Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Centrifuge model test on the effect of soil fluidization on the bending moment of the sheet pile wall","authors":"Yan-Guo Zhou,&nbsp;Shuai Ning,&nbsp;Yuan Cao,&nbsp;Yun-Min Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The waterfront sheet pile wall is susceptible to rotation failure under seismic loadings, resuting in soil fuidization in backfill. According to the LEAP-GWU-2022 program, Zhejiang University conducted two dynamic centrifuge model tests to investigate the soil-wall interaction and the corresponding bending moments of the sheet pile wall in liquefiable groud. The model consisted of a bottom dense sand layer, and an overlying thick medium-dense sand layer retained by a sheet pile wall. The dynamic soil-wall interaction response was observed in terms of the accelerations and excess pore pressures of the ground, as well as the displacements, rotation angles and bending moments of the sheet pile wall. It is found that the rotation of the sheet pile wall has a significant impact on the soil-wall interaction, causing a mobilized soil fluidization within the backfill and the higher bending moments of sheet pile wall. Compared with the observations in centrifuge model tests, the calculation by existing pseudo-static method overestimates the seismic stability of sheet pile wall in saturated ground under seismic loading. Besides, this study provides an essential dataset for the theoretical and numerical analysis of the soil-wall interaction in a liquefiable ground retained by sheet pile wall.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 109411"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and extraction of surface waves for the Bogota basin","authors":"Julián Daza ,&nbsp;Andrea C. Riaño ,&nbsp;Valeria Soto ,&nbsp;Juan C. Reyes ,&nbsp;Fernando Lopez-Caballero","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bogota is located above a geometrically complex lacustrine basin in a moderate-seismicity zone. This basin has deep low shear wave velocities, which can significantly amplify seismic ground motions and generate surface waves. Surface waves have caused substantial damage during earthquakes, resulting in intense shaking of buildings and other structures. Therefore, the characterization of these surface waves is crucial in earthquake engineering, particularly in densely populated and urbanized cities like Bogota. Previous studies have analyzed surface waves recorded at this basin, identifying long-period surface waves from time–frequency representations. However, no study has used the polarization differences among Rayleigh retrograde, Rayleigh prograde, and Love waves to identify these surface waves nor extracted the related time series from the original recordings from Bogota. This study constitutes the first effort to identify and extract three types of surface waves: Rayleigh retrograde, Rayleigh prograde, and Love waves, from seismic recordings in the Bogotá basin. The <em>NIP</em> methodology was used to understand better their polarization and contributions to ground motion. The results show that the extracted surface waves consistently exhibit longer mean periods than the original seismic records. Love waves were observed more frequently and contributed more to the ground motion intensity than Rayleigh waves. The presence of Rayleigh waves in the records varies by source type; for some types, it depends on the source characteristics, while for others, their existence relates to the station’s position within the basin. The duration of ground shaking was significantly influenced by surface waves, especially Love waves, with variations depending on source type and station location. While the <em>NIP</em> methodology was effective, challenges arose in extracting waves when different types of waves significantly overlapped or had weak polarization. Future research could expand the dataset to include more seismic events, particularly those with higher magnitudes, and explore the role of geological features like the Suba Hills and Eastern Andes in the surface wave propagation characteristics. This study aims to enhance the understanding of surface wave behavior and support advancing seismic hazard models in Bogotá.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 109388"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and numerical study on the seismic mitigation performance of particle dampers on transmission tower-line system","authors":"Zheng Lu ,&nbsp;Yelei Shen ,&nbsp;Mengyao Zhou ,&nbsp;Kunjie Rong ,&nbsp;Li Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the limitation of traditional tuned mass dampers (TMDs) in controlling high-frequency vibrations at the lower part of transmission tower structures under earthquakes, this study adopts particle dampers (PDs) to control the seismic response of the transmission tower-line system (TTLS). A shaking table test is conducted on a scaled model of the TTLS to compare the control effects of PD and TMD. A discrete-element-finite-element coupling simulation method