{"title":"Numerical investigation of the effect of non-plastic fines on the behavior of an embankment on liquefiable soil subjected to earthquake","authors":"Chedid Saade, Zheng Li, Sandra Escoffier, Luc Thorel","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a numerical investigation of the effects of non-plastic fines on the behavior of an embankment constructed on liquefiable soil. The numerical models, developed using OpenSees FEM platform and the PM4Sand constitutive model, simulate centrifuge tests of a homogeneous embankment constructed on liquefiable soil, with different fines contents (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>f</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> = 0%, <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>f</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> = 5%, and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>f</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> = 10%). The numerical models were subjected to both small (PGA=0.1 g) and high amplitude (PGA=0.2 g) base shakings. The performance of these numerical models was validated against the experimental results of centrifuge tests in terms of excess pore pressure, acceleration response and embankment deformation. Additionally, the effect of fines on soil liquefaction was examined using the validated numerical models. The results indicate that the presence of non-plastic fines increases the liquefaction resistance and significantly reduces the settlement of the embankment crest. The addition of non-plastic fines exhibits an improving and reinforcing effect on the liquefiable soil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 109427"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143842546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pan Liu, Jianzhong Li, Jianfeng Gao, Xinyan Jiang, Hongya Qu
{"title":"Seismic performance of hybrid seismic isolation bearing system: shake table test and nonlinear numerical analysis","authors":"Pan Liu, Jianzhong Li, Jianfeng Gao, Xinyan Jiang, Hongya Qu","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109452","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hybrid seismic isolation bearing system (HSIBS) is composed of sliding friction bearing and elastomeric bearing, which fulfills the separation of vertical and horizontal force transmission mechanisms. The sliding friction bearing provides vertical support and energy dissipation, while the elastomeric bearing offers self-centering capability. Compared to conventional seismic isolation bearings, such a convenient design of the hybrid bearing system retains higher vertical loading capacity, better flexibility in post-yield stiffness selection, and little interference to traffic during post-earthquake retrofit. Therefore, the system has better adaptability to different seismic design requirements. To evaluate the seismic performance of the bearing system, a 1/3.5 scaled bridge model was designed and subjected to a shake table test. The experimental results demonstrate that the HSIBS exhibits good seismic performance, which significantly reduces the seismic response and residual displacement. Specifically, the maximum deformation of the bearing system is limited to a small level (49 mm), the bridge piers stay within an elastic state under the earthquake input with a peak ground acceleration (PGA) of 0.6 <span><math><mrow><mi>g</mi></mrow></math></span>, and the maximum residual displacement of the bearing system is negligible (2.85 mm). In addition, numerical simulations are conducted to verify the test results and analyze the seismic parameters of HSIBS. Parameter optimization of HSIBS is also performed, which achieved the balance of bearing displacement demand and moment of piers, hence enhanced efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 109452"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143842544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mao-Xin Wang , Andy Yat Fai Leung , Chuanbin Zhu , Baran Güryuva , M. Abdullah Sandıkkaya , Kun Ji
{"title":"Ground-motion models for Arias intensity, cumulative absolute velocity, and duration parameters in Türkiye","authors":"Mao-Xin Wang , Andy Yat Fai Leung , Chuanbin Zhu , Baran Güryuva , M. Abdullah Sandıkkaya , Kun Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arias intensity (<em>AI</em>), cumulative absolute velocity (<em>CAV</em>), and duration are important ground-motion parameters in earthquake engineering applications. In this article, region-specific ground-motion models for <em>AI</em>, <em>CAV</em>, and significant durations are developed using over 8200 records from a comprehensive Turkish strong-motion database. The proposed functional form describes the magnitude scaling with a piecewise term, whereas a magnitude-dependent geometric attenuation term and an anelastic attenuation term are utilized to characterize the distance scaling. The source characteristics are additionally captured by including depth to the top of rupture, faulting mechanism, and aftershock indicator as predictors. Besides, the time-averaged shear-wave velocity over the upper 30 m is used to describe the local site condition. A sensitivity test incorporating a basin depth term and a hanging wall term shows low improvement in predictive performance. Magnitude-dependent standard deviations are quantified to measure aleatory variability, and the single-station standard deviation after removing