Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering最新文献_第9页

Seismic retrofit and performance evaluation of controlled dual-fused strengthening system for bridges 桥梁可控双熔加固体系抗震改造及性能评价

IF 4.2 2区工程技术

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Pub Date : 2025-06-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109631

Bingda Wang , Shengshan Pan , T.Y. Yang , Hui Qin , Qingfei Luo

{"title":"Seismic retrofit and performance evaluation of controlled dual-fused strengthening system for bridges","authors":"Bingda Wang , Shengshan Pan , T.Y. Yang , Hui Qin , Qingfei Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109631","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109631","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bridges are critical yet vulnerable components of terrestrial transportation networks, susceptible to severe damage during earthquakes. Traditional strength-based seismic design methods have often led to insufficient seismic resilience, resulting in excessive residual deformation and poor post-earthquake recoverability. To address these challenges, this study proposes an innovative seismic resilient bridge strengthening system, termed Controlled Dual-Fused Strengthening (CDFS) system. The CDFS system can be implemented by replacing the bearings in the original bridge with two types of specially designed lead rubber bearings (LRBs). To achieve multiple performance objectives at different levels of earthquake intensities and ensure the safety of design values, the equivalent energy design procedure (EEDP) was optimized, resulting in the development of the energy equivalence-based strengthening design (EESD) method. The EESD method is adopted to design the CDFS system to meet multi-level performance objectives without requiring iterative processes. The comprehensive three-dimensional finite element model was developed in OpenSees, and extensive nonlinear time history analyses were conducted. Simulation results demonstrate that the prototype bridge equipped with CDFS effectively meets multi-level performance objectives across varying hazard intensities. The analysis validates EESD method as a robust methodology for designing CDFS systems, highlighting its potential as an efficient and reliable retrofitting solution to enhance the seismic resilience of vulnerable bridges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109631"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144490288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dynamic damage analysis of tunnel structure across multiple fault fracture surfaces based on Hilbert transform coupled with improved wavelet packet transform 基于希尔伯特变换和改进小波包变换的跨多断层破裂面隧道结构动态损伤分析

IF 4.2 2区工程技术

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Pub Date : 2025-06-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109551

Xi Zhang , Yusheng Shen , Mingyu Chang

{"title":"Dynamic damage analysis of tunnel structure across multiple fault fracture surfaces based on Hilbert transform coupled with improved wavelet packet transform","authors":"Xi Zhang , Yusheng Shen , Mingyu Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109551","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An improved wavelet packet threshold (IWPT) function combined with the Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) denoising method is proposed. Coupling with Hilbert transform, seismic damage dynamic identification on tunnel structure through multiple fracture surfaces is analyzed, based on the data obtained by shaking table test. The results reveal that the IWPT method significantly enhancing signal denoising performance compared to traditional threshold function methods. The IMFs optimal method based on the Composite Multiscale Permutation Entropy (CMPE) markedly improves accuracy of signal decomposition and reduces noise interference. The proposed damage identification method enables precise analysis of degree and opportunity of damage on tunnel structure crossing multiple fracture surfaces, surpassing traditional analytical methods. By analyzing the Hilbert marginal spectrum, instantaneous power, and instantaneous energy spectrum of tunnel structure, it is concluded that seismic damage is most severe near the main fault fracture surface (FFS) on hanging wall, followed by the main FFS on footwall, with the least damage occurring in the central of fault fracture zone. The method provides valuable reference for the seismic technology and damage identification analysis of tunnel engineering in high-intensity earthquake regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109551"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Kinematic response of single piles with arbitrary cross-sections to vertically incident P-waves 任意截面单桩对垂直入射纵波的运动响应

IF 4.2 2区工程技术

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Pub Date : 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109597