using ABAQUS is developed to model the TTLS with PD, accounting for the nonlinearities from multiple particle collisions within the PD and the tower-line coupling effect in the transmission system. The simulation method and the robustness of the PD are validated through the experiments. The results indicate that PD outperforms TMD in bandwidth with comparable auxiliary mass. The performance of TMD can be affected by the space-varying and the time-varying characteristics of seismic excitations. In contrast, due to the non-linear damping capability, PD suppresses acceleration responses in the lower part more effectively and reduces deformations in the upper part of the transmission tower. This makes PD a more robust option for the vibration control of TTLS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 109394"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics and mechanism of loess liquefaction-induced flow slide in Jishishan M6.2 earthquake, China","authors":"Lili Wang ,&nbsp;Lanmin Wang ,&nbsp;Wanli Xie ,&nbsp;Shiyang Xu ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Xia ,&nbsp;Tingru Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is generally believed that loess is not prone to liquefaction. However, on December 18, 2023, a magnitude 6.2 earthquake occurred in Gansu Province, China (35.70°N, 102.79°E), triggering a large-scale loess liquefaction-induced flow slide spanning 2.5 km, approximately 10 km from the epicenter. To understand the disaster-causing mechanism, this study obtained the physical and mechanical properties of loess in the source area through field surveys and laboratory tests, and characterized the liquefaction behavior of saturated loess layers. The findings indicate that the strong ground motion, saturated loess, and gentle slope collectively contribute to the prevailing dynamic, geological, and topographic conditions. The saturated loess layer primarily comprises silt particles with particle sizes less than 0.075 mm accounting for approximately 92.2 % of its composition. The saturated loess layer at a depth of 11m was liquefied under the action of seismic waves with a peak ground acceleration of 0.40 g, however, due to the unique pore structure of loess, it is observed that pore pressure development rate lags behind strain rise rate during liquefaction process. The majority of strain accumulation occurred during a distinct post-peak stabilization phase following peak seismic activity while pore pressure continues to escalate even after vibration ceases. The results provide scientific insights into understanding the cause contributing to loess liquefaction induced-flow slide disasters due to earthquake.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 109342"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the spatial effects of seismic motion on ultra-long integrated transportation hubs","authors":"Jingmin Deng,&nbsp;Xiaojun Ke,&nbsp;Ke Wang,&nbsp;Xiuning Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The seismic responses of large-space, long-span, and ultra-long structures exhibit significant differences based on their spatial effects; therefore, it is necessary to conduct an analysis of the seismic responses of various specific structures. To synthesize artificial three-dimensional (3-D) seismic waves based on the 3-D coherence function matrix and traditional trigonometric series method, lower-upper decomposition was used to achieve 3-D coherence matrix decomposition, and the Fourier amplitude spectra method was used to adjust the acceleration time-history. Moreover, the acceleration initialization method and trend elimination using least squares were used to achieve baseline correction. Based on the unidirectional, bidirectional, and triaxial consistent and inconsistent excitation modes, four natural waves and two artificial waves were used for the aseismic calculations of an actual ultra-long structure. The results showed that the excitation dimension had little impact on the inter-story drift ratios, and the traveling-wave effect did not have a serious negative impact on the rotation-displacement ratios. However, the cases of short-side and low-apparent-wave-velocity excitations were unfavorable for the control of story drift and shear force, and the coherent effect significantly increased the peak internal force of the components. There was a greater effect under short-side excitation and a high apparent wave velocity, whereas at a low apparent wave velocity, the traveling-wave effect was strengthened, and component internal forces exhibited polarization. The combined traveling-wave and coherent effects were unfavorable for structural safety. The excitation dimension had little impact on peak internal force and the number of overloaded components under incoherent excitation but a significant impact under coherent excitation, especially triaxial coherent excitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 109402"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An efficient method for simulating uni- and bi- directional spectrum-compatible