Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Influence of clay content on static shear strength of sand-clay mixture","authors":"Tao Li ,&nbsp;Yongfei Lin ,&nbsp;Ling Zeng ,&nbsp;Xiaowei Tang ,&nbsp;Gang Yang ,&nbsp;Shun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109721","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109721","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Static liquefaction will occur in saturated sand-clay mixtures under static loading. Understanding the mechanical behavior of sand-clay mixtures is crucial for evaluating its safety and stability. Through a series of isotropically consolidated undrained triaxial compression tests (CU), the effect of clay content (CC) on static shear strength of sand-clay mixtures were studied under constant sand skeleton void ratio (e_s). Test results demonstrate that static liquefaction happened for specimens with CC = 0 % (pure sand), 3 %, 5 %, 7 %, and 10 % under different confining pressures. By contrast, no static liquefaction occurred for specimens with CC = 12 % and 15 %. When CC = 0 %∼15 %, the peak deviator stress (q_peak) and mean effective stress at the steady state (p_ss') of corresponding specimens raise 305.6 %, 94.4 % and 97.6 % as well as 114.1 %, 987.9 % and 266.2 % under three different confining pressures, respectively. In addition, the microscopic characteristics of sand-clay mixtures with various clay contents were observed. It can be found that when CC ≤ 10 %, the clay particles primarily filled in the inter-sand voids, distributed on the surfaces of sand particles and located at the sand-sand contact points. And these clay particles can lubricate and bond sand particles, which can promote the liquefaction of mixed soil. The bonding effect of clay on sand is further enhanced when CC = 12 % and 15 %, and clay play an inhibitory role in the liquefaction of sand. Finally, a calculation equation of clay participation coefficient was proposed in current study, which can consider the effect of content, particle size and plasticity index of clay on the mechanical properties of sand-clay mixtures. The equation demonstrates excellent fitting results for both steady state data and cyclic stress ratio data in the present study and relevant literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 109721"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144887264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Centrifuge test determination of wharf responses due to spatially and temporally varying interactions between wharf piles and liquefied soil","authors":"Zheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Liang Tang ,&nbsp;Shengyi Cong ,&nbsp;Xianzhang Ling ,&nbsp;Chouw Nawawi","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Damage to wharf piles in liquefied soil has been observed in many strong earthquakes. A good understanding of soil-pile interactions is essential. Most previous studies ignored the variation in the interactions between piles and interpile soil. In addition, for wharves, the interactions vary with the development of pore water pressure under waterfront conditions. In this work, a centrifuge test was used to analyse the wharf response to soil-pile interactions, including spatial location and temporal characteristics of the wharf response. To investigate the varying shear resistance considering spatiality and time, the soil shear stress and strain at different vertical and lateral locations were divided into phases depending on the development of pore water pressure. Soil acceleration in the time and frequency domains, accompanied by pore water pressure accumulation, was examined. The response of the pile and deck, which varies in accordance with the soil behaviour, has also been systematically investigated. The impact of nonuniform soil liquefaction on pile-soil interactions was examined. The results show that the deformation of interpile soil was impeded by piles, resulting in alternating shear contraction to dilation after rapid accumulation of pore water pressure. This phenomenon decreases the acceleration amplitude of interpile soil in the time domain and frequency domain. The frequency bandwidth of the soil response was narrowed by pore water pressure build-up, and it was also affected by the extent of liquefaction. Amplification is produced in shallow-depth soil because the bandwidth overlaps the predominant bandwidth of the soil response. Significant changes in the soil shear response induce pronounced variations in the pile response.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 109731"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144880342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reinforcement mechanisms of cemented clay and its application for enhancing monopile lateral bearing capacity","authors":"Yuteng Liu ,&nbsp;Zihan Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaowu Shen ,&nbsp;Haoran Ouyang ,&nbsp;Ruizhe Jin ,&nbsp;Guoliang Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109728","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109728","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cemented soil reinforcement has been widely utilized as a foundation improvement method to increase the lateral load-bearing performance of monopiles. This study systematically investigates the mechanical properties of reinforced clay and its enhancement mechanism on the lateral bearing capacity of monopiles through