Granular Matter最新文献

{"title":"Study on unsteady pumping characteristics of concrete in gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow pipeline based on CFD-DEM","authors":"Jinning Zhi,&nbsp;Shuxuan Yang,&nbsp;Yabo Wei,&nbsp;Lingying Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s10035-026-01626-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10035-026-01626-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gas suction during the concrete pumping process causes a transition from constant flow to unsteady flow, seriously compromising boom stability. Therefore, this study investigated the characteristics of unsteady flow in the different pipelines of a pump truck. Firstly, based on the C40 concrete properties, a pipeline fluid domain geometric model was established to verify the grid independence. Then, a three-phase flow mathematical model was constructed, including gas-liquid phase control equations, a solid particle motion equation, and a laminar flow model. Gas and liquid phase flows were simulated using Fluent, and the interaction between solid particles was simulated using Rocky. The flow characteristics of straight, elbow, and combined pipes were simulated using a coupling method of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and discrete element method (DEM). Finally, a comparison is made based on numerical simulations of the effects of different pipeline structures and pumping parameters on concrete flow characteristics. The results indicate that increasing the gas volume fraction reduces pressure in both straight pipes and elbows, and decreases the excitation force in straight pipes. However, the excitation force in the elbow remains unchanged. Notably, the excitation force in the straight pipe peaks at a gas volume fraction of 30%. Increasing the attitude angle of the straight pipe raises the pressure but decreases the excitation force. Increasing the curvature radius of the elbow will increase the pressure, but it has little effect on the excitation force.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":49323,"journal":{"name":"Granular Matter","volume":"28 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147341994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory investigation of breakage and deformation characteristics of phyllite residual fills under varying gradation conditions","authors":"Chen Liang,&nbsp;Yanjie Zhang,&nbsp;Xu Wang,&nbsp;Hanxing Zhu,&nbsp;Weizhong Lai,&nbsp;Hengzhen Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10035-025-01606-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10035-025-01606-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To elucidate the coupled breakage–deformation mechanisms of soft rock residuals in large-scale embankment applications, this study focuses on phyllite materials from the Kangluo Expressway project in Gansu Province, China. A combined experimental and numerical investigation was conducted under varying gradation conditions to examine interactions between particle breakage and deformation. Talbot continuous gradation curves (n = 0.30, 0.50, 0.7) and corresponding single-sized gradations were evaluated. A total of 400 single-particle crushing tests were performed to derive the Weibull modulus <i>m</i> and characteristic strength σ₀ through statistical fitting. One-dimensional confined compression tests were conducted in a steel cylinder (150 mm diameter, 300 mm height). To quantify the relative breakage ratio, one-dimensional confined compression tests were performed in a rigid steel cylinder (150 mm diameter, 300 mm height). The specimen was subjected to a stepwise axial stress path, which initiated from a minimal seating stress (regarded as 0 kPa for reference) and advanced through discrete increments to a peak of 15 MPa. Complementary discrete element simulations, implemented in PFC3D, employed a Fragment Replacement Method (FRM) to model particle breakage. The model stipulated that when the octahedral shear stress of a particle surpassed its specific fracture threshold, the mother particle would be instantaneously replaced by an assembly of 14 Apollonian sub-particles. This replacement was governed by the strict conservation of both mass and volume, ensuring the physical realism of the simulated breakage process. The simulation results aligned closely with experimental data regarding stress–strain behavior and the correlation between Talbot gradation and breakage ratio. These findings provide experimental validation and theoretical guidance for utilizing soft rock waste and calibrating discrete element models.</p>\u0000 <span>AbstractSection</span>\u0000 Graphical Abstract\u0000 <div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div>\u0000 \u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49323,"journal":{"name":"Granular Matter","volume":"28 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147341752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic response, viscoelastic relaxation and boundary deformation in granular photoelasticity","authors":"Benjamin McMillan,&nbsp;Stuart B. Dalziel,&nbsp;Nathalie M. Vriend","doi":"10.1007/s10035-026-01619-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10035-026-01619-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Photoelasticity has become a widely used tool for quantifying stresses in quasi-two-dimensional experimental granular flows, providing valuable insight into the behaviour of inter-particle forces, typically for quasi-static flow geometries. Here we analyse high-inertial photoelastic collisions, and investigate the particle-scale dynamic response, relaxation due to viscoelasticity, and boundary deformation. Through high-speed experiments