ground motions using particle swarm optimization","authors":"Qinhao Gao ,&nbsp;Giorgio Monti ,&nbsp;Zhiwang Chang ,&nbsp;Zhi Li ,&nbsp;Fabrizio Mollaioli","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spectrum-compatible seismic records are widely recommended in modern seismic codes for assessing the seismic performance of both new constructions and pre-existing buildings. This study introduces a novel method to generate uni- and bi- directional spectrum-compatible ground motions utilizing particle swarm optimization (PSO). Initially, seed records are transformed via continuous wavelet transform (CWT) to extract wavelet coefficients. Subsequently, the optimal wavelet coefficients for producing spectrum-compatible components will be obtained through PSO with a dynamic solution space determined according to the physical relationship between the time-frequency characteristics of each ground motion and the response spectrum. Moreover, the normalized radial spectral acceleration pattern (RadSAP) effectively captures the orientation variation characteristics of bidirectional records. The challenge of maintaining RadSAPs while generating spectrum-compatible ground motions adds complexity to this research. Consequently, this paper also details the methodology for generating bidirectional spectrum-compatible ground motions while preserving the RadSAPs. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated through the designed spectrum, site-specific target spectrum and additional metrics (e.g. intensity, frequency and duration).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 109399"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Landslide susceptibility assessment in the Rif-Tell orogenic belt region (NW Africa) from a PGA, PGV and AI probabilistic seismic hazard analysis","authors":"J.A. Peláez ,&nbsp;M. Hamdache ,&nbsp;J. Galindo-Zaldívar ,&nbsp;J. Henares ,&nbsp;J. Delgado","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seismically induced landslides are probably the major side effect of earthquakes. Assessing the occurrence of such events is, therefore, necessary to predict and limit the loss of life and infrastructure, even in regions with moderate seismicity and seismic hazard.</div><div>The Rif–Tell orogenic region, located in the northwesternmost part of Africa, is subject to moderate seismic activity; however, devastating earthquakes (both historical and instrumental) have occurred in the region. Despite this, and although some studies have focused on particular instances of landslides induced by major events, no general studies on susceptibility to such induced events have been conducted in the region to date.</div><div>This large-scale landslide susceptibility study we conducted is the first for this region. The study was based on an initial probabilistic seismic hazard assessment in terms of peak ground horizontal acceleration, peak ground horizontal velocity, and horizontal Arias intensity. This methodology facilitates working with a homogeneous dataset of seismic hazard values, everything that is possible, based on the same seismic catalog, seismogenic models, and ground motion prediction models. We conducted a landslide susceptibility assessment using the seismic hazard values and employing the well-known Newmark method.</div><div>In all considered cases, higher Newmark displacement values were obtained in the central part of Algeria that presents higher susceptibility to such a process. For instance, results in the Chlef region, which was subjected to the notable El Asnam earthquakes in 1950 and 1980, show values above 15 cm for Newmark displacement for a critical acceleration equal to 0.02 g, and above 5 cm for 0.10 g. However, further smaller-scale studies are required to obtain more detailed local results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 109395"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vibration energy transmission characteristics of vehicle-track coupled system considering dynamic viscoelasticity of vibration-damping pads","authors":"Weitao Cui ,&nbsp;Liang Gao ,&nbsp;Hong Xiao ,&nbsp;Chaozhi Ma ,&nbsp;Zhenyu Niu ,&nbsp;Shuxin Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The installation of vibration-damping pads is the primary vibration reduction measure for slab tracks of high-speed railways in China. This study examines how the dynamic viscoelasticity of these pads influences vehicle-track vibration energy transmission. The viscoelasticity was characterized by combining the fractional derivative model and generalized Maxwell model, which were incorporated into a vehicle-track coupled dynamics model. Using the power flow method, the effects of vibration-damping pad installation, temperature- and frequency-dependent properties, and train speed on track vibration energy transmission were quantitatively analyzed. The results indicate that the neglecting frequency-dependent characteristics of the vibration-damping pads reduces energy transmission between the composite and base slabs, thereby overestimating the vibration