Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering最新文献

{"title":"One-dimensional consolidation analysis of normally consolidated soft clays under vibratory loads","authors":"Fan Xia,&nbsp;Tangdai Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces a novel methodology to address consolidation under long-term cyclic loading. The approach simplifies analysis by neglecting cyclic load induced fluctuations and by decomposing the cyclic load into a static load and a vibratory load without net tensile or compressive tendency over time. One-dimensional vibration consolidation tests are proposed to investigate the consolidation behavior of normally consolidated soil under vibratory loading. These tests yield a normal vibration consolidation line, which visually represents the consolidation effect of a given vibratory load on normally consolidated soil under different consolidation pressures. Based on these test results, a mathematical model is developed. This model incorporates a constitutive relationship that accounts for both the decrease in effective stress due to the structural damage caused by the vibratory load and the increase in effective stress due to the compression of the soil skeleton. The governing equation, with void ratio and effective stress as dependent variables, comprehensively describes the state change process of soil elements during vibration consolidation. Numerical solutions are then employed to analyze this process in detail.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 109241"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143095294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parametric analysis of sedimentary V-shaped canyon for seismic response of canyon-crossing bridges","authors":"Wang Mingdong ,&nbsp;Zhang Fan ,&nbsp;Wang Wenzhe ,&nbsp;Hou Fenghuan ,&nbsp;Li Shuai ,&nbsp;Wang Jingquan","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109227","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109227","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous earthquakes reveal that the sedimentary V-shaped canyon (SVC) may result in severe damage of canyon-crossing bridges (CCBs). The seismic response of CCB is affected by various parameters, including sedimentary soil characteristics and fault rupture mechanisms. However, these influential parameters of SVC on the seismic response of CCB have not been sufficiently studied in the existing literature. Thus, this study aims to identify the most influential factor on the seismic response of bridges across SVC using parametric analysis. For this purpose, the spectral element method (SEM) is adopted to simulate the wavefield of SVC considering the fault dynamic rupture. The characteristics of ground motions in the Forward region (FR) and the Middle region (MR) are investigated. The sensitivity of ground motions recorded in SVC to four main influential factors (i.e. shear wave velocity of sedimentary soil <em>V</em>_s, the ratio of sedimentary soil depth to canyon depth <em>d</em>/<em>D</em>, layer sequence <em>O</em>, and fault-to-canyon distance <em>R</em>_rup) is numerically evaluated. Furthermore, the parametric analysis is performed to estimate the impact of these influential parameters on the seismic response of a CCB. The results reveal that the amplitudes of pulse-type ground motions in the illuminated side of SVC increase with the decrease of <em>V</em>_s. As the <em>V</em>_s decreases from 2300 m/s to 400 m/s, the residual deformations of four bearings increase by 293 %, 93 %, 451 %, and 292 %, respectively. When the <em>d</em>/<em>D</em> is 0.3, the velocity pulse ground motions in SVC have the largest PGVs. The base shear of the piers in the case of <em>d</em>/<em>D</em> = 0.3 increases by more than 77.3 % compared to that without considering the sedimentary soil (<em>d</em>/<em>D</em> = 0). The inverted sequence may result in larger seismic responses of bearings and piers compared to normal sequence. <em>R</em>_rup has the most significant effect on the seismic response of CCBs. The higher-order effect and additional plastic hinges are more noticeable when <em>R</em>_rup is less than or equal to 7.5 km.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 109227"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143094776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic fragility analysis of shield tunnels in liquefiable layered deposits","authors":"Ling-Yu Xu ,&nbsp;Ju-Ping Xi ,&nbsp;Jia-Wei Jiang ,&nbsp;Fei Cai ,&nbsp;Ye-Jun Sun ,&nbsp;Guo-Xing Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ensuring the structural resilience of shield tunnels is critical in seismically active regions. Liquefaction induced by seismic activity poses an additional hazard to tunnel safety. The study performed seismic fragility analysis using the incremental dynamic analysis method which utilized a finite element model of a saturated porous seabed shield tunnel. The findings highlighted that different liquefaction mechanisms are observed in different types of the soil surrounding the tunnel. The thickness of the fine sand layer (FSL) surrounding the tunnel significantly affects seabed liquefaction depth and the tunnel's maximum bending moment (<em>M</em>_max). The highest <em>M</em>_max and damage probabilities were observed when the tunnel was entirely embedded in the FSL, whereas the smallest <em>M</em>_max and lowest damage probabilities occurred when the tunnel was partially within the sand and clay. This study could also provide some insights on seismic mitigation strategies in subsea shield tunnels and the soil type influences the timing of <em>M</em>_max occurrence and emphasized the critical role of seismic frequency in determining the tunnel's response.