Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Experimental investigation of vibration characteristics and excess pore water pressures of offshore wind turbine with composite bucket foundation under seismic loading","authors":"Yang Yang ,&nbsp;Fayun Liang ,&nbsp;Zhouchi Yuan ,&nbsp;Qingxin Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109755","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109755","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Composite bucket foundation (CBF) is a new type of offshore wind turbine (OWT) foundation, which includes suction caisson, concrete beam-slab system and transition section. In light of the fact that the offshore wind farm might be situated within a high-seismic region, the existing research regarding the vibration characteristics and excess pore water pressure (EPWP) of OWT with CBF under seismic loading remains insufficient. In this paper, three groups of centrifugal shaking table tests were designed, including one free-field condition and two scaled OWT models with different lumped masses. The effect of seismic waves and lumped mass on the vibration characteristics and EPWP of OWT were investigated. The results show that as the mass of the superstructure increases, the inertial force under seismic action rises, leading to a more significant soil-structure interaction effect. Interestingly, the seismic response of the model with a greater mass is weaker than that of the model with a small mass. Given that larger-capacity turbines have greater mass, this finding can provide a reference for the replacement of smaller-capacity turbines in the future. The research results have certain guiding significance for the seismic design of OWT with CBFs and for understanding the influence of changes in the superstructure mass on the seismic performance of OWTs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 109755"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caisson-foundation system subjected to earthquake and wave: simulation, validation, and analysis","authors":"Linlu Zhou ,&nbsp;Lei Su ,&nbsp;Haizhi Liang ,&nbsp;Zhen Yan ,&nbsp;Peng Ju ,&nbsp;Xianzhang Ling","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Caisson quay walls are vulnerable to severe damage during earthquakes, and wave action is a critical factor in practical engineering. However, existing seismic studies on such structures frequently overlook wave influences. This study develops a two-dimensional finite element dynamic analysis model for a caisson-foundation system by introducing thin-layer elements to simulate the sliding behavior between the caisson and backfill, and employing a hydrodynamic boundary condition along with a one-way coupling approach to address fluid-structure-soil interactions. The model is validated from multiple perspectives using a centrifuge shake-table experiment. Subsequently, wave effects are incorporated, and the dynamic response of the caisson-foundation system subjected to earthquake and wave is analyzed. The results indicate that the phase relationship between seismic events and wave action significantly affects the caisson response. When a wave trough coincides with an earthquake, the coupling effect places the caisson under the most adverse operating conditions. The risk of instantaneous liquefaction of the seaside subsoil under extreme wave conditions may threaten caisson stability. The findings highlight that conventional seismic dynamic analysis methods for caisson quay walls, which neglect wave forces, may severely underestimate the failure risk of caissons in extreme marine environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 109756"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of strong ground motion duration on the seismic response and fragility of tunnels","authors":"Juncheng Wang,&nbsp;Yongxin Wu,&nbsp;Houle Zhang,&nbsp;Hualiang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to clarify the influence of ground motion duration on the seismic response of tunnels. We utilized significant duration as a measure to construct five sets of ground motion records featuring significant durations ranging from 10 s to 50 s. This approach facilitated a quantitative investigation into the effects of ground motion duration on tunnel response and fragility. Initially, the spectrum-compatible ground motion datasets corresponding to various durations were generated by selecting ground motion records based on a duration criterion and applying wavelet function superposition. Subsequently, a two-dimensional soil-tunnel system was developed, and the generated spectrum-compatible ground motions were input into this system for seismic response and fragility analyses. The results indicated that the generated spectrum-compatible ground motions exhibited high accuracy and effectively mitigated the impacts of the amplitude and shape of ground motion spectrum. As the duration increased, both the mean value and standard deviation of the tunnel's diameter deformation ratio significantly increased. This suggests that ground motion duration significantly affects tunnel response and that the associated damage mechanisms become increasingly complex. Moreover, when the seismic intensity was low, the tunnel remained in an elastic state, demonstrating a limited influence of duration. However, when the seismic intensity