Determination of shear wave velocity in bender element testing using objective criteria in time domain

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI:10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109817

Adel Ahmadinezhad, Babak Shahbodagh, Samah Said, Nasser Khalili

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Bender element (BE) testing is widely used in geology and geotechnical engineering to measure shear wave velocity, essential for characterising geomaterial stiffness. However, accurate determination of the shear wave arrival time (T_s) in BE tests remains challenging due to near-field effects, boundary reflections, and wave attenuation. Existing time-domain approaches for T_s estimation, including First-to-First, Peak-to-Peak, Wave Inflection, and Cross-Correlation, often rely on subjective interpretations. Leveraging a comprehensive experimental program of over 400 BE tests conducted on six different dry sands at various input excitation frequencies (4–30 kHz), this study introduces objective methods for T_s determination using direct time-domain and cross correlation approaches. The proposed methods are benchmarked against the results from resonant column (RC) tests to assess their reliability and accuracy. The results reveal that the accuracy of the estimation methods depends on the frequency range of the transmitted wave due to the inherently dispersive nature of waves in BE testing. It is shown that the first peak in the received signal exceeding 30 % of the maximum amplitude (PK30) is the most consistent and reliable indicator of T_s across the studied frequency range.

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用时域客观准则确定弯管件试验中横波速度

弯曲单元（BE）测试在地质和岩土工程中广泛应用于测量剪切波速，这是表征岩土材料刚度的关键。然而，由于近场效应、边界反射和波衰减，在BE测试中准确确定横波到达时间（Ts）仍然具有挑战性。现有的时域t估计方法，包括首对首、峰对峰、波的弯曲和相互关系，通常依赖于主观解释。利用在不同输入激励频率（4-30 kHz）下对6种不同干砂进行的400多次BE测试的综合实验方案，本研究介绍了使用直接时域和相互关联方法确定Ts的客观方法。将所提出的方法与共振柱（RC）试验结果进行了基准测试，以评估其可靠性和准确性。结果表明，由于BE测试中波的固有色散特性，估计方法的准确性取决于透射波的频率范围。结果表明，在所研究的频率范围内，接收信号中第一个峰值超过最大幅度（PK30）的30%是最一致和最可靠的Ts指标。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 工程技术-地球科学综合

CiteScore

7.50

自引率

15.00%

发文量

446

审稿时长

8 months

期刊介绍： The journal aims to encourage and enhance the role of mechanics and other disciplines as they relate to earthquake engineering by providing opportunities for the publication of the work of applied mathematicians, engineers and other applied scientists involved in solving problems closely related to the field of earthquake engineering and geotechnical earthquake engineering. Emphasis is placed on new concepts and techniques, but case histories will also be published if they enhance the presentation and understanding of new technical concepts.