Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering最新文献

{"title":"The contribution of near-fault ground motion velocity pulse to the seismic response of high-speed railway bridge-track system","authors":"Biao Wei ,&nbsp;Shuaijie Yuan ,&nbsp;Andong Lu ,&nbsp;Ruimin Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhixing Yang ,&nbsp;Lizhong Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Velocity pulses are often considered a critical factor leading to significant structural responses and more severe damage under near-fault ground motions. This paper investigates the impact of near-fault ground motion velocity pulse (NGMVP) on the contribution of high-speed railway bridge-track system's seismic response and establishes predictive models, incorporating eight ground motion parameters. With wavelet packet transformation, the original ground motions are decomposed into high-frequency and low-frequency pulse components. These components, along with the original ground motions, are then separately input into the system. Subsequently, the seismic responses of the system are obtained through nonlinear time history analysis. For a more comprehensive characterization of NGMVP, 19 ground motion and pulse parameters are selected. Through regression analysis, the parameters with high correlation with near-fault ground motion response ratio are preliminarily screened. Then, four prediction models are established to realize the prediction from the parameters to the response of each component of the system. Furthermore, this paper also examines how the number of parameters impacts model performance. The results indicate that the near-fault ground motion parameter ratio has a high correlation with the response ratio of low-frequency pulse component, while the correlation with the response ratio of high-frequency residual components is low. Among the four prediction models, the exponential product prediction model has the best prediction effect. The final model formula and parameter values are also established, enabling a quantitative analysis of the contribution of NGMVP to the seismic response of the system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109563"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144313947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnitude-based damage analysis of high-speed railway track bridge system across canyon","authors":"Lizhong Jiang ,&nbsp;Wei Li ,&nbsp;Liqiang Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the significant impact of topographic effects on seismic intensity, the spatial attenuation relationship of seismic waves during actual earthquakes is usually complex. Traditional seismic fragility analysis methods rely on input from ground motions (<em>GMs</em>), making conducting rapid damage assessments difficult. Accurately simulating the process of seismic wave propagation from the hypocenter to the bridge site is crucial for the rapid evaluation of high-speed railway track-bridge system (HSRTBS) during seismic events. This study overcomes the limitations of classical seismic fragility analysis by proposing a HSRTBS seismic fragility analysis method considering moment magnitude (<em>M</em>_<em>w</em>). Taking a canyon in China as the site, a physics-based seismic simulation method is used to model the propagation process of seismic waves from the hypocenter through the geology and topography under various <em>M</em>_<em>w</em> values. A probabilistic seismic demand model (PSDM) considering <em>M</em>_<em>w</em> is developed via the cloud analysis (CA), and the relationship between <em>M</em>_<em>w</em> and the damage probability of HSRTBS is quantitatively analyzed. The results show that canyon topography significantly affects the seismic response and damage distribution of HSRTBS, with notable differences across different slope types. The face slope's peak ground acceleration (<em>PGA</em>) amplification factor can reach 1.78. In contrast, the back slope exhibits a certain degree of attenuation due to interference effects, which follows a similar pattern to the seismic records from the Chi-Chi earthquake in the Feitsui canyon. The proposed seismic fragility analysis method considering <em>M</em>_<em>w</em> for enables rapid damage assessment of HSRTBS under specific seismic scenarios. This approach overcomes the limitations of traditional seismic fragility analysis, which cannot account for complex topography.