Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Application of different machine learning algorithms in post-earthquake failure probability assessment of underground structures","authors":"Jiawei Jiang,&nbsp;Tingting Ma,&nbsp;Xingyu Chen,&nbsp;Shuanglan Wu,&nbsp;Guoxing Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109823","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109823","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seismic vulnerability analysis of underground structures is critical for ensuring the resilience of urban infrastructure against earthquake hazards. However, traditional finite Element method-based cloud models, face challenges due to uncertainties from both aleatory and epistemic aspects, leading to exponentially increasing computational demands. To address these limitations, this study proposes a novel framework integrating the cloud model with machine learning (ML) algorithms to enhance the efficiency of seismic fragility analysis. Specifically, three supervised ML algorithms consisting of Back-Propagation Neural Network (BPNN), Support Vector Regression (SVR), and Random Forest Regression (RF), are employed to predict structural seismic responses, using FEM-derived results as the training dataset. Through rigorous feature selection, data preprocessing, dataset partitioning, and hyperparameter optimization via grid search and cross-validation, robust ML models are developed. Consequently, seismic vulnerability curves are constructed using logarithmic linear regression to correlate ground motion intensity measures (<em>IM</em>s) with structural damage measures (<em>DM</em>s). By comparing these ML-derived curves with finite element analysis results, the Wasserstein distance reveals discrepancies below 0.045, with RF demonstrating the smallest deviations (below 0.025) and superior stability across four full damage states of the subway stations. These findings confirm the reliability and computational efficiency of the proposed ML-based approach, offering a practical alternative for seismic fragility assessment of subway stations and advancing seismic-resistant design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 109823"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation method for seismic resilience of underground structures and its verification","authors":"Yang Fan ,&nbsp;Zhuang Haiyang ,&nbsp;Yun Long ,&nbsp;Wang Dianpeng ,&nbsp;Xu Zigang","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A subway station is a crucial part of a city's subway system, and its recovery following an earthquake can significantly impact the overall resilience of the entire system. However, the post-earthquake repair of underground subway stations is complex, time-consuming, and costly, and the existing seismic resilience evaluation methods based on superstructures cannot be directly applied to underground structures. Therefore, this study builds upon previous fragility research, introducing the economic loss correction factor <em>λ</em>_{<em>L, i</em>} under different seismic performance levels and the recovery time correction factor <em>λ</em>_<em>t</em> to account for the unique challenges of post-earthquake repair in underground stations. This approach enhances the resilience evaluation method for underground station structures, analyzing the influence of recovery functions and site classifications on their resilience. The results indicated that the revised resilience evaluation method, which accounts for the particularities of economic loss and recovery time, can accurately assess the resilience loss of underground station structures. The correction factor <em>λ</em>_<em>t</em> should be determined based on the structural form, specifically, <em>λ</em>_<em>t</em> = 1.7 for a one-story, two-span structure, and <em>λ</em>_<em>t</em> = 4.0 for a two-story, three-span structure. Resilience loss is highly dependent on site classification and recovery strategies, with stations located on harder sites exhibiting lower resilience loss. Additionally, stations employing a rapid recovery strategy (exponential recovery) demonstrate reduced resilience loss.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 109826"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing seismic site response analyses: Tuning soil properties via genetic algorithms and Bayesian model updating from downhole array data","authors":"Shima Sadeghzadeh ,&nbsp;Antonio P. Sberna ,&nbsp;Fabio Di Trapani ,&nbsp;Cristoforo Demartino","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109773","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study employs deterministic genetic and probabilistic Bayesian algorithms to enhance seismic site response simulations through refined characterization of soil properties using downhole array data. We developed a three-dimensional finite element model using OpenSeesPy, which incorporates isotropic elastic soil material model and Lysmer–Kuhlemeyer dashpots to simulate radiation damping. This model adjusts shear wave velocities across different soil layers, aiming to minimize the discrepancies between observed and predicted acceleration response spectra at various depths. By utilizing data from the 2011 Kütahya earthquake (5.8 M<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>w</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) recorded in Istanbul’s Zeytinburnu district, the framework was calibrated and validated. This data encompasses measurements from bedrock, two mid-layers