cropping systems on infiltration, runoff, soil water dynamics, and water stable aggregates (WSA). Research was conducted for five years (2016 −2020) at three locations (Beeville, Lubbock, and Thrall, Texas, USA), which represent three distinct ecoregions (Coastal Plains, Southern High Plains, and Blackland Prairie). Three tillage systems (NT, strip tillage (ST), or CT) and five summer double crops (cowpea [<em>Vigna unguiculata</em> (L.) Walp.], sesame [<em>Sesamum indicum</em> L.], sorghum [<em>Sorghum bicolor</em> (L.) Moench], fallow, or a seven-species cover crop mixture) were evaluated in continuous wheat cropping systems. Tillage and Double Crop had minimal to no effect on infiltration, runoff rates, or WSA, suggesting that soil physical improvements from conservation adoption in thermic regions might need longer to manifest than five years. Conversely, soil water was greater with NT in Thrall and Lubbock, but with CT in Beeville, indicating that improvements in soil hydrological properties can vary by soil type and ecoregion. Agricultural producers should consider these varying impacts when adopting double cropping or tillage conservation practices in thermic and hyperthermic wheat production systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 106826"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144889984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of maize and white lupine mixed culture on soil microbial properties, nutrient cycling, and biomass yield and quality: Insights for sustainable soil management practices","authors":"Jiri Holatko ,&nbsp;Antonin Kintl ,&nbsp;Tereza Hammerschmiedt ,&nbsp;Jiri Kucerik ,&nbsp;Adnan Mustafa ,&nbsp;Vladimir Smutny ,&nbsp;Oldrich Latal ,&nbsp;Tivadar Baltazar ,&nbsp;Pavel Nerusil ,&nbsp;Ondrej Malicek ,&nbsp;Martin Brtnicky","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106824","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106824","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intercropping maize with legume is a beneficial farming practice to enhance nutrient use efficiency, among other advantages. The interaction between legume and non-legume rhizobiomes increases soil microbial abundance and stimulates activities related to nutrient acquisition. However, planting patterns in intercropping systems can influence the soil microbial properties of the particular cash crop row. In particular, limited attention has been paid to the dynamics of microbiome-mediated nutrient transformation in strip intercropping systems, especially those with narrow-strip arrangements. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the effects of maize (<em>Zea mays</em> L.) and white lupine (<em>Lupinus albus</em> L.) on soil pH and microbial activity in a narrow-strip mixed cropping system comparing them with each other and with a maize monoculture control. A three-year field experiment (mall-scale-plots) was conducted to monitor long-term changes in microbial parameters. Soil pH, the activities of six soil enzymes and three types of substrate-induced respiration were determined annually to assess microbial responses to intercropping over time. Across all three years (2020–2022), the soil from the white lupine row in the intercropping system consistently showed the highest levels of substrate-induced respiration and tendency to increase soil pH(CaCl₂), under initially moderately alkaline conditions. In 2020, enzyme activity in the white lupine row was the most inhibited, while in 2021 it exhibited the weakest phosphorus-limitation, indicating improved phosphorous use efficiency due to maize-legume intercropping. In the same year, the maize row in the intercropping system showed the highest activities of nitrogen-transforming enzymes such as urease and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase, coupled with highest nitrogen acquisition ratio. By 2022, both maize and white lupine rows stimulated N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase and arylsulfatase activity, indicating enhanced nitrogen cycling potential. Although maize-white lupine intercropping demonstrated partially beneficial impacts on soil microbial activity and nutrient transformation within a single growing season, no significant differences in biomass yield were observed between the intercropped and monoculture maize treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 106824"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144885377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long slope erosion-deposition patterns under different tillage systems driven by multiple erosion forces in the Chinese Mollisol region","authors":"Hongqiang Shi ,&nbsp;Fenli Zheng ,&nbsp;Jiaying Sheng ,&nbsp;Xinyue Yang ,&nbsp;Rui Liang ,&nbsp;Lei Wang ,&nbsp;Ximeng Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106821","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106821","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The special geographic characteristics coupled with unreasonable tillage activity and coexistent multiple erosive forces (rainfall, snowmelt, and wind) induce severe soil erosion in the Mollisol region of Northeast China. However, the studies on long slope erosion-deposition patterns under different tillage systems driven by multiple erosion forces are rare. Therefore, this study was to identify the effects of flat tillage (non-ridge tillage, FT), longitudinal wide-ridge tillage (LWT), and traditional longitudinal ridge tillage (LRT) practices on the spatial patterns of long slope erosion-deposition and sediment transport along the three natural long slopes with 320 m slope length by using Rare Earth Elements (REE) tracing method during the rainfall, snowmelt and wind erosion periods. Soil erosion rates driven by rainfall, snowmelt and wind were 1678.5–2558.5 t km⁻² a⁻¹ for the FT, 1089.0–1468.9 t km⁻² a⁻¹ for the LWT and 181.9–314.4 t km⁻² a⁻¹ for the LRT, respectively, in which the sediment yield with the FT, LWT and LRF driven by rainfall and snowmelt accounted for 88.0 %-96.4 % of the total sediment yield. During the rainfall erosion period, the erosion regime was dominated on the slopes with these three tillage practices, whereas deposition only occurred at the slope toe. For the FT, 73.6 % of the sediment mass was deposited at the 0–120 m slope length. A total of 50.7 % of