Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Simplified prediction of settlements of shallow foundations caused by earthquake-induced excess pore water pressures","authors":"Flora A ,&nbsp;Elia S ,&nbsp;Valtucci F ,&nbsp;Lirer S","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seismic actions are usually considered for their inertial effects on the built environment. However, additional effects may be caused by the volumetric-distortional coupling of soil behaviour: the fast cyclic shaking on saturated soils caused by earthquakes generates temporary undrained or quasi-undrained conditions and subsequent pore pressure variations that, if positive, reduce the effective stresses, eventually leading loose granular soils to liquefaction. Whatever the amount of seismically induced pore pressure build up, buildings on shallow foundations suffer settlements and tilts that may be extremely large when soils approach liquefaction, as demonstrated by several recent case histories. The paper proposes an equivalent elastic approach in effective stresses to predict the co-seismic (undrained) component of the seismically induced settlement of shallow foundations, which usually is the most relevant one, by considering the decrease of soil stiffness during the seismic event. The total settlement can be then estimated by adding the post-seismic (drained) component, also evaluated in this paper via a quite simple approach. Even though the equivalent elastic model is stretched into a highly non-linear soil behaviour range, especially when the soil is approaching liquefaction, the model considers the relevant capacity and demand factors and proved effective in simulating some centrifuge tests published in the literature. In the paper, the simplifying assumptions of the approach are clearly indicated, and their relevance discussed. It is argued that notwithstanding some limitations the model is physically based and therefore it allows for understanding and checking the relative relevance of all the parameters related to soil, foundation, and seismic action. Thus, it is a tool of possible interest in the design of shallow foundations in liquefaction-prone seismic areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 109383"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of seismic resilience index and assessing framework of underground frame structures based on economic loss","authors":"Chao Ma ,&nbsp;Yuan-qi Zhao ,&nbsp;Hao Wang ,&nbsp;De-chun Lu ,&nbsp;Guo-sheng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109373","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109373","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The seismic resilience of underground structures is one of the critical issues for the development of resilient cities. However, existing assessing methods for assessing the seismic resilience of underground structures do not comprehensively address their seismic capacity and post-earthquake recoverability. This paper developed a seismic resilience index and framework for assessing the seismic resilience of underground frame structures by considering both the damage and functionality of underground structures caused by earthquakes, as well as the processes involved in repairs. The seismic resilience index was developed by quantifying the resist resilience and recovery resilience, which can be used to describe the robustness, redundancy, and resourcefulness of the seismic resilience. Then the assessing procedure for this method is presented step by step. Additionally, a case study was conducted to assess the seismic resilience of a frame subway station, focusing on the economic losses associated with earthquakes. The study also discusses the improvements in seismic resilience achieved through the use of reinforced concrete truncated (RCT) columns. Results indicate that RCT columns can significantly enhance the seismic resilience of underground structures. The reasonability and quantifiability of the developed method were compared with existing methods, demonstrating its effectiveness. Furthermore, the developed assessing method can be extended to assess the seismic resilience of underground structures after quantifying their operational functionality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 109373"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic response of saturated layered soil around defective piles and its application in engineering testing","authors":"Pengcheng Fu ,&nbsp;Juntao Wu ,&nbsp;Junjie Jia ,&nbsp;Enze Yi ,&nbsp;Kuihua Wang ,&nbsp;Zhiqing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The parallel seismic (PS) method has been increasingly used for non-destructive test, especially for existing piles with superstructures. Nevertheless, there still remains a significant gap in the analytical studies on the dynamic behavior of saturated soils excited by a vertically vibrating pile, which is the essence of the interpretation of the PS test results. In this study, a defective pile-porous fictitious soil pile (PFSP)-saturated layered soil coupled system is proposed in this regard to obtain the dynamic response of fully-saturated soil around and beneath the pile. The semi-analytical solutions are first resolved based on Biot's theory of wave propagation in saturated porous media and are then verified by existing solutions under different degenerated situations. The validated model and solutions are employed to investigate the wave propagation mechanism amid the fully-saturated soil. The time-depth analysis indicates that the vertical vibration of the soil skeleton is governed by the shear wave and the dynamic response of pore pressure propagation is controlled by the fast longitudinal wave. In addition, the vertical responses of the saturated layered soils around a defective pile are basically consistent with that observed in viscoelastic soils, while the excess pore pressure is significantly influenced by the pile defects and the pile-soil stiffness ratio. The conclusions derived from this study can provide valuable insights and practical guidance for conducting pile integrity test (PIT) in saturated soil sites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 109391"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic response of cross-passages between parallel tunnels with varied connection rigidities in centrifuge model tests","authors":"Xianfeng Ma ,&nbsp;Guohang Tang ,&nbsp;Chiyuan Ma ,&nbsp;Haihua Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traffic tunnels normally have cross-passages between parallel tunnels with close proximity to facilitate materials/human transportation and evacuation. It is obviously essential to maintain the structural integrity and