Amr M.A. Moussa , Xin Wang , Mohamed F.M. Fahmy , Zhishen Wu , Yahia M.S. Ali
{"title":"Optimizing seismic performance of self-centering precast concrete bridge columns reinforced with steel and hybrid Steel-BFRP Reinforcement: A parametric study","authors":"Amr M.A. Moussa , Xin Wang , Mohamed F.M. Fahmy , Zhishen Wu , Yahia M.S. Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109570","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109570","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the seismic performance of self-centering precast concrete bridge columns through a comprehensive parametric analysis. A validated finite element model was developed for precast segmental bridge columns reinforced with traditional steel and a hybrid of steel and basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) bars. A parametric study was then conducted to analyze the seismic behavior of the columns, focusing on five key variables: axial load ratio, concrete compressive strength, energy dissipation steel bar ratio, the number of column segments, and replacement ratios of steel with BFRP bars. Four key performance metrics) damage distribution, hysteretic load-displacement behavior, energy dissipation capacity, and residual displacement) were evaluated to identify optimal design strategies for enhanced seismic resilience. The results indicate that increasing the axial load ratio enhances lateral resistance by 44 % and reduces residual displacements by 43 %, while maintaining consistent energy dissipation capacity; however, it also exacerbates concrete damage. An energy dissipation steel bar ratio of 0.75 % provides an optimal balance, ensuring sufficient energy dissipation while keeping residual displacements within the permissible limit (below 1.0 %, meeting post-earthquake serviceability targets). A BFRP replacement ratio of 25 % is recommended, as it reduces residual displacements by up to 110 % while maintaining reasonable energy dissipation capacity and acceptable damage patterns. The number of column segments has a negligible impact on structural performance, and selection should be based on practical considerations. The findings underscore the importance of optimizing design parameters to achieve a balance between seismic resilience, self-centering capability, and practical construction considerations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109570"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hao Sun , Xiang Liu , Said Ikram Sadat , Faxing Ding , Yarong Qi , Fei Lyu , Qiuning Yang , Xia Wu
{"title":"Seismic performance of CFST piers in two-span continuous girder bridge under multiple earthquakes using endurance time analysis","authors":"Hao Sun , Xiang Liu , Said Ikram Sadat , Faxing Ding , Yarong Qi , Fei Lyu , Qiuning Yang , Xia Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Existing research on the seismic performance of bridge structures predominantly focuses on the effects of the single earthquake, often neglecting the impact of multiple earthquakes. This study aims to address this gap by analyzing the dynamic response characteristics of a two-span continuous girder bridge with concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) piers subjected to multiple earthquakes. A detailed finite element (FE) model of the bridge is developed using solid-shell elements, incorporating a combined hardening–ductile damage model for steel and a confined concrete triaxial plasticity–damage model. Following the principles of the Endurance Time Analysis (ETA) method, two seismic time-history curves are derived from the response spectrum design and used to generate twelve seismic wave inputs. The study investigates the lateral deformation characteristics and damage failure patterns of the CFST piers in the two-span continuous girder bridge under sequential earthquake loading. The findings indicate that: (1) The ETA method provides a novel and efficient approach for studying the seismic performance of structures subjected to multiple earthquakes. (2) For structures already damaged by earlier earthquakes, lateral deformation analysis must account for the peak intensity ratio (<em>β</em>) between successive earthquakes. (3) As earthquake intensity and associated structural damage increase, the threshold value of <em>β</em> required to initiate further damage from subsequent earthquakes decreases, thereby increasing the likelihood of more severe damage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109549"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144222076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Risk assessment of spatially distributed assets with generalized seismic fragility models based on machine learning","authors":"Jia-Wei Ding, Da-Gang Lu, Zheng-Gang Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban areas consist of a diverse array of spatially distributed assets, encompassing both infrastructure systems and portfolio buildings, both of which are crucial to enhancing the sustainability and resilience of urban. Addressing the seismic risk within such settings requires a nuanced approach that considers the spatial distribution of assets and the correlation among ground motion intensity measures (GMIMs). This study undertakes finite element modeling of different structural types. Recognizing the distinct sensitivities of GMIMs to these structural types, 5 machine learning (ML) methods are implemented to construct prediction models for seismic responses based on 24 GMIMs. The generalized fragility model and vulnerability model are developed for different structural types. Moreover, the spatial cross-correlation of 24 GMIMs is integrated into a loss assessment framework using geostatistical techniques and principal component analysis. A virtual city is taken as a case study, demonstrating that the generalized fragility model based on ML enhances the accuracy of regional loss assessment and improves traffic connectivity reliability compared to traditional fragility models that consider a single GMIM. In summary, this study presents a comprehensive framework for regional seismic risk assessment, leveraging ML alongside spatial analysis to enhance prediction accuracy and reliability, thus offering valuable insights for urban planning and disaster mitigation efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109533"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yao-Hui Xue , Zhi-Qian Dong , Gang Li , Xin Bao , Ding-Hao Yu , Jia-Long Li
