Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Omnidirectional input energy spectrum and directionality of ground motions","authors":"Yong Huang ,&nbsp;Yachen Xie ,&nbsp;Zhihui Zhu ,&nbsp;Yuexiang Wu ,&nbsp;Liang Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is well known that the intensity of horizontal ground motion can vary significantly with changes in orientation. Studying the directionality of earthquakes is of significance for anticipating possible geological disasters and structural damage. Currently, most studies analyze the directionality of bidirectional ground motions using acceleration response spectra, but there have been no studies employing input energy spectra for this purpose. This paper proposes the omnidirectional input energy spectrum, which provides a detailed and clear view of seismic directionality characteristics by displaying input energy values across different horizontal orientations and periods. The effects of factors such as constitutive model, rupture distance, fault type, and epicenter distance on the omnidirectional input energy spectrum were investigated. The directionality characteristics of several earthquakes were analyzed. It was found that the choice of constitutive model has a minor impact on the directionality of the omnidirectional input energy spectrum. The ductility level and damping ratio have little effect on the directionality of the omnidirectional input energy spectrum. For the strike-slip event, the predominant orientation turns from fault-normal to fault-parallel as the rupture distance increases, and the predominant orientation is not always close to the transverse orientation relative to the epicenter. The predominant orientation of the hanging wall of the thrust fault is close to the fault-normal direction at the medium rupture distance, while that of the normal fault earthquake does not exhibit a clear pattern with changes in rupture distance. The predominant orientation of Chi-Chi earthquake tends to shift from fault-normal to fault-parallel with the increase of epicenter distance, whereas the Turkey earthquake and the Central Italy earthquake have no obvious regularity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 109333"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143478813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An extension to the procedure for developing uncertainty-consistent shear wave velocity profiles from inversion of experimental surface wave dispersion data","authors":"Joseph P. Vantassel ,&nbsp;Brady R. Cox","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Measurements of shear wave velocity (Vs) with uncertainty are critical for site-specific probabilistic seismic hazard studies. However, rigorously quantifying the uncertainty in Vs over large enough areas and great enough depths remains challenging. In 2021, Vantassel and Cox (i.e., VC21) proposed a procedure for developing suites of Vs profiles from surface wave testing whose uncertainty were consistent with the experimental dispersion data's uncertainty. The VC21 procedure was a significant step forward, however, it requires a full dispersion data matrix to compute inter-wavelength phase velocity correlations. While applicable to many practical cases, VC21 could not be applied to the case where multiple surface wave arrays of different sizes were deployed at a site as a means of developing broadband dispersion data and deeper Vs profiles. In response, this work extends the VC21 procedure using two possible approaches for estimating a full dispersion data matrix. Approach 1 uses a selection of theoretical dispersion curves from an initial, traditional surface wave inversion. Approach 2 estimates the full data matrix by combining pieces of the data matrix obtained from the experimental dispersion measurements. Both approaches are evaluated using two synthetic datasets; one relatively-simple, three-layered model and one more-complex, five-layered model. Approach 1 and Approach 2 were able to reasonably estimate the true correlation matrix and recover uncertainty-consistent Vs profiles similar to the true distribution of Vs. While the uncertainty of the recovered Vs profiles were higher than is often assumed, the engineering proxies computed from those Vs profiles, namely the time averaged shear wave velocity in upper 30 m and the fundamental site period, showed substantially less uncertainty indicating the Vs profiles, while uncertain, are effective at capturing a site's engineering behavior. Both approaches were applied to real data from the Garner Valley Downhole Array (GVDA) site and found to yield better estimates of small-strain site amplification than achieved previously.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 109329"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143478951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Analytical approach for kinematic FCRW–soil interaction in multi–layered soil under earthquake loads” [Soil Dynam. Earthq. Eng. 162 (2022) 107459]","authors":"Wenhai Ke ,&nbsp;Yuan Li ,&nbsp;Qingsheng Chen ,&nbsp;Anindya Pain ,&nbsp;Yun Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109297","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 109297"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143591701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to “Seismic analysis and design of multi-tiered steel eccentrically braced frames with built-up tubular links” [Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 190 (2025) 109195]","authors":"Abolfazl Ashrafi,&nbsp;Ali Imanpour","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109311","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 