Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Runout of liquefaction-induced tailings dam failure: Influence of earthquake motions and residual strength","authors":"Brent Sordo,&nbsp;Ellen Rathje,&nbsp;Krishna Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study utilizes a hybrid Finite Element Method (FEM) and Material Point Method (MPM) to investigate the runout of liquefaction-induced flow slide failures. The key inputs to this analysis are the earthquake ground motion, which induces liquefaction, and the post-liquefaction residual strength. The influence of these factors on runout is evaluated by subjecting a model of a tailings dam to thirty different earthquake motions and by assigning different values of post-liquefaction residual strength. Ground motions with larger peak ground accelerations (PGA) generate liquefaction to larger depths, thus mobilizing a greater mass of material and resulting in a flow slide with greater runout. However, different ground motions with the same PGA yield significant variations in the depth of liquefaction, indicating that other ground motion characteristics (e.g., frequency content) also exert significant influence over the initiation of liquefaction. Ground motion characteristics of peak ground velocity (PGV) and Modified Acceleration Spectrum Intensity (MASI) show a strong correlation to the induced depth of liquefaction because they capture both the intensity and frequency content of the earthquake motion. The computed runout is directly related to the depth of liquefaction induced by the earthquake motion. For dam geometry analyzed, measurable runout occurs when liquefaction extends to 10 m depth and the runout is maximized when liquefaction extends to about 18 m. Strain-softening of the residual strength of the liquefied tailings during runout is shown to substantially increase the runout distance of the flow slide, highlighting the need for additional research to better characterize the appropriate strength of liquefied materials during flow failures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 109371"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic performance and soil-structure interaction of shallow reinforced concrete tunnels","authors":"Ahmad Abdelhalim ,&nbsp;M. Hesham El Naggar ,&nbsp;Kyungtae Kim ,&nbsp;A. Fouad Hussein ,&nbsp;Ahmed Elgamal","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109372","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109372","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the seismic response of a reinforced concrete (RC) tunnel using two-dimensional plane strain finite element models calibrated and validated against experimental results. A comprehensive parametric study is then conducted to explore the influence of tunnel-soil flexibility ratio, soil relative density, Arias intensity of the input motion, and ground motion components on the seismic soil-structure interaction (SSI). The results demonstrated that the flexibility ratio and racking coefficient increase with overburden height, while soil deformations decrease. Acceleration amplification factors rise from the bottom soil to the ground surface, with dense soil showing higher amplification especially in the regions at and near the tunnel field. The horizontal amplification factor exhibits greater variability with increasing seismic energy intensity, and the effect of the vertical motion becomes more pronounced near the structure. The vertical amplification factor is lowest for the horizontal component, while the vertical and combined components exhibit higher values influenced by the presence of the tunnel with lower earthquake intensity. Soil relative density significantly influences the vertical and lateral pressures on the tunnel, with dense sand causing maximum vertical pressures on the top slab and walls. The vertical earthquake component has a greater impact on the tunnel's top slab pressure distribution than the horizontal component. Seismic bending moments are influenced by earthquake components, with the vertical component leading to the greatest positive bending moment values in the middle section of the roof slab. Vertical soil deformation is significantly affected by the horizontal input motion component, whereas the vertical component minimally affects lateral soil deformation. These findings underscore the importance of capturing stress-strain response under cyclic loading, particularly near the tunnel crown, where complex stress interactions lead to increased variability in behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 109372"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic performance and damage characteristics of pile network composite-reinforced high-speed railway subgrade","authors":"Mao Yue ,&nbsp;Changwei Yang ,&nbsp;Jie Fan ,&nbsp;Jia Luo ,&nbsp;Jing Lian ,&nbsp;Shiguang Zhou ,&nbsp;Xuanming Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A series of large-scale shaking table tests was conducted on a pile network composite-reinforced high-speed railway subgrade. The displacement, peak acceleration