geotechnical tests, laboratory model tests, and finite element analysis. The results demonstrate that increasing the cement content significantly improves the shear and compressive strengths of reinforced clay while transforming its failure mode from plastic to brittle. The reinforced clay substantially enhances the ultimate lateral bearing capacity of monopiles, with the reinforcement width exhibiting a more pronounced effect than the reinforcement depth. When the strength of the reinforced clay exceeds 1.0 MPa, the improvement in bearing capacity plateaus. Additionally, the bearing capacity shows a linear correlation with the reinforcement width, whereas the influence of the reinforcement depth diminishes beyond three times the pile diameter. A comparative analysis of two reinforcement methods (mechanical mixing and prefabricated models) reveals similar improvements in bearing capacity. Finite element analysis validates the experimental results, demonstrating that shallow reinforcement optimizes stress distribution and significantly reduces the maximum bending moment of the pile by enhancing the pile-soil interaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109728"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144878708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ranking Earthquake Prediction Algorithms: A Comprehensive Review of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Methods","authors":"Alireza Moghadamnejad ,&nbsp;Mohammad Amin Moghaddasi ,&nbsp;Mohammadjavad Hamidia ,&nbsp;Reza Karami Mohammadi ,&nbsp;Mehdi Zare","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Earthquake prediction is a complex and critical challenge within seismology, with significant implications for disaster mitigation and risk management. Recent advancements in Machine Learning and Deep Learning techniques have shown promising accuracy and reliability of earthquake prediction models. This review analyses various algorithms and methods for seismic event forecasting, focusing on Supervised, Unsupervised, and Deep Learning approaches. Additionally, other applications of these methods that are closely associated with the field of earthquake engineering (i.e., early warning systems) have also been extensively reviewed. A novel point-based ranking system is introduced, which simultaneously factors in the popularity of algorithms (measured by the number of published papers from 1951 to 2024) and their predictive accuracy. This system was applied to an analysis of 8644 research papers, enabling the identification of the top-performing algorithms in each category. Among the most effective methods are Regression (including linear, polynomial, and logistic regression), Random Forest (RF) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) for supervised learning, Clustering (including K-Means and other types), and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for unsupervised learning, and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM), and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for Deep Learning. While these algorithms show significant potential, challenges such as data variability, feature selection, and model interpretability persist. The review emphasizes the need for continued development of more robust and scalable models and interdisciplinary collaboration to enhance earthquake prediction capabilities and improve early warning systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 109740"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144880341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Duxseal boundary effects on static and dynamic responses in numerical models validated against small-amplitude dynamic centrifuge tests","authors":"Ge Cui ,&nbsp;Alec M. Marshall ,&nbsp;Charles M. Heron ,&nbsp;Liyao Wan","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109717","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109717","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effect of natural or man-made dynamic events on people is an important topic, in particular disturbance caused by construction activities or infrastructure systems. Centrifuge modelling has provided valuable insights and data for understanding the propagation of waves within the ground, as well as their interaction with surface and buried structures. Wave absorbing materials, such as Duxseal, have been widely employed within dynamic centrifuge tests due to their ability to reduce the impact of reflected waves at container boundaries. Despite their beneficial wave absorbing characteristics, the use of these materials at the walls of centrifuge model containers may also have negative consequences, potentially altering the actual dynamic response of the soil due to the compressibility of the wave absorbing materials. The extent of these effects and their contributing parameters (e.g. wave absorbing material properties, location, and thickness) is an area of uncertainty, which becomes problematic when attempting to validate analytical or numerical methods using the obtained centrifuge test data. With the aim of advancing the understanding of the effects of wave absorbing materials on dynamic centrifuge tests and providing guidance on how these effects can be appropriately considered within numerical models, this paper presents results from geotechnical centrifuge tests on ground-borne vibrations generated from the vertical oscillation of a single pile in sand with