Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Soil-structure interaction effects on the semi-active control effectiveness of structures using MR damper: Shaking table investigation","authors":"Fangfang Li ,&nbsp;Mukai Wu ,&nbsp;Yang Lv","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the soil-structure interaction (SSI) effects on the semi-active control effectiveness, shaking table tests were carried out on a two-story steel frame structure with magnetorheological (MR) damper located on a fixed-base and soft soil foundation. First, a novel online learning deep neural network fuzzy control method (OL-DFNN) was used to control the structure equipped with MR dampers. The controller was made up of three modules, namely the offline trained deep neural network fuzzy control (DFNN), the online training module and the control structure system with SSI effects. Second, other control methods (passive ON, ON-OFF, and DFNN) were also examined to investigate the control efficiency when considering the SSI. Three different earthquake excitations were selected as the seismic inputs, recorded from El Centro, Kobe, and Tianjin earthquakes. Finally, shaking table tests of the structures with and without considering the SSI effect were carried out. The displacement and acceleration test results were comparatively evaluated using two performance indices: peak and root mean square (RMS) responses. The test results indicated that OL-DFNN control achieved the best control efficiency among the four control strategies for both fixed-base structures and soft soil foundation structures. Compared to fixed-base structures, the semi-active control effectiveness of the structures where the SSI effect is taken into account was reduced.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 109441"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal device strength distribution rule for pin-supported wall frame structures","authors":"Qidong Chen,&nbsp;Ying Zhou,&nbsp;Yi Xiao,&nbsp;Honghao Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pin-supported wall frame structure is a typical type of rocking structure that limits structural damage under earthquakes. Previous studies arrange uniform-strength devices along the wall height or use concentrated devices at the wall hinge, which overlooks the impact of different device strength height-wise distributions on the bending moments of pin-supported walls. This paper proposes an Optimal Device Strength Distribution Rule (ODSDR) for pin-supported walls with the objective to minimize the absolute wall bending moment and the construction cost. The proposed ODSDR is based on an analytic model and comprises three major steps: (1) formulation of demand equations for seismic actions and floor bending moments; (2) development of capacity equations induced by dampers and pin-supported wall; and (3) establishment of a damper design equation focused on minimizing the absolute bending moments of pin-supported walls. Then, a six-story pin-supported wall frame structures model was created in OpenSees to validate the proposed method. Devices were designed according to the ODSDR and distributed along the building height, as well as for comparison with uniform devices distributed along the building height and devices concentrated at the pin-supported wall hinge. The results from the analysis model were compared with those obtained from the OpenSees model, and the seismic performance of three device allocation methods was evaluated. The results demonstrate that the ODSDR can effectively reduce the bending moments in the walls without compromising seismic performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 109428"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Onsite intensity prediction for earthquake early warning with multimodal deep learning","authors":"Jingbao Zhu ,&nbsp;Shanyou Li ,&nbsp;Qiang Ma ,&nbsp;Jindong Song","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid and accurate prediction of onsite intensity is essential for evaluating earthquake damage to the ground and buildings in earthquake early warning (EEW). Some scholars have used a single feature (such as peak displacement) extracted from the P-wave to establish onsite intensity prediction equations or employ single-mode data (such as seismic waves) to establish machine learning prediction models. However, accurately predicting onsite intensity using one type of data and limited information is difficult. To effectively utilize the information within data of different modalities and improve the reliability of onsite intensity prediction, using earthquake events collected from the Japanese K-NET network, we propose the Multimodal Onsite Intensity Predictor (MOIPor) based on deep learning for EEW and explore the feasibility of MOIPor for onsite intensity prediction in the region of Japan. MOIPor extracts features from three different multimodal data, namely, time-domain data, spectrum data, and text data, obtained from a single station and then uses feature fusion and a multilayer perceptron to output the predicted onsite intensity. The results show that when data from 3 s after the P-wave arrival are used in the test dataset, the reliability of the onsite intensity prediction of MOIPor is greater than that of baseline models. Moreover, we applied MOIPor to the 2021 M7.3 earthquake sequence along the coast of Fukushima in Japan for offline testing, and within 5 s after P-wave arrival, the accuracy of successful alarms based on the intensity predicted by MOIPor exceeded 90 %, with no false alarms. We infer from the results that MOIPor can predict onsite intensity for EEW quickly and reliably in the Japanese region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 109430"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flowability for viscous fluid flow triggering liquefaction in saturated coral sand subjected to principal stress rotation","authors":"You Qin ,&nbsp;Hui Long ,&nbsp;Qi Wu ,&nbsp;Wei-Jia Ma ,&nbsp;Guo-Xing Chen ,&nbsp;Hai-Yang Zhuang","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The reasonable determination of cyclic resistance in saturated sand is crucial for ensuring the long-term stability of marine structures. This paper investigates the liquefaction-induced flow characteristics of saturated coral sand specimens under complex cyclic loading conditions through cyclic