Granular Matter最新文献

{"title":"An experimentally validated magnetic force model for discrete element modeling of paramagnetic granular media","authors":"Anmol Sikka,&nbsp;Christine Hartzell","doi":"10.1007/s10035-026-01643-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10035-026-01643-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Magnetic interactions between metallic granular particles can lead to magnetic cohesion, influencing the flow characteristics of granular media. This magnetic cohesion has been studied in the context of Magneto-Rheological Fluids (MRFs) for their unique flow properties and their use across multiple industries. In Planetary Science, magnetic cohesion can influence regolith behavior on metallic asteroids with remnant magnetic fields. The upcoming NASA Psyche mission will study the metallic asteroid 16-Psyche, which is expected to have a surface magnetic field. Modeling and simulating the effect of magnetic cohesion on granular media is crucial for accurately simulating the behavior of magnetic granular materials in both terrestrial and planetary applications. We introduce an improved magnetic force model in LIGGGHTS, an open-source discrete element modeling software, to calculate magnetic forces between paramagnetic grains. The model is based on the Mutual Dipole Method and the Inclusion Model, extensions of the Fixed Dipole Method. We validate the model using 1-D unit tests and compare the results of avalanche simulations of paramagnetic regolith with experimental data. This work contributes to understanding the role of magnetic cohesion in small body surface processes and provides a tool for future studies of magnetic granular materials in DEM.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49323,"journal":{"name":"Granular Matter","volume":"28 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10035-026-01643-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147829078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-scale mechanical analysis of irregular cohesionless-frictional granular materials under moving surface loads","authors":"Wei Cai,&nbsp;Dariusz Wanatowski,&nbsp;Ping Xu,&nbsp;Qi-Wen Jian,&nbsp;Hai-Sui Yu,&nbsp;Xu Zhao,&nbsp;Runhua Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10035-026-01645-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10035-026-01645-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The mechanical behaviour of granular materials under moving surface loads has been previously investigated through hollow cylinder tests or structural body tests. Nevertheless, the influences of self-weight-induced stress and residual stress have typically been neglected in these investigations. This study developed a structural model comprising irregular cohesionless-frictional particles subjected to moving surface loads, employing the two-dimensional (2D) discrete element method (DEM) for computational analysis. The findings reveal that both self-weight-induced stress and residual stress significantly influence the macro- and micro-mechanical behaviours of the material. The horizontal stress demonstrates an asymmetric distribution throughout load application, primarily attributed to the existence of horizontal residual stresses. This asymmetric distribution gradually diminishes with increasing structural depth as the residual stress decays. Moreover, the deviatoric stress exhibits an asymmetric cardioid-shaped evolution pattern during shear stress development. With increasing structural depth, the asymmetry of the stress evolution gradually attenuates, primarily due to the reduction in residual stress. The evolutionary pattern transitions from a cardioid-shaped to an oval-shaped profile, resulting from the enhanced influence of self-weight-induced stress. Furthermore, the principal direction of normal contact force anisotropy evolves in a manner closely aligned with the principal stress direction. The principal directions of anisotropies demonstrate near-coaxial alignment exclusively when the surface load traverses directly above the monitored elements.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div><div><p>Multi-scale mechanical response of irregular granular materials under moving surface loads</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":49323,"journal":{"name":"Granular Matter","volume":"28 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147829514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation method for particle-contact friction in granular media","authors":"Keiko M. Aoki,&nbsp;Mahesh M. Bandi","doi":"10.1007/s10035-026-01642-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10035-026-01642-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We propose a particle simulation method derived from a Hamiltonian with a mechanism of energy dissipation through particle-particle contact friction. The total energy dissipation variable <i>S</i> is paired with a function <span>(F(mu ))</span> which works at each contact among constituent particles. A two dimensional quasi-static system is simulated to make clear the possibilities and the limitations of the proposed method. By changing the macroscopic dissipation coefficients <span>(gamma )</span> systematically, we have shown how the macroscopic energy dissipation <span>(gamma S)</span> and the microscopic contact dissipation <span>(F(mu ))</span> is connected through the state of the granular system. In the compression/decompression cycle, pressure shows hysterisis but have an opposite trend depending whether it is in the direction of compression or not.