was sufficiently high, ground motions with longer durations could lead to more severe damage to the tunnel. The findings of this study underscore the critical importance of accounting for duration effects in assessing the seismic response and fragility of tunnels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 109757"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144902839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revolutionary tuned mass damper by carbon fiber powder based shear thickening fluid to realize adaptive stiffness and damping","authors":"Li Sun ,&nbsp;Tianqi Liang ,&nbsp;Meng Hou ,&nbsp;Xin Sha ,&nbsp;Chunwei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The tuned mass damper (TMD), as a classical passive vibration control method, have been widely applied to protect building structures from wind and earthquake-induced vibrations. However, conventional passive TMDs suffer from fixed spring and damping characteristics, limiting their adaptability to varying frequencies and excitation conditions. In this work, a novel nonlinear TMD is proposed by incorporating a carbon fiber powder-based shear thickening fluid (CFP-STF), whose frequency-dependent rheological properties extend the effective control bandwidth of the TMD. Based on the fixed-point theory, the CFP-STF based TMD design methodology with a simplified lumped mass model is proposed to optimize the vibration control performance. The analysis and comparison of the CFP-STF based TMD with the uncontrolled structure and two constant damping TMDs are carried out to demonstrate its advantages over traditional passive control methods. The results demonstrate that the CFP-STF-based TMD significantly enhances broadband vibration control performance and effectively mitigates the detuning effect observed in conventional systems. Furthermore, optimal vibration suppression requires tuning the rheological properties of the STF to match the dynamic and damping characteristics of the main structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 109732"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical modelling of ground-borne vibration from a metro tunnel embedded in saturated soil strata using a 2.5D fully-coupled formulation","authors":"Longxiang Ma ,&nbsp;Haijiang Zhu ,&nbsp;Yuqi Liu ,&nbsp;Ding Long ,&nbsp;Chenxi Xue ,&nbsp;Bolong Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109752","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109752","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although many metro tunnels are constructed in soil strata that are already saturated, the efficient and accurate modelling of ground-borne vibration from a metro tunnel embedded in saturated soil strata is still limited. Within this framework, this paper presents a 2.5D(two-and-a-half-dimensional) numerical model to calculate the ground-borne vibration from a metro tunnel embedded in saturated soil strata, which well represents the fully-coupled train-track-tunnel-soil system and takes the effect of groundwater into account. In this model, the soil mediums beneath the ground water table are modelled by fully saturated poroelastic mediums governed by Biot's theory, while the other soil mediums and the tunnel structure are modelled by single-phase elastic mediums governed by viscoelastic dynamics theory. In the meanwhile, the metro track is modelled as infinitely long Euler beams connecting the tunnel base structure through the distributed spring-damper elements representing the fasteners, and the train composed of several vehicles is modelled by multiple rigid bodies connected by spring and damping systems. The governing equations of the track-tunnel-soil system are first formulated in the framework of a 2.5D approach, and the moving train is then subsequently coupled to it to provide a dynamic response solution of the coupled train-track-tunnel-soil system. The proposed model is thoroughly validated by comparing its simulated results with the corresponding field measurements. Additionally, the importance of accounting for the liquid phase's impact on metro-train induced environmental vibration in saturated soil regions is clearly shown.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 109752"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic performance of a precast bridge pier with a novel externally assembled 3U energy dissipator (EA3UED): Experimental and analytical study","authors":"Rashad Al-Shaebi ,&nbsp;Ning Li ,&nbsp;Mohammed Al-Haaj ,&nbsp;Qahtan Al-Shami ,&nbsp;Mohammed Amer ,&nbsp;Ahmed Al-Olofi","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109726","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109726","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Precast Bridge Piers (PBPs) face challenges such as insufficient energy dissipation, flexure-shear coupling with complex load transfer, reducing their seismic resilience. This study introduces a novel External Assembled 3U Energy Dissipator (EA3UED), designed to overcome these inherent limitations and enhance the seismic performance of PBPs. The EA3UED is attached using a unique steel band to the pier, comprising three U-shaped components of high-strength steel. It provides multi-directional resistance and allows for post-earthquake inspection and replacement, offering a cost-efficient and maintainable