Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of the static and dynamic behavior characteristics of biopolymer-treated soil at varying moisture contents","authors":"Chaewoon Jang ,&nbsp;Beomjoo Yang ,&nbsp;Won-Taek Hong ,&nbsp;Jongwon Jung","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cement is widely used for ground strengthening; however, such applications have several adverse environmental effects, including increased carbon dioxide emissions and groundwater contamination. With a global focus on eco-friendliness, there is growing interest in the development of alternative ground strengthening materials. Biopolymers, which can be extracted from nature, are particularly suitable materials for this purpose owing to their ability to enhance the soil strength. Consequently, research based on ground strengthening using biopolymers is ongoing. However, few studies have been conducted on the water resistance properties and liquefaction resistance strengths of biopolymer-treated soils. Therefore, in this study, the strength changes and water resistance characteristics of soils treated with agar gum, gellan gum, and xanthan gum were evaluated at different moisture contents by means of unconfined compression tests. Furthermore, the liquefaction resistance strengths of the saturated biopolymer-treated soils were analyzed using cyclic triaxial tests. The results confirmed that the compressive strengths of the agar-gum-, gellan-gum-, and xanthan-gum-treated soils were affected by the final moisture content, regardless of the curing time. Moreover, the compressive strength of the submerged cured biopolymer-treated soils and the liquefaction resistance were compared and analyzed, demonstrating that agar-gum-, and gellan-gum-treated soils exhibit water resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 109080"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of dynamic responses of slopes in various anchor cable failure modes","authors":"Xing Gao ,&nbsp;Jinqing Jia ,&nbsp;Xiaohua Bao ,&nbsp;Guoxiong Mei ,&nbsp;Lihua Zhang ,&nbsp;Bingxiong Tu","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To clarify the effect of various anchor cable failure modes on the dynamic responses of slopes, the FLAC3D software was redeveloped. Constitutive models of cable elements in different anchor cable failure modes were proposed and embedded into the main program of slope dynamic calculation. The axial force, acceleration, and displacement responses in different anchor cable failure modes were compared and analyzed. The effects of seismic parameters on the anchor cable failure modes were also investigated. A matching relationship between the ultimate load-bearing capacities of the anchorage, anchoring interface, and tendon was proposed. The results reveal that the seismic intensity causing anchor cable damage in anchorage failure mode (AFM) and grouting body failure mode is 0.2g–0.3 g lower than that in tendon failure mode. At the moment of failure, the stress released by the anchor cable in AFM is the highest, with the most evident instantaneous slope acceleration fluctuation. In the collaborative seismic design of the anchorage, anchoring section, and anchor tendon, the ultimate load-bearing capacities of the anchorage and anchoring interface should be increased by 1.8 times to match the tensile bearing capacity of the tendon. This study provides a reference for the seismic anchorage design of slopes and offers suggestions for selecting seismic design parameters for anchor cables.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 109077"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge structure and research progress in earthquake-induced liquefaction assessment from 2000 to 2023: A scientometric analysis incorporating domain knowledge","authors":"Hongning Qi ,&nbsp;Jian Zhou ,&nbsp;Kang Peng ,&nbsp;Manoj Khandelwal","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Earthquake-induced liquefaction is a severe geological hazard that poses substantial risks to human safety making its evaluation critical. Despite prolonged discussions in academia and engineering, contemporary literature on earthquake-induced liquefaction assessment primarily focuses on specific methodologies, lacking a comprehensive overviews. This study systematically analyzed 824 research publications on earthquake-induced liquefaction assessment spanning from 2000 to 2023 within the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) utilizing bibliometric approaches, including Citespace and VOSviewer. The primary objective was to meticulously analyze and explore the earthquake-induced liquefaction assessment field through bibliometric methods. The analysis reveals a steady increase in research output, transitioning from foundational theoretical development to advanced methodological innovations. Furthermore, a complete understanding of the research dynamics in this domain has been established by analyzing the publication trends, collaborative networks across journals, countries, institutions, and authors, and the evolution of significant research themes. Additionally, various techniques employed for earthquake-induced liquefaction assessment, including in-situ experiments, earthquake energy methodologies, numerical modeling approaches, and artificial intelligence methods, were explored, elucidating their characteristics and limitations. Finally, this study synthesizes the advancements and trends in earthquake-induced liquefaction assessment over recent decades, while also considering future research directions. It offers valuable insights into the methodologies for assessing earthquake-induced liquefaction and outlines potential avenues for future exploration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 109075"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel physics-constrained neural network: An illustration of ground motion models","authors":"Duofa Ji ,&nbsp;Chenxi Li ,&nbsp;Changhai Zhai ,&nbsp;You Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ground motion model (GMM) is essential for seismic hazard analysis and can be developed using either empirical or machine learning approaches. The former often results in suboptimal predictive performance, and the latter frequently faces challenges related to