shear tests with varying stress paths and frequencies. Experimental results demonstrate significant differences in deviatoric strain amplitude at the initial attainment of zero effective stress under different cyclic stress paths. To characterize cyclic resistance under complex loading, we introduce the unit cyclic stress ratio as a novel index. Notably, there are substantial differences in cyclic resistance between excess pore-water pressure (<em>u</em>_e)-based and strain-based failure criteria across various cyclic loading modes. The specimens subjected to cyclic loading exhibit viscous fluid-like properties, leading us to propose a viscous fluid flow cyclic failure criterion within a comprehensive framework that considers both <em>u</em>_e and strain. For practical engineering applications, it is noteworthy that cyclic resistance obtained from the viscous fluid damage criterion demonstrates greater conservatism, thereby providing enhanced safety assurance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 109412"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-hazard fragility analysis of cross-sea cable-stayed bridges cable bent tower under seismic-wind combined action","authors":"Yan Liang,&nbsp;Yu-zhen Kong,&nbsp;Li Yan,&nbsp;Zheng-hao Zhao,&nbsp;Pin-wu Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cable-stayed bridges are one of the primary bridge types for large-span cross-sea bridges, especially in earthquake-prone regions. These bridges face not only the threat of seismic disasters but are also continuously exposed to the adverse effects of strong winds. Under the combined influence of both earthquakes and wind loads, the safety of cable-stayed bridges has become a key focus in disaster-resilience research. However, research on the disaster-resilient performance of cable-stayed bridges under multi-hazard interactions remains relatively limited. Therefore, this study focuses on the multi-hazard fragility of cross-sea cable-stayed bridges' main load-bearing component, the towers. First, a finite element model of the entire cable-stayed bridge is developed, followed by the construction of a cable-stayed bridge tower model through static and dynamic equivalence. Based on the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) database, seismic wave data is selected. Different heights of fluctuating wind speeds for the tower are simulated and converted into concentrated force time-history curves. Through nonlinear time-history analysis, the multi-hazard fragility of the tower in cable-stayed bridges under seismic-wind combined action is studied. The results show that seismic-wind combined action leads to increased dynamic responses of the tower of cable-stayed bridges. Taking the case of slight damage to the tower under the combined action of rare seismic and different wind speeds (30, 40, 50 m/s) as an example, the probabilities are 15.9 %, 17.0 %, and 20.1 %, respectively. Compared with the seismic action alone, there was an increase of 1.3 %, 2.4 %, and 5.5 % respectively. Under seismic-wind combined action, the fragility of the tower significantly increases. However, as the seismic intensity increases, the influence of wind speed on tower damage gradually decreases, and the extensive damage degree of the tower is mainly controlled by seismic action.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 109422"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal shock absorption performance of energy dissipation prestressing joint between shield tunnel rings","authors":"Haisong Luo ,&nbsp;Chuanfeng Zheng ,&nbsp;Lizhi Du ,&nbsp;Weidong Jin ,&nbsp;HanzheZhao ,&nbsp;Tianwei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the issue of damage and failure of circumferential joints in shield tunnels under strong earthquakes, this study proposes an energy dissipation prestressing joint (EDPJ) installed between shield tunnel rings. The basic structure and design method of the EDPJ are given. The mechanical properties of the main energy dissipation elements are tested by means of quasi-static experiments. A refined three-dimensional numerical model is developed to study the hysteresis behaviour of EDPJ. The damping performance of tunnels applying EDPJ is evaluated based on the generalised response displacement method. The results demonstrate that the damping force generated by the energy dissipating element of EDPJ is consistently stable, and the hysteresis curve shows a full rectangle. The EDPJ exhibits a well capacity for energy dissipation under cyclic loading, with a notable reduction in concrete damage, internal force, and opening width. The opening width between shield tunnel rings with EDPJ is significantly reduced for different earthquake magnitudes. The suitable arrangement of the EDPJs and the increase of the prestressing levels contribute to the improvement of the seismic damping effect of the joints. This study can provide reference for the design of longitudinal damping measures for shield tunnel engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 109418"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shaking table test and numerical study of high-speed railway simply supported girder bridge with combined damping system subjected to strong earthquakes","authors":"Zhangliang Hu ,&nbsp;Jixin Zhang ,&nbsp;Biao Wei ,&nbsp;Lizhong Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109423","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To reduce the damage of high-speed railway bridges in strong earthquake areas, this paper innovatively proposed a composite damping system consisting of “friction pendulum bearing (FPB) + metal dampers + limited-plates'. A scaled shaking table test and numerical simulations of a high-speed railway simply supported girder bridge under various earthquake intensities of 9° (frequently occurred earthquake (FOE), fortification earthquake (FE), and rarely occurred earthquake (ROE)) were performed to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the composite damping system. The test results showed that in the case of FOE, the scaled bridge was intact; in the case of FE, the FPBs started sliding after the shear pins being cut off, and the metal dampers deformed accordingly, causing microcracks in the bottom of piers; in the case of ROE, the beam collide with the limited-plates, limiting the relative displacement