repeatable site effects is also studied. The comparison of the proposed ground-motion models with some existing models shows notable differences in predictions under certain scenarios. Additionally, the path duration and ground-motion directionality in Türkiye are investigated. As an early attempt towards the prediction of non-spectral parameters in Türkiye, this study can contribute to the local seismic hazard assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 109440"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143842545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Seismic response of moment resistance frame with rigid foundation embedded in a layered half-space: Incident SH waves","authors":"Qinghua Han , Yue Wang , Yan Lu , Zhenning Ba","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil-structure interaction (SSI) has non-negligible effect on seismic response of engineering structures. Yet theoretical solution for the seismic response of moment resistance frame in a layered half-space has seldom been studied, the mechanism of SSI effects remains ambiguous. In this paper, the indirect boundary element method is used to investigate the seismic response of a moment resistance frame with two embedded rigid foundations under the excitation of plane SH waves. Parametric analysis of relative flexibility of frame, incident angle, frame span and frame mass on the out-of-plane displacement of foundation and frame is also performed. Results show that the first natural frequency of foundation-moment resistance frame system, the structure-soil-structure interaction (SSSI) feature, and the first natural frequency of soil layer are highly relevant to response of frame. These characteristic frequencies will perform a significant resonance on the frame, and the amplification effect of SSI on frame displacement may reach up to 128.5 %–407.9 %. When the SH waves are obliquely incident, the interaction of foundations is decreased and a prominent reduction on the frame displacement will be observed at dimensionless frequency <em>η</em> = 0.660 when incident with angle <em>θ</em> = 30° and <em>η</em> = 2.231 when <em>θ</em> = 60°. With the increase of frame span, the displacement of frame first increases then decreases, which performs a comprehensive effect of characteristic frequencies and foundation spacing. As the frame span further increases, the flexibility of the beam is enlarged, the displacement of frame is subsequently increased.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 109444"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of soil spatial variability on simplified seismic slope displacement assessments","authors":"Tyler J. Oathes , Patrick Bassal","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Simplified procedures for evaluating seismic displacements of engineered and natural slope systems depend on the dynamic resistance and seismic loading of the potential sliding mass. Typically, the dynamic resistance is proxied by a seismic yield coefficient, and the seismic loading is proxied in part by the spectral acceleration at the degraded fundamental period of the slide mass. However, inherent soil spatial variability within slope systems can significantly contribute to uncertainties in these variables, which can propagate to uncertainties in the evaluated seismic displacements. This study investigates the influence of subsurface soil variability on the resulting uncertainty in the seismic yield coefficient, slide mass period, and estimated displacements for a series of hypothetical clay slopes. Pseudostatic stability analyses were performed using the finite difference program FLAC for approximating the seismic yield coefficient, the associated slide mass geometry, and slide mass period. Seismic displacements were determined using a state-of-practice simplified procedure for 40 ground motions. The soil was modeled using lognormal spatial random fields of the undrained shear strength, with alternative assumptions for the mean, coefficient of variation, and horizontal correlation range. Other parametric variations included alternative assumptions for the shear wave velocity, soil shear strength characterization, and slope geometry. The results demonstrate important considerations for interpreting the combined uncertainty (i.e., inherent soil variability and associated biases, compounded with modeling uncertainty) for practical evaluations of seismic displacements. Implications for incorporating ground motion uncertainty and using these findings within performance-based models are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 109435"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiasuo Qi , Jingqi Huang , Xu Zhao , M. Hesham El Naggar , Xiuli Du , Mi Zhao