Huan Liu , Qijian Liu

{"title":"Kinematic response of single piles with arbitrary cross-sections to vertically incident P-waves","authors":"Huan Liu , Qijian Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109597","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The kinematic response of piles to seismic waves differs from the free-field motion due to soil–pile interaction. The modified Vlasov model is a powerful tool for evaluating the seismic response of pile foundations. However, difficulties in determining the attenuation function hinder its application to piles with arbitrary cross-sections. Herein, an analytical solution is proposed to examine the kinematic response of single piles with arbitrary cross-sections under vertically incident P-waves. A novel displacement model is formulated by utilizing conformal mapping to characterize the motion of the soil–pile system under vertical seismic excitation. Then, the governing equations for the displacement function and the attenuation function are derived by using Hamilton’s principle. The governing equation for the displacement function is solved explicitly. Instead, the governing equation for the attenuation function is addressed by designing a one-dimensional central difference scheme. The unknowns in these functions are determined by satisfying the relevant boundary conditions and following an iterative procedure. The model is validated by comparing the pile responses with those obtained by the available results and with those by the Finite Element Method (FEM). Focusing on rectangular single piles, the study reveals that an increase in the aspect ratio enlarges the amplitude of the kinematic response factor for a low stiffness ratio, the amplitude of the axial force, and the influence radius.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109597"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144472131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison between constant-volume and fully undrained cyclic simple shear tests using the strain-based energy concept 基于应变能量概念的等体积和完全不排水循环单剪试验的比较

IF 4.2 2区工程技术

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Pub Date : 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109628

Betegard Jeudy , Ibrahim Lashin , Mourad Karray

{"title":"Comparison between constant-volume and fully undrained cyclic simple shear tests using the strain-based energy concept","authors":"Betegard Jeudy , Ibrahim Lashin , Mourad Karray","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The cyclic direct simple shear (C<em>DSS</em>) test has been widely used for dynamic analysis, including soil liquefaction. C<em>DSS</em> enables the replication of shear wave propagation and considers more representative stress conditions during earthquakes. Several studies have investigated the drawbacks of C<em>DSS,</em> including the prominent artificial pressure jump (<em>R</em><sub><em>u</em></sub><em>∗ jump</em>) produced in the first few cycles during constant-volume tests, as demonstrated in the pioneer works of Prevost and Høeg (1976) [37]. However, the effect of this pressure jump on the overall C<em>DSS</em> results, including the number of cycles to produce liquefaction or cyclic mobility, has not yet been investigated experimentally. Therefore, this study investigated this aspect using a series of strain- and stress-controlled fully undrained triaxial simple shear (<em>T</em><sub><em>x</em></sub><em>SS</em>) and constant-volume C<em>DSS</em> tests. Strain-controlled test results were used to establish relationships between dissipated energy and <em>R</em><sub><em>u</em></sub> to examine the difference between the fully undrained and constant-volume tests conducted on the same basis. The results show that the artificial <em>R</em><sub><em>u</em></sub><em>∗</em> leads to the overestimation of the <em>R</em><sub><em>u</em></sub> values and underestimation of the cyclic resistance. However, consistency between the C<em>DSS</em> and <em>T</em><sub><em>x</em></sub><em>SS</em> results was achieved after correcting the <em>R</em><sub><em>u</em></sub><em>∗ jump</em> error. The agreement between the experimental and numerical results confirms the efficiency of the stain-based energy concept to improve the cyclic C<em>DSS</em> test results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109628"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study on mechanical response and mechanism analysis of bored piles under different grouting combinations in coastal regions 沿海地区不同灌浆组合下钻孔灌注桩力学响应及机理分析研究

IF 4.2 2区工程技术

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Pub Date : 2025-06-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109621

Zhiyuan Ji , Guoliang Dai , Yunfeng Hu , Hongbo Liu , Yufan Xiang

{"title":"Study on mechanical response and mechanism analysis of bored piles under different grouting combinations in coastal regions","authors":"Zhiyuan Ji , Guoliang Dai , Yunfeng Hu , Hongbo Liu , Yufan Xiang","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109621","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109621","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The bearing capacity of piles in coastal soft soil regions is of critical importance. Combined tip and side grouting is a practical technique for effectively enhancing pile capacity. To specifically meet the demands of superstructure loading, engineers are particularly concerned about the improvement in pile capacity under different combined grouting methods. In this study, four field test piles were utilized to investigate various combinations of tip and side grouting. By comparing static load test results before and after grouting, the effect of different side grouting ring configurations on the axial bearing characteristics of piles was analyzed. Additionally, the borehole coring tests and standard penetration tests (SPT) were conducted to reveal the grouting mechanisms and the extent of its influence. Furthermore, numerical simulations were employed to explore the effect of different tip grouting parameters on pile bearing capacity. The results indicate that combined grouting significantly enhances pile capacity by mobilizing both tip and side resistance. Increasing number of side grouting rings led to an improvement in pile capacity by 67.98 %–107.94 %. Moreover, in coastal silty clay layers, side grouting primarily occurs in the form of fracture grouting, whereas tip grouting forms a cement-gravel mixture through compaction and infiltration. Finally, numerical simulation results validated that increasing the strength of the tip grouting material has a limited effect on enhancing pile capacity, whereas expanding the grout diffusion range is more effective in improving pile capacity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109621"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of efficacy of intensity measures for fast and reliable seismic fragility analysis of bridge columns 快速、可靠分析桥梁柱地震易损性的烈度措施有效性评价