amplification factor, dynamic soil pressure, and geogrid strain data were used to investigate the dynamic characteristics. The Hilbert–Huang transform spectrum, marginal spectrum, and damping ratios were used to study the seismic energy dissipation characteristics and damage evolution mechanisms of the reinforced subgrade. The results indicate that the graded loading of seismic waves induces a global settlement phenomenon within the subgrade, the displacement phenomenon of the slope is more evident, and the reinforcement effectively mitigates the amplification effect of the peak acceleration along the elevation. The peak and cumulative residual dynamic soil pressures were most significant near the bedding layer, and the upper and middle parts of the subgrade exhibited superior stabilization performance. The geogrid reduced the local vibration variability and enhanced the overall stability. The damage evolution in the middle part of the subgrade was relatively gentle, whereas the slope exhibited a multistage development trend. The internal damage of the subgrade grows slowly at 0.1–0.2 g, faster at 0.2–0.6 g, and rapidly at 0.6–1.0 g.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 109340"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on liquefaction behavior of desaturated calcareous sand under various stress conditions using air injection technique","authors":"Saeed Sarajpoor ,&nbsp;Yumin Chen ,&nbsp;Zijun Wang ,&nbsp;Runze Chen ,&nbsp;Ke Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Employing soil improvement techniques to mitigate and prevent the detrimental effects of liquefaction on foundations often leads to a significant increase in construction costs in engineering projects. Developing simple, cost-effective, and eco-friendly liquefaction mitigation methods has always been one of the main concerns of geotechnical engineers. Researchers introduced the induced partial saturation (IPS) method to increase the liquefaction resistance of the saturated foundations, which is based on decreasing the saturation degree of the saturated sand. In this study, hollow cylinder torsional shear tests were conducted on loose saturated and desaturated calcareous sand to assess the liquefaction behavior of desaturated sand. Soil compressibility is the primary parameter affecting the liquefaction behavior of desaturated sand. As saturation degree, back pressure, and effective confining pressure significantly influence soil compressibility, their effects on the liquefaction resistance of desaturated sand were investigated. The pore pressure development during cyclic loading reveal that, unlike saturated samples, desaturated samples do not exhibit an excess pore pressure ratio reaching one, even when the double amplitude shear strain surpasses 7.5 %. Finally, the test results demonstrated a notable correlation between liquefaction resistance ratio, maximum volumetric strain, and the maximum generated excess pore pressure ratio, and a pore pressure model was proposed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 109363"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the influence of unsymmetrical surcharge on adjacent pile foundations in a coastal soft soil area","authors":"Zhiwei Chen ,&nbsp;Huiyuan Deng ,&nbsp;Guoliang Dai ,&nbsp;Mingxing Zhu ,&nbsp;Weiming Gong ,&nbsp;M.R. Azadi","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109365","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the influence of unsymmetrical surcharge on the piles of a bridge located in a coastal soft soil area, aiming to elucidate the deformation characteristics of the piles. The impact of some key parameters, including soft soil properties and unsymmetrical surcharge, on pile deformations is evaluated through 3D finite element numerical analysis and parameter sensitivity analysis. The results show that unsymmetrical surcharge significantly influences the displacement of both the piles and the surrounding soil, with both being affected by the soil arching effect. The parameter sensitivity analysis reveals that Poisson's ratio of the soft soil, and the stiffness of the piles have minimal impact on horizontal displacement. In contrast, the elastic modulus, cohesion, and internal friction angle of the soft soil, as well as the height and slope of the unsymmetrical surcharge, have significant effects on the piles. When the unsymmetrical surcharge is applied parallel or perpendicular to the bridge, the parallel surcharge has a relatively minor impact on the pile. The horizontal displacement of the pile follows an exponential relationship with <em>L</em>/<em>B</em>, <em>D</em>/<em>h</em>, and <em>B</em>/<em>d</em>. A functional relationship can be established between these parameters to predict the pile's horizontal displacement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 109365"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on dynamic characteristics of saponified slag fly ash foamed lightweight soil","authors":"Sixun Wen ,&nbsp;Haibin Wei ,&nbsp;Zipeng Ma ,&nbsp;Yangpeng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As