109311"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143591702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical investigation of cyclic load effects on geogrid-encased stone columns using a 3D coupled method","authors":"Meixiang Gu,&nbsp;Xiaocong Cai,&nbsp;Yi Lu,&nbsp;Daoling Han","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geosynthetic-encased stone columns (GESCs) represent an efficient and cost-effective solution for enhancing weak soil foundations. The deformation and load-bearing mechanisms of GESC-improved foundations under traffic flow are complicated due to substantial particle movements and soil disruption. A three-dimensional discrete-continuum coupled numerical model was proposed in this study to investigate the cyclic behavior of GESC-improved soft soil. The reliability and accuracy of proposed model was validated through experimental data. The effect of cyclic loads, bearing stratum, and geogrid encasement was investigated. Microscopic investigation of particle movement, contact force distribution, and stress transfer mechanism was performed. The vertical loads transferred from the column to the surrounding soil with the interaction effect between the aggregates and the soil. The stress concentration ratio decreased with the increase in depth. The geogrid encasement facilitated the load transfer process by effectively confining the particles and enhancing the column stiffness. The particles in the low segment of floating column exhibited large downward displacements and punching deformation. The geogrid encasement and cyclic loads contributed to enhanced compaction and coordination number of the aggregates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 109332"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143471398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of the strong velocity pulse considering three-dimensional ground motion","authors":"Zhiyuan Li ,&nbsp;Hemanta Hazarika ,&nbsp;Guangqi Chen ,&nbsp;Zishuang Han ,&nbsp;Chaofan Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pulse-like ground motions (PLGMs) exhibit pronounced orientation-dependent characteristics, underscoring the necessity of identifying the strong velocity pulse across all orientations. This study aims to address the limitations of prior studies that identified the pulse by considering only the horizontal components. Utilizing typical seismic records from the NGA-West2 database, the study focuses on the pulse identification in three-dimensional (3D) space. Initially, the study examines the spatial amplitude characteristics of PLGMs, emphasizing the impact of the vertical component on PLGMs. Subsequently, a method for identifying the pulse based on the maximum peak ground velocity (PGV) of three orthogonal orientations is proposed. By comparing the identification results of the proposed method with those obtained by the widely adopted Baker (2014) method, its applicability and accuracy are confirmed. Furthermore, the pulse orientation is assessed by examining the inelastic response of the structure, suggesting its applicability in seismic engineering practice to estimate the maximum seismic demand on structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 109328"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143471397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of frequency-filtered earthquakes for optimum base isolation parameters across varied soil conditions","authors":"Elif Cagda Kandemir","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Structural optimization problems often involve computationally heavy procedures due to the great number of design parameters, diverse optimization objectives and extensive numerical analyses to be performed. In this regard, this study proposes the discrete wavelet transform to decompose earthquake ground motions and thus, reduce the computational cost of optimization of the base isolation system parameters. A comprehensive five-level decomposition has been applied to all selected seismic events to uncouple the intrinsic low and high frequency components of the earthquake waves. Fifteen acceleration records have been selected from diverse soil types. The isolator parameters, such as period and damping ratio, have been determined employing genetic algorithm with the aim of minimizing the acceleration response at the top story while maintaining base displacement within predefined limits. The resultant optimal isolator parameters, derived from both original and decomposed seismic datasets, are compiled and presented in detail. Additionally, the temporal efficacy of the analyses has been rigorously assessed, with the duration of each optimization analysis. Resorting the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) to genetic algorithm (GA) can significantly reduce the computation time of optimal design parameters of base-isolation system. The findings reveal that while DWT successfully filters noise and enhances dominant components in some earthquake records, the amplification of low-frequency content in soft soils creates difficulties in satisfying optimization constraints.