Yifei Ren , Guoliang Zhang , Junqi Zhang , Mi Zhao , Xiuli Du
{"title":"An open-source ABAQUS UEL implementation of SBPML for wave problems","authors":"Yifei Ren , Guoliang Zhang , Junqi Zhang , Mi Zhao , Xiuli Du","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the numerical simulation of wave problems, it is often necessary to truncate the unbounded computational domain at a finite distance to reduce the requirement of computational resources. To manage this truncation, artificial boundaries are introduced, among which the Scaled Boundary Perfectly Matched Layer (SBPML) is regarded as a reliable strategy. In this paper, we implement the SBPML element into the commercial software ABAQUS using the User-Defined Elements (UEL) subroutine. The key equations of the SBPML, the procedures of meshing for the SBPML domain, and the implementation workflow of the subroutine are given in details. Four benchmark examples of wave propagation problems in unbounded domains are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method. Furthermore, the application of the UEL in nonlinear seismic soil-structure interaction analysis is demonstrated by evaluating the seismic response of a five-layer alluvial basin in a homogeneous half space and an aboveground-underground integrated structure-multilayer soil system under obliquely incident earthquake waves. Using the proposed UEL, all wave propagation analyses can be directly implemented in ABAQUS with a seamless workflow. To facilitate the use of the proposed approach, the codes of the UEL are published in an open-source format.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 109211"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pore water pressure generation and sensitivity aspects for pile dynamics and capacity loss: CPTu records and case studies","authors":"Abolfazl Eslami, Dorsa Shadlou, Amirhossein Ebrahimipour","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil disturbance and excess pore water pressure generation, induced by dynamics and transient excitations such as pile driving, seismic loading, and impact effects, can significantly degrade the geotechnical strength and stiffness. Given the critical importance of axial capacity in sustaining superstructures, it is essential to recognize and mitigate potential damages. This research investigates the piles reduction of axial capacity through CPTu records, which offer rapid and reliable data. Aiming to quantify the consequences of soil sensitivity and excess pore water pressure, a comprehensive dataset has been compiled comprising CPTu and pile performance records from 11 diverse sites worldwide, focusing on soft and loose deposits. The research identifies problematic sublayers and, by incorporating an analytical approach, evaluates the intact and reduced shaft and toe resistance through three distinct methods. Results indicate a substantial reduction in bearing capacity due to dynamic loading on piles. Four levels of capacity loss concern are recognized quantitively. Through case studies, the response of the problematic deposit under dynamic loading is more apprehended, conforming with the findings. The current research addresses and emphasizes the necessity of realizing pile dynamics and problematic deposit interaction. It can lead to safe, reliable, and optimal design practices based on a comprehensive understanding of soil-pile interaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 109208"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nonlinear damping baffle-isolated tuned liquid damper for vibration control","authors":"Cong Liao , Zhipeng Zhao , Qingjun Chen , Yantao Xue , Yuan Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The traditional tuned liquid damper (TLD) has been demonstrated to mitigate structural dynamic responses through energy absorption and dissipation based on liquid sloshing. However, its effectiveness is limited by insufficient liquid mass utilization and diminishes under broadband excitation. To address these limitations, the nonlinear damping baffle-isolated tuned liquid damper (NDB-ITLD) is proposed as an alternative. A dual-performance-oriented design methodology for the NDB-ITLD has been developed, with a practical design curve for application. The NDB-ITLD is mounted externally on the primary structure with elastic isolators, incorporating the bottom-mounted vertical baffle within the liquid tank. A mechanical model and finite element simulation of the structure equipped with the NDB-ITLD are established, enabling a parametric investigation of the isolation layer and baffle parameters under white-noise excitation. The robustness of vibration mitigation is evaluated for structural response reduction under seismic excitation. The analysis results indicate that the NDB-ITLD effectively provides dual isolation and enhances inherent liquid damping due to the bottom-mounted vertical baffle. A broader vibration suppression frequency range and reduced displacement of the isolation layer are achieved, improving the structural response mitigation efficiency of the NDB-TLD. Additionally, the NDB-ITLD exhibits robust vibration control across diverse seismic intensities and types, attributed to its superior energy absorption and dissipation capabilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 109213"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dong-Yeup Park , Ilhan Chang , Minhyeong Lee , Gye-Chun Cho