of the pier and girder and extending the cracks on the base of the piers without concrete peeling. Then, a finite element model equipped with the composite damping system was calibrated by the test results. Furthermore, from the perspectives of seismic reduction rate and energy dissipation, it was further clarified that the combined damping system exhibited graded energy dissipation, seismic isolation, and displacement limitation functions, demonstrating superior seismic isolation performance. The research can offer a novel approach for the isolation technology of high-speed railway bridges in high intensity earthquake areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 109423"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyclic shear stress reduction ratio evaluation for liquefiable ground treated by in-ground structural walls","authors":"Yu-Wei Hwang ,&nbsp;Jiun-Shiang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil liquefaction during seismic events may pose significant risks to the stability of buildings and infrastructure. This study assesses the effectiveness of reducing cyclic shear stress for liquefiable ground treated with in-ground structural walls, simulating an existing foundation surrounded by these walls. The enclosed, in-ground structural walls mitigate liquefaction hazards by reducing shear stress and limiting excess pore pressure generation within enclosed soils. A simplified method was developed to estimate the cyclic shear stress reduction ratio for treated grounds to improve seismic resilience. Numerical simulations were conducted using a series of three-dimensional, fully coupled, nonlinear, dynamic finite element analyses. The investigation focused on assessing the impact of wall spacing, penetration depth (i.e., the thickness of the critical liquefiable layer), and flexural stiffness on shear stress reduction. The results indicated that closer wall spacing and greater wall stiffness enhanced stress reduction, while the thickness of the liquefiable layer also played a critical role in system performance. Importantly, the impact of the in-ground walls on cyclic shear stress reduction across the critical layer depth became minor when the wall spacing exceeded 16 m. A simplified procedure based on the numerical database was proposed for estimating the cyclic shear stress reduction ratio, incorporating factors such as wall spacing and rigidity. Uncertainty estimation was quantified through a probabilistic model factor derived from Bayesian inference. This gave the engineers tools to assess the risks of liquefaction based on safety factors for treated ground. The insight from the numerical database and the simplified procedure aims to guide the design of liquefaction mitigation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 109414"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of reconsolidation on the reliquefaction behavior of sand under cyclic simple shear: A 3D discrete element perspective","authors":"Wentian Xia ,&nbsp;Zhijian Qiu ,&nbsp;Junjie Zheng ,&nbsp;Yewei Zheng ,&nbsp;Qixin Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In practical engineering, earthquake-induced liquefaction can occur more than once in sandy soils. The existence of low-permeable soil layers, such as clay and silty layers in situ, may hinder the dissipation of excess pore pressure within sand (or reconsolidation) after the occurrence of liquefaction due to the mainshock and therefore weaken the reliquefaction resistance of sand under an aftershock. To gain more mesomechanical insights into the reduced reliquefaction resistance of the reconsolidated sand under aftershock, a series of discrete element simulations of undrained cyclic simple shear tests were carried out on granular specimens with different degrees of reconsolidation. During both the first (mainshock) and second (aftershock) cyclic shearing processes, the evolution of the load-bearing structure of the granular specimens was quantified through a contact-normal-based fabric tensor. The interplay between mesoscopic structure evolutions and external loadings can well explain the decrease in reliquefaction resistance during an aftershock.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 109415"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and empirical shear modulus reduction curves for a wide range of strains","authors":"P. Anbazhagan ,&nbsp;Kunjari Mog ,&nbsp;Mir Zeeshan Ali ,&nbsp;B Sai Laxman","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the shear modulus reduction behavior of soils under varying strain levels is vital for predicting soil response during seismic events. This study investigates the shear modulus reduction of diverse soil types using combined resonant column and cyclic triaxial tests. A single specimen is employed for both small and large strain ranges, which differs from conventional approaches that utilize two separate specimens. The shear modulus is assessed using different elastic moduli (E₁, E′₁, E₂, and E₃) within the stress-strain hysteresis loop, considering both compressional and extensional cyclic loadings. Results show significant deviation in secant moduli (G₁, G′₁, G₂, and G₃), varying from less than 20 % at small strains to 25–130 % at large strains, with hysteretic behavior becoming more asymmetrical at higher shear strains. Confining pressure (CP), relative density (RD), and coefficient of uniformity (C_U) are identified as critical factors influencing modulus reduction. A two-parameter model was developed to accurately capture the strain-dependent normalized shear modulus behavior. Parameter ‘<em>a</em>’ is found to be independent of RD, CP, and C_U, while reference strain <em>‘γ</em>_ref<em>’</em> shows a strong dependency on confining pressure with an indeterminate relationship with relative density. Poorly graded soils exhibit higher stiffness with greater <em>‘γ</em>_ref<em>’</em> values. The newly proposed mean, upper and lower bound curves can predict normalized shear modulus up to 10 % shear strains, significantly enhancing predictive capabilities beyond the typical 1 % strain limits of existing models. This improvement provides a more accurate basis for seismic response analysis, particularly in regions with similar soil types.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 109413"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}