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div><div><p>A new Hamiltonian is proposed that ensures energy input cascades into each term consistent with the equation of motions of thegrains. The framework is tested in uniaxial granular compression where dissipation coefficient affects its behavior and hysteresisappears.</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":49323,"journal":{"name":"Granular Matter","volume":"28 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147829399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of particle morphology and surface roughness on the flow behaviour of cementitious blends","authors":"Chandan Kishor,&nbsp;S. S. Mallick,&nbsp;Sayan Sadhu,&nbsp;Himanshu Chawla","doi":"10.1007/s10035-026-01644-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10035-026-01644-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The current work aims to establish a basic correlation between the bulk behaviour of blend powders and their physical characteristics. Particle size distribution, particle density, loose-poured bulk density, tapped density, Hausner ratio, Carr index, and angle of repose are determined for the fundamental characteristics of the samples. Inter-particle forces of attraction in the bulk blend powder are measured by cohesion, adhesion and unconfined yield stress. In light of this, scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis and surface roughness have been employed to characterise industrial waste blends, focusing on their mineral composition and particle morphology. A total of 10 different blends of ordinary Portland cement (OPC), pond fly ash (PFA), fly ash (FA) and flue gas desulfurisation gypsum (FGDG) in different proportions have been characterized. Based on the present study, it has been revealed that, substitution of PFA with flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGDG) in blends resulted in lower surface roughness values, as both materials fall within the easy-flowing zone of flow function curves. In contrast, replacing FGDG with fly ash (FA) in blends significantly increased surface roughness due to FA’s cohesive nature. Flow function tests showed that FA-based blends exhibited higher unconfined yield strengths (up to 7.5 kPa) and internal friction angles (up to 58°), confirming their cohesive nature, while PFA-based blends displayed lower resistance to flow. OPC recorded the highest wall friction angle (~ 30°), while FA had the lowest (~ 22°). Surface roughness was evaluated via SEM and Gwyddion software. PFA-based blends exhibited low surface roughness (R_a: 0.025–0.068 μm), while FA-based blends showed significantly higher roughness (R_a: 13.66–17.44 μm), correlating with increased cohesion. These findings highlight the distinct flow behaviors of the supplementary cementitious materials, contributing to a broader understanding of the cohesion and adhesion mechanisms between particles within the blends. Furthermore, the flowability and surface roughness characteristics of both individual particles and blended powders provide valuable inputs for the design of pipelines and hoppers by accounting for internal friction in the cement manufacturing process. Additionally, the results obtained from the characterization of ternary blends offer useful insights into their potential application in the production of masonry construction products.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":49323,"journal":{"name":"Granular Matter","volume":"28 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147721037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surge instability of dry granular materials in large scale rotating drum experiments","authors":"A. Fawley,&nbsp;R. Kaitna,&nbsp;W. Andy Take","doi":"10.1007/s10035-026-01632-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10035-026-01632-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Surges are dangerous phenomena that amplify the discharge and destructive potential of gravitational mass flows. The origin of surges is linked to a wide range of possible mechanisms that fuel instability. In this paper we present new methods of image analysis to investigate the onset of instabilities in steady dry granular flows. We apply these methods to shallow flows of rounded ceramic granules and four natural sands of varying grain size in vertically rotating drum of 2.46 m diameter. Despite the constant imposed velocity boundary condition, surges were observed as sinusoidal variations in front displacement and velocity. For flows of increasing velocity, surges appear as a higher relative velocity that is independent of initial velocity. For the case investigated in detail here, surges always had 0.1 m/s higher velocity. Periodic instabilities were identifiable for all four sands, but no surges were detectible for the ceramic, indicating that idealized, lower friction and more collisional dry granular flows may be less prone to develop flow instabilities.