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109612"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IDA-based fragility curves for helical pile-supported bridges in cohesive soil","authors":"Burak Ozturk,&nbsp;Ahmed Fouad Hussein,&nbsp;M. Hesham El Naggar","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109618","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109618","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fragility curves were developed for a three-span bridge structure supported by helical piles in homogeneous cohesive soil. To address uncertainties in material properties, Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) was used, while Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) was employed to construct the seismic demand model. Fifteen bridge samples were subjected to 22 ground motion records, each scaled to 20 intensity levels, resulting in a total of 6600 three-dimensional nonlinear time history analyses. The resulting probabilistic seismic demand model estimated expected damage across a range of seismic intensities, using key engineering demand parameters, pier drift, pile ductility factor, and settlement ratio, to evaluate damage states from slight to complete. Regression results showed that total span length, rebar yield strength, and damping ratio significantly influence pier drift, with longer spans increasing drift while higher rebar strength and damping ratios decrease it. Furthermore, the ductility factor of piles is affected by damping ratio, the number of piles, and foundation area, while damping and pile spacing significantly impact the settlement ratio. Overall, the analysis indicated that helical piles are more vulnerable in terms of ductility than settlement, making them the most critical component in the bridge–soil–foundation system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109618"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144313946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic response and failure mechanisms of laminated soft coal under impact loads: A comprehensive study","authors":"Hanwu Liu ,&nbsp;Feng Li ,&nbsp;Lijun Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address challenges in soft coal seam excavation, including dynamic coal mass variations, low permeability, frequent dynamic phenomena, and roadway deformation during pre-outburst stages, this study employed a self-developed triaxial loading and impact experimental setup to investigate failure mechanisms of composite specimens with varying ratios. Experimental results demonstrate that external loading induces \"cross-shaped\" primary fractures, radial secondary fractures, and micro-fractures in coal masses, predominantly formed through shear failure. Numerical simulations reveal significant confining pressure sensitivity in stress field evolution, showing that increased confining pressure elevates stress magnitudes by 15–28 % and expands stress influence zones by 30–45 %. Building on these findings, we propose a high-pressure staged hydraulic fracturing technique targeting key strata to interrupt stress transmission paths. Experimental validation shows progressive pressure relief attenuation ratios of 22.68 %, 39.77 %, and 44.14 % with cavity expansion in critical layers. When combined with roof slotting (7m borehole spacing), this integrated approach enhances coal permeability and structural stability, achieving: 10 % increase in gas extraction volume, 11 % concentration enhancement, 1.22-fold reserve growth, 95 % reduction in dynamic phenomena frequency, and 20 % decrease in return airflow gas concentration. Roadway deformation decreased substantially from initial ranges of 1592-945 mm (height) and 963-715 mm (width) to 162-11 mm and 146-13 mm post-treatment. This methodology provides a novel technical pathway for safe and efficient soft coal seam excavation, demonstrating significant potential for dynamic disaster prevention and risk mitigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109546"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144313948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonlinear negative stiffness effect for enhanced isolated structures vibration Control: Mechanism and real-time hybrid simulation testing","authors":"Yafei Zhang ,&nbsp;Ning Li ,&nbsp;Yuchen Hu ,&nbsp;Tianchang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nonlinear negative stiffness devices (NNSD) have been demonstrated to be effective in controlling structural vibration responses. In this study, the influence of the nonlinear negative stiffness effect of NNSD with varying compression ratios on the performance of base-isolated structures (BIS) is investigated. Based on the force-displacement hysteresis curves of NNSD, analytical models are proposed, and their feasibility is subsequently evaluated. The third-order Taylor expansion model is revisited not to challenge its validity, but to show that a fifth-order model is necessary for accurately capturing the nonlinear behavior. Higher-order expansions are not needed, and the required expansion order should match the level of geometric nonlinearity. Then, a series of real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS) confirmed that NNSD with fixed compression ratios can effectively control structural vibration. These findings underscore the importance of collaboratively optimizing the compression ratio in conjunction with the stiffness and displacement responses of the isolation story in BIS. When the hybrid system approaches a quasi-zero stiffness state, further reduction of the compression ratio does not yield additional improvements in control performance. Selecting an appropriate compression ratio is therefore essential for achieving optimal vibration control. To further enhance the control effect, the incorporation of additional damping