Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Field test on vertical compressive bearing characteristics and time-dependent effects of jacked piles in layered soil","authors":"Xiaoyu Bai ,&nbsp;Zhichao Qin ,&nbsp;Nan Yan ,&nbsp;Junwei Liu ,&nbsp;Zekun Wu ,&nbsp;Songkui Sang ,&nbsp;Yamei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109545","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109545","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to investigate the characteristic and time-dependent effects of jacked PHC (pre-stressed high-strength concrete) pile's bearing capacity in quaternary soil. The static load test and the re-pressed tests during different resting periods were carried out on the jacked pile. This study analyzes variation in the jacked pile's pile-sinking resistance, pile tip resistance, and pile side friction resistance. The correlation between bearing capacity and resting time after pile-sinking is investigated, and the ultimate bearing capacity by the curve fitting method is predicted. The research findings show that the pile-sinking resistance is more strongly influenced by the softness and hardness of the soil layer. The pile tip resistance variation during the pile-sinking process essentially reflects the nature of the changing soil layer and the development of the pile side friction resistance is strongly associated with the nature of the soil layer. The pile tip resistance in the static load test decreases by about 5 % compared with that in the pile-sinking process and the pile side friction resistance improves by about 27 %. The pile side friction resistance was the main factor restricting the jacked pile's bearing capacity time-dependent effect. The test pile's repressure value gradually increased with the increase of the resting time. The final repressure value was about 1.15 times the final pressure value when the pile-sinking process was completed. Through the fitting of the test pile's bearing capacity curves, the fitting results agree well enough to be used for predicting the jacked pile's ultimate bearing capacity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 109545"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144184946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Damage-based seismic performance design of reinforced concrete bridges using capacity-based inelastic displacement dual spectra","authors":"P.H. Wang ,&nbsp;T.K. Lin ,&nbsp;P.H. Huang ,&nbsp;R.T. Wu ,&nbsp;H.H. Hung","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109529","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109529","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A damage-based seismic performance design method using capacity-based inelastic displacement dual spectra was proposed for reinforced concrete (RC) bridges, where the Park and Ang's damage index was introduced as the performance objective. The proposed method was composed of the recommended force-based seismic design method (Phase I) and the imperative pushover-based seismic evaluation procedure (Phase II), with a main focus on the damage evaluation of each bridge column given that the damage index can be well correlated to the strength deterioration state and visual damage condition of the bridge columns. It was verified against the nonlinear time-history analysis of various irregular bridges that the average result of the seismic evaluation utilizing the uniform and modal pushover analyses can provide reliable and acceptable evaluation results in terms of the maximum displacement and damage index profiles of the bridges when subjected to transverse seismic excursions. In addition, design illustration of the proposed design method was conducted using two long-period (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>n</mi></msub><mo>≥</mo></mrow></math></span> 0.7 s) and another two short-period (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>n</mi></msub><mo>&lt;</mo></mrow></math></span> 0.7 s) hypothetical bridges with regular and irregular configurations and compared to the design results per current Taiwan code, Caltrans SDC, and AASHTO's Guide Specification. It was found that the designed long-period irregular bridges and the short-period regular and irregular bridges could suffer severe damage when subjected to a maximum credible earthquake with the near-fault effect. The damage severity of a bridge will be determined by the interactively combined effects of ground motion characteristics, relative structural strength, structural period, bridge regularity, and damage potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 109529"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic behaviour of U-shaped retaining walls in non-liquefiable and liquefiable soils","authors":"Mokhtar A. Khalifa ,&nbsp;Kyungtae Kim ,&nbsp;M. Hesham El Naggar","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the seismic performance of U-shaped retaining walls under seismic loading in liquefiable and non-liquefiable soils. Two-dimensional nonlinear finite element models are developed in PLAXIS 2D software. The behaviour of the dry sand soil in the model is simulated using the Hardening Soil Model with Small Stiffness (HSsmall) material