solution. Experimental tests were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and compare the seismic performance of PBPs with and without EA3UEDs. Additionally, simplified analytical solutions were proposed to derive the initial, yield, and ultimate capacities, showing a good agreement with experimental data and proving effective for preliminary design and optimization. Results demonstrated that integrating the EA3UED on PBPs significantly enhances their seismic resilience. Compared to the conventional precast pier (P-NED), the EA3UED-equipped pier (P-EA3UED) exhibited improvements in lateral load capacity (28.03%), energy dissipation (86.88%), stiffness (30.0%), and residual displacement (64.54% reduction). The primary failure mode in P-EA3UED was yielding of the U-shaped component with less damage bottom column, while P-NED failed with severe damage in the lower column region. The EA3UED’s adaptable design suits both precast and new construction applications and offers a cost-effective solution, particularly in high seismic zones. The EA3UED integration on PBPs using the unique steel band improves seismic resilience without compromising constructability or cost-efficiency. This study confirms the EA3UED as a promising enhancement for seismic-resistant bridge design, contributing to safer and more resilient infrastructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 109726"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144893185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An efficient computational model for large-scale structures based on improved hippopotamus optimization and time-domain inversion","authors":"Siyuan Li ,&nbsp;Jing Li ,&nbsp;Jianyun Chen ,&nbsp;Qiang Xu ,&nbsp;Jiahui Guo ,&nbsp;Xiangyu Cao ,&nbsp;Pengfei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109735","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109735","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seismic safety assessment of large concrete dams necessitates comprehensive consideration of soil-structure interaction (SSI) effect. However, excessive computation time for soil-structure models limits seismic samples. Furthermore, the simplified homogeneous foundation assumption neglects joints and cracks, leading to large discrepancies between simulated and measured seismic responses. To address these issues, this study proposes an efficient computational model (hereafter termed the equivalent model) construction method based on time-domain foundation model identification using the improved Hippopotamus optimization algorithm (IHO-TFMI), with the core program being open-source. Specifically, this study establishes a surrogate foundation model with clear physical mechanisms at structural boundaries, then derives a response surface between foundation model parameters and structural response errors by integrating SSI mechanisms. The IHO is proposed for the solution space features of the objective function, ultimately yielding a precise equivalent model. Three case studies with varying complexity demonstrate the method's reliability. The results show that the constructed structural equivalent model achieves excellent agreement with the SSI model, with the MSE of time-history responses reduced below 0.01. Computationally, the 3D equivalent model reduces calculation time by 92 % and storage usage by 99.8 % compared to the SSI model. Meanwhile, IHO outperforms other optimizers in global search capability, and the self-developed TFMI program reduces optimization time from days (with direct FEM software calls) to minutes. In conclusion, the proposed method provides an efficient and accurate alternative to traditional large-scale complex foundation modeling, facilitating advancements in research requiring massive seismic sample iterations, particularly in seismic fragility analysis of large-scale structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 109735"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144893209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of particle shape and loading waveform on the dynamic properties of base materials in high-speed railway slab tracks: A discrete element analysis","authors":"Nazanin Mahbubi Motlagh ,&nbsp;Hamoun Alimoradi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Shamsi","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the dynamic behavior of base materials in high-speed railway slab tracks using a combined experimental and numerical approach. Cyclic triaxial tests under sinusoidal loading were performed to calibrate Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations. The effects of particle shape (high, medium, low aspect ratios) and loading waveforms (sinusoidal, triangular, rectangular) at varying frequencies were evaluated under drained conditions. Results show that higher loading frequencies-simulating faster train speeds-increased shear modulus, while lower frequencies enhanced energy dissipation and reduced stiffness, particularly at low shear strains. Rectangular loading produced greater stiffness and energy dissipation compared to sinusoidal and triangular forms. Power-law equations were developed to predict shear modulus and damping ratio based on shear strain, confining pressure, void ratio, particle shape, loading frequency and waveform. Micromechanical analysis showed that high-aspect ratio particles under rectangular loading exhibited the highest coordination numbers, contact forces, displacement, and rotation. Although higher aspect ratio intensified contact forces, it had a limited effect on the spatial distribution of force chains. These findings offer valuable insights for the design and performance evaluation of sub-ballast and base layers under dynamic loading, particularly in cases where in-situ testing is impractical.