or energy dissipation devices may be considered. Lastly, the compression ratio of the NNSD determined based on the expected displacement of isolation story under various seismic design standards is illustrated, and their performance is evaluated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109602"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic active earth pressure for bridge abutments based on design response spectrum","authors":"Haoyu Xie ,&nbsp;Wengang Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhaoguang Tang ,&nbsp;Chuan Wei ,&nbsp;Haiming Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109609","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Calculating seismic active earth pressure for bridge abutments is a traditional yet critical issue. Existing analytical methods in the limit equilibrium state framework still have significant shortcomings in considering the time history and distribution characteristics of seismic inertial forces. Using the design response spectrum and mathematical methods derived from the random vibration theory and Fourier transform, this article proposes solutions for the horizontal seismic acceleration distribution in backfill soil. This study established a new model for calculating seismic active earth pressure for bridge abutments using the modified seismic acceleration distribution, including analytical solution formulas for the resultant force, intensity distribution, and resultant-force location. Furthermore, a series of centrifuge shaking table tests were conducted. The proposed method provided a more accurate description of the nonlinear characteristics of seismic acceleration and seismic earth pressure intensity distributions compared with conventional methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109609"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reusability of damping behavior in friction damper using brake pads: Experimental evaluation under repeated loading without intervening maintenance","authors":"Dingbin Li,&nbsp;Yun Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the past decade, friction dampers have been increasingly integrated into structural components to mitigate seismic damage and reduce post-earthquake repair costs, aiming to enhance the seismic resilience of infrastructure. A critical demand in this context is the application of optimized friction shims that could prevent wear on the contacting metallic surface and exhibit reliable reusability of damping behavior under repeated loading without requiring maintenance. Inspired by the fact that brake pads do not damage the wheel surfaces, this study investigatesd the feasibility of using three types of brake pad materials as friction shim in friction damper: (a) Phenolic resins with aramid fiber (PRAF); (b) Phenolic resins with fine iron wire/steel fiber (PRIW); (c) Iron-based powder metallurgy (PM). These brake pads were installed in a symmetric friction damper and tested under two initial average contact pressures: 8.93 MPa and 14.88 MPa. Therefore, six specimens were assembled. A loading protocol with a constant loading velocity of 5 mm/s, including 42 loading cycles, was adopted. The loading protocol was executed twice to evaluate the reusability of the damping behavior in these specimens. Notably, there was a time interval between these two loading sequences during which no maintenance operations were performed to simulate mainshock-aftershock earthquake sequences. The bolt force fluctuation, temperature variation, and stability in the friction coefficient and friction strength across both loading sequences were examined. The results showed that: (a) These brake pads did not cause wear damage to the contacted metallic surface; (b) Compared with aramid fiber, the iron wire/steel fiber was more effective in improving friction coefficient; (c) The friction coefficient and friction strength of the specimens using PM was increasing gradually during the initial sliding due to the break-in phase. The specimens using PM exhibited the highest friction strength and energy dissipation after completing the break-in phase compared to those using PRAF or PRIW; and (d) Specimens equipped with PRAF or PRIW had satisfactory reusability in terms of friction strength, fatigue resistance, and energy dissipation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109496"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Undrained behavior and strength degradation of undisturbed marine clay under various stress levels","authors":"Weilong Zhang ,&nbsp;Bo Chen ,&nbsp;Wuwei Mao ,&nbsp;Kaikai Xu ,&nbsp;Xiong Zhang ,&nbsp;Yu Huang ,&nbsp;Hu Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the undrained behavior and strength degradation of marine clay under cyclic loading, which is critical for assessing the performance of coastal and offshore structures. A series of dynamic triaxial tests were conducted on undisturbed marine clay to analyze the evolution of double amplitude strain, pore water pressure, and the degradation index under varying stress levels. Post-cyclic undrained shear tests were also performed to evaluate strength degradation. The