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 109246"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143095293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic performance of continuous bridges under mainshock-aftershock-like sequences with rotatable bonded laminated rubber bearings accommodating support rotation","authors":"Nailiang Xiang ,&nbsp;Jian Wang ,&nbsp;Hanxiang Xu ,&nbsp;Xiaoxue Wu ,&nbsp;Zixiang Wan ,&nbsp;Xu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Continuous bridges are often equipped with bonded laminated rubber bearings (B-LRBs) to accommodate the thermal movements of bridge superstructure. In addition to the shear and compression stresses typically experienced by B-LRBs, support rotations can introduce pure bending stresses, which pose a significant threat to the behavior of bearings. This study proposes a rotatable B-LRB configuration aimed at mitigating the adverse effects of support rotations. The longitudinal seismic responses of a two-span continuous bridge, equipped with conventional and rotatable B-LRBs, were analyzed and compared under mainshock-only and mainshock-aftershock earthquake scenarios. The results highlight the substantial impact of support rotations on bearing forces, with rotation-induced bending moments accounting for 40%–80 % of the total bending moment in conventional B-LRBs. This effect significantly increases the risk of bearing failure, which, however, can be effectively eliminated with the rotatable B-LRBs. The effectiveness of the rotatable bearings is particularly evident during mainshock-aftershock sequences. Premature failure of conventional B-LRBs during mainshocks exacerbates bridge damage in the subsequent aftershocks, leading to catastrophic consequences such as span unseating, which contradicts the seismic design strategy of ductile bridge piers. In contrast, the rotatable B-LRBs can prevent the failures associated with the bearings, contributing to a more predictable bridge seismic response.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 109234"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143094778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fuzzy-based method for seismic soil structure interaction and performance evaluation of subway stations","authors":"Yiyao Shen ,&nbsp;M. Hesham El Naggar ,&nbsp;Dong-Mei Zhang ,&nbsp;Liyun Li ,&nbsp;Xiuli Du","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The selection of representative ground motion intensity measure (<em>IM</em>) and structural engineering demand parameter (<em>EDP</em>) is the crucial prerequisite for evaluating structural seismic performance within the performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE) framework. This study focuses on this crucial step in developing the probabilistic seismic demand model for two-story and three-span subway stations exposed to transverse seismic loadings in three different ground conditions. The equivalent linearization approach is used to simulate the shear modulus degradation and the increase in damping characteristics of the soil under seismic excitation. Nonlinear fiber beam-column elements are adopted to characterize the nonlinear hysteretic degradation of the subway station structure during seismic events. A total of 21 far-field ground motions are selected from the PEER strong ground motion database. Nonlinear incremental dynamic analyses (IDAs) are conducted to evaluate the seismic response of the subway station. A suite of 23 ground motion <em>IM</em>s is evaluated using the criteria of correlation, efficiency, practicality, and proficiency. Then, a multi-level fuzzy evaluation method is employed to integrate these evaluation criteria and determine the optimal ground motion <em>IM</em>s in different ground conditions. The peak ground acceleration and sustained maximum acceleration are demonstrated to be the optimal ground motion <em>IM</em> candidates for shallowly buried rectangular underground structures in site classes I, II, and III, while the root-mean-square displacement and compound displacement are found to be not suitable for this purpose.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 109225"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143095197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Convolutional autoencoder-based ground motion clustering and selection","authors":"Yiming Jia ,&nbsp;Mehrdad Sasani","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ground motion selection has become increasingly central to the assessment of earthquake resilience. The selection of ground motion records for use in nonlinear dynamic analysis significantly affects structural response. This, in turn, will impact the outcomes of earthquake resilience analysis. This paper presents a new ground motion clustering algorithm, which can be embedded in current ground motion selection methods to properly select representative ground motion records that a structure of interest will probabilistically experience. The proposed clustering-based ground motion selection method includes four main steps: 1) leveraging domain-specific knowledge to pre-select candidate ground motions; 2) using a convolutional autoencoder to learn low-dimensional underlying characteristics of candidate ground motions’ response spectra – i.e., latent features; 3) performing k-means clustering to classify the learned latent features, equivalent to cluster the response spectra of candidate ground motions; and 4) embedding the clusters in the conditional spectra-based ground motion selection. The selected ground motions can represent a given hazard level well (by matching conditional spectra) and fully describe the complete set of candidate ground motions. Three case studies for modified, pulse-type, and non-pulse-type ground motions are designed to evaluate the performance of the proposed ground motion clustering algorithm (convolutional autoencoder + k-means). Considering the limited number of pre-selected candidate ground motions in the last two case studies, the response spectra simulation and transfer learning are used to improve the stability and reproducibility of the proposed ground motion clustering algorithm. The results of the three case studies demonstrate that the convolutional autoencoder + k-means can 1) achieve 100 % accuracy in classifying ground motion response spectra, 2) correctly determine the optimal number of clusters, and 3) outperform established clustering algorithms (i.e., autoencoder + k-means, time series k-means, spectral clustering, and k-means on ground motion influence factors). Using the proposed clustering-based ground motion selection method, an application is performed to select ground motions for a structure in San Francisco, California. The developed user-friendly codes are published for practical use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 109240"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143094835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subgrade cumulative deformation probabilistic prediction method based on machine learning","authors":"Zhixing Deng ,&nbsp;Linrong Xu ,&nbsp;Yongwei Li ,&nbsp;Yunhao Chen ,&nbsp;Na Su ,&nbsp;Yuanxingzi He","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To overcome the issues of limited generalization ability and unreliable prediction outcomes in subgrade cumulative deformation (SCD) models, a probabilistic prediction approach combining a data-driven neural network (DEDNN) and the Bootstrap method is introduced. Firstly, three DEDNN models are developed based on ANNs and empirical information, and the optimal DEDNN model is determined through a multi-level comprehensive assessment system. Secondly, four Bootstrap algorithms are used to modify the uncertainty in the optimal DEDNN model, namely Pairs, Residuals, Wild, and Moving Block Bootstrap, to develop and prefer the probabilistic prediction model for SCD.