model, which can represent the nonlinear behaviour and increased stiffness at small strains of soils and is validated against experimental data. Meanwhile, the UBC3D-PLM material model simulates the liquefiable sand behaviour under seismic loading. The numerical model is employed to investigate the effect of relevant design parameters on the retaining wall seismic response. The effects of wall flexibility, soil strength, stiffness, earthquake frequency content, and peak ground acceleration on the seismic response of the U-shaped retaining wall and both liquefiable and non-liquefiable sandy soils are investigated. Key findings indicate that wall flexibility and soil conditions strongly influence seismic wall deflections and earth pressures, with liquefiable soils showing more notable changes in seismic lateral pressures. Additionally, low-frequency seismic motions significantly impact seismic pressures, mainly through variations in energy dissipation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 109541"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The incompatible deformation mechanism of underground tunnels crossing fault conditions in the southwest edge strong seismic zone of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: A study of shaking table test","authors":"Cong Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhende Zhu ,&nbsp;Lun Dai ,&nbsp;Shanyong Wang ,&nbsp;Chong Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study of the seismic damage mechanism of tunnels subjected to strong earthquakes is challenging frontier subjects. In strong earthquake areas, the survey and line selection design of tunnels and underground engineering avoid the identification of dense fault areas and large major fault fracture zones, but the active fault fracture zone, which is widely distributed, large depth and difficult to detect in location, is still at a loss. Due to seismic loadings, the dynamic response and failure mechanism of the surrounding rock are always unclear. This study involved on-site investigations and indoor shaking table tests to demonstrate how seismic activity affects the hanging wall, footwall, and fault during vibration processes as part of the Xianglushan tunnel major project. Additionally, we explored how these elements interact with each other despite their incompatible deformation laws. The incompatible deformation effect of the dynamic tensile-compressive deformation effort and dynamic shear deformation effort were proposed. The quantitative description of dynamic uncoordinated deformation was given based on the wave function. In addition, the mechanism of dynamic deformation failure of the surrounding rock of tunnel was revealed by comparing the test results to the engineering site's deformation failure pattern. Experimental results show that the acceleration peak, strain peak and displacement time curve had obvious amplified effects in the horizontal and vertical directions, and the Fourier amplitude was shown as a consistent rule of change by the shaking table tests. The hanging wall and lower disks of the fault have obvious incompatible and inconsistent deformation effects, the vertical vibratory direction is represented by dynamic tensile-compressive deformation, and the horizontal vibratory direction is represented by dynamic shear deformation. The incompatible deformation theory and the wave function were introduced to reveal the dynamic failure mechanism of the surrounding rock across a fault combined with the deformation failure of the seismic tunnel site and shaking table test. The dynamic incompatible deformation caused by internal defects was accelerated by strong seismic activity. The dynamic destruction process of the surrounding rock of tunnel was the gradual failure process caused by stress damage accumulated in the rock surrounding the tunnel. The results can provide reference and data support for the safe construction of tunnels under complex geological conditions of dense faults in strong earthquake areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 109482"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic performance assessment for high CFRD on thick layered deposit considering various reinforcement measures","authors":"Zhao Wang ,&nbsp;Wenming Peng ,&nbsp;Jian-Min Zhang ,&nbsp;Rui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seismic safety of high concrete face rockfill dams (CFRD) on thick layered deposit is crucial. This study develops a seismic performance assessment procedure for high CFRD on thick layered deposit considering multiple engineering demand parameters (EDPs), and evaluates the effectiveness of gravel column and berm reinforcement for a typical CFRD. Solid-fluid coupled seismic response analysis of high CFRD on thick layered deposit is conducted using an advanced elasto-plastic constitutive model for soil, revealing the unique seismic response of the system, including the buildup of excess pore pressure within the thick deposit. Based on the high-fidelity simulations, appropriate intensity measure (IM) and EDPs are identified, and corresponding damage states (DS) are determined. Fragility curves are then developed using multiple stripe analysis, so that the probability of damage under different input motion intensities can be quantified for different DS. Using the proposed procedure, the reinforcement effects of berms and gravel columns are evaluated. Results show that berms can contribute significantly to reducing the probability of damage for the system, while the effect of gravel columns is unsatisfactory due to the limited achievable installation depth compared to the thickness of the deposit and low replacement ratio.