and the surface. Initial shear wave velocities for these layers were established based on average values derived from PS Suspension Logging tests. Updated model parameters are then calculated as multiples of these initial estimates, with the modification bounds defined by the standard deviations of the initial parameters. Finally, the so-updated parameters are used in the model to validate the response against the Ege Denizli (Aegean Sea) earthquake (6.2 M<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>w</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>). The practical application of this model demonstrates its capability not only to align closely with empirical seismic data, thus enhancing the accuracy of predictions, but also to effectively quantify uncertainties associated with seismic site response, showcasing the robustness of the combined deterministic and probabilistic approaches in real-world settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 109773"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic response analysis of turnout girder bridges and vibration mitigation application design with MTC devices","authors":"Xin Fan ,&nbsp;Shitong Chen ,&nbsp;Xuteng Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109820","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109820","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to their geometric and structural irregularities, turnout girder bridges are particularly vulnerable to various forms of seismic damage. Therefore, it is essential to investigate their seismic response characteristics and develop appropriate mitigation strategies. This study focuses on a double-track-to-single-track turnout girder bridge on a high-speed railway and examines the influence of seismic environmental parameters on its dynamic response. A seismic mitigation approach is proposed based on a Multi-Stage Timely Control (MTC) connection device, and its effectiveness is evaluated through a combined assessment involving seismic reduction ratios and energy-based analyses. The results indicate that: 1) The direction of seismic incidence strongly influences the seismic response of turnout girder bridges. Relying solely on longitudinal and transverse analyses is insufficient for a comprehensive evaluation of seismic safety and stability. 2) The proposed MTC-based mitigation method effectively addresses both longitudinal and transverse seismic demands, overcoming the limitations of traditional longitudinal-only control strategies under oblique seismic excitations. It also optimally utilizes the seismic energy absorption potential of movable piers, reduces the vulnerability of fixed piers, and significantly suppresses girder displacements. 3) The MTC device efficiently reduces both cumulative and peak energy responses under seismic loading, with its hierarchical damping and energy dissipation mechanisms demonstrating adaptability to varying seismic intensity levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 109820"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orientation-aware seismic landslide hazard assessment utilizing deep transfer learning under pulse-like ground motions","authors":"Yu-Heng Yang ,&nbsp;Yin Cheng ,&nbsp;Ran Yuan ,&nbsp;Wei Mei ,&nbsp;Jun-Bo Xia ,&nbsp;Yi He","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109815","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109815","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pulse-like ground motions (GMs) induced by the near-fault directivity are characterized by large-amplitude coherent velocity pulses, which have been demonstrated to cause significantly greater damage to buildings and slopes during earthquakes than ordinary (non-pulse-like) GMs. However, due to the deficiency of the pulse-like GM records, the consideration of their effects in the sliding displacement-based seismic landslide hazard assessment has been limited. This study is the first to address this challenge by employing the deep transfer learning technique to develop an orientation-aware prediction model of Newmark slope sliding displacements for pulse-like GMs. In the model, the ground-motion orientation is also considered via the maximum, median, and minimum displacements in all directionalities. Earthquake source parameters, site parameters, ground-motion intensity measures, and critical acceleration (<em>a</em>_c) were used as predictive variables for the model. Furthermore, the developed model is validated by comparing it with other predictive models. The results indicate that the proposed model generates a higher prediction accuracy and better generalization capability. Finally, the proposed prediction model is applied to the orientation-aware seismic landslide hazard assessment for a near-fault region. It is validated by using the actual landslide data from the 1994 Northridge earthquake (<em>M</em>_w 6.7) in California. The validation results indicate that the proposed model performs exceptionally well in predicting near-fault seismic landslides, providing a solid basis for reducing earthquake-induced landslide risks in near-fault areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 109815"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145108694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of shear wave velocity in bender element testing using objective criteria in time domain","authors":"Adel Ahmadinezhad,&nbsp;Babak Shahbodagh,&nbsp;Samah Said,&nbsp;Nasser