Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering最新文献

{"title":"A geospatial model for site response complexity","authors":"Weiwei Zhan ,&nbsp;Laurie G. Baise ,&nbsp;James Kaklamanos","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One-dimensional (1D) site response models assume vertically incident SH waves propagating through laterally uniform soil layers. These assumptions, collectively referred to as the SH1D model, are widely used in site-specific ground motion predictions. However, many studies have demonstrated the limitations of 1D site-response analyses. The term “site response complexity” (SRC) refers to the degree of discrepancy between the observed empirical transfer function (ETF) and the theoretical transfer function (TTF) computed with SH1D modeling. We present a geospatial approach to estimate site response complexity using statistical and machine learning methods with globally or regionally available geospatial proxies. Our site response data are from 114 vertical seismometer arrays in Japan’s Kiban-Kyoshin network (KiK-net) used in Kaklamanos and Bradley (2018). The SRC data are calibrated according to the Thompson et al. (2012) taxonomy that relies on two parameters, <em>r</em> (Pearson’s correlation coefficient between the ETF and TTF) and <em>σ</em>_<em>i</em> (inter-event variability of the ETF). We examine 18 geospatial proxies associated with site stiffness, topography, basin, and saturation conditions. Using the geospatial proxies as explanatory variables, two sets of predictive models are developed: (a) linear regression models for predicting <em>r</em> and <em>σ</em>_<em>i</em>, separately, and (b) multiclass classification models for site response complexity. The regression results suggest that predicting <em>σ</em>_<em>i</em> has greater accuracy than predicting <em>r.</em> Our optimal SRC classification model uses the slope-based <em>V</em>_S30 (average shear-wave velocity in the upper 30 m), global sedimentary deposit thickness, and global water table depth as explanatory variables, and has classification accuracies of 0.66 and 0.65 against the training and testing datasets, respectively. We generate maps across Japan for <em>r</em>, <em>σ</em>_<em>i</em>, and SRC class, separately, which can provide first-order approximations of site response complexity, and exhibit clear patterns between SRC class and topography. We conclude that the geospatial modeling approach is promising for evaluating complexity in site response across broad regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 109282"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143427507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of non-structural components in the seismic reliability of concrete tunnel-form building structures: Multi-level and multi-objective approaches","authors":"Vahid Mohsenian ,&nbsp;Luigi Di-Sarno","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Concluding from a review of the existing technical literature, the tunnel-form system exhibits desirable seismic performance from a structural standpoint. However, effects of non-structural components on the overall system reliability have not been investigated in any study to date. Furthermore, the level of coordination between the damage states of structural and non-structural components in this system is not well understood. With the aim of eliminating potential ambiguities, the present study evaluates the seismic reliability of such system by considering both acceleration- and displacement-sensitive non-structural elements. By dividing input earthquakes into two categories of demand and capacity and simulating the building using the classical block diagram method, prerequisites are created for multi-level and multi-objective assessments. In this study, a relationship for estimating the seismic demand of acceleration-sensitive non-structural components under the desired hazard level for tunnel-form systems is proposed. Based on the results obtained from the analysis of 5- and 10-story models, non-structural components significantly affect the overall system reliability. In the demand approach, when the moderate damage state for non-structural components is considered, the reliability of immediate occupancy performance level decreases by 100 % in the system. In the capacity approach, considering the same level of damage in non-structural components, the reliability for life safety and collapse prevention performance levels in the system decreases by 100 %. The investigations indicate that there is insufficient coordination between damage states of structural and non-structural components in this system, and in achieving the target reliability, acceleration-sensitive non-structural components are among the main weaknesses of the system. In estimating the distribution of acceleration demand along the height of structures, the proposed relationship underestimates the actual values by at most 3 %, which provides a significantly better safety margin compared to the relationships currently specified in the seismic design code (which underestimate the actual demand by more than 50 %).