the sediment was deposited at the 0–80 m slope length with the furrows of LWT, whereas all the sediment was transported out of the entire slope with the furrows of LRT practice. During the snowmelt erosion period, a spatial pattern with erosion-deposition alternations was observed for the FT and LWT, whereas the erosion regime dominated on the slope with the LRT practice. During the wind erosion period, there were evident periodical changes with strong-weak alternations for all three tillage practices. The findings of this study served as a scientific reference for implementing precise soil conservation measures for controlling compound soil erosion in the Chinese Mollisol region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 106821"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144885376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using X-ray computed tomography to assess changes in soil structure and pore space of Retisol upper horizons during compaction by logging equipment","authors":"Sofia A. Ogorodniaia ,&nbsp;Konstantin N. Abrosimov ,&nbsp;Alexey A. Dymov","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106798","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106798","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the alterations in pore space morphology resulting from modern harvesting activities. The explored plots are located in the middle taiga zone, Komi Republic, near the city of Syktyvkar. The pre-harvest ecosystem was characterized by a coniferous-deciduous forest and the original soils were identified as Albic Retisols. Logging was conducted in December when the top 10 cm of soil were frozen. Sampling was carried out in an undisturbed felling area and in the skidding trails subjected to three and ten forwarder passes. Additionally, a plot that underwent ten passes followed by rut levelling was examined. Soil micromonoliths from upper mineral horizons were collected from every treatment and analysed using X-ray computed tomography. The grayscale images obtained from the scans were segmented, and the resulting data were quantitatively analysed. The findings reveal sensitivity of total and especially air-filled porosity to the number of forwarder passes. Three passes resulted in the compression of air-filled pores without expressed destruction of the soil profile structure. Ten passes led to an unsignificant compaction comparing to the three-pass treatment, but caused mixing of the upper mineral horizons and the forest litter. Therefore, the pore space geometry underwent substantial modification. The soil structure at this treatment can be described as massive, characterized by numerous newly formed small closed pores replacing larger horizontally oriented ones. Levelling of skidding trails facilitated soil loosening which was evidenced by the analysis of greyscale and pore size distribution images and calculated data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 106798"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144885444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil hydraulic properties derived from pore-scale simulations: Digital assessment of Ksat through model intercomparison and verification with experimental data","authors":"Kirill M. Gerke ,&nbsp;Siarhei Khirevich ,&nbsp;Roman V. Vasilyev ,&nbsp;Marina V. Karsanina ,&nbsp;Aminat B. Umarova ,&nbsp;Luis Alfredo Pires Barbosa ,&nbsp;Dmitry V. Korost ,&nbsp;Kirill D. Tolstygin ,&nbsp;Dirk Mallants ,&nbsp;Horst H. Gerke","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106790","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106790","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The saturated soil hydraulic conductivity, &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;K&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;a&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;t&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, controls infiltration, storage, and redistribution of water in soils and often serves as an “anchor” at water saturation for the description of unsaturated soil hydraulic properties. However, experimental determination of soil hydraulic properties poses numerous problems that have potential to be effectively solved by using pore-scale simulations. This modeling technology requires further developments to serve as a robust substitute for or complement to conventional measurements in routine soil property surveys. The three major limitations preventing pore-scale modeling from becoming widely used include: (1) imaging resolution limitations for obtaining multi-scale images of soil structure with the necessary spatial resolution that capture the inherently hierarchical nature of soil structure; (2) highly uncertain segmentation procedures of pore-scale models prohibit the accurate processing of soil structure images to obtain the spatial distribution of soil constituents; and (3) the high computational demands of pore-scale modeling to numerically simulate flow processes for obtaining homogenized soil physical properties. We are at a technical development point where most if not all these limitations can be efficiently solved and a significant step forward in soil property evaluations can be made. In this work, we aim to demonstrate recent advances in pore-scale modeling by simulating saturated hydraulic conductivity (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;K&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;a&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;t&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) of samples taken from three horizons (A, Ah, and B) from a Haplic Greyzem soil, based on X-ray computed tomography (XCT) images. We apply a new segmentation technique accounting for organic matter classification uncertainty which either merges the organic phase with the pores (named high porosity images) or the solids (named low porosity images). Three pore-scale modeling techniques are compared: finite difference solution of the Stokes equation, lattice Boltzmann method, and pore-network models. Verifying simulated &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;K&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;a&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;t&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; values against