an emerging environmentally friendly solid waste-based composite foam lightweight soil, saponified slag fly ash (SS-FA) foam lightweight soil has a wide range of application prospects in road engineering. In this paper, the dynamic characteristics of SS-FA foam light soil material were investigated. Dynamic triaxial tests under different cyclic loading conditions were designed to analyze the variation rules of dynamic elastic modulus and damping ratio. The results showed that the stress-strain curve of SS-FA foam lightweight soil can be divided into three stages: elastic stage, plateau stage, and stress yielding stage. Under cyclic dynamic load, with the increase of dynamic stress amplitude, the dynamic elastic modulus of 400–700 kg/m3 samples gradually increased to the maximum, reaching 235.24 MPa, 324.54 MPa, 356.45 MPa, 379.67 MPa, respectively. The damping ratio, on the other hand, shows a tendency to first decrease and then slowly increase to stabilize. The dynamic elastic modulus is positively correlated with density grade, confining pressure and loading frequency. The damping ratio decreases with the increase of density grade and loading frequency, and increases with the increase of confining pressure. The electron microscope test was designed and image processing and data statistics were carried out. Through the grey correlation analysis, the correlation degree between the microstructure parameters of SS-FA foamed lightweight soil and the macroscopic mechanical properties is basically above 0.6, indicating that the two have a significant correlation. A normalized prediction formula model between the dynamic elastic modulus of materials and the conditional parameters was established. The R² of the linear fitting of the predicted value is 0.964, indicating that the prediction model has a high degree of fitting and a good prediction effect. The research results revealed the dynamic mechanical properties of foamed lightweight soil, and provided a reference for the application of SS-FA foamed lightweight soil in subgrade engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 109362"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-component composite columns periodically buried in elastic half space as metasurfaces for broadband surface-wave attenuation","authors":"Xiao Wang ,&nbsp;Shui Wan ,&nbsp;Yuze Nian ,&nbsp;Linyun Zhou ,&nbsp;Qilin Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Elastic metamaterials/metasurfaces have enabled many applications for vibration reduction in civil engineering in the past decade. This paper investigates the feasibility of harnessing novel three-component composite columns for surface-wave attenuation. The composite columns are periodically buried near the surface of an elastic half space to form a metasurface. Eigenvalue studies are conducted based on both the <span><math><mrow><mi>ω</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>k</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mi>k</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>ω</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> methods, and broadband surface-wave bandgaps (SWBGs) are found in real and complex band structures. For the metasurface composed of concrete-rubber-steel composite columns, a broadband SWBG covering 36.5–96.9 Hz can be achieved with a small periodic constant of 0.3 m. The formation of the broadband SWBG is attributed to the local resonance mechanism, whose lower bound frequency is determined by the resonance of the core and upper bound frequency is mainly determined by the torsional resonance of the soft coating layer. Using complex band structures and frequency-domain simulations, the lack of correlation between the minimum imaginary parts of wave numbers and vibration reduction performance is well explained. In addition, it is found that the evanescent surface eigenmodes in the SWBG can be excited and observed in numerical simulations, indicating the complex band structure analysis is effective for understanding how surface waves decay in SWBGs. A comprehensive parametric study is performed to investigate the influence of geometric parameters, material parameters, and damping in material on the attenuation performance of the metasurface. The feasibility of applying the metasurface to mitigate train-induced ambient vibration is investigated via time-domain numerical simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 109354"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fast calculation method for soil dynamics under harmonic loads by 2.5D FEM and RBM combination technique","authors":"Sen Wang ,&nbsp;Tao Xin ,&nbsp;Xianggang Du ,&nbsp;Yang Xu ,&nbsp;Wei Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109347","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109347","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A comprehensive analysis of soil dynamics is essential for accurately predicting the environmental impacts of subway operations. However, traditional finite element methods become computationally expensive when dealing with