Khalili","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109817","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109817","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bender element (BE) testing is widely used in geology and geotechnical engineering to measure shear wave velocity, essential for characterising geomaterial stiffness. However, accurate determination of the shear wave arrival time (<em>T</em>_s) in BE tests remains challenging due to near-field effects, boundary reflections, and wave attenuation. Existing time-domain approaches for <em>T</em>_s estimation, including First-to-First, Peak-to-Peak, Wave Inflection, and Cross-Correlation, often rely on subjective interpretations. Leveraging a comprehensive experimental program of over 400 BE tests conducted on six different dry sands at various input excitation frequencies (4–30 kHz), this study introduces objective methods for <em>T</em>_s determination using direct time-domain and cross correlation approaches. The proposed methods are benchmarked against the results from resonant column (RC) tests to assess their reliability and accuracy. The results reveal that the accuracy of the estimation methods depends on the frequency range of the transmitted wave due to the inherently dispersive nature of waves in BE testing. It is shown that the first peak in the received signal exceeding 30 % of the maximum amplitude (PK30) is the most consistent and reliable indicator of <em>T</em>_s across the studied frequency range.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 109817"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145108692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stochastic seismic response analysis and seismic reliability assessment of the mountain tunnel considering spatial variability of the fault fracture zone","authors":"Qingfei Luo,&nbsp;Zhengzheng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109808","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109808","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In numerous earthquake disasters, it has been observed that cross-fault tunnels suffer more significant damage. Consequently, the seismic response mechanism of the cross-fault tunnel has become a prominent focus. However, the properties of the fault fracture zone (FFZ) are often treated as fixed values in existing research, neglecting the impact of spatial variability. A seismic response analysis framework for cross-fault tunnels is proposed in this study to address this gap. It utilizes the probability density evolution method (PDEM) and the Karhunen-Loève expansion method (KLEM) to investigate the influence of the FFZ spatial variability on tunnel seismic responses. Initially, a multi-dimensional non-uniform representative sample point set is developed using the Generalized F-discrepancy method. Subsequently, non-stationary random fields of the FFZ are generated based on the representative point set and the KLEM. Following this, a three-dimensional numerical model that incorporates the spatial variability of the FFZ is constructed using ABAQUS. Finally, the PDEM and equivalent extreme value events are employed to perform probability analysis and seismic reliability of the seismic response of cross-fault tunnels. The results show that the lateral relative deformation of the spandrel-springline exhibits greater dispersion. Furthermore, as the structure's plastic deformation increases, the variability of its longitudinal relative deformation also rises, with an increase range of 10 %–100 %. Moreover, the plastic strain extreme value progresses through three stages: the elastic stage, the rapid growth stage, and the slow growth stage. The framework proposed can reflect the impact of the spatial variability of the FFZ on the tunnel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 109808"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145108693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Horizontal dynamic responses of pile groups in unsaturated soil considering the second-order effects","authors":"Zhenlin Chen ,&nbsp;Longteng Li ,&nbsp;Zhaowei Ding ,&nbsp;Yingcong Li ,&nbsp;Ying Xue ,&nbsp;Chunyu Song","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109821","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109821","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes an analytical solution applicable to the second-order effects of pile group foundations embedded in unsaturated soil. This solution incorporates the three-phase nature of soil, thereby accounting for the impact of groundwater level variations on the dynamic pile responses. Unsaturated soils are described using porous continuum mechanics and seepage theory. Through Helmholtz decomposition of the governing equations for unsaturated soils, the resistance of unsaturated soils is derived. Then, the impedance and interaction factors of the pile group in the frequency domain were determined by employing the superposition method as well as the transfer matrix method. Subsequently, the significance of second-order effects on the dynamic responses of pile groups is investigated under varying soil moduli and groundwater conditions. Parametric analysis reveals that the interaction factors, impedance, and the shear force at the pile top all exhibit pronounced frequency dependency. This phenomenon becomes more prominent with increasing pile spacing; however, the inclusion of vertical static load can mitigate it. Furthermore, variations in groundwater level will lead to a redistribution of the shear force at the pile top.