functionality of cross passages under extreme conditions, such as seismic events. Due to the spatial configuration of the cross passage, its connection to running tunnels would be a key point to its seismic response and the subject of research in terms of enhancing the seismic resilience. This study adopted centrifugal model tests to investigate three types of connections with different rigidities and their influences on seismic performance of tunnel-cross passage structures in subway systems: flexible connections, rigid connections, and Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) connections, reflecting respectively cast-in-site concrete, segment assembling, and an innovative connection. The results indicated that regardless of the connection method used, the maximum strain at the tunnel-cross passage junction consistently occurs at the middle of the junction. The flexible connection exhibited a significantly lower maximum strain compared to the rigid connection, while the rigid connection demonstrated a higher degree of structural integrity. The SMA connection, with its energy absorption and dissipation capabilities, maintained structural integrity comparable to that of the rigid connection while exhibiting a lower maximum strain and significantly reducing stress concentration in localized areas of the tunnel-cross passage structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 109385"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of strongest ground motions under strike-slip rupture for the Luding and Imperial Valley earthquakes","authors":"Quanbo Luo ,&nbsp;Gang Zhang ,&nbsp;Baoming Ding ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109390","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109390","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Strong ground motions can yield serious disasters to engineering structures and geotechnical slopes in the vicinity of surface rupture. In this work, based on 189 sets of strong motion records from the <em>M</em>w6.6 Luding and <em>M</em>w6.5 Imperial Valley strike-slip earthquakes with similar magnitudes, the strongest horizontal ground motions are obtained via the rotation technique, and the spatial motion distributions, seismic spectra and attenuation characteristics under similar focal mechanisms are analysed. Our research results indicate that the characterization parameters of ground motion are correlated with the degree of earthquake damage in high-intensity regions. The pulse-like ground motion generated by the unilateral rupture of the strike-slip seismic fault is stronger and the directional effect is more obvious than that generated by the bilateral rupture. Although the peak acceleration and peak ratio of the strongest ground motion in the Imperial Valley and Luding earthquakes are similar, the Arias intensity is formed by energy accumulation in the former is approximately three times that in the latter. The high-amplitude response velocities of the Luding and Imperial Valley earthquakes are elliptical around the epicenter and zonally distributed along the fault at the front end of the rupture, respectively. The spectral value and characteristic period of the velocity pulse of the Imperial Valley earthquake are significantly greater than those of the Luding earthquake, and the spectral value of the near-fault pulse-like ground motion exceeds the seismic design code for the basic earthquake within the local natural vibration period, which also increases the seismic design requirements for engineering structures in medium and long periods. The study of strong ground motions of strike-slip rupture fault not only contributes to quickly formulating corresponding disaster relief plans for seismic events but also provides valuable data support for future seismic risk analyses and earthquake disaster prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 109390"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bounding surface model-based analysis of monotonic and cyclic lateral responses in offshore wind turbine jacket-pile-soil system","authors":"Hao Zhang ,&nbsp;Hanbo Zheng ,&nbsp;Fayun Liang ,&nbsp;Lin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The tetrapod jacket-supported offshore wind turbine is subjected to marine environmental loads, resulting in monotonic and cyclic lateral-compression-tension interaction behavior of the pile-soil system. Although the excellent applicability that has been demonstrated by three-dimensional numerical simulation for aiding the revelation of the mechanism of jacket foundation-soil interaction, a significant challenge remains in accurately reflecting the nonlinear stress-strain relationship and cyclic behavior of the soil, and others. Finite element numerical models are therefore established for laterally loaded tetrapod jacket pile foundations in this study, and a bounding surface model is adopted to simulate the elastoplastic characteristics and cyclic ratchet effect of the soil. Subsequently, a parametric analysis is conducted on different net spacings and aspect ratios of the jacket base-piles to investigate the pile deformation characteristics, bearing mechanisms, evolution of pile-soil interaction, and the internal force development under monotonic and cyclic conditions, respectively. The results indicate that under monotonic loading, the pile deformation pattern transitions from a flexible pile mode to a rigid rotational deformation mode as the aspect ratio decreases. Under cyclic loading, attention should be paid to the asynchronous accumulation of axial forces within the base-piles and its impact on overall bearing performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 109381"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical estimation of liquefaction-induced building settlement","authors":"Chih-Wei Lu ,&nbsp;Yu-Feng Lin ,&nbsp;Wei-Lin Lee ,&nbsp;Minh-Tam Doan","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The occurrence of settlements induced by soil liquefaction will exert a substantial influence on buildings situated in earthquake-prone regions. Previous studies integrated the viscous-damping force into the governing equation to characterize building settlements and considered the apparent viscosity as an important parameter. The existing equation can be utilized to predict the settlement magnitude in the final stage as well as its evolution. However, due to the insufficient description of apparent viscosity, it is commonly regarded as a constant during the process of evaluating settlement. When adopting this mechanism, the evolution of building settlement often proves inadequate in fully capturing actual conditions. The aim of this study is to propose a prediction model for