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div><div><p>Use of a large scale rotating drum to investigate surge behaviour at the front of a granular flow for both idealized and natural materials</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":49323,"journal":{"name":"Granular Matter","volume":"28 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147721038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A device for studying elementary plasticity fluctuations in granular media","authors":"Ambroise Mathey,&nbsp;Mickaël Le Fur,&nbsp;Patrick Chasle,&nbsp;Axelle Amon,&nbsp;Jérôme Crassous","doi":"10.1007/s10035-026-01638-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10035-026-01638-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this manuscript, we describe a scientific device specifically designed for the study of the plasticity fluctuations preceding the fracture of granular media. Biaxial tests on model granular media are performed using a commercial uniaxial loading system. Strain field fluctuations are measured using a method based on the interference of coherent light scattered by the sample. We show that such a device enables discrete plasticity events to be unambiguously evidenced. Moreover, those discrete plasticity fluctuations depend only on the imposed strain, and not on the strain rate.</p>\u0000 <span>AbstractSection</span>\u0000 Graphical Abstract\u0000 <div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div>\u0000 \u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49323,"journal":{"name":"Granular Matter","volume":"28 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147721039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of shape and force attractors for brittle granular materials through numerical experiments","authors":"Yang Li,&nbsp;Divyanshu Lal,&nbsp;Giuseppe Buscarnera","doi":"10.1007/s10035-026-01637-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10035-026-01637-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Evidence indicates that crushing drives the coevolution of the size and shape of brittle particles towards states characterized by specific mechanical and topological attractors. This study explores this self-organization process through synthetic numerical experiments based on the discrete element method (DEM). Oedometric compression is imposed to synthetic assemblies consisting of particles with a wide range of initial aspect ratios, ranging from spheres to rods, blades, plates, as well as mixtures of such unit classes. The simulation results reveal that at the macroscale the spherical particles exhibit higher yield stress, more significant cushioning, and a narrower dispersed contact force distribution at the microscale, relative to non-spherical particles. Most notably, it is found that the particle shape distributions converge towards a consistent aspect ratio (<i>AR</i>) after extensive fragmentation, which is irrespective of their initial particle shape, loading history, and material composition. Using a proposed shape index, the evolution occurs faster in shape than in size, consistent with prior predictions from shape-enhanced continuum breakage mechanics (CBM). The concurrent evolution of the probability density function (PDFs) of contact forces suggests that these distributions also converge towards a state of mechanical self-organization, manifesting in the form of a microscopic “force attractor” that underpins the observed shape attractor. These findings pave the way for refining breakage mechanics theories to incorporate particle shape, offering insights into the self-organizing characteristics of fragmented granular systems.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":49323,"journal":{"name":"Granular Matter","volume":"28 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10035-026-01637-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147829998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical behavior and particle breakage evolution of vesicular volcanic soil under repeated one-dimensional compression","authors":"Di Wu,&nbsp;Changming Wang,&nbsp;Hailiang Liu,&nbsp;Mingmin Zhang,&nbsp;Zhimin Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10035-026-01641-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10035-026-01641-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Volcanic soil has been used as an alternative material in infrastructure construction, yet the friable nature of its particles poses significant engineering challenges. In this study, the repeated one-dimensional compression tests were conducted on volcanic soil with different particle groups and relative densities. The results showed that the soil stiffness, represented by the secant modulus (<i>E</i>_sec), increased to 4 ~ 7 times its initial value after three load cycles. The relative breakage index (<i>B</i>_r) ranged from 0.16 to 0.26 under the tested conditions, showing positive correlations with vertical stress, loading number, and particle size, and a negative correlation with relative density. The proposed predictive models for volumetric strain and breakage index showed that both parameters stabilized (RMSE &lt; 2%) after more than 3 loading numbers. This study provides a theoretical basis for deformation and breakage assessment of volcanic soils for engineering applications as marginal materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49323,"journal":{"name":"Granular Matter","volume":"28 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147642577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flow localization and regime transition behavior in gravity-driven granular flows in wide inclines","authors":"Pouria Hajizadeh,&nbsp;Hesam Askari","doi":"10.1007/s10035-026-01635-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10035-026-01635-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We study gravity-driven granular flows over a wide incline with a slip base using 3D Discrete Element Method (DEM). Unlike a no-slip base that typically produces a shear-dominated Bagnold velocity profile, flows in wide inclines with slip boundary create a complex flow profile for angles below the friction angle. This consists of a fluid-like shear zone that localizes near the boundary and coexists with a solid-like plug zone. We quantify the interface between these flow regimes by a shear zone height, <span>(delta )</span>. We examine different flow properties for several pile heights, <i>H</i>, mean grain diameters, <i>d</i>, and slope angles, <span>(theta )</span>. We show that by using a critical value for the microscopic non-dimensional granular temperature, <span>(Delta _c)</span>, the shear zone height, <span>(delta )</span>, can be estimated. We observe that <span>(delta approx 6d)</span> across all granular systems we studied. Interestingly, the 6<i>d</i> shear zone height obtained by our simulations is in agreement with the findings of the minimum effective orifice length, i.e. <span>(Dgtrapprox 6d)</span>, in funnel flows presented by the Beverloo law. This suggests that the same length scale and flow properties may drive the two seemingly different flow conditions. We show that the shear zone behavior is best described by a linear <span>(mu (I), phi (I))</span>-rheology while the transition region between the shear zone and the plug zone follows non-local <span>(mu (I,Delta ))</span> rheology. The rheological models can verify our DEM results, particularly by predicting the terminal velocity, which is the solid-like flow velocity. Overall, we provide insights about the dual flow regime in a wide incline with a slip base and identify rheological models that capture the flow properties and regime transition.</p>\u0000 <span>AbstractSection</span>\u0000 Graphical Abstract\u0000 <div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div>\u0000 \u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49323,"journal":{"name":"Granular Matter","volume":"28 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147606686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of confining stress and roughness on mechanical behavior of sand–steel structure interface","authors":"Zilong Zhou,&nbsp;Yiqun Su,&nbsp;Shaofeng Wang,&nbsp;Jinbiao Wu","doi":"10.1007/s10035-026-01636-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10035-026-01636-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents an experimental investigation into the macro- and micro-scale shear mechanical behavior of sand–structure interfaces. Objectives include characterizing stress–displacement and volumetric responses, identifying an optimal interface roughness within the tested range, and interpreting strain localization and kinematics failure mechanisms within shear and dilation zones. Direct shear tests were performed on sand interfaced with steel plates exhibiting varying, well-defined trapezoidal sawtooth roughness profiles (<i>R</i>_<i>n</i> ranging from 0 to 21.6) under normal stresses from 50 to 350 kPa. A modified direct shear apparatus integrated with PIV technology enabled real-time, non-contact monitoring and quantitative analysis of the sand deformation field, correlating macroscopic mechanical responses with microscale observations. Results showed that interface peak shear strength decreased in stress ratio (<i>τ</i>_<i>η</i><i>/σ</i>_<i>η</i>) with increasing normal stress, with <i>R</i>_<i>n</i> = 1.35 yielding the highest strength. Volumetric behavior transitioned from dilative to contractive–dilative modes as normal stress increased, with peak contraction near peak strength. Interface shear strength efficiency (<i>α</i>) generally decreased with increasing normal stress, indicating a transition from internal shearing within adjacent sand to predominantly interfacial sliding failure mode. PIV analysis provided quantitative kinematic evidence for the formation and evolution of shear and dilation zone. The thickness and morphology of these zones were affected by both normal stress and interface roughness; higher normal stress generally suppressed dilatancy, while specific roughness profiles modulated strain localization. Microscale kinematics observations confirmed non-uniform deformation patterns, highlighting the critical role of particle overriding and rearrangement. The findings underscore the importance of integrating macro- and meso-scale to achieve a comprehensive understanding of sand-structure interface behavior.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":49323,"journal":{"name":"Granular Matter","volume":"28 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147606687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}