Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Effect of initial static shear stress on cyclic properties of soft clay in constant volume simple shear tests","authors":"Meng-Hui Huang,&nbsp;Zhen-Dong Cui,&nbsp;Long-Ji Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The foundation soil below the structure usually bears the combined action of initial static and cyclic shear loading. This experimental investigation focused on the cyclic properties of saturated soft clay in the initial static shear stress state. A range of constant volume cyclic simple shear tests were performed on Shanghai soft clay at different initial static shear stress ratios (SSR) and cyclic shear stress ratios (CSR). The cyclic behavior of soft clay with SSR was compared with that without SSR. An empirical model for predicting cyclic strength of soft clay under various SSR and CSR combinations was proposed and validated. Research results indicated that an increase of shear loading level, including SSR and CSR, results in a larger magnitude of shear strain. The response of pore water pressure is simultaneously dominated by the amplitude and the duration of shear loading. The maximum pore water pressure induced by smaller loading over a long duration may be greater than that under larger loading over a short duration. The initial static shear stress does not necessarily have a negative impact on cyclic strength. At least, compared to cases without SSR, the low-level SSR can improve the deformation resistance of soft clay under the cyclic loading. For the higher SSR level, the cyclic strength decreases with the increase of SSR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 109547"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A discretization-free method for horizontal dynamic impedance of pile groups in layered, generalized Gibson foundation","authors":"Zhaowei Ding ,&nbsp;Chunyu Song ,&nbsp;Jiekai Qiu ,&nbsp;Lei Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109531","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a novel method for directly analyzing the horizontal dynamic impedance of pile groups in layered soils, characterized by a linearly varying modulus with depth, also known as a generalized Gibson foundation. By introducing the Adomian modified decomposition method, this method eliminates the need for soil discretization, a requirement of traditional approaches such as the integral transforms and transfer matrix methods. As a result, the continuous nature of the soil is better captured, leading to improved computational efficiency and convergence performance. The validity and efficacy of this method are confirmed by comparisons against existing approaches. A parametric study explores the influence of pile configurations and soil properties on the horizontal dynamic interaction factor and dynamic impedance of pile groups. The results highlight a complex nature of dynamic pile-soil interaction under varying non-homogeneous soil conditions and reveal a strong frequency-dependent effect of soil inhomogeneity on the horizontal dynamic impedance of the pile groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 109531"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probability-deterministic broadband ground motion simulation method considering seismic hazard and physical processes","authors":"Chengcheng Li ,&nbsp;Guochuan Wei ,&nbsp;Zhongxian Liu ,&nbsp;Xinglei Cheng ,&nbsp;Zheng Dong ,&nbsp;Jie Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Near-fault seismic data are rare yet vital for site-specific analyses, but traditional methods struggle to capture their unique features. This study proposes a novel seismic ground motion prediction method that integrates the advantages of both probabilistic and deterministic approaches. This method incorporates the target structure's natural vibration period and evaluates all possible seismic risks within the potential seismic source zone rather than limiting the analysis to seismic response patterns under assumed scenarios. This approach establishes a series of probabilistically defined seismic events. A broadband hybrid seismic source model, which accounts for high-frequency random scattering, is introduced. The deterministic physics-based broadband hybrid method for seismic motion simulation simulates the low-frequency component (≤1 Hz) using the Spectral Element Method (SEM) and models the high-frequency component (&gt;1 Hz) using a modified three-dimensional Stochastic Finite Fault Method (3D-EXSIM). The resulting output comprises a series of probabilistically significant broadband ground motion simulations designed for the actual site with varying return periods. The method is employed as a case study to analyze a rare earthquake scenario for a subway station (with a natural vibration period T = 1.0 s) in the Binhai New Area, Tianjin, to clarify and validate the rationality and advancement of this method for the seismic fortification of critical building structures in near-fault regions. The results demonstrated that this method is more reliable than the artificial ground motion synthesis model using the Uniform Hazard Spectrum (UHS) and effectively captures significant near-fault effects. This method is valuable for developing seismic codes and achieving urban planning and infrastructure protection in active fault areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 109539"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Out-of-plane mechanical behavior and theoretical analysis of concealed column timber frame infill wall","authors":"Lanhao Cui,&nbsp;Xicheng Zhang,&nbsp;Kai Liu,&nbsp;Jiayuan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The traditional dwellings feature thick infill wall (IW) with timber frames (TF) embedded within, forming a concealed column timber frame infill wall (TF-IW) system. Due to the lack of effective tensioning between the concealed column TF and IW, the IW is prone to out-of-plane (OOP) collapse under seismic action. To improve the connection performance between the TF and IW, a reinforcement method using embedded reinforcement element was proposed and designed. Four groups of 1:2 scale concealed column TF-IW specimens were designed, with the number and position of embedded reinforcement element as parameters. By studying the mechanical properties and deformation characteristics of each specimen, the arrangement principles of the embedded reinforcement element were determined. Additionally, the mechanical properties and deformation characteristics of the concealed column TF-IW were further studied using ABAQUS software. Based on this, a simplified calculation model for the bearing capacity (OOP) of IW was established, considering factors such as crack height, IW thickness, IW width, mortar strength, and boundary conditions. The results show that the calculation results are in excellent agreement with the experimental results. The study indicates that the mortar strength and the constraint effect of the beam on the IW have a minor impact on the bearing capacity (OOP) of the IW, increasing it by 9.3 % and 2.4 %, respectively, while the constraint effect of the TF column on the IW and the height of the cracks in the IW have a significant impact, increasing the bearing capacity by 69.7 % and 34.4 %, respectively. The research findings can provide a theoretical basis for the reinforcement design of concealed column TF-IW.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 109542"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement of dynamic properties of rubber-sand mixtures across wide strain amplitudes by combined resonant column and cyclic simple shear tests","authors":"Wei Liang ,&nbsp;Mengtao Wu ,&nbsp;Fangcheng Liu ,&nbsp;Kai Zheng ,&nbsp;Jun Yang ,&nbsp;Jie He","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The systematic exploration of the dynamic characteristics of various rubber-sand mixtures (RSM) across a wide range of strain amplitudes (10⁻⁶∼10⁻¹) addresses a pivotal challenge in the deployment of recycled waste tires as an economical, energy-absorbing material in geotechnical earthquake engineering. This study aims to elucidate the dynamic characteristics of this distinctive soil under wide strains and explores the appropriate particle size selection, optimal ratio, and initial state parameters for RSM as a geotechnical seismic isolation system. The investigation initiates with a series of resonant column tests to determine the dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio of RSM at small strain amplitudes, considering different rubber contents (<em>RC</em>), particle size ratios (<em>PSR</em>), and confining pressures. Subsequently, cyclic simple shear tests with larger strain amplitudes were conducted to examine the dynamic properties of RSM across a wide range of shear strains. The results indicate that: The <em>PSR</em> of rubber to sand significantly influences the dynamic parameters of RSM at small strains, resulting in a 3–4 fold change in the maximum dynamic shear modulus, which is attenuated at large strains, and exhibiting a coupling effect between the <em>PSR</em> and <em>RC</em> on the dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio. Over a wide strain amplitude range, including rubber particles enhances the damping characteristics of sandy soil. At small strains, the damping ratio gradually increases with the rise in <em>RC</em>; however, under large strain conditions, the variation trend of the damping ratio depends on the specific <em>RC</em>. when the <em>RC</em> increases from 0 % to 25 %, the dynamic shear modulus of RSM decreases significantly. As the <em>RC</em> further increases to 30 %, the extent of reduction in the dynamic shear modulus decreases significantly. These findings on the dynamic behavior of RSM under different strain conditions are crucial for guiding future theoretical research and engineering applications in seismic protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 109536"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic vulnerability analysis of adobe structures considering historical Chinese seismic intensity standards","authors":"Si-Qi Li,&nbsp;Can Zhang,&nbsp;Peng-Fei Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109543","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To study and compare the differences in evaluating the vulnerability of adobe structures under different seismic intensity standards, a seismic vulnerability assessment model for adobe structures considering typical international seismic intensity standards was proposed. An instrument intensity clustering cloud model considering multidirectional ground motion synthesis