Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Seismic performance and fragility assessment of BRBFs subjected to sequential earthquakes","authors":"Tao Li ,&nbsp;Shijie Shu ,&nbsp;Kurtulus Atasever ,&nbsp;Kaoshan Dai ,&nbsp;Oguz C. Celik ,&nbsp;Jun Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109672","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109672","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper evaluates the influence of sequential earthquakes on the fragility analysis of buckling-restrained braced frames (BRBFs). Sixty-three ground motions recorded during sequential earthquake events were selected and scaled based on intensity vectors to construct a comprehensive dataset for sequential ground motion analysis. This dataset was used as input for incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) of 4-, 8-, and 12-story prototypes. Low-cycle fatigue fracture of BRBs was considered in the numerical models for the prototypes. Seismic demand and capacity models were established based on the IDA results, and fragility surfaces for the prototypes were derived under sequential earthquake excitations. From these fragility functions, vulnerability index (<em>VI</em>) surfaces were developed, providing a direct quantification of structural damage. The study reveals that sequential earthquakes can significantly increase the cumulative plastic deformation (CPD) demands of BRBFs. The probability of BRB fracture increases with increasing aftershock intensity, particularly in higher-rise buildings due to a more discrete distribution of structural response. Additionally, when the aftershock intensity equals or exceeds the mainshock intensity, a significant increase in <em>VI</em> values is observed, particularly for lower BRBF structures. These findings highlight the importance of considering sequential earthquake effects in the seismic performance assessment and design of BRBFs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109672"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144680082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of optimal intensity measures by correlation analyses between earthquake parameters and damage indices for RC cooling towers","authors":"Mirtaha Hashemi ,&nbsp;Khosrow Bargi","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109670","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109670"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144680195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of buried HDPE double-wall corrugated pipe in sand under lateral pipe-soil relative movement","authors":"Mingge Ye ,&nbsp;Pengpeng Ni ,&nbsp;Shubhrajit Maitra ,&nbsp;Min Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-density polyethylene (HDPE) double-wall corrugated pipes have been extensively adopted as sanitary and stormwater pipes. Earlier research primarily focused on pipes with plain and smooth walls, and thus ignored the effect of ring stiffness due to corrugation on the pipe bending behavior. In order to characterize the effect of ring stiffness on HDPE double-wall corrugated pipe behavior, in-air three-point bending tests were conducted. It is demonstrated that the ring stiffness had negligible effect on the pipe's flexural rigidity, while the pipe wall thicknesses at valley and liner played an important role. Subsequently, six large-scale lateral dragging tests were carried out for such pipes buried in sand. The ring stiffness was identified to primarily influence the circumferential strains, as these strains decreased with the increase of ring stiffness in the pipe at 1/4 and 1/2 spans. However, the ring stiffness had insignificant effect on the pipe bending strains and load-displacement responses. Current design guidelines significantly overestimated the peak soil resistance and underestimated the yield displacement for HDPE double-wall corrugated pipes. The longitudinal strains can be accurately estimated by an analytical method at small pipe end displacements, before the mobilization of peak soil resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109678"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144680187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating quasi-elastic behavior in granular Materials: Insights from cyclic loading tests","authors":"Pingxin Xia ,&nbsp;Qingqing Fu ,&nbsp;Wen Deng ,&nbsp;Xiaoshuang Li ,&nbsp;Maosen Han ,&nbsp;Tiande Wen","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109682","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109682","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the evolution of quasi-elasticity in granular materials under cyclic stress is key to characterizing their extended quasi-elastic behavior. While the deformation steady state is often assumed to mark the onset of this behavior, empirical validation of this assumption has been lacking. This study conducts cyclic loading tests on silica powder, Missouri River sand, and Ottawa sand, using elastic probe cycles to evaluate elastic moduli under both isotropic and anisotropic stress histories. The results demonstrate that elastic moduli remain stable across cycles at a given stress level, confirming their reliable evaluation in the deformation steady state. Furthermore, the area of the hysteresis loop observed in cyclic triaxial tests (CTT) is greater than that in cyclic isotropic compression tests (CICT), highlighting the role of anisotropic stress history in hysteresis behavior. These findings provide compelling evidence for the use of deformation steady state for nonlinear quais-elastic properties evaluation and offer new insights into the hysteresis mechanisms under cyclic loading.