Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Seismic response control of recentering steel frame with innovative SMA-high damping rubber dampers under sequential earthquakes","authors":"Dexin Wei ,&nbsp;Yifei Shi ,&nbsp;Hui Qian ,&nbsp;Zongao Li ,&nbsp;Hongnan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a novel self-centering high-damping rubber damper (SMA-HRD), incorporating shape memory alloy (SMA) filament ropes, was developed. Both the conventional high-damping rubber damper (HRD) and the SMA components were designed and tested, with an assessment of their mechanical properties across various loading frequencies. A finite element model of a self-centering functional steel frame equipped with this damper was established to perform seismic time-course analysis under the main aftershock sequence. The results indicated that the hysteresis curve of the HRD becomes fuller as the loading frequency increases. Similarly, the hysteresis curve of the SMA-HRD also becomes fuller with increasing loading frequency, and the resetting effect is pronounced due to the inclusion of the SMA filament rope. Displacement time-history analysis of the main aftershock sequence showed that an ordinary steel frame still had unrecoverable deformation 20 s after the mainshock, creating unfavorable initial conditions for the subsequent aftershock and exacerbating further damage to the structure. Under rare earthquake conditions, the peak and residual interstory drift of ordinary steel frames surpassed the limits set by seismic codes. The maximum interstory drift angle of self-centering nodal frames also surpassed these thresholds. However, frames equipped with SMA-HRD and SMA-HRD composite self-centering nodal frames demonstrated superior seismic performance. Notably, the SMA-HRD significantly reduced the peak interstory displacement in the self-centering nodal frames, demonstrating its potential to enhance seismic resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 109033"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on seismic performance of friction energy-dissipating prefabricated concrete frame joints","authors":"Ziyi Zeng ,&nbsp;Changqing Miao ,&nbsp;Chuanzhi Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To enhance the seismic performance, assembly efficiency, and post-earthquake repairability of precast structures, this study proposes a novel friction energy-dissipating precast concrete beam-column joint. The design features pre-embedded steel connections in columns and beams, facilitating energy dissipation via controlled relative slip between the flange cover plates and the embedded steel structures. Experimental investigations were conducted on four specimens, including one cast-in-place concrete joint and three friction energy-dissipating precast concrete joints. Parameters such as energy dissipation capacity, stiffness degradation, and post-earthquake repairability were analyzed based on recorded failure modes and hysteretic curves. The results indicate the reliability of the proposed joint. Compared to cast-in-place concrete joints, the novel friction energy-dissipating precast concrete joint demonstrates significantly improved ductility, a 23 % increase in energy dissipation capacity, and enhanced overall seismic performance. Furthermore, increasing the thickness of the flange cover plate improves joint ductility with minimal impact on bearing capacity. The incorporation of semi-rigid connections in the joint core area effectively delays damage to the main reinforced concrete portion. The detailed finite element model has enough accuracy in predicting the behavior of friction energy-dissipating joints and finite element simulation results sufficiently show that the energy dissipation at the joints is in the form of frictional energy dissipation. In conclusion, the novel friction energy-dissipating precast concrete joint presents a promising avenue for further improvement and application in precast concrete frame structures, addressing the demand for enhanced seismic resilience, efficient assembly, and post-earthquake repairability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 109059"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic risk transfer in multi-span simply supported beam bridges for high-speed railways","authors":"Lijun Xiong ,&nbsp;Wangbao Zhou ,&nbsp;Lizhong Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces an innovative method for seismic risk transfer in multi-span simply supported beam bridges used in high-speed railways. By integrating seismic risk transfer devices within bridge segments, the seismic risk is efficiently redirected to subgrade segments, thereby mitigating the seismic response of the bridge structure. Finite element models were created using OpenSees, and nonlinear time history analyses were performed with 40 sets of ground motion records to assess the impact of the seismic risk transfer system on both bridge and track structures. The study also examined the influence of the stiffness and yield displacement of the risk transfer devices on their effectiveness. Furthermore, a seismic response and damage assessment method based on hypothesis testing was proposed. This method was utilized to calculate and discuss the impact factors of the seismic risk transfer system for various pier heights and span numbers, and to evaluate its effect on the seismic damage risk of critical components. The findings demonstrate that the seismic risk transfer system can significantly reduce the variability in seismic responses across different spans, thereby enhancing overall seismic performance. The system transfers the seismic response of mid-span structures to side spans and subgrade segments, facilitating post-earthquake repairs and improving the overall economic efficiency of the bridge structure. This research provides new insights into the seismic design of high-speed railway multi-span simply supported beam bridges and holds significant implications for post-earthquake repair cost control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 109057"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing the influence of particle size distribution on the maximum shear modulus of soil with an interpretable machine learning framework and laboratory test dataset","authors":"Xingyang Liu ,&nbsp;Degao Zou ,&nbsp;Yuan Chen ,&nbsp;Huafu Pei ,&nbsp;Zhanchao Li ,&nbsp;Linsong Sun ,&nbsp;Laifu Song","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The maximum shear modulus (<em>G</em>_max) is a key parameter used to characterize the dynamic properties of soils. In this research, a dataset was systematically collected and constructed through literature review. It comprises 2782 instances of <em>G</em>_max values and their influencing factors for various soil types, aimed at examining the effect of particle size distribution on