parameters (real array monitoring data within multiple intensity zones) was generated. In different historical periods, several versions of seismic intensity standards have been released by the China Earthquake Administration (CEA) to evaluate the degree of damage to engineering structures. This paper innovatively considers the vulnerability assessment scale of adobe structures considering six versions of the Chinese earthquake intensity standard, and a seismic damage probability model of the adobe structure is established considering the impacts of six destructive earthquakes during different periods (China). A macroscopic intensity and actual vulnerability distribution of adobe structures considering six destructive historical earthquakes were generated. A novel vulnerability prediction model for adobe structures considering the evaluation of historical Chinese intensity standards was proposed via Gaussian process regression and algorithms. Using the actual seismic loss dataset of adobe structures (the Wenchuan earthquake in China) and the proposed vulnerability model, seismic vulnerability prediction curves for adobe structures considering six versions of macrointensity standards were generated. A numerical model of an adobe structure was established using numerical simulation methods. Considering the ground motion parameter values specified in different intensity zones of the three Chinese earthquake intensity standards, dynamic response and failure risk analyses were conducted on the numerical model, and earthquake damage stress clouds were generated. A comparison of different macrointensity scales and regression algorithms revealed that the latest version of the Chinese macrointensity standard (CMS-20) can accurately quantify the seismic intensity level and seismic vulnerability of adobe structures. Gaussian process regression has excellent prediction accuracy and can be used for seismic vulnerability assessment of adobe structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 109543"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shaking table test of a frame structure with phononic-like crystal polymer concrete seismic mitigation raft foundation","authors":"Shuting Liang ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Sun ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Zhu ,&nbsp;Linchang Miao ,&nbsp;Zhongzhen Xie ,&nbsp;Jian Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces a novel base mitigation system leveraging the concept of metamaterials, which encapsulates metal spheres (scatterers) within a flexible wrapping layer and then embeds them in cement mortar (matrix). Such materials hold significant potential in applications including energy dissipation and seismic mitigation, explosion shielding, and impact resistance. However, the seismic mitigation performance of this materials in building structures remains to be investigated. A seismic mitigation raft foundation made of phononic-like crystal polymer concrete is proposed in this paper. To investigate the seismic mitigation mechanism of the novel raft foundation, two 1/5-scale reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures with four stories and two bays are subjected to shaking table tests, systematically analyzing structural responses and failure patterns under seismic excitation. Among them, one structure is equipped with a phononic-like crystal RC raft foundation (PC frame), while the other uses an ordinary concrete raft foundation (OC frame). This paper mainly summarizes the phenomena observed from the shaking table test, such as the evolution of damage, dynamic characteristics and seismic responses. Then, a seismic mitigation ratio is proposed as an evaluation index to assess the seismic mitigation effect of the phononic-like crystal polymer concrete raft foundation. The results reveal that the PC frame structure exhibits reduced structural damage and attenuated seismic responses compared to the OC frame structure, indicating that the significant seismic performance enhancement achieved through the implementation of the phononic-like crystal polymer concrete raft foundation. Furthermore, this innovative raft foundation demonstrates superior seismic mitigation performance, particularly when subjected to ground motions with more high-frequency components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 109534"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy-based evaluation of cyclic shear behaviors of soft clay under mainshock-aftershock sequence loading","authors":"Long-Ji Zhang,&nbsp;Zhen-Dong Cui,&nbsp;Meng-Hui Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A group of earthquakes typically consists of a mainshock followed by multiple aftershocks. Exploration of the dynamic behaviors of soil subjected to sequential earthquake loading is crucial. In this paper, a series of cyclic simple shear tests were performed on the undisturbed soft clay under different cyclic stress amplitudes and reconsolidation degrees. The equivalent seismic shear stress was calculated based on the seismic intensity and soil buried depth. Furthermore, reconsolidation was conducted at the loading interval to investigate the influence of seismic history. An empirical model for predicting the variation of the accumulative dissipated energy with the number of cycles was established. The energy dissipation principle was employed to investigate the evolution of cyclic shear strain and equivalent pore pressure. The findings suggested that as the cyclic stress amplitude increased, incremental damage caused by the aftershock loading to the soil skeleton structure became more severe. This was manifested as the progressive increase in deformation and the rapid accumulation of dissipated energy. Concurrently, the reconsolidation process reduced the extent of the energy dissipation by inhibiting misalignment and slippage among soil particles, thereby enhancing the resistance of the soft clay to subsequent dynamic loading.