</div><div>Ultimately, the optimal probabilistic prediction model is employed to perform advanced prediction analysis, assessing the long-term deformation stability of the subgrade. With the help of a subgrade test section and the excitation test, a case study is carried out. The findings indicate that integrating empirical information with neural networks significantly improves the overall performance of SCD prediction models, identifying the empiricism-constrained neural network (ECNN) as the optimal DEDNN model. The prediction intervals obtained by the four Bootstrap algorithms cover the measured SCD values, and the Wild Bootstrap algorithm is determined to be the optimal Bootstrap algorithm because it has the smallest <em>CWC</em> value (0.5170 mm). The SCD is controlled within 4 mm at the end of the excitation test, and the prediction upper limit from the advanced probabilistic prediction is stabilized at 4.62183 mm, indicating that the long-term SCD value meets the requirements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 109233"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143094834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pseudo-static interaction domains for caisson foundations","authors":"Domenico Gaudio,&nbsp;Cristian Passeri,&nbsp;Sebastiano Rampello","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Caisson foundations are typically adopted for critical facilities, such as long-span bridges and viaducts, which are designed against intense and combined loading. Seismic-induced waves propagating within the soil deposit add a detrimental contribution, which reduces the bearing capacity of the soil-foundation system: this phenomenon, known as “<em>kinematic effects”</em>, is typically not considered in the standard design of caisson foundations. In this paper, pseudo-static IDs of caisson foundations are obtained through effective-stress Finite Element pushover analyses for different embedment ratios and initial loading factors and then validated against numerical and experimental results available in the literature. In the analyses, the hypothesis of a constant and uniform seismic coefficient <em>k</em>_h is made: nonetheless, the assumption of a non-uniform distribution of the horizontal seismic coefficient is also considered via independent FE Limit Analysis. An analytical interpretation of the obtained IDs is finally provided, which may be successfully used for a preliminary design under seismic actions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 109242"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143095198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transfer learning-enhanced neural networks for seismic response prediction of high-speed railway simply supported bridges","authors":"Wei Guo ,&nbsp;Yongkang He ,&nbsp;Yao Hu ,&nbsp;Zian Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The seismic analysis of Chinese high-speed railway bridge-track system (i.e., CRTS II ballastless track structure) is crucial for assessing vehicle operational safety and facilitating the seismic design of bridge bearings and piers. Currently, the design code utilizes bridge models for seismic design but neglects the influence of the track structure situated above the bridge, thereby overlooking the vulnerability of components in the track structure. Developing full models of bridge-track systems would significantly increase computational intensity and time costs, especially for assessing the seismic performance of high-speed railway bridge lines. To tackle this issue, this paper introduces a transfer learning-enhanced neural network to rapidly predict the seismic responses of bridge-track systems with limited labeled data. Pairs of bridge models, one with and one without the presence of track structure, are developed to establish the relationship of seismic responses between bridge-only and bridge-track system models. The seismic responses derived from bridge models are utilized as input, while seismic responses from bridge-track system models serve as output for training gated recurrent unit neural networks. Transfer learning techniques, based on Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD), are employed to facilitate feature transfer between various high-speed railway bridge-track systems with varying spans, pier heights, and different types of bearings. The application of transfer learning significantly decreases data acquisition costs while improving the predictive accuracy of neural networks. Analysis results indicate that the proposed framework displays strong generalizability across new models and is both computationally efficient and effective in predicting the seismic responses of high-speed railway bridge-track systems. This method provides an alternative for rapidly evaluating the seismic performance of high-speed railway bridge lines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 109228"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143095191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Absorbing boundary conditions in material point method adopting perfectly matched layer theory","authors":"Jun Kurima ,&nbsp;Bodhinanda Chandra ,&nbsp;Kenichi Soga","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on solving the numerical challenges of imposing absorbing boundary conditions for dynamic simulations in the material point method (MPM). To attenuate elastic waves leaving the computational domain, the current work integrates the Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) theory into the implicit MPM framework. The proposed approach introduces absorbing particles surrounding the computational domain that efficiently absorb outgoing waves and reduce reflections, allowing for accurate modeling of wave propagation and its further impact on geotechnical slope stability analysis. The study also includes several benchmark tests to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, such as several types of impulse loading and symmetric and asymmetric base shaking. The conducted numerical tests also demonstrate the ability to handle large deformation problems, including the failure of elasto-plastic soils under gravity and dynamic excitations. The findings extend the capability of MPM in simulating continuous analysis of earthquake-induced landslides, from shaking to failure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 109219"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143094833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}