reduction effect of the vibration-damping pads. A decrease in ambient temperature reduces vibration energy in the composite slab while increasing it in the base slab. Higher train speeds shift the vibration energy peak of the track structure to higher frequencies. Therefore, the temperature- and frequency-dependent viscoelasticity of the vibration-damping pads should be considered in the design and operation of vibration-damped tracks for high-speed railways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 109403"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stiffness-proportional foundation damping to linearise soil-monopile interaction models for wind turbines","authors":"Alessandro Tombari ,&nbsp;Rohollah Rostami ,&nbsp;Edward Mackay ,&nbsp;M.H. El Naggar","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The structural design of offshore wind turbines must account for numerous design load cases to capture various scenarios, including power production, parked conditions, and emergency or fault conditions under different environmental conditions. Given the stochastic nature of these external actions, deterministic analyses using characteristic values and safety factors, or Monte Carlo Simulations, are necessary. This process involves a large number of simulations, ranging from ten to a hundred thousand, to achieve a reliable and optimal structural design.</div><div>To reduce computational complexity, practitioners can employ low-fidelity models where the soil-foundation system is either neglected or simplified using linear elastic models. However, medium to large cyclic soil-pile lateral displacements can induce soil hysteretic behaviour, potentially mitigating structural and foundation vibrations.</div><div>A practical solution at the preliminary design stage entails using stiffness-proportional viscous damping to capture the damping generated by the soil-pile hysteresis. This paper investigates the efficacy of this simplified approach for the IEA 15 MW reference wind turbine on a large-diameter monopile foundation subjected to several operational and extreme wind speeds. The soil-pile interaction system is modelled through lateral and rotational springs in which a constant stiffness-proportional damping model is applied.</div><div>The results indicate that the foundation damping generated by the nonlinear soil-pile interaction is significant and cannot be neglected. When fast analyses are required, the stiffness-proportional viscous damping model can be reasonably used to approximate the structural response of the wind turbine. This approach enhanced the accuracy of the computed responses, including the maximum bending moment at the mudline for ultimate limit design and damage equivalent loads for fatigue analysis, in comparison to methods that disregard foundation damping.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 109387"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of SICP treatment composition on the performance of liquefaction resistance of soils","authors":"Yi Zhang ,&nbsp;Yundong Zhou ,&nbsp;Weijuan Geng ,&nbsp;Boyang Yan ,&nbsp;Lei Hang ,&nbsp;Jia He ,&nbsp;Yufeng Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soybean urease-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (SICP) is an innovative and eco-friendly approach with demonstrated potential for mitigating soil liquefaction. However, the specific impacts of the concentrations of soybean urease and salt solutions require further elucidation. The research examines how the two compositions influence calcium carbonate formation. Dynamic characteristics of one-cycle SICP-treated clean and silty sand were analyzed based on cyclic triaxial tests. It was revealed that SICP-treated specimens of both liquefied sand and silty sand exhibit reduced accumulation of excess pore pressure and diminished strain growth under cyclic loading, thereby delaying liquefaction failure. Although higher concentrations of both soybean urease and salt solution can enhance liquefaction resistance, salt solution concentration has a more pronounced effect on improving liquefaction resistance due to the more production of calcium carbonate. Scanning electron microscopy observations confirmed the presence of calcium carbonate crystals at the interfaces between sand particles and between sand and fine particles. These crystals effectively bond the loose sand and fine particles into a cohesive matrix, reinforcing soil structure. A direct linear correlation was established between the liquefaction resistance improvement and precipitated calcium carbonate content. Notably, the one-cycle SICP treatment method adopted in this study demonstrates a better biocementation effect compared to cement mortar or multi-cycle MICP-treated sand under the same content of cementitious materials. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing SICP treatments, aiming to reduce the risk of soil liquefaction in potential field applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 109397"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}