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 109307"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143427506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on seismic response of elevated silo by coupling discrete-finite element method","authors":"Jia Chen ,&nbsp;Yonggang Ding ,&nbsp;Qikeng Xu ,&nbsp;Xuansheng Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The interaction of the various components of the column-supported silo (CSS) is affected by the complex dynamic interaction between the ensiled particles and the silo wall, as well as particle-particle interactions. To evaluate the seismic response of the CSS in the foodstuff storage and dock project in Shanghai Waigaoqiao, the Discrete-Finite Element (DE-FE) coupled method, considering additional mass, was developed to address dynamic horizontal pressure, displacement, stress, and overpressure distribution along the silo wall. In the proposed method, the dynamic pressure generated by the grain particle motion is simplified by using the additional mass matrix of the silo wall. Kinetic equations of particle-structure coupled systems are derived according to the physical characteristics and coupling boundary conditions of the additional mass. Parameter studies and design cases were conducted under horizontal input excitations with different seismic waves and acceleration peaks. The dynamic mechanical behavior indicates that the DE-FE method can provide an effective path for the analysis of particle-structure coupling systems on a large computational scale. The structure dynamic responses from the numerical model agree well with shaking table test results for different acceleration peaks, which verifies the numerical solutions. Numerical results show that the overpressure first increases and then decreases along the silo wall height, exhibiting a non-linear change trend. This indicates that the horizontal seismic action may be far less than specified in European Specification 8 for the silo top. The suggested values of the dynamic overpressure coefficient for controlling the deformation and cracking of the column-supported bottom are tabulated to facilitate the engineering applications of CSS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 109287"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143394442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil-monopile interaction assessment of offshore wind turbines with comprehensive subsurface modelling to earthquake and environmental loads of wind and wave","authors":"Faruk Elmas,&nbsp;Halil Murat Algin","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dynamic soil-structure interaction characteristics of MOWTs (monopile offshore wind turbines) constructed in complex ground conditions, including three-dimensional (3D) geomorphological variation, change of faults and geomorphological deformation, was investigated first time in literature with the presented paper using the finite element (FE) analyses. The FE models are built utilizing the robust image processing technique based on the data obtained from seismic profile field survey to incorporate complex sedimentological and seismostratigraphical evidences. In the 3D FE analyses the hypoplastic constitutive model is considered. The validation is carried out by comparing the results of the simulation with the literature. The soil-monopile-turbine interaction behaviour based on the non-linear time history responses under bilateral seismic excitation and environmental loads of wind and wave are investigated. It is concluded that dynamic response of the monopile system and soil-monopile-turbine interactions are significantly influenced by geomorphological subsurface variations. It is thus critical to take into account the 3D variations of sedimentological faults and deformations as identified through the seismic field survey in the context of 3D FE analyses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 109293"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143394443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic fragility assessment for existing RC frames considering structure-soil-structure interaction","authors":"Jishuai Wang,&nbsp;Tong Guo,&nbsp;Zhenyu Du,&nbsp;Shuqi Yu,&nbsp;Ruizhao Zhu,&nbsp;Ruijun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neglecting structure-soil-structure interaction (SSSI) would introduce errors in the seismic assessments of structures within densely built areas. However, the study on probabilistic seismic fragility assessment considering SSSI remains scarce. Taking typical RC frames built on a common medium-stiff soil with multiple layers, this study conducts probabilistic seismic fragility assessments incorporating SSSI on these RC frames with and without the possibility of seismic pounding by employing nonlinear high-fidelity finite element models. Seismic fragility assessments are also conducted on the fixed-base RC frames and RC frames considering soil-single structure interaction (SSI) for comparison, with uncertainties in RC frames and seismic excitations quantified using Latin hypercube sampling. For RC frames without seismic pounding, compared to those adopting fixed-base assumption and those considering SSI, the exceedance probabilities of the immediate occupancy (IO), life safety (LS) and collapse prevention (CP) states for those considering SSSI are consistently lower across all seismic intensities. For RC frames with seismic pounding, the influence of SSSI on their median seismic capacities is