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109682"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144680193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural frequency responses of jacket supported offshore wind turbine subjected to cyclic loads considering scour countermeasures","authors":"Hanbo Zheng ,&nbsp;Chen Wang ,&nbsp;Hao Zhang ,&nbsp;Fayun Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109665","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109665","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Offshore wind turbines are flexible, dynamically sensitive structures; however, marine environmental factors pose significant challenges to their normal operation, as they can lead to the degradation of the foundation performance, thereby increasing operational difficulties and maintenance costs. Local scour poses considerable challenges to the long-term performance of jacket-supported offshore wind turbines. Scour countermeasures with high energy-efficiency indicators, such as preinstalled riprap and solidified soil protection method, contribute to safeguarding the normal operation of turbine's foundation while reducing the carbon emissions and operational costs across the entire lifecycle of wind farm projects. However, the combined factor associated with cyclic environmental loads may introduce uncertainties into the effectiveness of the protection layers surrounding the base-piles. These effects could migrate the natural frequency of the superstructure-jacket foundation-soil system beyond safe limits and increasing the risk of failure. In this study, a series of flume experiments were conducted to investigate the combined effects unidirectional flow-induced scour and cyclic loading on the development of local scour around the jacket foundation under three conditions: no protection, preinstalled riprap layer, and solidified soil grouting. The tests reveal how variations in protection layer performance impact the natural frequency evolution in wind turbine structures. These findings offer insights for optimizing structural design and selecting effective scour countermeasures for tetrapod jacket foundations, and guiding the safe dynamic design of offshore wind turbines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109665"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144680194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A closed form solution for the generalised failure envelope of a pile group","authors":"Raffaele Di Laora ,&nbsp;Raffaele Cesaro ,&nbsp;Chiara Iodice ,&nbsp;Maria Iovino ,&nbsp;Luca de Sanctis","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109623","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>New criteria have been recently proposed to construct the failure envelopes of pile groups in the force space allowing to overcome the traditional design approach involving independent calculations of the vertical and lateral group capacities, which in reality are inherently coupled. The use of such envelopes offers undeniable advantages in the Ultimate Limit State design of pile foundations under seismic or wind load. However, current methodologies postulate a double-hinged failure mechanism for the single pile within the group, which can be unrealistic along with some load paths. Recent methodologies have addressed this problem but their use in routine design still requires numerical implementation. To overcome these issues, a new, closed form solution for interaction diagrams of piled foundations based on limit equilibrium is presented and discussed. The proposed domains fully address the interaction mechanisms between the vertical, horizontal and moment loads and are constructed through a few points, associated to specific distributions of loads upon piles at failure, whose coordinates can be easily determined by hand calculation. After demonstrating the prediction capability of the approach through a comparison with rigorous 3D finite element analyses, a straightforward design procedure is introduced to assess the safety of the foundation. Finally, an application of the proposed domain to a case study of a bridge pier is presented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109623"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144670860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wave propagation characteristics and parameter sensitivity analysis of Longmaxi shale in deep oil and gas reservoirs under multiple dissipation mechanisms","authors":"Jiajun Shu ,&nbsp;Tao Li ,&nbsp;Lijie Wu ,&nbsp;Yue Li ,&nbsp;Bingni Wu ,&nbsp;Bo Liu ,&nbsp;Zhengding Deng ,&nbsp;Jingzhu Huang ,&nbsp;Rubén Galindo ,&nbsp;Fausto Molina Gómez","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109673","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109673","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Longmaxi Formation shale is widely distributed and resource rich, making it one of the key target formations for shale gas exploration and development in China. This shale is typically characterized by low porosity and low permeability, representing a typical dense unconventional oil and gas reservoir. In practical oil and gas exploration, fluctuation response signals are extensively used for reservoir parameter identification and structural analysis. The traditional Biot model provides a preliminary description of wave propagation behavior in porous media from the perspective of energy conservation; however, it often underestimates energy dissipation and wave attenuation, which limits its accuracy when applied to complex shale reservoir conditions. To establish a propagation model that accurately captures the wave dissipation mechanisms in deep shale reservoirs, a frequency-dependent dynamic tortuosity analysis method based on energy conservation and mass invariance is proposed, taking into account the effects of irregularities in mineral particles and pore channels on tortuosity in actual reservoir shales. Additionally, time-varying correlated nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive relations are introduced to characterize the mechanical behavior of the solid skeleton, enabling the construction of wave field equations applicable to fluid–pore media systems under different frequency conditions. On this basis, the Biot model is improved by refining the mechanisms of frictional dissipation, internal dissipation, and relaxation dissipation in the wave field equations, resulting in the development of a wave propagation model—the WMDM model (Wave propagation model under Multiple Dissipation Mechanisms), which is suitable for a multiband frequency range. Comparative analysis of the numerical calculations and wave velocity test results of the Longmaxi shale model reveals that the WMDM model significantly improves the prediction accuracy of the shale wave velocity dispersion and attenuation characteristics in the low-frequency range and clearly reveals three distinct dispersion zones and attenuation