estimating liquefaction-induced settlement of shallow-founded buildings, which is formulated by an analytically differential equation. The proposed model incorporates the time-dependent viscosity of liquefied soil and introduces the concept of a soil column submerged in liquefied soil during seismic shaking. The evolution of settlement and the final settlement magnitude induced by soil liquefaction is evaluated through the analytical estimation, and these findings are subsequently compared with the results obtained from centrifuge experiments and numerical simulations. Furthermore, the proposed model is employed to investigate the correlation between building settlement and the geometric characteristics of shallow foundations. The proposed methodology shows considerable promise as an intermediate tool for assessing building settlement, offering practical simplicity in real scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 109301"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of dry sandy soil at free field conditions pre-and post-seismic events","authors":"Ayhan Gurbuz,&nbsp;Sarper Demirdogen,&nbsp;Kaan Yunkul","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The bearing capacities of soils and the corresponding settlements are crucial for designing safe and economical structures, but limited research assessed the varieties in the bearing capacities of the soils after an earthquake, despite several studies focusing on sandy soil settlements. This study investigated pre- and post-earthquake bearing capacities and settlements of loose and dense dry sandy soil using laboratory model loading tests and shaking table tests in three stages: first, static loading tests were conducted on strip footings; second, identical models were subjected to sinusoidal waves and real earthquake records on a shaking table under conditions simulating free-field conditions; and finally, samples exposed to seismic motions were retested under static loading to evaluate the effects of peak ground acceleration (<em>PGA</em>), frequency (<em>f</em>), duration (<em>T</em>), Arias Intensity (<em>I</em>_<em>a</em>) on soil response. Results revealed that <em>PGA</em> higher than 0.3 g significantly densified loose sand with post-seismic bearing capacity of the footing increasing up to 0.5 g before stabilizing. Higher <em>f</em> led to pronounced post-seismic soil performance while durations beyond 12 s had minimal impact, implying limits for further densification. Real earthquake records caused moderate volumetric strains and smaller post-seismic bearing capacity increases compared to sinusoidal waves. Initial relative density affected the volumetric strain, with loose sand reaching up to 8 % and dense sand limiting it to 2 %. Amplification was more pronounced in loose soils, increasing with rising <em>PGA</em> and <em>f</em> while slightly reduced by longer durations. These findings provide an understanding of sandy soils under seismic compression and offer a basis for post-seismic bearing capacity predictions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 109379"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and numerical simulation analyses of a displacement-dependent self-centering variable friction damper","authors":"Ran Li ,&nbsp;Qifeng Chen ,&nbsp;Yuhang He ,&nbsp;Shitong Chen ,&nbsp;Hanbin Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A displacement-dependent self-centering variable friction damper (DSVFD) was proposed to mitigate the residual displacement of structures following seismic events by utilizing the self-centering capabilities of a disc spring group and the energy dissipation features of a stepped friction plate. Cyclic loading tests coupled with finite element analyses were conducted to examine the impacts of the friction plate preload, loading displacement amplitude, and number of loading cycles on the damper's self-centering and energy dissipation behaviors. These findings suggest that increasing the friction plate preload improves the energy dissipation capacity of the damper, although it adversely affects the self-centering rate. Increasing the loading displacement significantly increased the energy dissipation, whereas increasing the number of loading cycles had a negligible effect on the performance. A comparison between the experimental results, considering various friction disc preloads, and the numerical simulations demonstrates a strong correlation. Further parametric analyses revealed that increasing the inclination angle of the friction plate increased the peak load, loading stiffness, and self-centering capability of the DSVFD. Additionally, an increase in the kinetic friction coefficient between the friction plates enhances energy dissipation but diminishes the self-centering ability of the damper.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 109384"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency domain response of the lateral vibration of offshore defective pipe piles considering pile–soil–water coupling effects","authors":"Yifan Feng,&nbsp;Yunyan Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the lateral dynamic characteristics of defective pipe piles in offshore environments, this study develops a new framework to obtain a frequency-domain analytical solution for the lateral coupled vibration of defective pile–soil–water systems considering vertical static loading. The soil resistance inside and outside the pile calculated via Biot’s theory and the dynamic water pressure is calculated using of radiation wave theory. The pipe pile is modeled as an Euler beam, with the lateral dynamic impedance at the pile head determined using continuity conditions applied at the pile–soil and pile–water interfaces. The accuracy of the analytical solution is validated, and the study delves into the effects of pile defects, soil layers, water, and vertical loads on the lateral dynamic impedance of piles. The results indicate that external diameter necking defects and modulus reduction defects have the most significant impact on lateral dynamic impedance. Defects located in shallow soil layers at a certain depth from the water–soil interface have the greatest influence on pile head lateral dynamic stiffness (PHLDS), with longer defects having a greater impact. Reinforcing weak shallow soil layers can enhance the pile’s resistance to lateral deformation. The influence of water and vertical static loading on the pile foundation’s dynamic impedance exhibits a synergistic effect. In pile foundation design, defects in pile sections near the water–soil interface should be strictly avoided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 109366"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}