the <em>G</em>_max. The eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm was employed to develop the predictive model for <em>G</em>_max, followed by the enhancement of model's performance through Bayesian Optimization (BO) algorithm. After comparison with other empirical models, the BO-XGBoost model was selected as the best model. Finally, the prediction of BO-XGBoost was interpreted using the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) framework in order to overcome the black box problem of traditional machine learning methods. The results suggest that SHAP effectively extracts critical information from the data when data labels are appropriately configured, thereby augmenting the reliability of the prediction outcomes. Globally, the feature importance ranking and the direction of correlations between input features and the output variable align with the prior knowledge. Locally, however, the importance ranking of features for individual samples may deviate from the global trend. Meanwhile, the influence of identical input features can vary across different samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 109031"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel cluster-based framework for developing correlation model and its implementation for spectral acceleration","authors":"Falak Vats,&nbsp;Dhiman Basu","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel framework is proposed in this paper for constructing a correlation model of spectral acceleration directly from the database (without using any GMPE). The proposed framework first numerically constructs the correlation structures contingent on the multidimensional clusters (bins). These numerically constructed correlation structures are next idealized accounting for any trends that may exist against the seismological parameters. This framework is implemented using the NGA-West2 database for five definitions of intensity measure (RotD100, RotD50, Geo-mean, GMRotD100, and GMRotD50). The correlation structure is observed to be independent of the definitions of the intensity measure. Systematic trends are also observed against the seismological parameters: a) reduction in correlation with increasing moment-magnitude; and b) reduction in correlation with increasing Joyner-Boore distance. These trends are expected due to the lowering of corner frequency in power spectra with increasing moment-magnitude; and amplitude decay of higher modes with increasing Joyner-Boore distance, respectively. An idealized correlation model using a few parameters is next proposed accounting for these observed trends. The existing correlation models (independent of seismological parameters) based on the NGA-West2 database (or its subsets) do not represent the correlation structure with sufficient accuracy. The influence of the proposed correlation model on the conditional mean spectrum is also discussed against the state-of-the-art correlation model (which is reported to be independent of the seismological parameters). Overall, the proposed model taking into account the possible influence of seismological parameters is expected to be a valuable input for various earthquake engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 109056"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robust optimization of SMA-FPS isolation system with uncertain parameters for response control subjected to seismic excitations","authors":"Dasari Sreeman,&nbsp;Bijan Kumar Roy","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The friction pendulum system (FPS) experience large displacements at the isolation level under strong ground motions and exhibits significant residual displacements after the seismic event. To overcome these residual displacements, the shape memory alloy (SMA) can be effectively utilized in FPS isolation systems due to its superelastic property, which is particularly advantageous for re-centering capabilities and energy dissipation through hysteresis behavior. This study introduces a seismic isolation device that integrates SMA with an FPS isolation system (SMA-FPS) for seismic control of structures. However, few studies have been performed on the SMA-FPS isolation system to evaluate its seismic response, with the assumption that all system parameters are deterministic and precisely known. The system parameter uncertainties can influence the structural response and lead to inaccurate estimation of SMA-FPS. To emphasize the significance of uncertainties, this study performs parametric and optimization studies on the SMA-FPS isolation system. However, the optimal design of seismic isolation usually involves only minimizing the unconditional top storey root mean square acceleration (RMSA) as the performance function, which could lead to a significant variation in the response due to fluctuations in system parameter uncertainty. To obtain a more effective optimum design of SMA-FPS system, a robust design optimization (RDO) of SMA-FPS isolation system is performed, in which both mean value and variability of the performance function can optimize. The robustness of the SMA-FPS isolated building is achieved by making the system less sensitive to variations due to uncertain parameters. For this, the effectiveness of the proposed RDO approach and unconditional optimization approach are compared by analyzing a five-storey building equipped with SMA-FPS isolation system. The pareto fronts results shows, a significant reduction in performance variation is obtained through the proposed RDO approach, accompanied by a slight increase in RMSA responses, which improves the robustness of the SMA-FPS isolation system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 109055"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on progressive damage mechanics and fracture mechanism of natural and water-saturated sandstones under dynamic load","authors":"Rongxi Shen ,&nbsp;Lingyan Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhoujie Gu ,&nbsp;Shi Yan ,&nbsp;Enhu Tan ,&nbsp;Xiulei Wang ,&nbsp;Hailiang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to study the mechanical characteristics and damage evolution law of natural and water-bearing sandstone under cyclic impact load, cyclic impact test was carried out on sandstone by separating Hopkinson compression bar, the damage evolution law of sandstone in natural and water-saturated state was analyzed, and sandstone damage model was established. It was shown that while the modulus of elasticity and peak stress decreased with the number of cycle impacts, the strain rate of sandstones in both their natural and water-saturated states rose. The peak stresses in the natural water-bearing state and the saturated state were 25.53 MPa and 23.63 MPa, 37.25 MPa and 43.35 MPa, 64.82 MPa and 54.34 MPa, respectively, under the same impact velocity. This clearly demonstrated that