Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of the stochastic dynamic response of Asphalt–concrete core wall dams under near-fault pulse-type stochastic ground motions","authors":"Zongkai Wang,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Song,&nbsp;Chuang Li,&nbsp;Yunhe Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Asphalt–concrete core rockfill dams (ACCRDs) are evolving to meet the demands of larger scales, more complex geological settings, and higher seismic performance requirements, especially in near-fault regions where seismic responses become more complex due to the pulse characteristics of ground motions. Thus, investigating the seismic response of ACCRDs under near-fault pulse-type ground motions is of significant practical importance. This study uses actual near-fault ground motion records and employs a random forest algorithm to establish a regression relationship between pulse parameters and seismological parameters. A method combining high- and low-frequency components is proposed to generate near-fault pulse-type stochastic ground motions for different site conditions. Additionally, by integrating the number-theoretic point selection method with the direct probability integration method (DPIM), a stochastic dynamic response analysis approach for ACCRDs is developed. Using a real-world case study, stochastic dynamic calculations are conducted under near-fault pulse-type ground motions. The results show the probabilistic evolution of the principal tensile stress in the asphalt core and the maximum failure probabilities. This study highlights that response calculations based on a single ground motion are insufficient to reflect the actual seismic behavior of a dam. Therefore, considering the stochastic nature of ground motions is crucial in near-fault seismic response analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109703"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ground motions induced by vibration of a large-diameter end-bearing pile subjected to vertically distributed uniform loads","authors":"Cheng Yue ,&nbsp;Qijian Liu ,&nbsp;Mingjuan Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study develops a comprehensive analytical solution for predicting three-dimensional ground motions induced by the vibration of large-diameter end-bearing piles subjected to vertically distributed uniform loads. Both the pile and the surrounding soil are treated as elastic continuum media to capture the coupled effects of P-SV and Rayleigh waves accurately. General solutions for wave potentials, displacements, and stresses are derived using small-strain theory and continuum elasticity. Modal wave numbers are determined through a root-searching approach employing the argument principle and subdivision method. Bi-orthogonality relationships are reorganized using Betti’s theorem. Soil–pile interactions are rigorously modeled through continuity conditions at the soil–pile interface. Mode-matching method is used to solve the unknown coefficients. The boundary-value problem is reduced to a system of linear algebraic equations with series truncation to ensure convergence and computational efficiency. Parametric studies reveal that excitation frequencies significantly influence the distribution of soil and pile responses. Shear waves corresponding to pile frictions dominate near-field responses and Rayleigh waves resulting from surface load propagate at larger distances. Transient displacement responses show the significant influence of complex Rayleigh wave propagation and the secondary subsurface scattering on the ground motions. The particle motions reveal the Rayleigh waves are generating and propagating through the ground surface induced by pile vibrating. This study contributes to the accurate prediction of ground motions and supports the design of vibrating grounds which ensures the safety of pile-supported structures in urban and displacement-sensitive environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109687"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144749471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waveform inversion on rupture source model of the 2021 Fukushima-Ken Coastal, Japan earthquake and its robustness evaluation","authors":"Shuang-Lan Wu ,&nbsp;Jia-Xin Chen ,&nbsp;Guo-Xing Chen ,&nbsp;Wei-Yun Chen ,&nbsp;Hai-Yang Zhuang","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109683","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109683","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the seismic source mechanisms of offshore earthquakes in seismically active regions is essential for enhancing the resilience of marine and offshore structures. This study investigates the rupture process of the 2021 Fukushima Earthquake through waveform inversion using empirical Green's function (EGF). The analysis was based on strong ground motion data within the 0.2–2.0 Hz frequency range. Two primary slip areas, located southwest of the epicenter, were identified, with the maximum slip reaching 3.2 m at depths consistent with the hypocenter. The preferred seismic source model corresponds to a moment magnitude of <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>M</mi><mi>W</mi></msub><mn>7.3</mn></mrow></math></span> and a rupture velocity of 2.4 km/s. Model validation was conducted by using various EGF combinations and simulating strong ground motion at additional observation stations not included in the initial inversion. The high correlation between synthesized and observed waveforms across a broad frequency spectrum validates the accuracy of the model in capturing the spatial and temporal characteristics of the rupture process. Moreover, the model exhibits minimal frequency dependence, consistent with existing source models despite differences in the frequency ranges used for inversion. These findings offer significant insights into improving the seismic safety and resilience of coastal and offshore infrastructure in response to earthquake-induced hazards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109683"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shaking table test study on seismic performance of curved bridge with concave island-type variable pier height","authors":"Chiyu Jiao ,&nbsp;Kangshun Wang ,&nbsp;Hui Ma ,&nbsp;Xianglin Zheng ,&nbsp;Biao Wei ,&nbsp;Suiwen Wu ,&nbsp;Rong Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The application of small-radius curved bridges in urban interchange ramp bridges and mountainous bridges is becoming increasingly common. Among them, the curved bridge with concave island-type variable pier height is widely used in mountainous areas since it can adapt to undulating terrain. However, previous post-earthquake investigations have shown that the irregular spatial structural characteristics of this bridge make its seismic behavior exceptionally complex, resulting in more severe damage. Therefore, the seismic performance of the curved bridge with concave island-type variable pier height is investigated by conducting a shaking table test in this paper. Taking a typical four-span curved continuous girder bridge with concave island-type variable pier height as the prototype bridge, a 1/20 scale model is designed and made, and the shaking table test under the ground motion action is carried out to study the influence of ground motion input angle, near-field and far-field ground motions and seismic intensity on this curved bridge. The experimental results show that when the seismic input angle is close to the connecting line direction between the mid-high pier and the adjacent side pier, the overall response of this curved bridge is relatively large. Under the action of different near-field and far-field ground motions, the near-field ground motion of the velocity pulse magnifies the seismic response of this curved bridge more significantly than the far-field ground motion. In addition, with the increase of peak ground motion (PGA), the bridge segment with large stiffness (including the short and mid-high piers) exhibits a larger seismic response, which requires more attention in seismic design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109702"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144749965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing the state of the art of cyclic direct simple shear Testing: Histories, current status, challenges and future trends","authors":"Xin Kang ,&nbsp;Zi-Rui Ma ,&nbsp;Louis Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Cyclic Direct Simple Shear (CDSS) test, designed to simulate in-situ stress-strain behaviors during seismic loading, has become a widely used tool for assessing liquefaction potential and soil constitutive properties. Recent advancements have broadened its applications in constitutive modeling, unsaturated soil mechanics, and shear wave velocity measurement. However, the CDSS apparatus suffers from inherent limitations, including the absence of complementary shear stresses on vertical boundaries, stress and strain concentrations at platen edges, incomplete stress component measurement, potential for inaccurate soil property assessment, and assumptions required for Mohr’ circle construction. These limitations, often overlooked by practitioners, can lead to unreliable results. This paper comprehensively reviews the histories, development, applications, and, critically, the limitations of CDSS testing. We examine the ongoing controversies surrounding its use, discuss future trends, and highlight both the appropriate engineering applications and the theoretical and experimental drawbacks. This review aims to provide a deeper understanding of CDSS testing and promote more informed interpretation of test results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109705"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144749964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Near-fault velocity pulse effects on earthquake response of a dry sand site: Centrifuge modeling","authors":"Hongshuai Liu ,&nbsp;Xinyi Dong ,&nbsp;Hongjuan Chen ,&nbsp;Dongsong Song ,&nbsp;Mingzhen Gao ,&nbsp;Qiangqiang Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109688","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109688","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Near-fault (NF) velocity pulses exhibit