IF 4.2 2区工程技术

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Pub Date : 2025-06-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109614

Jian-Cheng Dai , Dong-Sheng Wang , Xiao-Yu Chen , Wei-Jian Tang , Rui Zhang , Ying-Xin Hui

{"title":"Evaluation of efficacy of intensity measures for fast and reliable seismic fragility analysis of bridge columns","authors":"Jian-Cheng Dai , Dong-Sheng Wang , Xiao-Yu Chen , Wei-Jian Tang , Rui Zhang , Ying-Xin Hui","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109614","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109614","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intensity measure (IM) is a crucial factor of probability seismic performance assessment, particularly in the development of fragility curves. This study establishes an evaluation framework to assess the efficacy of IMs, defined as the ability to enable fast and reliable fragility analysis. A k-means clustering algorithm, using various IMs as the clustering features, is employed to select representative ground motions for the fragility analysis of two bridge columns. Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence is used to quantify the differences between the fragility curves obtained from different IMs or subsets of ground motions and a benchmark fragility curve generated using 1736 natural ground motions to assess the efficacy of each IM in fast and reliably compute fragility curves of bridge column. The superiority of the geometric mean of acceleration response spectrum (<em>Sagm</em>) as an IM from the perspective of least-squares sense is demonstrated, and it can represent the effects of different ground motions on structural seismic response. The results indicate that <em>Sagm</em> exhibits a high efficacy in fragility curve computation of bridge column. Further, the optimal period range for <em>Sagm</em> with best efficacy is 0.2T<sub>1</sub>-2.5T<sub>1</sub> (T<sub>1</sub> is the fundamental period of the structure).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109614"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wave scattering by a buried cavity in an unsaturated porous half-space 非饱和多孔半空间中埋空腔的波散射

IF 4.2 2区工程技术

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Pub Date : 2025-06-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109617

Zhe Yang , Weihua Li , Yexin Wan , Sen Zheng , Sainan Zhu

引用次数: 0

Relationship between ground motion parameters and seismic gap distances of adjacent RC frame buildings 相邻钢筋混凝土框架建筑地震动参数与地震间隙距离的关系

IF 4.2 2区工程技术

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Pub Date : 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109601

Muhammet Kamal, Mehmet Inel

{"title":"Relationship between ground motion parameters and seismic gap distances of adjacent RC frame buildings","authors":"Muhammet Kamal, Mehmet Inel","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109601","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109601","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to investigate the relationships between ground motion parameters (GMPs) and seismic gap distances of adjacent low and mid-rise RC buildings. A total of 22 GMPs were taken into account as Intensity Measures (IM) input. In addition to the 20 different GMPs, the spectral acceleration values of the dominant period of the adjacent buildings were also included for each acceleration record. 28 different binary building models (three dimensional, 3D) were created among reinforced concrete buildings ranging from 3 to 10 stories. 616 nonlinear time history analyses were performed using 22 different acceleration records to obtain the minimum required seismic gap distances between binary building models. The correlation between GMPs and separation distances between neighboring buildings was also investigated. The outcomes show that velocity-related GMPs such as Housner Intensity (HI), Velocity Spectrum Intensity (VSI) are very effective in estimating the seismic gap distances of adjacent buildings. Also, spectral acceleration values of adjacent buildings exhibit strong correlation. Whereas, acceleration, frequency and displacement related parameters have moderate or low correlation. In particular, PGA, one of the frequently considered parameters in performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE), has a low correlation. This study has developed ground motion parameters-based approaches that can estimate the seismic gap value between adjacent buildings using the three GMPs with the highest correlation values. The correlation values for the proposed approaches for <em>HI</em>, <em>S</em><sub><em>a1</em></sub><em>(T</em><sub><em>1</em></sub><em>),</em> and <em>VSI</em> parameters were obtained as 0.91, 0.89 and 0.89, respectively. Compared to the DDC method in the literature, these parameters have higher correlation and lower error metrics. The proposed ground motion parameters-based approaches in this study are simple and useful for the evaluation of existing low and mid-rise RC buildings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109601"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Shaking table test study of large-scale (1/15) nuclear containment vessel supported by pile group foundation in a layered ground 层状地基桩基支撑大型（1/15）核安全壳振动台试验研究