interpretability and explainability although providing more accurate results. To overcome these limitations, this study proposes a novel physics-constrained neural network (PCNN) that incorporates constraints on the hypothesis space through designing specialized neural network architectures informed by physical domain knowledge. This approach enables the updating or derivation of biased or unknown components through data-driven learning. Using the development of GMMs as an illustration, the PCNN is constructed to maintain the mathematical form consistent with established empirical models by reconfiguring parameters, activation functions, and layer connections within a conventional neural network. This physics-constrained approach enhances both the interpretability of the network's architecture and the explainability of its outputs. By leveraging both the advanced machine learning techniques and the domain-specific physical constraints, the PCNN refines the suboptimal coefficients in empirical models, which could achieve the globally optimal model coefficients and improve predictive performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 109071"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation and numerical analysis of the seismic performance of the quick repaired seismic-damaged RC frame","authors":"Chang Gao ,&nbsp;Liang Huang ,&nbsp;Lei Wang ,&nbsp;Qiang Sun ,&nbsp;Yin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a finite element (FE) analysis of the seismic performance of the quick repaired seismic-damaged RC frame under low cyclic loading. The quick repair was realized by applying the wire mesh combined with ultra-high early strength grouting materials. The FE model was established based on the constitutive relationship of each materials and validated against the previous experimental results in the literature. The simulated results indicated that the repair could effectively exert the seismic performance of RC frame. Then, the FE parametric analysis was conducted to investigate the influence of studied parameters on the seismic performance of the quick repaired seismic-damaged RC frame models. The analyzed parameters included the axial compressive ratio of columns, the thickness and the height of the repair layer. The numerical analysis showed that the seismic performance of quick repaired seismic-damaged RC frame could be enhanced by the certain increase of the axial compressive ratio. The thickness and height of the repair layer exhibited limited influence on the seismic performance of the RC frame. The paper reported the design suggestions for the quick repaired damaged RC frame.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 109083"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-tensioned coupling beams: Mechanics, cyclic response, and damage evaluation","authors":"Abouzar Jafari ,&nbsp;Amir Ali Shahmansouri ,&nbsp;Sepideh Pourshamsian ,&nbsp;Habib Akbarzadeh Bengar ,&nbsp;Ying Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the influence of axial load ratio, initial prestressing ratio, and aspect ratio on the cyclic performance of post-tensioned coupling beams. An analytical solution was derived and verified against experimental studies conducted on post-tensioned beams and a comprehensive numerical parametric analysis was conducted, examining fifty-one scenarios with varying design parameters. These scenarios incorporated three key parameters: the beams’ aspect ratio (span to height), ranging from 1.5 to 3.5; the axial load ratio, ranging from 0.04 to 0.175; and the initial prestressing ratio, ranging from 0.35 to 0.65. Increasing the axial load ratio led to more severe damage, while higher aspect and initial prestressing ratios reduced damage. The axial load ratio had the greatest effect on damage severity, while the aspect ratio mainly influenced the size and length of crushed regions at the beam corners. Deeper post-tensioned coupling beams (aspect ratio &lt;2.5) showed higher coupling shear forces. Increasing the axial load ratio significantly boosted shear capacity, while a higher initial prestressing ratio slightly reduced it. Additionally, both a higher axial load ratio and aspect ratio increased ultimate beam chord rotation, whereas higher initial prestressing ratios decrease it. The estimated stiffness factor, ranging from 0.04 to 0.4, decreased with smaller aspect ratios. Both axial load and initial prestressing ratios had a similar influence on the stiffness factor. A smaller axial load ratio reduced beam-wall interaction and lowered the stiffness ratio, while increasing the initial prestressing ratio raised compressive stress at beam corners, leading to higher initial stiffness and a larger effective moment of inertia. These estimated stiffness factors were then used to derive a relation for the design of post-tensioned coupling beams.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 109082"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The deformation characteristics of modified lightweight expanded polystyrene soils under cyclical loading","authors":"Ping Jiang ,&nbsp;Yuming Fu ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Xuhui Zhou ,&nbsp;Na Li ,&nbsp;Huaqiang Tao","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A dynamic triaxial test was conducted to assess the deformation characteristics of sodium silicate modified EPS (expanded polystyrene) particle lightweight soil (SCS) under cyclical loading. The hysteresis curves, dynamic elastic modulus, damping ratio, and cumulative strain were obtained for SCS samples with varying EPS particle content. We found that the samples' stress-strain hysteresis curves, became crescent-shaped for different dynamic stress situations, and were largely elastic in the latter phases. Furthermore, there was a progression from dense to sparse as EPS content increased. With increasing dynamic stress, the dynamic elastic modulus and damping ratio of SCS also rose. The damping ratio of SCS rose as the EPS particle content increased, whereas the dynamic elastic modulus decreased. Notably, increases in the PS particle content and dynamic stress largen the deformation of the SCS samples. Moreover, we found that when the cumulative strain curve becomes stable, varying the contents of EPS particles under different dynamic stresses leads to a power function relationship with the logarithm of the number of cyclic loading cycles. In cases where the cumulative strain curve reaches a critical or destruction point, the cumulative damage variable displays a power function relationship with the vibration count.