using impulsive loading of particles, we find that standard photoelastic theory fails under high-inertial conditions. In this work, we extend the photoelastic methodology to accurately capture forces acting on polymeric particles experiencing rapid changes in momentum. Our experiments highlight the influence of viscoelastic properties of our polymer particles, and we identify two key timescales to describe the viscoelastic relaxation. Importantly, we report the existence of <i>fossil photoelasticity</i>, showing that the photoelastic signal at a given moment in time may not accurately depict the instantaneous forces acting on a particle. In this work, we introduce a modified theoretical framework that accounts for particle deformation and so allows greater insight into the inter-particle contact mechanics of experimental granular systems. Our <i>distributed-force</i> approach to deriving photoelastic fringe patterns enables stress distributions along deformed particle boundaries, rather than through infinitesimal areas, to be extracted from experimental images.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div><div><p>In this work, we perform high-speed experiments to subject photoelastic particles to highly inertial forces. We find that current theory fails to capture the inertial photoelastic response, and we provide an updated mathematical formulation to account for these unbalanced forces. We also observe important viscoelastic properties of photoelastic particles and develop a model to describe their leading-order relaxation behaviour. Finally, we introduce a framework to utilise particle boundary deformation, providing unprecedented insight into the spatial distribution of stresses acting on photoelastic particles.</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":49323,"journal":{"name":"Granular Matter","volume":"28 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10035-026-01619-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147339326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The damage mechanism of Shanghai marine soft clay considering effect of aggregate break-up","authors":"Chao Ye,&nbsp;Hong Sun,&nbsp;Yinghui Niu,&nbsp;Xueming Tang","doi":"10.1007/s10035-026-01620-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10035-026-01620-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The damage of marine soft clay during the loading process is closely related to the microstructure changes. Triaxial shear tests and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) tests were carried out on the marine soft clay in the fourth layer of Shanghai. It focuses on analyzing the effect of microscopic clay aggregates break-up on the damage of Shanghai marine soft clay during the shearing process, and revealing the damage mechanism. The results show that: during the shear process, the Shanghai marine soft clay stress–strain curves show obvious strain hardening phenomenon, and the secant modulus undergoes attenuation, and the maximum attenuation degree reaches 90.9%. The microstructure mainly undergoes clay aggregate cementation destruction, clay aggregate break-up and disintegration into smaller aggregates or dispersed clay particles. The relative breakage <i>Br</i> of clay aggregates increases gradually with the increase of confining pressure and strain, with a maximum value of 0.24. It can be calculate by the proposed equation with confining pressure and strain. The damage variable <i>D</i> is proposed based on the relative breakage <i>Br</i>, the <i>D</i> has a negative exponential relationship with strain. And the secant modulus damage evolution equation of Shanghai marine soft clay is developed, which can accurately describe the modulus damage evolution of Shanghai marine soft clay in the shear process. It can further deepen the understanding of the damage of Shanghai marine soft clay.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":49323,"journal":{"name":"Granular Matter","volume":"28 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147338711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light sheet imaging in granular materials: interdisciplinary opportunities","authors":"Joshua A. Dijksman,&nbsp;Alexei D. Filippov,&nbsp;Ahmed Al Harraq,&nbsp;Babak Vajdi Hokmabad,&nbsp;Sujit S. Datta,&nbsp;Elisabeth Bowman","doi":"10.1007/s10035-026-01622-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10035-026-01622-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Granular materials, ubiquitous in geophysics, chemical engineering, biophysics and soft matter physics, present unique challenges for optical imaging due to their opaque and heterogeneous nature. This perspective paper provides a comprehensive overview of opportunities in Light Sheet Microscopy (LSM) techniques for imaging granular materials, emphasizing refractive index matching as a critical tool for visualizing internal deformations and flow dynamics. By matching the refractive indices of solid particles and surrounding fluids, researchers can create “transparent soils” or analogous systems, enabling detailed examination of particle interactions, strain fields, and fluid flow. To comprehensively introduce opportunities for future research, the review explores the evolution of LSM, from early broadband light sources to modern laser and LED-based systems, highlighting advancements in wavefront shaping and contrast generation through scattering and fluorescence. The paper also surveys some innovative approaches for LSM and index matching, such as Sephadex spheres and cryolite. Emerging techniques, such as wavefront shaping and three dimensional imaging with event cameras, are presented as promising avenues for future research. Additionally, the review connects granular imaging to biological systems, demonstrating its relevance for studying microbial motility, biofilm growth, and tissue engineering. This perspective paper aims to guide and inspire researchers in selecting and refining LSM techniques for advancing the understanding of complex particulate systems.