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 109821"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Difference between static and dynamic small strain shear stiffness of anisotropic granular materials: a DEM study","authors":"Hechen Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiaoqiang Gu ,&nbsp;Xiaomin Liang ,&nbsp;Zhihao Zhou ,&nbsp;Feng Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109822","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109822","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The shear stiffness at small strain is an essential mechanical property of granular materials. Whether the static shear stiffness (<em>G</em>_sta) derived from stress-strain relationship equals the dynamic shear stiffness (<em>G</em>_dyn) obtained through shear wave velocity measurement is a question of significant interest. A marked discrepancy between <em>G</em>_sta and <em>G</em>_dyn has been widely reported, yet its underlying causes remain unclear. This study therefore aims to elucidate the difference between <em>G</em>_sta and <em>G</em>_dyn using theoretical analyses and discrete element method (DEM) simulations. A cross-anisotropic elastic framework is established first to derive the shear moduli in the vertical and horizontal planes (<em>G</em>_vh and <em>G</em>_hh) from conventional triaxial (CT) tests, namely <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>G</mi><mtext>vh</mtext><mrow><mtext>sta</mtext><mo>,</mo><mtext>CT</mtext></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>G</mi><mtext>hh</mtext><mrow><mtext>sta</mtext><mo>,</mo><mtext>CT</mtext></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math></span>. Then, DEM simulations are performed on assemblies of sphere and clump particles under various stress states. Small strain CT tests are conducted to measure <em>G</em>_sta, including the conventional static secant shear modulus <em>G</em>_sec, <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>G</mi><mtext>vh</mtext><mrow><mtext>sta</mtext><mo>,</mo><mtext>CT</mtext></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>G</mi><mtext>hh</mtext><mrow><mtext>sta</mtext><mo>,</mo><mtext>CT</mtext></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math></span>, while bender element tests are simulated to measure <em>G</em>_dyn, including <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>G</mi><mtext>vh</mtext><mtext>dyn</mtext></msubsup></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>G</mi><mtext>hh</mtext><mtext>dyn</mtext></msubsup></mrow></math></span>. It is found that <em>G</em>_sec is highly path-dependent, particularly under anisotropic conditions. The analysis reveals that the difference between static and dynamic shear stiffness arises from the distinction between <em>G</em>_sec and <em>G</em>_vh. It also highlights a coupled effect of initial anisotropy and induced anisotropy on shear stiffness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 109822"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A fundamental study on introducing time-delay embedding to enhance the applicability of dynamic mode decomposition for seismic response analysis","authors":"Akihiro Shioi ,&nbsp;Yu Otake","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109806","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109806","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mechanics-based seismic response analysis methods have significantly improved structural design and risk assessment. However, these methods require detailed geotechnical investigations and have computational limitations in large-scale applications. This study aims to develop an accurate, data-driven approach for geotechnical-seismic response analysis, particularly in expansive urban areas where the demand for resilience-focused risk control is increasing. Our foundational research emphasizes a data-driven methodology that utilizes simultaneous observations from both the ground surface and engineering bedrock, paving the way for broader regional applications. Various complex data-driven models based on neural networks have been developed and proven effective. However, interpretable linear system models remain highly valuable in practical engineering applications. By leveraging dynamic mode decomposition (DMD), we explored a modeling approach that preserves the interpretability of linear models while capturing the seismic behavior complexity as effectively as possible. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate a learning model employing DMD using seismic data from a critical port facility in Japan, while identifying practical implementation challenges. Our analysis demonstrates that applying a time-delay embedding with carefully calibrated delays effectively reconstructs the dynamic characteristics of earthquake motion amplitude and soil material nonlinearity. However, we also identified a tendency of the model to produce biased predictions when exposed to unfamiliar and untrained earthquake motions. This limitation primarily stems from the challenges of accurately capturing nonlinear soil behavior. The study demonstrates both the strengths and limitations of linear machine-learning models enhanced by time-delay embedding, while suggesting possible directions for integrating nonlinear machine-learning approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 109806"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}