Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering最新文献

{"title":"A novel physics-constrained neural network: An illustration of ground motion models","authors":"Duofa Ji ,&nbsp;Chenxi Li ,&nbsp;Changhai Zhai ,&nbsp;You Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ground motion model (GMM) is essential for seismic hazard analysis and can be developed using either empirical or machine learning approaches. The former often results in suboptimal predictive performance, and the latter frequently faces challenges related to interpretability and explainability although providing more accurate results. To overcome these limitations, this study proposes a novel physics-constrained neural network (PCNN) that incorporates constraints on the hypothesis space through designing specialized neural network architectures informed by physical domain knowledge. This approach enables the updating or derivation of biased or unknown components through data-driven learning. Using the development of GMMs as an illustration, the PCNN is constructed to maintain the mathematical form consistent with established empirical models by reconfiguring parameters, activation functions, and layer connections within a conventional neural network. This physics-constrained approach enhances both the interpretability of the network's architecture and the explainability of its outputs. By leveraging both the advanced machine learning techniques and the domain-specific physical constraints, the PCNN refines the suboptimal coefficients in empirical models, which could achieve the globally optimal model coefficients and improve predictive performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 109071"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation and numerical analysis of the seismic performance of the quick repaired seismic-damaged RC frame","authors":"Chang Gao ,&nbsp;Liang Huang ,&nbsp;Lei Wang ,&nbsp;Qiang Sun ,&nbsp;Yin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a finite element (FE) analysis of the seismic performance of the quick repaired seismic-damaged RC frame under low cyclic loading. The quick repair was realized by applying the wire mesh combined with ultra-high early strength grouting materials. The FE model was established based on the constitutive relationship of each materials and validated against the previous experimental results in the literature. The simulated results indicated that the repair could effectively exert the seismic performance of RC frame. Then, the FE parametric analysis was conducted to investigate the influence of studied parameters on the seismic performance of the quick repaired seismic-damaged RC frame models. The analyzed parameters included the axial compressive ratio of columns, the thickness and the height of the repair layer. The numerical analysis showed that the seismic performance of quick repaired seismic-damaged RC frame could be enhanced by the certain increase of the axial compressive ratio. The thickness and height of the repair layer exhibited limited influence on the seismic performance of the RC frame. The paper reported the design suggestions for the quick repaired damaged RC frame.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 109083"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-tensioned coupling beams: Mechanics, cyclic response, and damage evaluation","authors":"Abouzar Jafari ,&nbsp;Amir Ali Shahmansouri ,&nbsp;Sepideh Pourshamsian ,&nbsp;Habib Akbarzadeh Bengar ,&nbsp;Ying Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the influence of axial load ratio, initial prestressing ratio, and aspect ratio on the cyclic performance of post-tensioned coupling beams. An analytical solution was derived and verified against experimental studies conducted on post-tensioned beams and a comprehensive numerical parametric analysis was conducted, examining fifty-one scenarios with varying design parameters. These scenarios incorporated three key parameters: the beams’ aspect ratio (span to height), ranging from 1.5 to 3.5; the axial load ratio, ranging from 0.04 to 0.175; and the initial prestressing ratio, ranging from 0.35 to 0.65. Increasing the axial load ratio led to more severe damage, while higher aspect and initial prestressing ratios reduced damage. The axial load ratio had the greatest effect on damage severity, while the aspect ratio mainly influenced the size and length of crushed regions at the beam corners. Deeper post-tensioned coupling beams (aspect ratio &lt;2.5) showed higher coupling shear forces. Increasing the axial load ratio significantly boosted shear capacity, while a higher initial prestressing ratio slightly reduced it. Additionally, both a higher axial load ratio and aspect ratio increased ultimate beam chord rotation, whereas higher initial prestressing ratios decrease it. The estimated stiffness factor, ranging from 0.04 to 0.4, decreased with smaller aspect ratios. Both axial load and initial prestressing ratios had a similar influence on the stiffness factor. A smaller axial load ratio reduced beam-wall interaction and lowered the stiffness ratio, while increasing the initial prestressing ratio raised compressive stress at beam corners, leading to higher initial stiffness and a larger effective moment of inertia. These estimated stiffness factors were then used to derive a relation for the design of post-tensioned coupling beams.