IF 4.2 2区工程技术

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Pub Date : 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109611

Jianwen Liang , Yongguang Wang , Qinghua Han , Zhenning Ba , Jinyuan Zhang , Mingjie Liu , Hao Wu , Puzhou Yang , Xinda Chong

{"title":"Shaking table test study of large-scale (1/15) nuclear containment vessel supported by pile group foundation in a layered ground","authors":"Jianwen Liang , Yongguang Wang , Qinghua Han , Zhenning Ba , Jinyuan Zhang , Mingjie Liu , Hao Wu , Puzhou Yang , Xinda Chong","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigated the seismic response of nuclear containment vessel supported by pile group foundation in a non-rock site through a series of large-scale shaking table tests. The test model was 1/15 scaled nuclear containment vessel (outer diameter 2.96 m, height 5.38 m) supported by a pile group foundation, which was fixed at the bottom of the newly developed large-scale laminar soil box (5 m × 5 m × 2 m). The pile group foundation was modeled by 19 piles with diameter of 0.2 m and height of 1.5 m, and the layered ground was represented by 0.75 m thickness sand layer over 1.05 m thickness silty clay layer. The tests were conducted at the National Facility for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NFEES) of Tianjin University and the input motions included the RG 1.60, safety evaluation wave, and Chi-Chi wave with peak accelerations ranging from 0.1g to 1.0g. The failure phenomenon, dynamic characteristics, acceleration, displacement, and strain responses were recorded and analyzed. Findings reveal that the containment vessel maintains its integrity even under loading cases exceeding safe-shutdown earthquake (SL-2). The pile group foundation exhibits a seismic resistance effect on the containment vessel, compared with the rigid foundation. The pile group foundation sustains significant damage at the pile heads. Notably, the pile heads on the outer ring experience approximately 20 % higher bending moments than those on the inner ring. Under three-directional (3D) loading, the containment vessel exhibits an approximately 20 % rise in peak concrete tensile strain and a 50 % elevation in peak acceleration amplification factor compared with one-directional (1D) loading. The results indicate that the pile group foundation can serve as an effective and reliable foundation for nuclear containment vessel constructed on complex non-rock sites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109611"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The dynamic responses of undisturbed loess to seismic excitation: Centrifugal shaking table test 原状黄土在地震作用下的动力响应：离心振动台试验

IF 4.2 2区工程技术

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Pub Date : 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109616

Jiang Wu , Shuai Shao , Xiaocong Zhang , Liguo Yang , Bin Zhang , Xiaowu Ma

{"title":"The dynamic responses of undisturbed loess to seismic excitation: Centrifugal shaking table test","authors":"Jiang Wu , Shuai Shao , Xiaocong Zhang , Liguo Yang , Bin Zhang , Xiaowu Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Undisturbed loess is highly sensitive to humidity and vibration. It is prone to serious seismic subsidence disasters under seismic loads. The dynamic responses and failure mechanisms of loess were investigated in centrifugal shaking table tests at different moisture contents and with different excitation amplitudes. The results show a significant acceleration amplification effect, especially at greater peak seismic acceleration<strong>s</strong> and with drier soil. With the increase of excitation amplitude and moisture content, the degree of seismic settlement deformation becomes more significant and the risk of foundation instability increases. The shear action of seismic loading leads to the collapse of the undisturbed loess pore structure and the gradual densification of the skeletal structure, resulting in sudden additional settlement. With the loss of primary structure and the formation of secondary structure, the deformation process of seismic settlement of loess can be divided into four stages: elastic vibration, local shear, yield damage and deformation stabilization. The seismic subsidence damage form of undisturbed loess is dominated by vertical deformation and accompanied by the development of tension cracks caused by uneven settlement. The crushing phenomenon is serious in the local area, and may even trigger penetrating fracture damage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49502,"journal":{"name":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109616"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0