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div><div><p>Light Sheet Microscopy offers opportunities for granular materials science.</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":49323,"journal":{"name":"Granular Matter","volume":"28 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10035-026-01622-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147338563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic behavior of eccentric discharging in the underground grain silo based on discrete element method","authors":"Xu Wang,&nbsp;Li-bing Jin,&nbsp;Dou-dou Zhu,&nbsp;Jing-jin Zhang,&nbsp;Qiang Wu,&nbsp;Zhen-qing Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10035-025-01602-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10035-025-01602-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Underground grain squat silos offer a series of advantages, including energy saving, low carbon emissions, and environmental protection, which are of great significance in the context of food security. To investigate the behavior of particle dynamics and the dynamic response between the silo and particles in the underground grain squat silo during eccentric discharge, a combination of numerical simulation and theoretical analysis was employed. A mathematical model was constructed using the discrete element method, and a comparison with Janssen’s theory corroborated its validity. The particle dynamics behavior of eccentric discharge was examined through the established numerical model, with a view to elucidating the variations in dynamic pressure, particle contact stress, velocity, and angular velocity that occur under eccentric discharge conditions. The results demonstrate that: (1) The dynamic pressure and overpressure coefficients exhibit variation in different directions during eccentric discharge, with a gradual decrease observed with increasing discharge hole. (2) The incorporation of a central cylinder introduces a more intricate flow path for the particles during the discharge process. As the number of discharge hole increases, the flow path of the particles extends in length, and the velocity of the particles gradually increases, while the angular velocity and contact stress gradually decrease. (3) The displacement of the silo is relatively minor and diminishes as the quantity of discharge apertures rises. This paper offers a theoretical reference for the optimization of the structural design, grain discharge process, and overall performance of underground grain squat silos.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":49323,"journal":{"name":"Granular Matter","volume":"28 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147338087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of stress history on lateral earth pressure coefficient at rest: A discrete elements analysis","authors":"Abdelghani Khellaf,&nbsp;Mouloud Mansouri","doi":"10.1007/s10035-026-01618-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10035-026-01618-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this work is to contribute to a better understanding of the physical aspects involved in the coefficient of lateral earth pressure at rest (<span>(K_0)</span>), focusing in particular on the effect of loading history on this coefficient. For this purpose, a 2D discrete element modeling of a cyclic oedometer test on a granular sample is carried out. It is shown that the evolution of <span>(K_0)</span> with loading is in good agreement with that of empirical formulas derived from experience. Analysis of the variation of certain micromechanical parameters, namely the fabric tensor, the number of contacts and the forces acting in contact with the load, has shown that for a normally consolidated granular sample, horizontal contacts are dominant, this dominance decreases with increasing degree of overconsolidation. The variation in the dominant direction of contacts is due to the differential change in the number of contacts per direction as the load varies. The orientation of the contacts may give some indication of the tendency of <span>(K_0)</span>, however, the value of <span>(K_0)</span> is more influenced by the forces acting on these contacts. The evolution of <span>(K_0)</span> according to a loop for a loading-unloading cycle in the oedometer test, is ultimately governed by intergranular friction.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div><div><p>Effect of stress history on lateral earth pressure coefficient at rest. A discrete elements analysis</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":49323,"journal":{"name":"Granular Matter","volume":"28 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147337242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical and experimental investigation of shaped charge jet penetration in soil targets with varying moisture content","authors":"Guanghao Shi,&nbsp;Zhengxiang Huang,&nbsp;Xudong Zu,&nbsp;Bin Ma","doi":"10.1007/s10035-025-01607-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10035-025-01607-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>For a jet to effectively penetrate a soil-covered target, the depth of penetration (DOP) into the soil must exceed a critical threshold, while the cavity diameter produced by the precursor shaped charge of a tandem warhead should be large enough to allow the unimpeded passage of the