{"title":"Near-fault free-field inversion for seismic response assessments of soil–structure interaction systems","authors":"Yao-Hui Xue , Zhi-Qian Dong , Gang Li , Xin Bao , Ding-Hao Yu , Jia-Long Li","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ensuring the accuracy of free-field inversion is crucial in determining seismic excitation for soil–structure interaction (SSI) systems. Due to the spherical and cylindrical diffusion properties of body waves and surface waves, the near-fault zone presents distinct free-field responses compared to the far-fault zone. Consequently, existing far-fault free-field inversion techniques are insufficient for providing accurate seismic excitation for SSI systems within the near-fault zone. To address this limitation, a tailored near-fault free-field inversion method based on a multi-objective optimization algorithm is proposed in this study. The proposed method establishes an inversion framework for both spherical body waves and cylindrical surface waves and then transforms the overdetermined problem in inversion process into an optimization problem. Within the multi-objective optimization model, objective functions are formulated by minimizing the three-component waveform differences between the observation point and the delayed reference point. Additionally, constraint conditions are determined based on the attenuation property of propagating seismic waves. The accuracy of the proposed method is then verified through near-fault wave motion characteristics and validated against real downhole recordings. Finally, the application of the proposed method is investigated, with emphasis on examining the impulsive property of underground motions and analyzing the seismic responses of SSI systems. The results show that the proposed method refines the theoretical framework of near-fault inversion and accurately restores the free-field characteristics, particularly the impulsive features of near-fault motions, thereby providing reliable excitation for seismic response assessments of SSI systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109567"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Soil and structure inertia factors for seismic bearing capacity of strip footing embedded in soil slope","authors":"Vaibhav Sharma , Dhiraj Raj , Sanjay Kumar Shukla","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, the seismic bearing capacity factors for a strip footing embedded in the face of a soil slope are evaluated using the lower-bound, upper-bound, and 15-Node Gauss element formulations within the framework of Finite Element Limit Analysis (FELA). Historically, most studies have either neglected the effect of soil inertia or assumed identical inertia effects for both the soil and the structure. In this study, a pseudo-static approach is employed to separately evaluate the effect of soil and structure inertia, enabling the estimation of their respective inertia factors. The results are illustrated using the design charts developed for bearing capacity, ground inclination, depth, soil inertia, and structure inertia factors. It is observed that soil and structure inertia factors decrease with increased respective seismic coefficients. The effect of slope inclination on structure inertia factors and the effect of footing embedment depth on soil inertia factors are insignificant. Employing the Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) technique, semi-empirical equations have been derived for all the factors. For the convenience of researchers and practitioners, a graphical user interface (GUI) software has also been developed using MATLAB to implement the semi-empirical equations and compare the results with current worldwide standards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109538"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144203638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Closed-form solution for dynamic response of Pasternak visco-elastic foundation under moving loads: An analytical approach for transition zone","authors":"Susmita Panda, Arnab Banerjee, Bappaditya Manna","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transition zones in railways, marked by abrupt changes in foundation stiffness, lead to differential settlements and amplified dynamic loads, accelerating track degradation. This necessitates a method that accurately relates stiffness ratios while accounting for shear interaction within the soil. Traditional models like the Winkler foundation, which neglect soil interaction, often overestimate dynamic responses in such scenarios. This paper presents a closed-form solution for analyzing transition zones, incorporating shear interaction effects modeled through a Visco-elastic Pasternak foundation of abrupt stiffness. The study extends to examine the dynamic responses of a series of axle loads under varying stiffness ratios and speeds, comparing the behavior of Winkler and Pasternak foundations. Results indicate that the Winkler model overestimates the dynamic response by 24%–28% for displacement and 5%–10% for acceleration, approximately. Additionally, the inclusion of the shear layer in the Pasternak model leads to a higher predicted critical velocity compared to the Winkler model. These findings emphasize the substantial impact of foundation resistance as well as resistance due to shear strain on the dynamic performance of the transition zone. Hence, such models can replicate ground behavior more accurately than the Winkler model, offering improved accuracy over traditional Winkler-based solutions. By analyzing various values of the stiffness ratio <span><math><mi>r</mi></math></span>, designers and engineers can make informed decisions regarding the selection and placement of materials with tailored stiffness properties in transition zones. This strategic use of materials with varying stiffness enables the design of effective mitigation measures aimed at smoothing out the abrupt changes in structural rigidity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 109528"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144196003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jinlei Liu, Hui Li, Yu Zhang, Guohai Chen, Dixiong Yang