peaks across the full frequency band. Through sensitivity parameter analysis, it is revealed that liquid saturation, fluid type, and porosity influence the wave propagation process by modulating the effective density, modulus, and coupling relationship between fluid flow and the solid matrix. Moreover, a hybrid SSA-GA inversion method that combines the sparrow search algorithm (SSA) and genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed to address the challenge that the model's viscoelastic parameters are difficult to measure directly. A comparison of the inversion results obtained by different algorithms demonstrates that the hybrid algorithm outperforms traditional methods in terms of global search capability, inversion accuracy, and computational efficiency and successfully captures the frequency-dependent behavior of the actual wave velocity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109673"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144670937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupled discrete element-particle analysis of single-wheel and four-wheel off-road vehicle on soft ground","authors":"Xueya Wang ,&nbsp;Yang Lu ,&nbsp;Pengda Cheng ,&nbsp;Minjie Wen ,&nbsp;Yiming Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109639","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109639","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional numerical studies on off-road vehicle performance typically focus on single wheel–soil interactions, overlooking the influence of multiple wheels in soft ground. This research introduces a novel continuous-discontinuous element method (CDEM) that couples discrete element models for both block and particle phases to analyze the behavior of a four-wheel off-road vehicle moving through soft soil. The full vehicle’s motion is considered. It examines how varying sinkage depths and different soil parameters-such as cohesion and friction-affect the vehicle’s forward resistance. The comprehensive analysis reveals key patterns in how soil properties and sinkage depth influence vehicle performance. This study offers valuable insights for improving off-road vehicle design and performance in challenging terrain conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109639"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144670861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Test and DEM analysis of rubber content and torsional shear stress ratio on torsional shear characteristics of rubber sand","authors":"Muhan Li ,&nbsp;Xingmin Zheng ,&nbsp;Feiyu Liu ,&nbsp;Weixiang Zeng ,&nbsp;Chenbo Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109667","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109667","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In roadbed engineering, rubber sand used as a fill material is prone to uneven settlement under long-term traffic loading. To comprehensively analyze the dynamic response characteristics of rubber-modified sand under cyclic loading conditions, a hollow cylindrical torsional shear apparatus was employed to examine the effects of varying rubber contents (0 % and 20 %) and cyclic torsional shear stress ratios (0, 1/6, 1/3, and 1/2) on its dynamic shear performance. Simultaneously, a three-dimensional discrete element undrained hollow cylindrical torsional shear model was developed to reveal the intrinsic relationship between the material's macroscopic mechanical response and microstructural evolution. The results indicate that incorporating 20 % rubber particles significantly enhances the liquefaction susceptibility of the specimens, accelerates the accumulation of excess pore pressure and axial strain, and causes earlier onset of shear bands and bulging. Rubber particles enhance the energy dissipation capacity of the system, evidenced by a rapid decline in dynamic shear modulus, a substantial increase in damping ratio, and a more pronounced hysteresis curve. As the cyclic torsional shear stress ratio (<em>η</em>) increases, the coordination number, force chain length, and strength progressively decrease, leading to the gradual disintegration of strong contact chains and a notable reduction in structural stability. During the cyclic loading process, the distribution of particle contacts is markedly reorganized, a horizontal shear band gradually forms, the proportion of vertical contacts under high <em>η</em> conditions significantly increases, and the inclusion of rubber further promotes the development of a vertical load-bearing structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109667"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144670993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DMT-based liquefaction triggering procedure accounting for the fines content effect","authors":"Anna Chiaradonna,&nbsp;Paola Monaco","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The application of semi-empirical charts based on in-situ testing results represents the first step in the earthquake-induced soil liquefaction assessment. Among them, the CPT-based charts have been largely developed in the last decades, especially after the 2010–2011 Canterbury earthquakes in New Zealand, while the main drawback of the existing approach based on DMT is related to the lack of a correction factor for the fines content. In this regard, this study proposes a new empirical relationship between the cyclic resistance ratio and the horizontal stress index where the effects of the fines content are incorporated. The new method is calibrated on specific sites located in the Emilia-Romagna plain (Italy), where an extensive soil characterization from in-situ and laboratory tests was available for the silty sand and sandy silt deposits affected by liquefaction after the 2012 Emilia earthquake. The performance of the new curve accounting for the fines content effect is compared with that obtained by adopting the “clean sand” curves proposed in the past, as well as with that obtained by using the most recent CPT-based method. Even though verified only for specific Italian soils and requiring further field validation, the proposed approach appears as promising to improve the DMT-based liquefaction assessment in silty sands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109668"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}