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 109550"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An improved time-domain spectral matching algorithm for peak adjustment and convergence efficiency optimization","authors":"Pan Liu,&nbsp;Xinyan Jiang,&nbsp;Jianzhong Li,&nbsp;Hongya Qu","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109530","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109530","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nonlinear time history analysis is necessary for the seismic design of complicated or irregular structures. Compared to artificial ground motion, real earthquakes matched with the target spectrum are more favorable, since the matched ground motions (generated by spectral matching algorithms) can better preserve the period and phase characteristics. Therefore, an improved time-domain spectral matching algorithm is proposed to generate ground motion time history that matches the target response spectrum. The proposed algorithm introduces a new period subdivision sorting strategy and an adaptive convergence parameter selection method to improve the convergence efficiency of spectral matching. In addition, a peak ground acceleration (PGA) correction algorithm is introduced to maintain PGA consistency. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by several real earthquake records, and the method is compared with an existing time spectral matching algorithm. Based on the matched results, the period subdivision sorting strategy can effectively reduce mutual interference from added adjustment wavelets, and the adaptive convergence parameter selection method considers the correlation between wavelet functions and provides better numerical stability to improve convergence efficiency. The proposed PGA correction algorithm provides high PGA matching accuracy and omits velocity and displacement drifts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 109530"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic vulnerability analysis of utility tunnel with oblique incidence of SV waves based on IDA method in horizontal non-homogeneous field","authors":"Hui-yue Wang ,&nbsp;De-long Huang ,&nbsp;Hai-ruo Wang ,&nbsp;Yang Ding ,&nbsp;Hang Cen ,&nbsp;Zi-Yuan Huang ,&nbsp;Ai-ping Tang ,&nbsp;Xia-xin Tao","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A utility tunnel is an infrastructure that consolidates multiple municipal pipeline systems into a shared underground passage. As long linear structures inevitably cross different soils, this paper aims to accurately assess the seismic damage to a shallow-buried utility tunnel in a non-homogeneous zone by employing a viscous-spring artificial boundary and deriving the corresponding nodal force equations. The three-dimensional model of the utility tunnel-soil system is established using finite element software, and a plug-in is developed to simulate the three-dimensional oblique incidence of SV waves with a horizontal non-homogeneous field. In this study, the maximum interstory displacement angle of the utility tunnel is used as the damage indicator. Analysis of structural vulnerability based on IDA method using <em>PGA</em> as an indicator of seismic wave intensity, which considers the angle of oblique incidence of SV waves, the type of seismic waves, and the influence of the non-homogeneous field on the seismic performance of the utility tunnel. The results indicate that the failure probability of the utility tunnel in different soil types increases with the incident angle and <em>PGA</em>. Additionally, the failure probability under the pulse wave is higher than that under the non-pulse wave; Particular attention is given to the states of severe damage (LS) and collapse (CP), particularly when the angle of incidence is 30° and the <em>PGA</em> exceeds 0.6<em>g</em>, conditions under which the probability of failure is higher. Additionally, the failure probability of the non-homogeneous zone is greater than that of sand and clay; the maximum interlayer displacement angle increases with the incident angle, accompanied by greater <em>PGA</em> dispersion, indicating the seismic wave intensity. The maximum inter-layer displacement angle increases with the incident angle, and the dispersion of the seismic wave intensity indicator (<em>PGA</em>) becomes greater. This paper proposes vulnerability curves for different working conditions, which can serve as a reference for the seismic design of underground structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 109537"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of initial static shear stress on cyclic properties of soft clay in constant volume simple shear tests","authors":"Meng-Hui Huang,&nbsp;Zhen-Dong