Zhe Yang , Weihua Li , Yexin Wan , Sen Zheng , Sainan Zhu
{"title":"Wave scattering by a buried cavity in an unsaturated porous half-space","authors":"Zhe Yang , Weihua Li , Yexin Wan , Sen Zheng , Sainan Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an analytical solution for plane wave scattering by a cylindrical cavity in an unsaturated porous medium half-space, employing the wave function expansion method and the Hankel function integral transformation approach. The key contribution lies in effectively addressing the orthogonality of the boundary conditions between the half-space surface and the cavity surface using the Hankel function integral transformation, thereby accurately deriving analytical solutions for the surface displacement and stress around the cavity in the half-space of unsaturated porous media. This study investigates the effects of medium saturation, incident wave characteristics, and cavity burial depth on surface displacement and stress distribution, providing valuable insights for related analytical and engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109617"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Relationship between ground motion parameters and seismic gap distances of adjacent RC frame buildings","authors":"Muhammet Kamal, Mehmet Inel","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109601","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109601","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to investigate the relationships between ground motion parameters (GMPs) and seismic gap distances of adjacent low and mid-rise RC buildings. A total of 22 GMPs were taken into account as Intensity Measures (IM) input. In addition to the 20 different GMPs, the spectral acceleration values of the dominant period of the adjacent buildings were also included for each acceleration record. 28 different binary building models (three dimensional, 3D) were created among reinforced concrete buildings ranging from 3 to 10 stories. 616 nonlinear time history analyses were performed using 22 different acceleration records to obtain the minimum required seismic gap distances between binary building models. The correlation between GMPs and separation distances between neighboring buildings was also investigated. The outcomes show that velocity-related GMPs such as Housner Intensity (HI), Velocity Spectrum Intensity (VSI) are very effective in estimating the seismic gap distances of adjacent buildings. Also, spectral acceleration values of adjacent buildings exhibit strong correlation. Whereas, acceleration, frequency and displacement related parameters have moderate or low correlation. In particular, PGA, one of the frequently considered parameters in performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE), has a low correlation. This study has developed ground motion parameters-based approaches that can estimate the seismic gap value between adjacent buildings using the three GMPs with the highest correlation values. The correlation values for the proposed approaches for <em>HI</em>, <em>S</em><sub><em>a1</em></sub><em>(T</em><sub><em>1</em></sub><em>),</em> and <em>VSI</em> parameters were obtained as 0.91, 0.89 and 0.89, respectively. Compared to the DDC method in the literature, these parameters have higher correlation and lower error metrics. The proposed ground motion parameters-based approaches in this study are simple and useful for the evaluation of existing low and mid-rise RC buildings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109601"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jianwen Liang , Yongguang Wang , Qinghua Han , Zhenning Ba , Jinyuan Zhang , Mingjie Liu , Hao Wu , Puzhou Yang , Xinda Chong
{"title":"Shaking table test study of large-scale (1/15) nuclear containment vessel supported by pile group foundation in a layered ground","authors":"Jianwen Liang , Yongguang Wang , Qinghua Han , Zhenning Ba , Jinyuan Zhang , Mingjie Liu , Hao Wu , Puzhou Yang , Xinda Chong","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigated the seismic response of nuclear containment vessel supported by pile group foundation in a non-rock site through a series of large-scale shaking table tests. The test model was 1/15 scaled nuclear containment vessel (outer diameter 2.96 m, height 5.38 m) supported by a pile group foundation, which was fixed at the bottom of the newly developed large-scale laminar soil box (5 m × 5 m × 2 m). The pile group foundation was modeled by 19 piles with diameter of 0.2 m and height of 1.5 m, and the layered ground was represented by 0.75 m thickness sand layer over 1.05 m thickness silty clay layer. The tests were conducted at the National Facility for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NFEES) of Tianjin University and the input motions included the RG 1.60, safety evaluation wave, and Chi-Chi wave with peak accelerations ranging from 0.1g to 1.0g. The failure phenomenon, dynamic characteristics, acceleration, displacement, and strain responses were recorded and analyzed. Findings reveal that the containment vessel maintains its integrity even under loading cases exceeding safe-shutdown earthquake (SL-2). The pile group foundation exhibits a seismic resistance effect on the containment vessel, compared with the rigid foundation. The pile group foundation sustains significant damage at the pile heads. Notably, the pile heads on the outer ring experience approximately 20 % higher bending moments than those on the inner ring. Under three-directional (3D) loading, the containment vessel exhibits an approximately 20 % rise in peak concrete tensile strain and a 50 % elevation in peak acceleration amplification factor compared with one-directional (1D) loading. The results indicate that the pile group foundation can serve as an effective and reliable foundation for nuclear containment vessel constructed on complex non-rock sites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109611"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiang Wu , Shuai Shao , Xiaocong Zhang , Liguo Yang , Bin Zhang , Xiaowu Ma