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 109330"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143464712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance analysis of Timoshenko beams on transversely isotropic porous subgrade due to moving loads considering thermal effects","authors":"Zhi Yong Ai,&nbsp;Li Wei Shi,&nbsp;Gan Lin Gu,&nbsp;Xiao Ming Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper analyses the performance of Timoshenko beams on transversely isotropic (TI) porous subgrade considering the effects of moving loads and thermal loads. Firstly, the basic equations of the beam and TI porous subgrade are acquired by considering the thermodynamics, poroelastic mechanics and Timoshenko beam theory. Then, by combining the boundary and continuity conditions, the expressions for the performance analysis of the beam-subgrade system are deduced in the transformed domain. After introducing the extended precise integration solution of the subgrade and adopting the numerical inverse transform, the steady-state solution for the beam-subgrade system in spatial domain is achieved. The accuracy of the proposed method is verified and the effects of thermal loads and thermal-mechanical properties of the beam are further discussed. Moreover, a comparative study is conducted on the performance of the Timoshenko beam and Euler-Bernoulli beam. Analysis results show that the thermal load, linear thermal expansion coefficient, and beam cross-section shape have significant effects on the beam-subgrade performance. Furthermore, in the soft beam-hard subgrade system, the performance of two beam models is quite different, while their performance appears nearly identical in the hard beam-soft subgrade system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 109286"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143452897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and analytical study on dynamic response of foundation beam with local void under moving load","authors":"Qinfeng Pan,&nbsp;Bingqiang Zhang,&nbsp;Chenhao Gao,&nbsp;Xiang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To explore the influence of local void of foundation beam under moving load, model experiments were carried out, and the dynamic response of beams considering local void was obtained using DIC technology. The impact of various parameters on the response of beams was then examined. In addition, by using the separated variable approach, the free vibration mode control equation was calculated, and the dynamic response control equation of the foundation beam with local void under moving load was established. The locally void foundation beam's free vibration frequency and mode expression were then determined analytically. Next, the mode superposition approach was applied to determine the steady-state response analytical solution of the locally void foundation beam under moving load. The accuracy of the analytical model was verified through comparison with experimental results. Lastly, analytical equations were used to investigate the effects of void length, sectional bending stiffness of the beam, foundation elasticity stiffness, and load movement speed on the dynamic response of foundation beams. The results show that the foundation beam's natural frequency is directly impacted by the sectional flexural stiffness, void length and foundation stiffness, and the void length will also affect the excitation frequency. When the excitation frequency approaches the natural frequency, the dynamic response of the beam will rapidly increase. In addition, even when there is a large difference between the excitation frequency and the natural frequency, high-order resonance and cancellation phenomena still occur. The effect of void length on beam deformation is significant, with a deformation increase of 400–500 % when the ratio of void length to beam thickness increased from 1.25 to 7.5. Raising the foundation's stiffness can lessen the beam's distortion, but after it reaches a certain point (over 70 MPa), changes in the foundation's stiffness have minimal impact on the beam's deformation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 109312"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143427519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liquefaction effects in the 2020 Mw 6.4 Petrinja, Croatia, earthquake","authors":"Zorana Mijic ,&nbsp;Sonja Zlatović ,&nbsp;Jack Montgomery ,&nbsp;Katerina Ziotopoulou ,&nbsp;Verica Gjetvaj","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The 2020 M_w 6.4 Petrinja, Croatia, earthquake triggered widespread liquefaction along the Kupa, Glina, and Sava rivers. The locations of liquefaction ejecta and lateral spreading were identified through a combination of field reconnaissance and interrogation of aerial photographs. Superimposing those locations on the regional geologic map revealed the liquefaction vulnerability of Holocene terrace and flood deposits, Holocene deluvium-proluvium, and Pleistocene loess deposits. Liquefaction caused damage to the land and structures, with ejecta observed both near and far from residential structures. In the free field, the ejection of silty and sandy soil accompanied the extensive ground fracturing. At residential properties, ejecta led to differential settlement, cracks in foundations, walls, and floors, and contamination of water wells. Lateral spreading resulted in the formation of ground and building cracks, house sliding and tilting, pipe breakage, and pavement damage. This article documents these observations of liquefaction and draws conclusions regarding the patterns of liquefaction observed in this earthquake. These observations will be a valuable addition to liquefaction triggering databases as there are relatively few earthquakes with magnitudes less than 6.5 that triggered extensive liquefaction, and they provide additional case histories of liquefaction in Pleistocene deposits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 109262"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143437286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}