results show that a higher cyclic stress ratio (CSR) accelerates the development of double amplitude strain and pore water pressure, with an inflection point in the double amplitude strain evolution curve at approximately 3 %. The critical CSR ranges from 0.15 to 0.20 for clay at depths of 50–60 m, whereas the clay at depths of 70–80 m exhibits a higher critical CSR ranging from 0.20 to 0.25. The cyclic loading effect leads to a reduction in the undrained shear strength of the soil samples, which shows a strong correlation with post-cyclic pore water pressure and double amplitude strain. These findings provide valuable insights for marine engineering design in clay-rich regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109569"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Fidelity numerical simulation of centrifuge tests on the superstructure-pile-liquefiable sand soil system","authors":"Degao Zou ,&nbsp;Tianju Wang ,&nbsp;Jingmao Liu ,&nbsp;Kai Chen ,&nbsp;Bin Wang ,&nbsp;Xiuyang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study develops a three-dimensional (3D) cross-scale finite element simulation approach for the entire superstructure-pile-liquefiable sand system, based on the Scaled Boundary Finite Element Method and Finite Element Method (SBFEM-FEM) coupling analysis method for saturated porous media and incorporating a state-dependent generalized plasticity model. A high-fidelity numerical reproduction of centrifuge tests is conducted to validate the approach. First, the sand soil model parameters are calibrated based on existing research. Then, a cross-scale finite element analysis model is established, incorporating Goodman interface elements to simulate pile-soil interaction. The proposed method is validated through comparisons with experimental results, while the spatiotemporal distribution of excess pore water pressure (EPWP) in the soil is further analyzed to assess the effects of sand liquefaction on the pile and superstructure. The key findings are as follows: (1) The proposed method accurately captures the EPWP evolution and dynamic response of structures in sands with different relative densities; (2) A wedge-shaped pile-soil interaction zone exists at the mudline, where the soil first experiences dilation followed by contraction, resulting in significant oscillatory pore pressure. The pile within this zone bears a considerable horizontal load; (3) Three deformation modes of the pile foundation were identified. Liquefaction intensifies pile inclination in loose sand layers while reducing the horizontal displacement of the superstructure. The pile shaft embedded in the dense sand layer reduces the inclination, but the entire shaft embedded in the dense sand layer intensifies the dynamic response of the superstructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109565"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deformation and stress characteristics of simply supported beam bridges crossing fault under reverse fault dislocation","authors":"Yi Han,&nbsp;Cheng Peng,&nbsp;Long Zhang,&nbsp;Zhenghua Zhou,&nbsp;Jiacong He,&nbsp;Wei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109610","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109610","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the deformation patterns and failure mechanisms of simply supported beam bridges crossing faults subjected to reverse fault dislocation, a 1:16-scale bridge model was designed based on a national highway section in western China. Utilizing a Large Normal Gravity Strong Earthquake Ground Rupture Model Device, model experiments were conducted to analyze the deformation and stress characteristics of these bridges under reverse fault dislocation. Complementing the physical modeling, a finite element model incorporating concrete damage plasticity was developed to examine the damage characteristics of the prototype bridge under reverse fault dislocation. Experimental results indicated that reverse fault dislocation induces multiple deformation phenomena in simply supported beam bridges crossing faults, including: (1) beam displacement and inclination, (2) bearing misalignment, (3) pier inclination, and (4) beam drop failure with increased fault dislocation, ultimately leading to complete bridge collapse. Numerical simulations revealed that the damage characteristics of simply supported beam bridges over reverse faults manifest as: (1) tensile damage primarily resulting from beam displacement-induced collision and compression and (2) tensile damage occurring mainly at four critical locations—pier foundations, beam bottoms, abutment breast walls, and back walls. The data and conclusions obtained from the model experiments and numerical simulations can provide critical references for the seismic design and construction of bridges crossing active faults in seismically complex regions of western China, especially in multi-fault systems such as those in Xinjiang, China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109610"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144290637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}