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 109751"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144893187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A fuzzy-controlled semiactive electromagnetic seismic isolation system for near-fault and far-field motions","authors":"Ging-Long Lin ,&nbsp;Chih-Shiuan Lin ,&nbsp;Chi-Chang Lin ,&nbsp;Tse-Chi Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109748","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109748","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional passive seismic isolation systems, with their fixed damping ratios, struggle to simultaneously address the isolation demands posed by near-fault and far-field ground motion. Although these systems demonstrate superior performance in reducing the absolute acceleration response under far-field ground motion, they can lead to excessive displacement in the isolation layer under near-fault ground motion, increasing the risk of system collision. To overcome this limitation, this study proposes a semiactive electromagnetic seismic isolation system (SA-EMSIS) featuring a continuously controllable damping ratio. A prototype of the SA-EMSIS was developed, and a fuzzy logic control algorithm was implemented to adaptively adjust damping in real time, aiming to preserve the isolation efficiency of the passive system during far-field events while effectively mitigating displacement during near-fault events. The fuzzy controller was further optimized using a multi-objective genetic algorithm to balance acceleration and displacement performance across different seismic inputs. Results from shaking table experiments agreed well with their counterparts in theoretical simulations, validating both the accuracy of the SA-EMSIS model and the reliability of the experimental setup. Compared with traditional passive systems, the SA-EMSIS provides more comprehensive seismic isolation, performing well across far-field, weak near-fault, and strong near-fault ground motion. This study highlights the integration of fuzzy logic control with a variable-damping electromagnetic system as a novel and effective approach for real-time semiactive isolation. The proposed approach demonstrates clear advantages in adaptability and control precision, offering a practical solution for protecting structures and equipment under diverse seismic hazards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 109748"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144893186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic behavior of buildings with tuned mass friction dampers optimized with a novel PSO-GWO hybrid algorithm","authors":"Salah Djerouni ,&nbsp;Reyes Garcia","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tuned mass friction dampers (TMFDs) are very effective at controlling the response of structures. However, the TMFDs’ parameters need to be optimized during design, which is complex if multi-degree of freedom systems (MDOF) and real ground motion records are adopted. This article examines numerically the effectiveness of TMFDs and tuned mass dampers (TMDs) at reducing the response of MDOF buildings subjected to seismic excitations. The design parameters of TMFDs and TMDs (mass, damping, frequency and friction coefficient) are first optimized by adopting a novel and efficient “hybrid” algorithm that combines a particle swarm optimization (PSO) and a grey wolf optimization (GWO). Next, four moment resisting frame buildings (3, 6, 9 and 12-stories) with a TMFD or a TMD device at the top floor are considered to derive the governing differential equations of motion. The displacement demand of the top floor is selected as a target of the objective function to be minimized. After the optimization, the four frame buildings with a TMFD/TMD device and counterpart non-controlled frames are subjected to 100 far-field and near-field (with/without pulse) earthquakes. The results show that, for equal masses, the TMFD control device can provide control performance comparable to the TMD device. For the 3,6 and 9-story buildings, the optimized TMD device reduces the displacement demand by an additional 10 % over counterpart buildings with an optimized TMFD. Conversely, for the 12-story frame, TMFD reduces the displacement demand by an additional 10 % over the TMD device. This suggests that TMFD devices are more effective in high-rise buildings. The stroke demand in the TMFD is generally superior to that provided by the TMD with respect to the displacement demand of a non-controlled building. This article contributes towards the development of more effective hybrid optimization design tools for passive control systems, which in turn is expected to promote their wider adoption in the design of controlled buildings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 109739"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}