field measurements illustrated a significant overestimation of the field data by all three modeling techniques (based on two subsamples and across different method simulations; only simulation results with best agreement are shown): (1) for the A horizon experimental &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;K&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;a&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;t&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; was 53 ± 50.71 cm/day compared to simulated values from 103 to 521 cm/day (based on high porosity images), (2) for the Ah horizon experimental &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;K&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;a&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;t&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; was 432 ± 135.15 cm/day comp","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 106790"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144885443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation pathways of physical crusts on seasonal dynamics of soil detachment capacity under different ridging patterns","authors":"Jianhui Zeng ,&nbsp;Zhonglu Guo ,&nbsp;Dongyao Li ,&nbsp;Yujie Wei ,&nbsp;Fujun Liu ,&nbsp;Chongfa Cai ,&nbsp;Siyang Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106823","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106823","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil detachment capacity (<em>D</em>_<em>c</em>) is a critical factor in soil erosion, yet seasonal dynamics of crust soils and their impacts on <em>D</em>_<em>c</em> remain inadequately understood. To address this gap, seasonal dynamics of physical soil crusts (PSCs) and their spatiotemporal interactions with <em>D</em>_<em>c</em> were investigated using two experimental plots (10 m × 3 m) with longitudinal and contour ridging under natural conditions from May to September 2023. Herein, PSCs were further categorized into structural and sedimentary crusts, respectively. <em>D</em>_<em>c</em> was measured through hydraulic flume experiments with a fixed slope (5°) and constant flow discharge (10 L·min⁻¹). Results showed that contour ridging facilitated organic matter accumulation, increased surface roughness and increased crust thickness by 0.028 cm compared to longitudinal ridging. However, it also disrupted soil aggregate stability in structural soil crusts, resulting in a 5.5 % reduction in the geometric mean diameter (<em>GMD</em>) and an increase of 12.03 % in clay content. In contrast, longitudinal ridging improved shear strength (19.93 kPa) but exhibited a more pronounced particle sorting effect. Bulk density of crusts increased 6.89 % and decreased 5.22 % under contour ridging and longitudinal ridging, respectively. Silt was enriched in the crust layer under both ridging conditions. <em>D</em>_<em>c</em> decreased by an average of 78.57 % within the progression of crust development from May to September. Compared to longitudinal ridging, <em>D</em>_<em>c</em> of structural crusts and sedimentary crusts under contour ridging increased by 125.45 % and 69.75 %, respectively. Duration of crusts development controlled the evolution of <em>D</em>_<em>c</em> by regulating key parameters such as crusts thickness. Among these, Crust thickness and <em>GMD</em> emerged as crucial parameters to evaluate the soil properties in rill erodibility modeling. Contour ridging demonstrated the potential to mitigate soil erosion and water loss by promoting PSCs formation and intercepting sediment in furrow. Re-ridging was recommended during the initial stage of contour ridging, whereas soil and water conservation measures should be seasonally adapted under longitudinal ridging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 106823"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144878894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A practical method for estimating liming requirements based on soil chemical attributes and limestone composition","authors":"Silvino Guimarães Moreira ,&nbsp;Josias Reis Flausino Gaudencio ,&nbsp;Flávio Araújo de Moraes ,&nbsp;Everton Geraldo de Morais ,&nbsp;Devison Souza Peixoto ,&nbsp;Hugo Carneiro de Resende ,&nbsp;Júnior Cézar Resende Silva ,&nbsp;Otávio Lopes Vieira Campos","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106816","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106816","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The main limitations of tropical soils for food production are high acidity and low nutrient levels. When acidity is not properly corrected, root development is restricted, reducing crop yields, particularly under drought conditions in rainfed systems. Liming is essential not only for improving yields but also for enhancing crop resilience to water deficits, especially when amendments are incorporated into deeper soil layers. However, conventional methods often underestimate limestone requirements when aiming for subsoil pH correction. Given the relationship between soil pH and Ca and Mg-saturation in the cation exchange capacity (CEC) at pH 7.0, this study aimed to determine the optimal Ca and Mg proportions in the CEC required to achieve 95 % relative yield (RY) of annual crops, and to propose a method for estimating limestone requirements. Seven field experiments were conducted over four years, with varying limestone rates incorporated to 0–0.40 m. Soil pH showed a significant negative correlation with potential acidity and positive correlations with Ca and Mg-saturation at both 0–0.20 and 0.20–0.40 m depths. Critical Ca levels for 95 % RY were 4.1 cmolc dm⁻³ (0–0.20 m) and 1.9 cmolc dm⁻³ (0.20–0.40 m), while critical Mg levels were 2.0 and 1.0 cmolc dm⁻³ , respectively. Grain yield data indicated that 95 % RY was achieved at approximately 60 % Ca and 29 % Mg-saturation in the 0–0.20 m layer, and 39 % Ca and 20 % Mg in the 0.20–0.40 m layer. A target of 60 % Ca-saturation was adopted for a new liming rate calculation method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49503,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Tillage Research","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 106816"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144865111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}