{"title":"Relationship between the diameter variation rate of prefabricated segmental tunnels and performance targets","authors":"Jiasuo Qi , Jingqi Huang , Xu Zhao , M. Hesham El Naggar , Xiuli Du , Mi Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109443","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The seismic performance design of prefabricated segmental tunnels plays a crucial role in contemporary underground structure design. To address the inadequacies in the current definition and description of seismic performance for prefabricated segmental tunnels, this study focuses on the division of structural performance levels for shield tunnel structures and determines the deformation limit values for their seismic and waterproof performance objectives. The performance objectives of the prefabricated segmental tunnels were divided into five levels: basic intact, operational, repairable, medium-repairable, and severely damaged. To obtain quantifiable performance indicators for prefabricated segmental tunnels that correspond to these performance objectives, this study investigated two adjacent ring segments of 19 sealed roof blocks at different positions based on four classic sites. Finite element models with refined details were utilized for the pushover analysis to obtain the capacity curves for the segment structures. Based on the relationship between the capacity curves and the performance objectives, the limit values of the diameter change rates for each case were determined using geometric plotting methods. The limit values of the diameter change rates for the prefabricated segmental tunnels corresponding to the five performance levels were determined to be 1/1850, 1/320, 1/180, 1/160, and 1/130. Finally, an index system was established for the seismic performance of prefabricated segmental tunnels. The proposed angle limits provide foundational guidance for the seismic design of prefabricated segmental tunnels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 109443"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhi-le Yang , Hui-hui Dong , Xiu-li Du , Qiang Han
{"title":"Study on residual lateral drift ratio of RC bridge column with various cumulative damage under quasi-static cyclic loads and earthquake dynamic loads","authors":"Zhi-le Yang , Hui-hui Dong , Xiu-li Du , Qiang Han","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109426","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109426","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The post-earthquake residual lateral drift ratio of reinforced concrete (RC) bridge columns significantly affected the post-earthquake traffic functionality of the RC bridge. This study investigated the residual lateral drift ratio of RC columns with various cumulative damage under quasi-static cyclic loads and earthquake dynamic loads. To this end, a quasi-static test with multi-turn incremental reciprocating cycles and a one-turn cyclic same peak displacement was conducted to assess static residual displacement of RC columns with various cumulative damage under quasi-static cyclic loads. Test results showed that RC columns with larger cumulative damage exhibited lower unloading stiffness and smaller static residual displacement compared to those with smaller cumulative damage at ultimate displacement. Then, theoretical skeleton curves and unloading rules for RC columns considering deterioration due to cumulative damage were developed. Subsequently, the static residual displacements of RC columns with various cumulative damage levels under different target loading displacements were investigated based on the finite element (FE) model. Further, the dynamic residual lateral drift ratios of RC columns with various cumulative damage levels under earthquake dynamic loads were investigated, and the effect patterns of structural design parameters on residual displacements were analyzed using the incremental dynamics analysis (IDA) method. Results showed that RC columns with larger cumulative damage exhibited larger static residual displacements in the elastic phase and smaller static residual displacements in the plastic phase. The influence laws of cumulative damage of RC columns on dynamic residual displacements were inconsistent: for asymmetric ground motions, nonpulse-like ground motions resulted in larger residual lateral drift ratios, while for symmetric ground motions, near-fault pulse-like ground motions led to greater residual lateral drift ratios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 109426"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenze Wang , Jianze Wang , Mengtao Wu , Kaoshan Dai , Tao Li , Ashraf El Damatty
{"title":"Performance assessment of wind turbines in near-fault mountain regions subjected to physics-based simulated earthquake ground motions","authors":"Wenze Wang , Jianze Wang , Mengtao Wu , Kaoshan Dai , Tao Li , Ashraf El Damatty","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109442","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109442","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent decades, wind turbines (WTs) have experienced unprecedented growth, and their increased installations in mountainous regions has significantly elevated the associated seismic risk. However, the understanding of seismic wave propagation and ground motion attenuations, particularly considering source-path-site effects, remains limited, becoming a key bottleneck in the seismic design of WTs. To address this, this paper assesses the seismic performance of WTs by analyzing the combined effects of seismic source characteristics, wave propagation paths, and local site conditions, and proposes a novel method for assess site effects on WTs in mountainous regions using scenario-based earthquake simulations. In the methodology, the frequency-wavenumber (FK) method is employed for the semi-analytical solution of deep crustal Green's functions, the spectral element (SE) method for efficient large-scale wave field simulations, and the finite element (FE) method for detailed structural modeling of WT responses. The resulting FK-SE-FE approach enables a full-process physics-based