{"title":"Stochastic seismic responses and dynamic reliability analysis of long-span cable-stayed bridge with multi-dimensional isolation and energy dissipation devices","authors":"Jinlei Liu, Hui Li, Yu Zhang, Guohai Chen, Dixiong Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To assess the seismic performance of long-span cable-stayed bridge with multi-dimensional isolation and energy dissipation (MIED) devices, a unified and adaptive framework for determining efficiently stochastic seismic responses and dynamic reliabilities via direct probability integral method (DPIM) is proposed. Moreover, to reduce the effects of near-fault ground motions, a superior MIED scheme is devised by comparative analysis in multiple conditions. Firstly, based on the probability density integral equation, the formulas for calculating time-variant statistical moments of responses and dynamic reliabilities in the component level and the system level are derived. Then, DPIM with fully adaptive strategy is suggested to calculate the stochastic seismic responses and dynamic reliability of cable-stayed bridge with MIED devices more accurately and efficiently than Quasi-Monte Carlo simulation. The comparative study indicates that the superior MIED scheme combines lateral elastoplastic cable pairs with longitudinal fluid viscous dampers (CP-FVD) in pylon-girder connection. CP-FVD system can reduce bending moments of pylons in lateral and longitudinal directions and displacement of the pylon-girder connection. The velocity pulses of near-fault ground motions lead to large seismic responses and failure probability of the bridge. Finally, the structural responses and reliabilities in the component level and the system level are remarkably affected by wave propagation speed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 109560"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144196248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiasuo Pan , Ning Zhang , Denghui Dai , Haijun Lu , Yu Zhang , Yufeng Gao
{"title":"Analytical solution to the scattering of SH waves by a step-like slope topography","authors":"Jiasuo Pan , Ning Zhang , Denghui Dai , Haijun Lu , Yu Zhang , Yufeng Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the amplification effects of slope topography under seismic loading, this study employs the wave function expansion method to derive an exact analytical solution to the scattering of SH waves by a step-like slope. The accuracy and reliability of the solution are verified through systematic convergence tests and model degeneration validation. Through time-domain parametric analyses, the influence of the slope angle and the incident direction of seismic waves on the peak ground acceleration (PGA) and the topographic amplification factor (<em>TAF</em>) is quantitatively examined. The results indicate that the PGA values on the slope surface generally increase with the slope angle <em>β</em><sub>1</sub> under horizontal and oblique seismic waves, but remain nearly unaffected under vertical incidence. Moreover, the <em>TAF</em> values at various positions generally decrease as the incident angle of the seismic waves increases. These findings not only provide theoretical support for the seismic design and risk assessment of slopes, but also serve as a benchmark for validating numerical simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 109557"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144196249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kun Meng , Mingchen Zhong , Chunyi Cui , Xiubing Li , Zhenguo Lu , Wei Lu
{"title":"A new analytical approach for longitudinal vibration of floating pile groups with pile defects","authors":"Kun Meng , Mingchen Zhong , Chunyi Cui , Xiubing Li , Zhenguo Lu , Wei Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel analytical model is proposed to consider the effect of a defective pile on the vertical vibration of floating pile groups based on a fictitious soil pile group model. Analytical solutions for the interaction factor and dynamic impedance of floating pile groups with defects were obtained by combining superposition and longitudinal matrix transfer methods. The reasonableness and accuracy of the proposed model and derived solutions were verified by comparison with previous analytical solutions. Furthermore, numerical analyses were conducted to explore the influences of the defect degree, length, and burial depth on the pile-to-pile interaction and overall vibration characteristics within the pile groups. The results indicate that the proposed analytical model and the corresponding solutions are important for accurately assessing the safety of pile-supported structures in the presence of defects within the pile shaft.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 109556"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144189328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shengjie Ma , Stavroula Kontoe , David M.G. Taborda
{"title":"Quantifying the variation of hydraulic conductivity during seismic liquefaction","authors":"Shengjie Ma , Stavroula Kontoe , David M.G. Taborda","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydraulic conductivity plays a significant role in the evolution of liquefaction phenomena induced by seismic loading, influencing the pore water pressure buildup and dissipation, as well as the associated settlement during and after liquefaction. Experimental evidence indicates that hydraulic conductivity varies significantly during and after seismic excitation. However, most previous studies have focused on experimentally capturing soil hydraulic conductivity variations during the post-shaking phase, primarily based on the results at the stage of excess pore water pressure dissipation and consolidation of sand particles after liquefaction. This paper aims to quantify the variation of hydraulic conductivity during liquefaction, covering both the co-seismic and post-shaking phases. Adopting a fully coupled solid-fluid formulation (u–p), a new back-analysis methodology is introduced which allows the direct estimation of the hydraulic conductivity of a soil deposit during liquefaction based on centrifuge data or field measurements. Data from eight well-documented free-field dynamic centrifuge tests are then analysed, revealing key characteristics of the variation of hydraulic conductivity during liquefaction. The results show that hydraulic conductivity increases rapidly at the onset of seismic shaking but gradually decreases despite high pore pressures persisting. The depicted trends are explained using the Kozeny-Carman equation, which highlights the combined effects of seismic shaking-induced agitation, liquefaction, and solidification on soil hydraulic conductivity during the co-seismic and post-shaking phases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 109518"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144189327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}