Duxseal boundaries, with a parametric study performed to calibrate a corresponding numerical model based on the results obtained from the centrifuge tests. The calibrated numerical model is then employed to extend the knowledge obtained from the centrifuge tests, and to explore the effects of Duxseal on physical modelling results. The presence of Duxseal is shown to affect the initial earth pressure coefficient <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>, in particular near the ground surface. The insights presented will benefit the analysis of future dynamic centrifuge tests involving wave-absorbing boundaries, in particular where the impact of this boundary on test outcomes is important (e.g. where the focus of analysis relates to a near-surface buried structure) and where numerical modelling is used to replicate centrifuge tests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109717"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transient response analysis of saturated-unsaturated subgrade considering pot cover effect","authors":"Yun Zhao ,&nbsp;Zi-jie Ji ,&nbsp;Zhang-long Chen ,&nbsp;Dao-sheng Ling ,&nbsp;Ping Xu ,&nbsp;Zhen-dong Shan","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109725","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109725","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The presence of impermeable cover layers, such as those found in airport runways, high-speed railway ballastless tracks, and highways, can impede the migration of water vapor within the subgrade. Under the influence of seasonal freeze-thaw cycles, the accumulation of moisture beneath these cover layers is known as the \"pot cover effect.\" This phenomenon is highly likely to induce subgrade frost heave and uneven settlement, posing significant hazards. Current research on this effect primarily focuses on its formation mechanisms and the patterns of water vapor migration, with limited attention given to the potential dynamic disaster issues associated with the pot cover effect. This paper establishes a one-dimensional saturated-unsaturated subgrade model, simplifying the cover layer as an impermeable boundary condition. The Biot theory for saturated soil and the wave propagation theory for unsaturated media are employed to simulate the affected and unaffected regions by the pot cover effect, respectively. Based on the eigenfunction method, transfer matrix method, and precise time integration method, a semi-analytical solution for the transient response problem is directly provided in the time domain. The correctness of the solution presented in this paper is verified through two degenerate case study. The results of the case analysis indicate that the pot cover effect significantly influences the excess pore water pressure. The peak pore water pressure in the pot cover layer is approximately 18.66 times higher than that without the pot cover effect. As the initial water content of the subgrade increases, both the pore water pressure and the solid phase displacement show an increasing trend. In engineering practice, the dynamic disaster issues caused by the pot cover effect require special attention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109725"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Negative stiffness driven TMD with vertical load support for smart seismic control of high-rise buildings and energy response properties","authors":"Hiroki Akehashi,&nbsp;Kazuki Watai,&nbsp;Naoto Kamoshita","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Negative stiffness driven-TMD (NSD-TMD) that uses negative stiffness and inertial mass in the auxiliary connection is proposed. Its optimal design parameters and the energy response characteristics of buildings equipped with NSD-TMD are also clarified. NSD-TMD links the main and auxiliary connections to different stories. The main connection consists of a spring and a dashpot, similar to conventional TMDs. The auxiliary connection comprises positive and negative spring elements and inertial mass. The negative stiffness and inertial mass in the auxiliary connection amplify the control force or the dissipated energy by the main connection. Furthermore, either story linked by both connections can support the vertical load of NSD-TMD. When lower stories support the vertical load of NSD-TMD, structural members in upper stories do not need additional reinforcement. To investigate the energy response characteristics of buildings equipped with NSD-TMD, the energy transfer function is introduced, and the equivalent damping ratio is formulated. Finally, the time-history response analyses for MDOF building models subjected to various types of ground motions are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of NSD-TMD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109742"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic behavior and deformation of calcareous sand under cyclic loading","authors":"Bingxiang Yuan ,&nbsp;Xianlun Huang ,&nbsp;Runcheng Li ,&nbsp;Qingzi Luo ,&nbsp;Jim Shiau ,&nbsp;Yonghong Wang ,&nbsp;Junhong Yuan ,&nbsp;Sabri Mohanad Muayad Sabri ,&nbsp;Shiyuan Huang ,&nbsp;Cheng Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Calcareous sand undergoes substantial cumulative deformation under cyclic loading conditions, which may affect the safety and performance of marine structures exposed to wind and waves. To investigate this phenomenon, a series of drained cyclic triaxial tests