more damaging effects on structural performance, while their impacts on the seismic response of sand deposits remain unresolved. A centrifuge shaking table test was conducted on a stratified sand deposit consisting of: (1) a 12.5-m fine sand layer with 50 % relative density, and (2) an underlying 15.0-m coarse sand layer with 80 % relative density, forming a 27.5-m total soil column. A representative pulse-type acceleration time history was selected and processed using the Baker algorithm to extract out velocity pulse components. The selected original pulse-type record and the resulting residual non-pulse-like acceleration motion were employed as the shaking table inputs to investigate NF velocity pulse impacts on the seismic response of the dry sand deposit. The experimental results demonstrate that the centrifuge shaking table can effectively reproduce the primary characteristics of seismic pulses. The near-fault velocity pulses in ground motions enhance site amplification effects, generating greater shear stresses and shear strains, and consequently leading to permanent surface settlement. The above conclusions are derived solely from a ‌single typical pulse-like ground motion record, and thus require further validation‌ through more ‌physical model testing and numerical simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109688"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the shear performance of new high-strength bolted connections of prefabricated steel-concrete composite beams","authors":"Zhi Huang ,&nbsp;Hao Tu ,&nbsp;Xuguo Luo ,&nbsp;Lizhong Jiang ,&nbsp;Yohchia Frank Chen ,&nbsp;Mingqiao Zhu ,&nbsp;Yuner Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new type of high-strength (HS) bolt shear connectors was proposed to address the issue of insufficient installation accuracy in prefabricated steel-concrete composite beams (SCCBs). Push-out tests were conducted on three groups of six specimens to study the static mechanical performance and failure modes of such connectors, considering the parameters of bolt depth and assembly status. Load-slip curves, failure modes, and crack development of the specimens were obtained. A refined finite element model was established to conduct the parametric study, where the effects of bolt diameter, bolt strength, and concrete compressive strength on the shear bearing capacity of specimens were investigated. Based on the experimental results and bearing capacity theory, a new formula for calculating the shear capacity of HS bolt connections was proposed and compared with various traditional formulas. The study results indicate that the failure mode of cast-in-place (CIP) specimens is stud shear-off, while the prefabricated specimens exhibit both stud shear-off and local concrete compression failures. The ultimate bearing capacity of prefabricated HS bolt specimens is higher than that of CIP stud connection specimens, demonstrating better mechanical performance. Prefabricated HS bolt specimens also show greater relative slip than CIP stud connection specimens, indicating better ductility. The embedded depth of HS bolts significantly affects the failure mode of specimens, with deeper embedment offering better mechanical performance. The shear capacity of bolts is positively correlated with bolt diameter, concrete strength, and bolt tensile strength, but virtually not affected by the bolt pretension. The proposed shear capacity formula correlates well with the experimental results and shows higher accuracy compared to other available formulas, providing a good practical design of SCCBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109698"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation and analytical solution for the coupled seismic response of 3D base-isolated structures","authors":"Xin-Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Zhao-Dong Xu ,&nbsp;Xing-Huai Huang ,&nbsp;Yuxuan Tao ,&nbsp;Hesham El Naggar","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study systematically investigates the coupled horizontal-rocking seismic behavior of three-dimensional base-isolated structures (3D-BISs). First, a simplified analytical model accounting for superstructure flexibility is developed for the 3D-BIS. This model is used to conduct modal analysis, which reveals the influence of various design parameters on the coupling mechanism between horizontal and rocking motions. Subsequently, a novel multi-dimensional earthquake isolation and mitigation device (denoted MEIMD) is proposed to enhance seismic isolation efficiency and mitigate rocking effect of the 3D-BIS. Numerical simulations are conducted to explore the nonlinear rocking stiffness of the MEIMD. To evaluate the dynamic response characteristics of the 3D-BIS under rocking effect, full-scale horizontal shaking table tests are performed on a steel frame model (aspect ratio &gt;3). The results indicate that the coupled motion mode leads to a gradual increase of horizontal peak floor acceleration from the second floor toward both the top and bottom of the 3D-BIS. The rocking effect induces a rigid-body rotation of the superstructure, which amplifies the horizontal displacement of the 