the peak stress of sandstone was significantly higher in the natural water-bearing state than it was in the water-saturated state, and that the peak stress increased significantly with the increase in velocity. The damage variables under the peak strain are 0.45 and 0.55, 0.53 and 0.61, 0.62 and 0.69, and the damage of sandstone in the natural state is less than that in the saturated state, and the greater the impact velocity, the greater the damage. A sandstone damage model utilizing statistical damage theory and regression analysis was successfully established, and the overall fit of the model was good. It was shown that water decreases the mechanical strength of sandstone, but increases it when the dynamic load is increased. Under cyclic impact conditions, there is a critical dynamic load situation. Smaller dynamic loads cause an increase, followed by a drop in sandstone mechanical strength, whereas higher loads cause a decreasing trend in sandstone mechanical strength. Finally, the experimental study's findings are summarized, and a prediction model for forecasting the dynamic damage of sandstone samples in various water bearing conditions is offered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 109043"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Torsional response of pile partially embedded in fractional-order viscoelastic unsaturated transversely isotropic soil","authors":"Wenjie Ma ,&nbsp;Eng-Choon Leong ,&nbsp;Xu Wang ,&nbsp;Binglong Wang ,&nbsp;Shunhua Zhou ,&nbsp;Changdan Wang ,&nbsp;Bolin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study offers a comprehensive and advanced understanding of the torsional response of piles partially embedded in fractional-order viscoelastic unsaturated transversely isotropic soils, accurately capturing the true viscoelastic properties and particle orientation of the soil as formed during deposition. Based on Biot's three-phase porous media wave equations and considering the coupling effects between the immiscible fluids (water and air) in the pores, the dynamic governing equations for fractional-order viscoelastic unsaturated transversely isotropic soil are established. The soil vibration displacement is solved using the method of separation of variables. In the frequency domain, employing the transfer matrix method and considering the continuity and boundary conditions of the pile-soil system for both the embedded and exposed portions, the analytical solution for the torsional complex impedance at the pile head of a partially embedded single pile in fractional-order viscoelastic unsaturated transversely isotropic soil is derived. Furthermore, a semi-analytical solution for the pile head response in the time domain under half-sine pulse excitation is obtained through inverse Fourier transform and convolution theorem. Numerical examples are presented to investigate the effects of the parameters of the fractional-order viscoelastic constitutive model and the pile-soil parameters on the torsional complex impedance at the pile head.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 109053"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of seismic ground response and soil-structure interaction on step-like topography due to rock-outcrop motions","authors":"Fatih Göktepe ,&nbsp;Kubilay Coşkun","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the impact of step-like ground slopes on free-field motions at different excitation frequencies. Furthermore, numerical analyses were also performed to evaluate how variations in dynamic soil displacements due to kinematic interaction affect the seismic response of the building. To analyze the complex wave propagation mechanism within the scope of this study, 1-D and 2-D wave propagation models were developed using the geometry and the dynamic soil properties based on the literature. The 2-D finite element model of topographical irregularities was calibrated in terms of lateral acceleration behavior using both recorded values and previously computed data by researchers. The evaluation of seismic ground response includes the amplification effects on acceleration-time histories and the response spectra utilized in seismic codes. Additionally, the 2-D dynamic response of buildings with different periods was investigated considering the influence of topography-soil-structure interaction resulting from rock-outcrop motions. Results indicate significant role of particular factors in the variability of intense amplification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 109039"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A framework for rapid seismic performance and fragility analysis of earth slopes considering uncertainties","authors":"Mohammad Dadrasi Abibeiglou ,&nbsp;Marzieh Khayyati Motlagh ,&nbsp;Javid Ashrafifar ,&nbsp;Mohsen Hajihassani","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is acknowledged that various sources of uncertainties play a vital role in the seismic vulnerability of slope systems, while many studies ignore these sources in seismic assessments. This is because seismic performance and fragility evaluation of large soil-structure systems is challenging and computationally intensive by conventional nonlinear dynamic analysis methods, especially when the modeling uncertainties are considered. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a new framework for addressing uncertainties in the seismic evaluation of earth slopes using the Endurance Time Analysis (ETA) method. The ETA method is a dynamic pushover procedure in which the slope is subjected to a limited number of artificial intensifying records, and seismic responses are obtained over a continuous range of seismic intensities. For the purpose of this study, probabilistic two-dimensional numerical simulations of earth slopes are created using the FLAC software by considering the soil parameters uncertainty. Latine Hypercube Sampling is employed to generate random simulations. The models are then subjected to the intensifying prefabricated excitations based on the ETA method, and the fragility curves of the slope are obtained in three damage states by considering and not considering uncertainties. The results indicate that as the endurance time, which is a kind of intensity measure, increases, the uncertainties of seismic responses also increase. This shows that the effects of uncertainties become more significant when the slope is subjected to strong ground motions. Additionally, the influence of modeling uncertainty is negligible in the slight damage state, but significant in the extensive damage state. The proposed framework provides an effective and rapid way for performing the fragility and associated risk analysis of earth slopes considering uncertainties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 109058"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}