slight, whereas SSSI increases the exceedance probabilities for their LS and CP states under low seismic intensities. Neglecting SSSI in the seismic design of typical equal-height RC frame clusters without the possibility of pounding on medium-stiff soil conditions can be considered a conservative practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 109302"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143394438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic input method for a gravity dam–reservoir water–foundation system considering the compressibility of water","authors":"Fei Wang ,&nbsp;Yuxian Tan ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Song ,&nbsp;Yunhe Liu ,&nbsp;Chuang Li ,&nbsp;Ankui Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The compressibility of reservoir water and the propagation of seismic waves in reservoir water are often disregarded in the seismic input of gravity dams. This paper proposed a method for solving the mixed wavefield of a reservoir water–dam foundation site on the basis of the wave equations for elastic solids and compressible water media. The radiation damping effects of the infinite foundation and reservoir water were simulated via viscoelastic artificial boundaries and fluid medium artificial boundaries, respectively. The dynamic interactions between reservoir water and dams and between reservoir water and foundations were simulated via the acoustic‒solid coupling method. A seismic wave input method for a gravity dam‒reservoir water‒foundation system based on both solid and fluid medium artificial boundary substructures was proposed. The seismic response of a concrete gravity dam was analyzed via the proposed seismic wave input method and the conventional seismic wave input method, which does not consider the propagation of seismic waves in reservoir water. Compared with those of the method proposed in this paper, the displacement and stress calculated via the seismic wave input method that does not consider the propagation of seismic waves in reservoir water are greater, with a maximum increase of 13.6 % in displacement and 55.9 % in stress. The minimum safety factor for antisliding stability of the dam foundation surface is relatively small, with a decrease of 13.8 %. The seismic wave input method that does not consider the propagation of seismic waves in reservoir water overestimates the displacement and stress response of the gravity dam and underestimates the safety factor of the antisliding stability of the dam foundation surface. Therefore, adopting a seismic wave input method that considers the propagation of seismic waves in reservoir water is necessary for the analysis of the seismic interaction of the gravity dam–reservoir water–foundation system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 109299"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of soil-structure interaction on seismic earth pressure acting on building basements using 1g shaking table tests","authors":"Byong-Youn Hwang ,&nbsp;Nghiem Xuan Tran ,&nbsp;Tae-Hun Hwang ,&nbsp;Seongho Hong ,&nbsp;Quang Thien Buu Nguyen ,&nbsp;Sung-Ryul Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The design of seismic earth pressures acting on basement walls has been conducted without taking soil–structure interactions (SSIs), especially the influence of the superstructure, into careful consideration. Accordingly, this study performed a series of 1 g shaking table tests to investigate the effect of SSI on the seismic pressure acting on basement walls. Three types of models—0-story, 3-story, and 9-story—that all contained the same three-story basement were used. The experimental models were organized into two groups: one simulating an embedded basement and the other simulating a basement fixed to bedrock. Three sinusoidal waves with different acceleration amplitudes were used as input motions. The tests evaluated the soil–basement displacement relationship, distribution and magnitude of seismic earth pressure, and the phase relationship between seismic thrust and building displacement, considering different building heights, input acceleration amplitudes, and basement fixity. The seismic earth pressure on basement walls varied with the soil–basement displacement relationship, increasing or decreasing from the initial static earth pressure depending on the relative displacement magnitudes. As the building height increased, the distribution of seismic earth pressure changed from triangular to inverted triangular, and the magnitude of seismic thrust increased by six times for embedded basements and about two times for fixed basements. The seismic earth pressure acted as a resisting force in low-rise buildings and as a driving force in the 9-story building. In the fixed basement cases, the trend was reversed, with seismic earth pressure acting as a driving force in the low-rise buildings and as a resisting force in the 9-story.