{"title":"The dynamic responses of undisturbed loess to seismic excitation: Centrifugal shaking table test","authors":"Jiang Wu , Shuai Shao , Xiaocong Zhang , Liguo Yang , Bin Zhang , Xiaowu Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Undisturbed loess is highly sensitive to humidity and vibration. It is prone to serious seismic subsidence disasters under seismic loads. The dynamic responses and failure mechanisms of loess were investigated in centrifugal shaking table tests at different moisture contents and with different excitation amplitudes. The results show a significant acceleration amplification effect, especially at greater peak seismic acceleration<strong>s</strong> and with drier soil. With the increase of excitation amplitude and moisture content, the degree of seismic settlement deformation becomes more significant and the risk of foundation instability increases. The shear action of seismic loading leads to the collapse of the undisturbed loess pore structure and the gradual densification of the skeletal structure, resulting in sudden additional settlement. With the loss of primary structure and the formation of secondary structure, the deformation process of seismic settlement of loess can be divided into four stages: elastic vibration, local shear, yield damage and deformation stabilization. The seismic subsidence damage form of undisturbed loess is dominated by vertical deformation and accompanied by the development of tension cracks caused by uneven settlement. The crushing phenomenon is serious in the local area, and may even trigger penetrating fracture damage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109616"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biao Wei , Shuaijie Yuan , Andong Lu , Ruimin Zhang , Zhixing Yang , Lizhong Jiang
{"title":"The contribution of near-fault ground motion velocity pulse to the seismic response of high-speed railway bridge-track system","authors":"Biao Wei , Shuaijie Yuan , Andong Lu , Ruimin Zhang , Zhixing Yang , Lizhong Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Velocity pulses are often considered a critical factor leading to significant structural responses and more severe damage under near-fault ground motions. This paper investigates the impact of near-fault ground motion velocity pulse (NGMVP) on the contribution of high-speed railway bridge-track system's seismic response and establishes predictive models, incorporating eight ground motion parameters. With wavelet packet transformation, the original ground motions are decomposed into high-frequency and low-frequency pulse components. These components, along with the original ground motions, are then separately input into the system. Subsequently, the seismic responses of the system are obtained through nonlinear time history analysis. For a more comprehensive characterization of NGMVP, 19 ground motion and pulse parameters are selected. Through regression analysis, the parameters with high correlation with near-fault ground motion response ratio are preliminarily screened. Then, four prediction models are established to realize the prediction from the parameters to the response of each component of the system. Furthermore, this paper also examines how the number of parameters impacts model performance. The results indicate that the near-fault ground motion parameter ratio has a high correlation with the response ratio of low-frequency pulse component, while the correlation with the response ratio of high-frequency residual components is low. Among the four prediction models, the exponential product prediction model has the best prediction effect. The final model formula and parameter values are also established, enabling a quantitative analysis of the contribution of NGMVP to the seismic response of the system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109563"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144313947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Magnitude-based damage analysis of high-speed railway track bridge system across canyon","authors":"Lizhong Jiang , Wei Li , Liqiang Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the significant impact of topographic effects on seismic intensity, the spatial attenuation relationship of seismic waves during actual earthquakes is usually complex. Traditional seismic fragility analysis methods rely on input from ground motions (<em>GMs</em>), making conducting rapid damage assessments difficult. Accurately simulating the process of seismic wave propagation from the hypocenter to the bridge site is crucial for the rapid evaluation of high-speed railway track-bridge system (HSRTBS) during seismic events. This study overcomes the limitations of classical seismic fragility analysis by proposing a HSRTBS seismic fragility analysis method considering moment magnitude (<em>M</em><sub><em>w</em></sub>). Taking a canyon in China as the site, a physics-based seismic simulation method is used to model the propagation process of seismic waves from the hypocenter through the geology and topography under various <em>M</em><sub><em>w</em></sub> values. A probabilistic seismic demand model (PSDM) considering <em>M</em><sub><em>w</em></sub> is developed via the cloud analysis (CA), and the relationship between <em>M</em><sub><em>w</em></sub> and the damage probability of HSRTBS is quantitatively analyzed. The results show that canyon topography significantly affects the seismic response and damage distribution of HSRTBS, with notable differences across different slope types. The face slope's peak ground acceleration (<em>PGA</em>) amplification factor can reach 1.78. In contrast, the back slope exhibits a certain degree of attenuation due to interference effects, which follows a similar pattern to the seismic records from the Chi-Chi earthquake in the Feitsui canyon. The proposed seismic fragility analysis method considering <em>M</em><sub><em>w</em></sub> for enables rapid damage assessment of HSRTBS under specific seismic scenarios. This approach overcomes the limitations of traditional seismic fragility analysis, which cannot account for complex topography.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109612"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Burak Ozturk, Ahmed Fouad Hussein, M. Hesham El Naggar