3D-BIS while not increasing structural internal forces. Neglecting the superstructure flexibility may underestimate the rocking effect and the response contribution from high-order vibration modes, particularly for 3D-BISs with large aspect ratios. Finally, comprehensive comparisons between the analytical solutions and test results validate that the proposed model can reliably predict the coupled seismic response of the 3D-BIS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109693"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collapse risk analysis of single-layer spherical lattice shells subjected to near-fault ground motions using Latin hypercube sampling","authors":"Mengcheng He ,&nbsp;Yantai Zhang ,&nbsp;Tingting Liu ,&nbsp;Mengyao He ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Shan","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As critical shelters during seismic events, the collapse or failure of shell structures can result in significant direct and indirect economic losses, as well as casualties. Accurately assessing the seismic collapse risk of shell structures under intense earthquakes is therefore crucial. This study focuses on the Schwedler single-layer lattice shell, using near-fault pulse-like ground motions to investigate collapse risk, while incorporating modeling uncertainties through Latin hypercube sampling method. The research also evaluates how three-dimensional seismic intensity representation methods on this uncertainty. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis of the modeling parameters is conducted using a first-order second-moment method, which examines the inherent correlation between structural response and the multi-response seismic damage assessment model. Considering the influence of modeling uncertainty, the study provides annual occurrence probabilities corresponding to different limit states. The results indicate that modeling uncertainty increases with worsening structural damage, particularly when specific three-dimensional seismic intensity representation methods are employed, leading to a larger share of the total uncertainty. The damping ratio and steel yield strength significantly affect the median capacity in the vulnerability curve. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that the multi-response seismic damage assessment model used in this research effectively captures structural performance changes during earthquakes by adjusting the weighting of various structural response indices, thereby providing an accurate depiction the evolution of structural seismic damage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109694"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144722831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A methodology for scaling non-linear force-displacement behavior of elastomeric isolators for design","authors":"Norouz Jahan,&nbsp;Niel C. Van Engelen","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109638","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109638","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Base isolation systems may perform differently in practice than in theoretical predictions due to factors such as environmental conditions, aging, temperature fluctuations, scragging, and the natural variability of rubber materials and the manufacturing processes. These factors significantly influence the mechanical behavior of base isolators, affecting their characteristic strength, damping, and stiffness, which consequently impacts the performance of both the isolation system and the superstructure. Most standards emphasize that isolator design should not rely solely on nominal values, leading to the introduction of property modification factors, commonly referred to as <em>λ</em>-factors, to account for the variability in the mechanical behavior of base isolators. These factors were originally defined for bilinear or trilinear force-displacement behaviors. Their application to more complex models has been theorized without clear guidance on how they should be implemented. This study presents a method for scaling the effective stiffness, <em>K</em>_<em>eff</em>, and enclosed hysteresis area, <em>W</em>, in the force-displacement behavior of isolators for complex numerical models such as the Bouc-Wen model, modified Bouc-Wen model, and the algebraic model, which are commonly used for modeling elastomeric isolators. Unlike characteristic strength, <em>Q</em>_<em>d</em>, and post-yield stiffness, <em>K</em>_<em>d</em>, which are typically employed in bilinear and trilinear models, the <em>K</em>_<em>eff</em> and <em>W</em> were chosen because they offer a more general and practical representation of highly nonlinear devices, which often lack well-defined <em>Q</em>_<em>d</em> and <em>K</em>_<em>d</em> values. The proposed approach can independently scale the <em>K</em>_<em>eff</em> and <em>W</em> within the ranges specified by AASHTO, ASCE 7–22, and ASCE 7–41. This approach can be extended to other isolator mechanical properties and numerical models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109638"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}