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 109082"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The deformation characteristics of modified lightweight expanded polystyrene soils under cyclical loading","authors":"Ping Jiang ,&nbsp;Yuming Fu ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Xuhui Zhou ,&nbsp;Na Li ,&nbsp;Huaqiang Tao","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A dynamic triaxial test was conducted to assess the deformation characteristics of sodium silicate modified EPS (expanded polystyrene) particle lightweight soil (SCS) under cyclical loading. The hysteresis curves, dynamic elastic modulus, damping ratio, and cumulative strain were obtained for SCS samples with varying EPS particle content. We found that the samples' stress-strain hysteresis curves, became crescent-shaped for different dynamic stress situations, and were largely elastic in the latter phases. Furthermore, there was a progression from dense to sparse as EPS content increased. With increasing dynamic stress, the dynamic elastic modulus and damping ratio of SCS also rose. The damping ratio of SCS rose as the EPS particle content increased, whereas the dynamic elastic modulus decreased. Notably, increases in the PS particle content and dynamic stress largen the deformation of the SCS samples. Moreover, we found that when the cumulative strain curve becomes stable, varying the contents of EPS particles under different dynamic stresses leads to a power function relationship with the logarithm of the number of cyclic loading cycles. In cases where the cumulative strain curve reaches a critical or destruction point, the cumulative damage variable displays a power function relationship with the vibration count.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 109074"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A correlation for cyclic degradation of natural clayey and sandy soils at different strain amplitudes","authors":"J. Jalili,&nbsp;M.K. Jafari","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cyclic degradation of soil significantly affects its behavior in seismic analyses, especially at relatively large strain levels. Beyond the threshold shear strain for degradation, soil properties, including its stiffness and damping, may change dramatically with each loading cycle. The present study aims to extend the investigation by probing the effect of cyclic degradation in greater detail, interpreting results from cyclic tests conducted at an advanced laboratory. In this regard, the results of 77 cyclic tests on natural sandy and clayey soils were analyzed. It was observed that the threshold strain for degradation is 1–2 × 10⁻⁴ for clayey soils and 3 to 4 × 10⁻⁴ for sandy soils. Furthermore, a correlation is proposed between degradation parameters and strain, which is useful for predicting the shear modulus for a desired loop number in cases where only the shear modulus of the 1st loop is available. To ensure the accuracy of this correlation, two additional tests were conducted in the laboratory. The predictions showed satisfactory agreement with the measurements. It was observed that after 15 loading cycles, the shear modulus of the soil decreased to 30–40 % of its initial value at the first cycle. This degraded modulus could be estimated using the correlation proposed in this study, with a 10 % margin of error. This validation supports the applicability of the proposed correlation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 109084"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic performance enhancement for low-rise and mid-rise steel frames using novel self-centering beam-to-brace links","authors":"Shaoyuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Hetao Hou ,&nbsp;Yi Liu ,&nbsp;Junjie Wang ,&nbsp;Chunxue Dai ,&nbsp;Bing Qu ,&nbsp;Xinrui Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper aims to propose a novel self-centering beam-to-brace link with examined Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) based apparatuses to improve the seismic resilience of steel frames. Based on the past experimental data, a three-dimensional computer model of the proposed link was established to simulate the nonlinear hysteretic behavior. The results showed that the proposed link could realize the perceived advantages. A simplified Finite Element (FE) model was developed and validated via the comparison with the computer model. A 3-story and a 9-story representative building were rehabilitated with the proposed link. The Nonlinear Response History Analyses (NRHAs) were conducted on the original and rehabilitated systems to evaluate their seismic performance comparatively. To achieve a fair comparison, the original and rehabilitated systems had the proximate vibration periods and the same flexural strength under a roof drift ratio of 2 %. Compared with the original systems, the corresponding rehabilitated systems exhibited equivalent performance of transient inter-story displacement, significant advantages in eliminating residual deformation, and slight disadvantages in limiting floor acceleration. A comprehensive