main projectile. In light of the prevalent application of protective structures with overburden layers, this study examines the penetration behavior of shaped charge jets into soil targets. Additionally, the impact of soil moisture content—considering seasonal variations—on jet penetration performance is investigated. The analysis addresses the roles of shock waves and compressibility during penetration, proposes a novel four-stage penetration process, and formulates an axial penetration equation. Based on this framework, a jet penetration model for soil targets is developed by incorporating the HELD cavity growth model. Four experimental tests were carried out in which shaped charge jets penetrated soil with different moisture contents. The results indicate that the proposed model provides accurate predictions for both radial cavity growth and DOP, showing good agreement with experimental data. Furthermore, it is observed that radial cavity dimensions increase markedly with rising moisture content, whereas axial penetration depth remains largely unaffected.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":49323,"journal":{"name":"Granular Matter","volume":"28 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147337241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical investigation on the suffusion of the methane hydrate-bearing sediments under different methane hydrate saturations and environmental conditions using CFD-DEM","authors":"Guangshuai Li,&nbsp;Mingjing Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s10035-025-01615-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10035-025-01615-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study utilizes a coupled computational fluid dynamics and distinct element method (CFD-DEM) to analyze the suffusion behaviors of the grain-cementing type methane hydrate-bearing sediments (MHBS) under different methane hydrate (MH) saturations and environmental conditions. MH bonds existing in the MHBS sample were synthetize by using thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical (THMC) contact bond model, which accounts for the influences of ambient temperature, pore water pressure, and salinity on the MH behavior. A comprehensive series of suffusion tests is performed under various hydraulic heads to investigate the impact of MH saturation and environmental conditions on the suffusion behaviors of MHBS. The results demonstrate that the breakage of MH bonds between fine and coarse particles is a fundamental prerequisite for the migration of fine particles. Both the cumulative fine mass loss ratio and the bond breakage ratio are two important factors in determining the critical hydraulic gradient of MHBS, which increases as MH saturation or the value of condition parameter increases. Besides, the void ratio variation during suffusion of MHBS is influenced by both the particle migration and the hydraulic gradient. Finally, this study presents the permeability coefficient equation and erosion law for MHBS suffusion, which incorporate important parameters related to MH, such as MH saturation, bond breakage ratio, and the condition parameter.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":49323,"journal":{"name":"Granular Matter","volume":"28 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147337239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DEM study of spatiotemporal segregation in cylindrical containers","authors":"Dóra Edelmann","doi":"10.1007/s10035-026-01616-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10035-026-01616-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The arrangement of dry, mono- and bidisperse granular systems composed of spherical particles, dynamically introduced from a central inlet under the effect of gravity, is being investigated within a cylinder with frictionless walls. The analysis, performed using 3D discrete element modeling, investigated the arrangement and structure of granular systems with an 1:3 particle diameter ratio and varying mass fractions. The analysis focuses on the temporal and spatial evolution of kinetic segregation, the ordering of the systems, and the development of different types of interactions (particle–particle and particle–wall). Additionally, the 2D arc of the upper surface of the particle system is described using for a quick determination of the interstitial air volume and the void fraction within the granular systems. For the analysis of the effect of dynamic filling, static, space-filling samples were created. A detailed research plan was prepared to thoroughly document the computational methods of the study. Based on the incoming mass fraction into the same system, 6 segregation 3D zones can be distinguished. Fractures (cracks) form in the framework of the mono-disperse particle system early in its arrangement within the container. The resulting concave surface can be well approximated with linear and quadratic curves. The average normal force acting on the volume units of the smaller particles is 1.7–2.8 times greater than that of the larger ones. The temporal segregation of particles barely depends on size. The entry of small particles at a 10% mass fraction into the system results in segregation and the rearrangement of the particle framework. The relationship between the number of contacts of the granular system’s particles and the cylinder’s bounding elements is exponential in quasi–static states.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49323,"journal":{"name":"Granular Matter","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10035-026-01616-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147335977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}