were conducted on calcareous sand under varying confining pressures (<em>σ</em>_<em>c</em>), initial deviatoric stress ratios (<em>η</em>_<em>s</em>) and cyclic dynamic stress ratios (<em>η</em>_<em>d</em>). The results reveal that cumulative axial strain in calcareous sand increases with the number of loading cycles, while the rate of increase gradually diminishes, indicating a transition to a plastic stability stage. Most of the cumulative axial strain occurs within the first 100 cycles, with minimal incremental strain in subsequent cycles. Furthermore, the stress-strain curves become progressively denser as the number of cycles loading increases. Among the influencing factors, cyclic stress ratio and initial deviatoric stress ratio have a more significant effect on cumulative axial strain compared to confining pressure. Based on the experimental data, a model for predicting the cyclic cumulative deformation of saturated calcareous sand was developed. The model's predictions closely align with the experimental results, confirming its reliability. These findings enhance the understanding of cumulative deformation behavior in calcareous sand under cyclic loading and provide valuable insights for the design and maintenance of marine infrastructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109730"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An initial subsystem stiffness-integrated seismic performance optimization approach for super high-rise frame-core tube structures using generalized models","authors":"Xiao Lai ,&nbsp;Zheng He ,&nbsp;Jian Yang ,&nbsp;Zichen Li","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109734","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109734","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Complex super high-rise frame-core tube (FCT) structures often present numerical challenges during seismic optimization due to their numerous components and high lateral stiffness requirements. In response to these challenges, this study proposes an efficient initial subsystem stiffness-triggered optimization and performance control strategy, developed through newly created nonuniform flexure-shear coupled models (FSM-MS) and hybrid rocking models (HRM). A physically rational link is established for the estimate of subsystem stiffness of FCT structures by HRM and FSM-MS via the distributions of overturning moments and shear forces. The variations in dynamic properties resulting from stiffness degradation in concrete core tubes and exterior columns, as well as the vertical displacement ductility demand of steel outriggers, are utilized to assess the damage of each subsystem within the four-level performance-based seismic design framework. The subsystem damage is incorporated into the formulation of a multi-objective optimization problem, with structural cost and collapse margin ratio as the objectives, and constraints defined from three distinct aspects. The convergence, computational efficiency and stability of the proposed optimization strategy is systematically demonstrated on the case study of a 60-story FCT structure. It is observed to be superior to the case of randomly-generated initial samples and practically applicable for the seismic optimization of super high-rise FCT structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109734"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active sparse polynomial chaos expansion for reliability analysis of underground structures considering the spatial variability of soil properties","authors":"Wenhao Zhang ,&nbsp;Pinghe Ni ,&nbsp;Mi Zhao ,&nbsp;M. Hesham El Naggar ,&nbsp;Xiuli Du","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes a reliability analysis method based on surrogate models to estimate the failure probability of geotechnical engineering structures under spatially varying soil properties. Although Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) provides accurate results, it requires many simulations, making the computational cost often unaffordable. The proposed method utilizes efficient sparse polynomial chaos expansion (SPCE) to approximate the limit state function of the structure. Bayesian inference techniques are introduced to consider the uncertainty caused by surrogate modeling, and a cluster of SPCE models is constructed using the Laplace approximation. The reliability is estimated by combining the clusters of surrogate models via MCS. Additionally, active learning techniques reduce the cost of building surrogate models, resulting in a new reliability analysis method based on active learning Bayesian sparse polynomial chaos expansion (AL-BSPCE). The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through numerical analysis of a foundation under elastic soil and a subway station considering soil–structure interactions using the Karhunen–Loève (K-L) expansion method for random field discretization. Furthermore, the results obtained from the proposed method are compared and discussed with those from MCS, the active learning reliability method based on Kriging (AK-MCS), and the active bPCE-based reliability analysis (A-bPCE) methods. The proposed method shows promising potential in terms of accuracy and efficiency for the given case study, indicating its application prospects in the field of structural reliability analysis and optimization design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109738"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}