Cui,&nbsp;Long-Ji Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The foundation soil below the structure usually bears the combined action of initial static and cyclic shear loading. This experimental investigation focused on the cyclic properties of saturated soft clay in the initial static shear stress state. A range of constant volume cyclic simple shear tests were performed on Shanghai soft clay at different initial static shear stress ratios (SSR) and cyclic shear stress ratios (CSR). The cyclic behavior of soft clay with SSR was compared with that without SSR. An empirical model for predicting cyclic strength of soft clay under various SSR and CSR combinations was proposed and validated. Research results indicated that an increase of shear loading level, including SSR and CSR, results in a larger magnitude of shear strain. The response of pore water pressure is simultaneously dominated by the amplitude and the duration of shear loading. The maximum pore water pressure induced by smaller loading over a long duration may be greater than that under larger loading over a short duration. The initial static shear stress does not necessarily have a negative impact on cyclic strength. At least, compared to cases without SSR, the low-level SSR can improve the deformation resistance of soft clay under the cyclic loading. For the higher SSR level, the cyclic strength decreases with the increase of SSR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 109547"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A discretization-free method for horizontal dynamic impedance of pile groups in layered, generalized Gibson foundation","authors":"Zhaowei Ding ,&nbsp;Chunyu Song ,&nbsp;Jiekai Qiu ,&nbsp;Lei Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109531","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a novel method for directly analyzing the horizontal dynamic impedance of pile groups in layered soils, characterized by a linearly varying modulus with depth, also known as a generalized Gibson foundation. By introducing the Adomian modified decomposition method, this method eliminates the need for soil discretization, a requirement of traditional approaches such as the integral transforms and transfer matrix methods. As a result, the continuous nature of the soil is better captured, leading to improved computational efficiency and convergence performance. The validity and efficacy of this method are confirmed by comparisons against existing approaches. A parametric study explores the influence of pile configurations and soil properties on the horizontal dynamic interaction factor and dynamic impedance of pile groups. The results highlight a complex nature of dynamic pile-soil interaction under varying non-homogeneous soil conditions and reveal a strong frequency-dependent effect of soil inhomogeneity on the horizontal dynamic impedance of the pile groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 109531"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probability-deterministic broadband ground motion simulation method considering seismic hazard and physical processes","authors":"Chengcheng Li ,&nbsp;Guochuan Wei ,&nbsp;Zhongxian Liu ,&nbsp;Xinglei Cheng ,&nbsp;Zheng Dong ,&nbsp;Jie Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Near-fault seismic data are rare yet vital for site-specific analyses, but traditional methods struggle to capture their unique features. This study proposes a novel seismic ground motion prediction method that integrates the advantages of both probabilistic and deterministic approaches. This method incorporates the target structure's natural vibration period and evaluates all possible seismic risks within the potential seismic source zone rather than limiting the analysis to seismic response patterns under assumed scenarios. This approach establishes a series of probabilistically defined seismic events. A broadband hybrid seismic source model, which accounts for high-frequency random scattering, is introduced. The deterministic physics-based broadband hybrid method for seismic motion simulation simulates the low-frequency component (≤1 Hz) using the Spectral Element Method (SEM) and models the high-frequency component (&gt;1 Hz) using a modified three-dimensional Stochastic Finite Fault Method (3D-EXSIM). The resulting output comprises a series of probabilistically significant broadband ground motion simulations designed for the actual site with varying return periods. The method is employed as a case study to analyze a rare earthquake scenario for a subway station (with a natural vibration period T = 1.0 s) in the Binhai New Area, Tianjin, to clarify and validate the rationality and advancement of this method for the seismic fortification of critical building structures in near-fault regions. The results demonstrated that this method is more reliable than the artificial ground motion synthesis model using the Uniform Hazard Spectrum (UHS) and effectively captures significant near-fault effects. This method is valuable for developing seismic codes and achieving urban planning and infrastructure protection in active fault areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 109539"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}