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 109074"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A correlation for cyclic degradation of natural clayey and sandy soils at different strain amplitudes","authors":"J. Jalili,&nbsp;M.K. Jafari","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cyclic degradation of soil significantly affects its behavior in seismic analyses, especially at relatively large strain levels. Beyond the threshold shear strain for degradation, soil properties, including its stiffness and damping, may change dramatically with each loading cycle. The present study aims to extend the investigation by probing the effect of cyclic degradation in greater detail, interpreting results from cyclic tests conducted at an advanced laboratory. In this regard, the results of 77 cyclic tests on natural sandy and clayey soils were analyzed. It was observed that the threshold strain for degradation is 1–2 × 10⁻⁴ for clayey soils and 3 to 4 × 10⁻⁴ for sandy soils. Furthermore, a correlation is proposed between degradation parameters and strain, which is useful for predicting the shear modulus for a desired loop number in cases where only the shear modulus of the 1st loop is available. To ensure the accuracy of this correlation, two additional tests were conducted in the laboratory. The predictions showed satisfactory agreement with the measurements. It was observed that after 15 loading cycles, the shear modulus of the soil decreased to 30–40 % of its initial value at the first cycle. This degraded modulus could be estimated using the correlation proposed in this study, with a 10 % margin of error. This validation supports the applicability of the proposed correlation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 109084"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic performance enhancement for low-rise and mid-rise steel frames using novel self-centering beam-to-brace links","authors":"Shaoyuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Hetao Hou ,&nbsp;Yi Liu ,&nbsp;Junjie Wang ,&nbsp;Chunxue Dai ,&nbsp;Bing Qu ,&nbsp;Xinrui Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper aims to propose a novel self-centering beam-to-brace link with examined Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) based apparatuses to improve the seismic resilience of steel frames. Based on the past experimental data, a three-dimensional computer model of the proposed link was established to simulate the nonlinear hysteretic behavior. The results showed that the proposed link could realize the perceived advantages. A simplified Finite Element (FE) model was developed and validated via the comparison with the computer model. A 3-story and a 9-story representative building were rehabilitated with the proposed link. The Nonlinear Response History Analyses (NRHAs) were conducted on the original and rehabilitated systems to evaluate their seismic performance comparatively. To achieve a fair comparison, the original and rehabilitated systems had the proximate vibration periods and the same flexural strength under a roof drift ratio of 2 %. Compared with the original systems, the corresponding rehabilitated systems exhibited equivalent performance of transient inter-story displacement, significant advantages in eliminating residual deformation, and slight disadvantages in limiting floor acceleration. A comprehensive measure was developed and revealed the rehabilitated systems achieved superior seismic overall performance compared to the original systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 109066"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ground motions around a partially filled semi-circular alluvial valley with a lined tunnel under cylindrical SH waves","authors":"Bo He ,&nbsp;Yuanming Lai ,&nbsp;Lizhou Wu ,&nbsp;Shuairun Zhu ,&nbsp;Xu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The interaction between surface irregularities and underground tunnels has notable effect on seismic waves, resulting in amplification or attenuation of ground motions. However, previous studies for scattering issue induced by the interaction between irregular topographies and understructures were only based on the assumption of plane shear horizontal (SH) waves. Actually, the significance of source effects on topographic amplification cannot be underestimated. Meanwhile, the thickness and material damping of local alluvium can exert momentous influence on ground motions. In this study, a series solution is proposed to tackle the scattering phenomenon caused by a partially filled semi-circular alluvial valley with a lined tunnel under cylindrical SH waves, and the impact of source distance on the ground motions of the irregular topography with a tunnel is revealed for the first time. Firstly, the wave-function expansion approach and classical mirror image method are developed to constructive wave-function expressions in different polar coordinate systems. Then, applying the appropriate Graf's addition formula, it becomes possible to unify the coordinate systems for different subregions. Furthermore, according to continuity conditions of stress and displacement, the region-matching technique is adopted to determine the unknown coefficients of the algebraic equations. Finally, to illustrate the interaction between a partially filled alluvial valley and a lined tunnel on ground motions, a comprehensive parametric analysis is performed in both the frequency and time domains. A significant finding is that ground motions of combined topography is affected by the source location, and the source distance cannot be disregarded unless the source distance surpasses 100-time valley width. This indicates the need to closely examine how the source location influences the amplification effect due to combined topography, particularly when the source is near the terrain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 109073"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}