high-frequency disturbances and large-scale effects. To overcome the challenge, this study proposes a hybrid approach that integrates 2.5D FEM with the reduced basis method (RBM) to enhance computational efficiency. First, the solution of vibration transfer functions of the soil system is derived based on 2.5D FEM, and its accuracy is validated against two benchmark examples. Subsequently, RBM is introduced to establish reduced-order models in both the frequency and wavenumber domains. In this case study, the proposed method demonstrates higher accuracy than the linear interpolation method, significantly reducing truncation errors. Specifically, the statistical error of the linear interpolation method is found to be 3 to 35 times greater than that of the proposed approach. Moreover, the proposed method achieves an approximately 75 % reduction in computational effort by avoiding inefficient repeat calculations when new parameters are introduced in traditional FEM approaches. However, it is important to note that the effectiveness of the proposed method depends significantly on the number of pre-computed solutions used to construct the reduced basis space. Computational efficiency improves as the sampling interval decreases. Thus, the proposed method is recommended when there are a sufficient number of pre-computed solutions, in addition to the linear interpolation method. Moreover, its application in reproducing the high-frequency subway-induced ground vibrations shows that the proposed method has a good effect. In conclusion, this study provides a novel computational method with high accuracy and efficiency, which has a significant potential for application in more complex soil dynamic problems in transportation and earthquake engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 109347"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A system identification technique for the estimation of the bulk modulus based on pore water pressure dissipation records","authors":"Vicente Mercado ,&nbsp;Norberto Ayala ,&nbsp;Jose Duque","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article introduces a novel system identification technique for determining the bulk modulus of cohesionless soils in the post-liquefaction dissipation stage following seismic excitation. The proposed method employs a discretization of Biot's theory for porous media using the finite difference method. The technique was validated using synthetic data from finite elements simulations of an excited soil deposit. These numerical simulations were performed using an advanced multi-yield surface elastoplastic model. Additionally, the technique was used to analyze a series of high-quality dynamic centrifuge tests performed on Ottawa F-65 sand as part of the LEAP-2020 project. A comparative analysis between recorded and identified bulk modulus values highlights the effectiveness of the proposed technique across a wide range of conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 109345"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical approach to influencing mechanism of cement-soil reinforcement on horizontal dynamic response of single piles","authors":"Yufan Xiang ,&nbsp;Hongbo Liu ,&nbsp;Guoliang Dai,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study centers on the horizontal dynamic response of cement-soil composite (CSC) piles, which are of vital importance for stabilizing offshore structures like bridges and wind turbines against the dynamic loads of wind, waves, and rotational forces from wind turbine blades. Despite their practical significance, theoretical research on the horizontal dynamics of CSC piles trails behind their engineering applications. A sophisticated mathematical model has been developed to delineate the coupled vibration behavior of CSC piles and the adjacent soil under horizontal dynamic loads. Through meticulous theoretical derivation, the analytical expressions for the dynamic impedance at pile head related to horizontal, rocking, and horizontal-rocking motions were acquired. Subsequently, elaborate numerical computations and parametric analyses were executed to explore the influence of cement-soil parameters on these dynamic impedance. The results demonstrate that augmenting the cement-soil radius elevates the dynamic impedance at pile head in all three kinds, yet exerts a negative influence on the horizontal dynamic impedance under high-frequency vibrations. The research also determines an optimum depth for cement-soil reinforcement (about 0.4 times the length of the concrete pile), beyond which the advantages recede. Furthermore, it is manifested that increasing the cement-soil elastic modulus prominently enhances the dynamic impedance, which is propitious to enhancing the horizontal vibration resistance of CSC piles. This conclusion significantly contributes to a profound comprehension of CSC pile behavior and provides highly valuable guidance for their design and application in offshore engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 109337"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}