measure was developed and revealed the rehabilitated systems achieved superior seismic overall performance compared to the original systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 109066"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ground motions around a partially filled semi-circular alluvial valley with a lined tunnel under cylindrical SH waves","authors":"Bo He ,&nbsp;Yuanming Lai ,&nbsp;Lizhou Wu ,&nbsp;Shuairun Zhu ,&nbsp;Xu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The interaction between surface irregularities and underground tunnels has notable effect on seismic waves, resulting in amplification or attenuation of ground motions. However, previous studies for scattering issue induced by the interaction between irregular topographies and understructures were only based on the assumption of plane shear horizontal (SH) waves. Actually, the significance of source effects on topographic amplification cannot be underestimated. Meanwhile, the thickness and material damping of local alluvium can exert momentous influence on ground motions. In this study, a series solution is proposed to tackle the scattering phenomenon caused by a partially filled semi-circular alluvial valley with a lined tunnel under cylindrical SH waves, and the impact of source distance on the ground motions of the irregular topography with a tunnel is revealed for the first time. Firstly, the wave-function expansion approach and classical mirror image method are developed to constructive wave-function expressions in different polar coordinate systems. Then, applying the appropriate Graf's addition formula, it becomes possible to unify the coordinate systems for different subregions. Furthermore, according to continuity conditions of stress and displacement, the region-matching technique is adopted to determine the unknown coefficients of the algebraic equations. Finally, to illustrate the interaction between a partially filled alluvial valley and a lined tunnel on ground motions, a comprehensive parametric analysis is performed in both the frequency and time domains. A significant finding is that ground motions of combined topography is affected by the source location, and the source distance cannot be disregarded unless the source distance surpasses 100-time valley width. This indicates the need to closely examine how the source location influences the amplification effect due to combined topography, particularly when the source is near the terrain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 109073"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic response characteristics of offshore sites in the Sagami Bay, Japan—Part II: Nonlinear behaviors and stochastic simulation of subduction zone earthquakes","authors":"Lei Fu ,&nbsp;Su Chen ,&nbsp;Zhinan Xie ,&nbsp;Suyang Wang ,&nbsp;Junlei Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite their crucial importance for marine engineering, the nonlinear seismic response characteristics of offshore sites remain poorly understood. Consequently, simulating ground-motion at offshore sites poses a significant challenge. To address this, this study begins with a dataset comprising stress drops of 70 earthquakes, region-specific quality factors, and linear site amplification factors (AFs) of six offshore stations in Sagami Bay, Japan, obtained using the generalized inversion technique (GIT). Then, by incorporating additional offshore accelerograms with focal depths up to 333 km and peak ground accelerations (PGAs) ranging from 0.2 to 4.2 m/s², we delve deeper into the effects of nonlinear site behaviors on the high-frequency attenuation parameter (<em>κ</em>₀) and AFs, respectively. A counterintuitive decrease in <em>κ</em>₀ was observed as the peak ground acceleration (PGA) reached 0.5–0.8 m/s², echoing similar observations from previous studies on KiK-net stations. Our results indicate that the high-frequency attenuation characteristics of offshore sites vary under strong motions, potentially attributable to the nonlinear evolution of the frequency-independent quality factor and S-wave velocity within near-surface sediments. Additionally, the degree of nonlinearity (DNL) at these offshore stations exceeded 4 when PGA reached 0.2–0.3 m/s², a threshold significantly lower than the previously reported range of 0.5–1.0 m/s². Furthermore, we observed systematic variations in nonlinear behaviors between flat and steep offshore stations, particularly with peak frequencies shifting towards lower and higher frequencies, respectively. These new findings may be mainly attributed to the intricate interaction of topography and marine sediments. Finally, simulations of two subduction earthquakes (<em>M</em>_W6.2 and 5.9) using the stochastic finite-fault simulation method (SFFSM) showed good agreement with observations at frequencies above 0.1 Hz. Notably, nonlinear AFs outperformed linear ones across a wide PGA range of 0.2–1.2 m/s², highlighting the significance of nonlinear site behaviors in characterizing offshore ground-motions. This finding reinforces the potential of the simulation framework (integrating GIT and SFFSM) for effectively and accurately simulating offshore ground-motion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 