simulation from fault rupture to the structural response. Using the Jishishan <em>M</em><sub>S</sub>6.2 earthquake as a case study, near-fault ground motions are synthesized to evaluate the influence of mountainous' terrain on the seismic response of WTs. Results indicate that the presence of the mountain during seismic wave propagation significantly increased the overall seismic response of the structure, with the tower-top displacement of the mountain-top WT being amplified by up to 2.56 times compared to the mountain base. Additionally, the continuous ridge effect led to an increased peak ground acceleration at the mountain base, but the overall amplification effect is more pronounced at the mountain top. These findings provide valuable insights for enhancing seismic design codes and developing risk mitigation strategies for WTs in complex terrains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 109442"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transverse seismic performance of small and medium-span simply supported bridges with buffered block seismic damping systems","authors":"Yuhao Liu, Wenxue Zhang, Ying Chen, Xiuli Du","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To improve the transverse seismic performance of small and medium-span simply supported bridges and ensure their post-earthquake traffic capacity, this paper proposes the Buffered Block Seismic Damping System (BBSDS). The BBSDS is designed to dissipate energy and limit displacements through a slip-and-deformation mechanism. The mechanical properties of the BBSDS are validated through theoretical analysis and numerical simulations. Additionally, a simplified mechanical model is developed. Nonlinear analysis models of simply supported bridges are established for four working conditions: without shear keys, with concrete shear keys, with steel shear keys, and with BBSDS. The base shear, base moment, relative displacement between the pier and girder, residual displacement, and bearing displacement are compared. The results show that a simply supported bridge with BBSDS effectively limits the displacement of the girder without significantly increasing the base response of the pier. Notably, the BBSDS also reduces the residual displacement and bearing displacement, thereby mitigating bearing failure. Parametric analyses were conducted on the slip stiffness, limit stiffness, and initial gap of the BBSDS. The results indicated that an increase in slip stiffness or limit stiffness effectively reduced the residual displacement; however, it may concurrently elevate the base response of the pier. The increase in the initial gap reduced the base response of the pier, but increased the relative displacement between the pier and beam, as well as the residual displacement. The recommended range of design parameters for the BBSDS is provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 109425"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143829886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qian Weimin , Shi Qingxuan , Long Miao-Miao , Wang Bin
{"title":"Experimental study and numerical simulation of prefabricated ECC energy dissipation wall-RC frame structure","authors":"Qian Weimin , Shi Qingxuan , Long Miao-Miao , Wang Bin","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reinforced concrete frame structures exhibit diverse configurations and geometrical complexity, which can lead to inter-story displacement angles and lateral displacements exceeding code-specified thresholds, thus failing to satisfy structural safety requirements. The incorporation of energy dissipation walls within RC frames has been shown to be an effective retrofit technique for enhancing both load-bearing capacity and lateral stiffness in new constructions and existing structures. Engineering Cementitious Composite (ECC), characterized by its distinctive strain-hardening behavior and multi-crack development capability, has been innovatively employed to fabricate prefabricated energy dissipation walls integrated with reinforced concrete (RC) frames, forming a novel composite structural system. Using the OpenSees finite element platform, this study developed a validated numerical model for low shear-span ratio ECC walls through the combined implementation of layered shell elements and NLDKGQ quadrilateral elements, with experimental verification confirming model reliability. Comparative analysis of two prototype configurations with different numbers of energy dissipation walls revealed significant seismic performance enhancements: the EDWF-2 specimen exhibited a 43 % higher bearing capacity than EDWF-1, while systematic evaluation of shear distribution mechanisms highlighted effective cooperative performance between components. Notably, the hybrid system maintains substantial horizontal shear resistance even at a 4 % inter-story displacement angle, with mid-span wall positioning optimizing frame-wall interaction. Performance quantification revealed remarkable improvements in three key seismic indicators—a 110 % increase in ultimate bearing capacity, a 164 % enhancement in lateral stiffness, and a 1.2-fold improvement in cumulative energy dissipation compared to EDWF-1—demonstrating the technical viability of prefabricated ECC energy dissipation wall-RC frame systems for advanced seismic-resistant structural applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 109447"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}