{"title":"Enhancing soil liquefaction resistance and small-strain dynamic properties using cation-crosslinked biopolymer hydrogel","authors":"Dong-Yeup Park , Ilhan Chang , Minhyeong Lee , Gye-Chun Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In biopolymer-soil stabilization, biopolymers function in the soil either as viscous fluids or rigid gels. However, the influence of these hydrogel states on soil liquefaction resistance and their underlying mechanisms remain insufficiently understood. This study examines the seismic response of sand treated with biopolymers under small-to-medium strain cyclic loading, with a focus on the efficacy of Cr<sup>3+</sup>-crosslinked xanthan gum (CrXG) in mitigating liquefaction. Liquefaction resistance and dynamic properties of CrXG-treated soil were compared against thermogelation and non-gelling viscous biopolymer treatments using cyclic direct simple shear and resonant column tests. CrXG treatment at 1 % content improved liquefaction resistance (CRR<sub>10</sub>) from 0.088 to 0.687 by preventing shear strain accumulation and pore pressure buildup, with enhancing dynamic shear stiffness and delaying stiffness degradation and damping ratio changes to higher strain levels. In contrast, soils treated with non-gelling viscous XG exhibited limited reinforcement under large strain cyclic loading, showing earlier liquefaction and lower CRR<sub>10</sub> compared than untreated sand, alongside reduced dynamic shear modulus and rapid stiffness degradation. Comparisons across varying earthquake moment magnitudes revealed that CrXG-treated soil achieved liquefaction resistance comparable to other soil stabilization methods and demonstrated greater improvement efficiency than thermogelation biopolymers requiring thermal treatment. These findings highlight the potential of CrXG as a sustainable and practical solution for improving liquefiable soil stability under seismic loading.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 109212"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guofang Li , Xiangping Wang , Shaopei Wu , Deyang li , Lichao Ma , Wangcai Ding
{"title":"Dynamic response analysis of vehicle-track coupled system at subgrade-bridge transition zone in seasonal frozen region under multi-source excitation","authors":"Guofang Li , Xiangping Wang , Shaopei Wu , Deyang li , Lichao Ma , Wangcai Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is the key to ensure the safe operation of high-speed railway to explore the dynamic performance evolution of the vehicle-track coupled system under the conditions of multi-source excitation, such as environment and wheel-rail diseases. Based on the vehicle-track coupled dynamics and thermodynamic theory, a model under the interaction of an environment-vehicle-track-foundation structure at the subgrade-bridge transition zone in seasonal frozen region is established, in which the environment is typically represented by temperature. Besides, combined with a large number of monitoring data, the deformation of the foundation structure at the subgrade-bridge transition zone of high-speed railway in the seasonal frozen region and the evolution law of the vehicle-track dynamic response caused by the deformation are analyzed, as well as the causes of the lateral acceleration over-limit of the frame at the subgrade-bridge transition zone are particularly explored. The results indicate that significant follow-up deformation of frost heave and thaw settlement can occur in the rail-track-foundation structure. The influence of freeze-thaw and differential settlement on wheel-rail vertical force is much larger than that of frost heave in the mid-temperature seasonal frozen region with annual temperature of −20 °C–40 °C. In addition, the depression on both sides of the rail surface caused by the distortion of the rail at the abutment and bridge end is the main reason for the increase of the lateral vibration of the frame at the transition zone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 109216"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel seismic irregularity descriptor for measuring seismic risk of buildings on slopes with coupled structural irregularities","authors":"Rayudu Jarapala, Arun Menon","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Construction practices in countries characterized by hilly terrains often involve buildings on slopes with multiple foundation levels, resulting in coupled structural irregularities, both plan and vertical. Many earthquake reconnaissance reports highlight failures of such buildings due to coupled irregularities, reinforcing that they strongly influence the seismic response. Quantifying the seismic risk associated with coupled irregularities in the case of buildings on slopes is essential. In the case of buildings with vertical irregularities, the existing literature offers various descriptors to quantify the level of seismic irregularity and vulnerability or risk, but not all are applicable to buildings on slopes. Existing descriptors use geometrical, fundamental dynamic properties or a combination of both. Statistically verifying the efficacy of existing descriptors in quantifying the seismic risk associated with buildings on hill slopes is essential. For this purpose, reinforced concrete typologies prevalently practiced in hilly regions, such as split-foundation, step-back, step-back setback, and flatland buildings, are considered, and their seismic risk is evaluated through different probability metrics. The probability metrics, seismic fragilities, and mean annual exceedance probabilities indicate that the split-foundation building configuration is more vulnerable to seismic events than other buildings. The statistical study reveals a weak correlation between the existing descriptors and the seismic risk associated with buildings on hill slopes. This study, therefore, proposes a novel descriptor for buildings on hill slopes based on their fundamental dynamic characteristics, which has a strong statistical correlation in quantifying the seismic risk associated with these buildings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 109218"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Coupling effect of seepage and densification on soil reliquefaction resistance","authors":"Chi-Chin Tsai, Shao-Chi Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Case histories have demonstrated that once a site experiences liquefaction during an earthquake, it may be susceptible to repeated liquefaction in future events. However, the mechanisms behind this increased susceptibility are not fully understood. This study investigated this phenomenon using a series of shaking table tests on loose and medium dense soil specimens subjected to repeated shaking events. A unique aspect of these tests was the inclusion of prior upward, no, and downward static seepage conditions before shaking. The results revealed that prior seepage can indeed influence soil liquefaction resistance. Upward seepage reduces resistance, while downward seepage increases it. However, even with upward seepage due to dissipation of excess pore water pressure (i.e. post-liquefaction consolidation) during shaking, the tests exhibited decreased excess pore water pressure and settlement in the shaking sequence. This indicates an overall increase in liquefaction resistance due to densification from repeated shaking. The combined effects of these factors (densification and seepage) on reliquefaction resistance depend on the initial relative density of the soil and the duration of seepage during consolidation. This complex interplay can lead to either an increase or decrease in resistance. Finally, the study proposes a preliminary method to modify liquefaction resistance curves, incorporating the seepage effect. An example demonstrates how this modified curve can be used to quantitatively evaluate reliquefaction resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 109215"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Seismic analysis and design of multi-tiered steel eccentrically braced frames with built-up tubular links","authors":"Abolfazl Ashrafi, Ali Imanpour","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper evaluates seismic stability of multi-tiered steel eccentrically braced frames (EBFs) with build-up tubular shear links, emphasizing on the stability response of intermediate beams and columns, and proposes a seismic analysis and design method to enhance their stability response. The stability response of multi-tiered EBFs is heavily influenced by progressive yielding of intermediate link beams, out-of-plane deformation of unbraced intermediate beams, and column out-of-plane response. The proposed analysis and design method includes <em>i</em>) lateral bracing requirements for diagonal braces by considering the out-of-plane stiffness and strength of intermediate beams, <em>ii</em>) requirements to laterally brace intermediate beams at their ends by leveraging column out-of-plane stiffness and strength, <em>iii</em>) requirements to check the strength and stability of columns under combined axial force, in-plane and out-of-plane flexural demands, and <em>iv</em>) guidelines to control inelastic link rotation at each tier by utilizing in-plane flexural stiffness of the columns. Nonlinear static and dynamic analyses are conducted to evaluate the seismic response of multi-tiered EBFs and validate the proposed design method. The results confirm that the frames not designed to the proposed requirements may experience instability in intermediate beams and columns. EBFs designed in accordance with the proposed method better distribute the inelastic lateral deformation between tiers, and exhibit lower inelastic link rotations satisfying the allowable inelastic rotation for shear links. Finally, column in-plane and out-of-plane flexural demands are predicted with sufficient accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 109195"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lateral dynamic response of an offshore hollow pile in multilayered poroelastic soils considering effect of vertical load","authors":"Peng Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the lateral dynamic response of an offshore hollow pile within multilayered poroelastic soils, considering dynamic water-pile interaction (DWPI) and effect of vertical load. Initially, Using the method of separation of variables, the governing equations for inviscid compressible fluid and saturated poroelastic medium are solved to derive analytical expressions for the hydrodynamic force and soil resistance acting on the offshore hollow pile. Subsequently, by considering the continuity conditions at the soil–pile interface and the water-pile interface, the governing equations for the free, submerged, and embedded parts of the pile are solved, resulting in the solution for the lateral vibration of the offshore hollow pile. The lateral impedance of the offshore hollow pile is then determined using the transfer matrix method. Through parametric analysis, this study examines the influence of pile diameter, pile wall thickness, water depth, DWPI, vertical load, soil modulus, and soil permeability on the lateral dynamic response of offshore hollow piles. The findings emphasize that neglecting DWPI leads to an underestimation of the first-order resonance amplitude of the offshore hollow pile and an overestimation of its natural frequency, with the influence of vertical load on pile impedance amplified with increased water depth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 109203"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel failure surface predictive method for low-angle submarine slopes and coupling effects with monopile foundations","authors":"Benjian Song , Cathal Cummins , Qingping Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.109102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Existing FE methods have significant limitations in simulating the stability of low-angle, low-shear-strength submarine slopes with engineering structures such as monopiles. Therefore, the present study aims to develop a novel prediction method for the potential submarine slope failure surface based on the Mohr-Coulomb criterion and the shear strength reduction method, drawing on extensive FEM and LEM simulation results. By comprehensively investigating the shear strength and stress distribution at the base of the slope, a predictive relationship between the critical reduction factor and the critical slope failure angle was established. This was then used to predict and analyse the critical failure angle in 3D homogeneous curved slopes and 3D complex real-world seabed topography. The model results and validations demonstrate the present method is robust and accurate. Furthermore, when a large slope contains multiple secondary slopes, this approach can simultaneously capture several discontinuous potential failure surfaces, addressing the non-convergence issues of FEM in these problems. Finally, the present method is used to investigate the spatial distribution of landslide areas and their impact on the stability of monopiles in offshore wind farms over a 3D topography at Silver Pit near the coast of Lincolnshire and North Norfolk, UK with historical records of submarine landslides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 109102"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}