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 109540"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144134132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic evaluation of base-isolated nuclear power plants with various tuned inerter dampers","authors":"Nanyu Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Ji ,&nbsp;Yongkang Qiao ,&nbsp;Gangling Hou ,&nbsp;Lele Sun ,&nbsp;Xinuo Pu ,&nbsp;Shuaijun Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuesong Cai ,&nbsp;Yong Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigated the seismic performance of base-isolated nuclear power plants (NPPs) incorporating various tuned inerter dampers (TIDs), specifically focusing on the series inerter system (SIS), series-parallel inerter system-I (SPIS-I), and series-parallel inerter system-II (SPIS-II). These vibration control strategies were applied to the Hualong pressurized reactor 1000 (HPR1000) NPP with a base-isolated double-layer containment. The equations of motion of base-isolated NPP with different TIDs were derived, and the seismic response variances of the HPR1000 NPP with the three TIDs under white noise excitation were obtained. Furthermore, the parameters of the three TIDs were optimized by minimizing the dynamic response of the NPP. The optimization results of dynamic response demonstrate that the SPIS-II reduces relative displacement of the base-isolated NPP significantly, while the SPIS-I has a better performance in minimizing absolute acceleration. Besides, the SIS shows a better vibration suppression effect when the inertial coefficient is relatively small. Furthermore, the detailed finite element method (FEM) models of the HPR1000 NPP with various vibration control strategies were established for validating the efficiency of the three TIDs. When these FEM models are subjected to safe-shutdown earthquake (SSE) loadings, the results demonstrate that TIDs reduce the seismic response of the HPR1000 NPP effectively. The novelty of this paper is presenting the rationality of the optimization results of the three TIDs, and providing the guidance for practical engineering by three-dimensional numerical modelling of HPR1000 structures. Noted that both vertical seismic motion and soil-structure interaction are not considered in this study, which requires a further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 109438"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144134133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving seismic performance of an atrium-style metro station using CFRP composites","authors":"Xianhao He ,&nbsp;Zhiming Zhang ,&nbsp;Yong Yuan ,&nbsp;Haitao Yu ,&nbsp;Emilio Bilotta","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109535","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109535","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes a carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) retrofitting scheme for improving the seismic performance of atrium-style metro stations (AMS). Past experimental studies have confirmed that the weakest section of the AMS during strong earthquakes is located at the upper-story beam ends. However, there is thus far no candidate for a reference approach to retrofitting and strengthening the AMS. This study addresses this gap by applying CFRP retrofitting to both ends of the upper-story beam. The main objective is to assess the effectiveness of the proposed retrofitting scheme. First, a three-dimensional finite element model is developed to simulate dynamic soil–AMS interaction. The validity of the numerical method is assessed via a comparison with measured data from reduced-scale model tests. Second, a numerical model of the AMS retrofitted with CFRP is built using validated methods. Finally, dynamic time-history analyses of the AMS with and without CFRP retrofitting are conducted, and their dynamic responses, including inter-story drift, dynamic strain, and tensile damage, in conjunction with the lateral displacement of the surrounding ground, are compared. Comparison of the results for the non-retrofitted and retrofitted structures shows that CFRP retrofitting significantly reduces both the principal strains and tensile damage factors at the upper-story beam ends while slightly increasing those values at the mid-span section of the beam; additionally, it does not change the structural lateral deformation. Therefore, it can be concluded that CFRP retrofitting could effectively improve the seismic performance of the AMS without changing its lateral stiffness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 109535"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144123534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}