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 109298"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyclic and post-cyclic behavior of Qom marl, Iran","authors":"Mohammad Javad Ebrahimi,&nbsp;Majid Yazdandoust,&nbsp;Mahdi Khodaparast","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A series of strain-controlled cyclic simple shear tests followed by monotonic ones were carried out on Qom marl to evaluate its pre- and post-cyclic behavior under different moisture contents and overburden pressures. A series of resonant column and bender element tests were also conducted to measure the dynamic properties of this type of marl. The results showed that the experience of a cyclic loading improved the marl shear strength in all moisture contents and overburden pressures, while the post-cyclic shear modulus of marl increased only when its moisture content was close to saturation. It was concluded that the possibility of subsidence in marl deposits after an earthquake is very likely due to the high potential of reducing the volume of the lower layers after cyclic loading, especially when the moisture content of the lower layers is high. The dependence of shear modulus degradation and damping ratio on shear strain level was found to decrease and increase, respectively, with increasing the marl moisture content. Moreover, it was observed that a cyclic load experience only had an effect on the compression index (Cc) and the swelling index (Cs) was independent of the seismic load.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 109209"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial seismic waves generation for complex matching conditions based on diffusion model","authors":"Xiaoming Chen ,&nbsp;Fanghong Lv ,&nbsp;Jindong Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaonong Guo ,&nbsp;Jun He ,&nbsp;Quansheng Pan ,&nbsp;Qingchun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the process of random seismic response analysis of structures, a large number of artificial seismic waves compatible with the design response spectrum are required. The use of numerical methods can accurately generate artificial seismic waves that meet the matching conditions, but numerical methods have the problem of long-time consumption. A feasible solution is to learn the patterns of the current seismic wave dataset through a generative model, then generate a large number of seismic waves similar to the original dataset through the trained generative model quickly. However, under complex matching conditions and existing small datasets, the generative model may lose effectiveness. The paper proposes a method for quickly and accurately generating artificial seismic waves under complex matching conditions, which achieves precise compatibility with matching conditions through an existing small dataset of artificial seismic waves and a constructed diffusion model. Numerical example shows that the method proposed in this paper improves computational efficiency by two orders of magnitude compared to numerical methods without sacrificing accuracy, and the performance of the model is better than that of existing generative adversarial models. The method proposed in this paper is applied to the expansion process of an artificial seismic wave dataset for a nuclear power structure, achieving accurate matching under complex matching conditions and improving the diversity of the artificial seismic wave dataset. By reducing the correlation coefficient between the curves in the training dataset or increasing the scale of the training dataset, the generation efficiency of DDPM can be improved. It is also essential to ensure sufficient training epochs and sampling steps to maintain the generation efficiency of DDPM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 109290"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonlinear adaptive control of flexibly-supported inelastic asymmetric steel structures equipped with MR dampers","authors":"Khorram Sadeghi,&nbsp;Mohammad Mahdi Zafarani,&nbsp;Alireza Emami,&nbsp;Mohammad Sadegh Birzhandi","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite previous studies, this paper simultaneously addresses the challenges of soil-structure interaction (SSI) and nonlinear structural behavior in torsionally irregular building structures equipped with magnetorheological (MR) dampers, utilizing a supervisory nonlinear adaptive control procedure. This represents a significant step toward improving the design of earthquake-resisting structures. In order to consider the effects of torsional behavior on the performance of semi-active MR control systems, various inelastic asymmetric steel structures with different periods, eccentricities, and torsional-to-translational frequency ratios based on supports with different levels of flexibility were used. In these structures, the steel elements were modeled by the extended plasticity (fiber) while the support flexibility effects were accounted for based on the substructure method in OpenSees software. A new model-based nonlinear adaptive control algorithm was employed to control a wide range of structures subjected to various seismic records in bi-directional excitation, incorporating the effects of support flexibility. Results show that the MR dampers reduce the Engineering Demand Parameters (EDPs) significantly, considering the effects of the soft and stiff edges of the structure in various scenarios. Analysis of the effects of the support flexibility on the MR damper performance demonstrated the successful function of the damper in improving the seismic performance of such structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 109291"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}