{"title":"IDA-based fragility curves for helical pile-supported bridges in cohesive soil","authors":"Burak Ozturk, Ahmed Fouad Hussein, M. Hesham El Naggar","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109618","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109618","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fragility curves were developed for a three-span bridge structure supported by helical piles in homogeneous cohesive soil. To address uncertainties in material properties, Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) was used, while Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) was employed to construct the seismic demand model. Fifteen bridge samples were subjected to 22 ground motion records, each scaled to 20 intensity levels, resulting in a total of 6600 three-dimensional nonlinear time history analyses. The resulting probabilistic seismic demand model estimated expected damage across a range of seismic intensities, using key engineering demand parameters, pier drift, pile ductility factor, and settlement ratio, to evaluate damage states from slight to complete. Regression results showed that total span length, rebar yield strength, and damping ratio significantly influence pier drift, with longer spans increasing drift while higher rebar strength and damping ratios decrease it. Furthermore, the ductility factor of piles is affected by damping ratio, the number of piles, and foundation area, while damping and pile spacing significantly impact the settlement ratio. Overall, the analysis indicated that helical piles are more vulnerable in terms of ductility than settlement, making them the most critical component in the bridge–soil–foundation system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109618"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144313946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamic response and failure mechanisms of laminated soft coal under impact loads: A comprehensive study","authors":"Hanwu Liu , Feng Li , Lijun Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address challenges in soft coal seam excavation, including dynamic coal mass variations, low permeability, frequent dynamic phenomena, and roadway deformation during pre-outburst stages, this study employed a self-developed triaxial loading and impact experimental setup to investigate failure mechanisms of composite specimens with varying ratios. Experimental results demonstrate that external loading induces \"cross-shaped\" primary fractures, radial secondary fractures, and micro-fractures in coal masses, predominantly formed through shear failure. Numerical simulations reveal significant confining pressure sensitivity in stress field evolution, showing that increased confining pressure elevates stress magnitudes by 15–28 % and expands stress influence zones by 30–45 %. Building on these findings, we propose a high-pressure staged hydraulic fracturing technique targeting key strata to interrupt stress transmission paths. Experimental validation shows progressive pressure relief attenuation ratios of 22.68 %, 39.77 %, and 44.14 % with cavity expansion in critical layers. When combined with roof slotting (7m borehole spacing), this integrated approach enhances coal permeability and structural stability, achieving: 10 % increase in gas extraction volume, 11 % concentration enhancement, 1.22-fold reserve growth, 95 % reduction in dynamic phenomena frequency, and 20 % decrease in return airflow gas concentration. Roadway deformation decreased substantially from initial ranges of 1592-945 mm (height) and 963-715 mm (width) to 162-11 mm and 146-13 mm post-treatment. This methodology provides a novel technical pathway for safe and efficient soft coal seam excavation, demonstrating significant potential for dynamic disaster prevention and risk mitigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109546"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144313948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nonlinear negative stiffness effect for enhanced isolated structures vibration Control: Mechanism and real-time hybrid simulation testing","authors":"Yafei Zhang , Ning Li , Yuchen Hu , Tianchang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nonlinear negative stiffness devices (NNSD) have been demonstrated to be effective in controlling structural vibration responses. In this study, the influence of the nonlinear negative stiffness effect of NNSD with varying compression ratios on the performance of base-isolated structures (BIS) is investigated. Based on the force-displacement hysteresis curves of NNSD, analytical models are proposed, and their feasibility is subsequently evaluated. The third-order Taylor expansion model is revisited not to challenge its validity, but to show that a fifth-order model is necessary for accurately capturing the nonlinear behavior. Higher-order expansions are not needed, and the required expansion order should match the level of geometric nonlinearity. Then, a series of real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS) confirmed that NNSD with fixed compression ratios can effectively control structural vibration. These findings underscore the importance of collaboratively optimizing the compression ratio in conjunction with the stiffness and displacement responses of the isolation story in BIS. When the hybrid system approaches a quasi-zero stiffness state, further reduction of the compression ratio does not yield additional improvements in control performance. Selecting an appropriate compression ratio is therefore essential for achieving optimal vibration control. To further enhance the control effect, the incorporation of additional damping or energy dissipation devices may be considered. Lastly, the compression ratio of the NNSD determined based on the expected displacement of isolation story under various seismic design standards is illustrated, and their performance is evaluated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109602"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Seismic active earth pressure for bridge abutments based on design response spectrum","authors":"Haoyu Xie , Wengang Zhang , Zhaoguang Tang , Chuan Wei , Haiming Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109609","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Calculating seismic active earth pressure for bridge abutments is a traditional yet critical issue. Existing analytical methods in the limit equilibrium state framework still have significant shortcomings in considering the time history and distribution characteristics of seismic inertial forces. Using the design response spectrum and mathematical methods derived from the random vibration theory and Fourier transform, this article proposes solutions for the horizontal seismic acceleration distribution in backfill soil. This study established a new model for calculating seismic active earth pressure for bridge abutments using the modified seismic acceleration distribution, including analytical solution formulas for the resultant force, intensity distribution, and resultant-force location. Furthermore, a series of centrifuge shaking table tests were conducted. The proposed method provided a more accurate description of the nonlinear characteristics of seismic acceleration and seismic earth pressure intensity distributions compared with conventional methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109609"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}