109081"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing soil liquefaction due to large-magnitude subduction earthquakes","authors":"Yrene Santiago,&nbsp;Christian Ledezma,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Tiznado","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infrastructure failure due to soil liquefaction has been repeatedly observed in past megathrust earthquakes, causing significant material and structural functionality losses. In most seismic regions, soil liquefaction potential is assessed using updated versions of the cyclic-stress-based simplified procedure initially proposed by Seed and Idriss in 1971. However, the application of these procedures to large-magnitude (M_w &gt; 7.5) subduction earthquakes has shown discrepancies between forward predictions and field observations, particularly regarding liquefaction triggering and manifestation. This paper proposes an alternative model to assess soil liquefaction due to large-magnitude subduction earthquakes based on excess pore water pressure ratios and shear deformations. The triggering criteria are based on the peak values of excess pore pressure ratio and shear strain anticipated within the critical, potentially liquefiable soil layer. The model considers liquefiable layer thickness and relative density, along with input motion's Cumulative Absolute Velocity (CAV), as the main predictors of soil liquefaction. To this end, a numerical model was first developed and validated against results from a dynamic centrifuge test simulating free-field conditions. The calibrated numerical model was then used to perform a numerical parametric study to identify the trends and key predictors of liquefaction in layered soil deposits subjected to large-magnitude subduction earthquakes. Finally, a simplified probabilistic procedure, validated against available case histories, was developed to estimate the probabilities of full, marginal, and no liquefaction occurrence within each critical layer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 109069"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study of shaking table for reinforced soil retaining walls: Analysis of tiered configuration effects","authors":"Boyuan Cai ,&nbsp;Xiaoguang Cai ,&nbsp;Sihan Li ,&nbsp;Xin Huang ,&nbsp;Yan Zhang ,&nbsp;Chengzhi Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deciding on the inclusion of tiers and determining the optimal number of tiers are critical considerations in the design of reinforced soil retaining walls (RSRWs). In this study, the mechanical properties of RSRWs under seismic loading are discussed in depth, with special attention paid to the influence of tiered configuration effects on the seismic performance of RSRWs. The response characteristics of these structures under seismic loading were comparatively analyzed by conducting shaking table tests of single-tiered, two-tiered, and three-tiered modular geogrid RSRWs. The results show that localized modular misalignment mainly occurs at the top of the retaining walls of all tiers, and reasonable tiered design can enhance the stability, but too many tiers may instead reduce the structural stability. The tiered reinforced soil retaining walls (TRSRWs) exhibit higher natural frequencies and damping ratios, which increase with more tiers, and the natural frequencies and damping ratios of the upper-tiered walls are always higher than those of the lower-tiered walls. The acceleration amplification effect is more significant in the upper part of the retaining wall structure, and the tiered design can reduce the acceleration amplification effect to a certain extent, but the increase in the number of tiers does not have much effect on this. The horizontal displacement of the TRSRWs shows the distribution of “upper large and lower small”, and the two-tiered retaining wall effectively reduces the horizontal displacement of the wall facing, whereas the three-tiered retaining wall does not have a significant improvement effect. The tiered design significantly optimizes the settlement of the retaining walls, and the number of tiers has little effect on the settlement improvement. The seismic active soil pressure increased with the peak ground acceleration and loading frequency, and the tiered design changed its distribution, and the increase in the number of tiers helped to further reduce the soil pressure. The increment of reinforcement strain in TRSRWs was lower than that in single-tiered retaining walls, and the tiered design effectively reduced the reinforcement stress, but the number of tiers had a limited effect on the improvement of this effect. The upper part of the wall in the un-tiered design is prone to overall tilt and horizontal expansion, and the deformation of the upper-tiered walls of the TRSRWs is all in a composite deformation mode, while the lowest-tiered walls are in a single deformation mode. The tiered design has a positive effect in limiting the development of potential failure surfaces in the substructure, resulting in improved stability of the substructure. The results of the study can provide a reference for the design selection of RSRWs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 109076"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}