American Journal of Audiology最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Level and Frequency of Forward Masker on Auditory Brainstem Response.","authors":"Durga S Kumar, Sreeraj Konadath","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJA-24-00021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_AJA-24-00021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Forward masking (FM) is characterized by the perception of a signal being reduced or wholly masked due to a preceding sound (masker) of the same or different frequencies that offers a challenge for the auditory system to resolve. Considering that the off-frequency masker is expected to undergo linear processing compared to the on-frequency masker at the signal place, it reflects the peripheral auditory systems' compressive response. Thus, the present study focused on employing FM electrophysiological analogous such as auditory brainstem responses (ABR) to the behavioral masking experiments to objectively measure the frequency and level of processing in the auditory system, from the periphery to the brainstem level.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study was an observational research on 21 female volunteers. ABR was obtained using a tone-on-tone FM paradigm for 1000- and 4000-Hz probe stimuli. An experiment used two forward maskers, on-frequency and off-frequency, with varying levels from 50 to 70 dB SPL<i>.</i></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A progressive shift for V^th peak latency and reduction in response amplitude was observed in proportion to the increase of masker level for both the probe stimuli and the masking experiments. However, ABR responses in neither masking condition were observed to differ between 60 and 70 dB SPL<i>.</i></p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FM ABR experiments are an assessment tool for estimating frequency and level processing in the auditory system, providing good efficiency, reliability, and less subject bias compared to behavioral measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":49241,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142478865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Socioeconomic Status and Basic Auditory Processing in Young Adults.","authors":"Bhamini Sharma, Akshay R Maggu","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJA-24-00147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_AJA-24-00147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The current study aimed at investigating the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and basic auditory processing in young adults with normal hearing. Specifically, we sought to determine whether SES metrics, including parental education, parental occupation, and individual education attainment, influenced performance on tasks of basic auditory processing. Secondarily, we also aimed at understanding the interactive effects of SES and working memory on basic auditory processing.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 38 young adults were included in the study. Self-reported SES measures were recorded through Likert scales, and auditory processing measures included tests for temporal fine structure (TFS) and spectrotemporal sensitivity (STS). Pearson correlation analyses were conducted to probe the relationships between SES indicators and auditory processing performance. Multiple linear regressions were conducted to understand the interactive effects of SES and working memory on auditory processing performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis revealed no significant correlation between SES measures and basic auditory processing performance across TFS and STS tasks. Furthermore, analysis investigating the interaction between SES and working memory also yielded nonsignificant results. These findings indicate that, within this specific age cohort, SES information may not be indispensable for assessing basic auditory processing.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study suggests that SES may not significantly influence basic auditory processing in young adults with normal hearing. However, further research with larger sample sizes and longitudinal designs is warranted to confirm these findings and explore potential age-related differences in the impact of SES on auditory processing across the lifespan.</p>","PeriodicalId":49241,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142478866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Sacculocollic and Vestibulomasseteric Reflex Pathways in Individuals With Migraine and Vestibular Migraine.","authors":"Adithya Sreedharan Sanitha, Sujeet Kumar Sinha","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJA-24-00107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_AJA-24-00107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The study's objective was to evaluate the functioning of sacculocollic and vestibulomasseteric reflex pathways in individuals with vestibular migraine and migraine.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Seventy-five participants aged 18-50 years were selected for the study. Participants were divided into three groups. Group 1 consisted of 25 healthy individuals, Group 2 consisted of 25 migraine individuals, and Group 3 consisted of 25 individuals with vestibular migraine. Cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) and masseter vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (mVEMP) were recorded using a 500-Hz tone burst stimulus presented at 125 dB peSPL for all participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cVEMP test results showed a delayed p13 and n23 latency for both migraine and vestibular migraine individuals when compared to healthy individuals. Also, the amplitude of the p13-n23 peak was reduced compared to healthy individuals in both migraine and vestibular migraine. Similarly, the mVEMP test results showed a delayed p11 and n21 latency for both migraine and vestibular migraine individuals. No difference was observed in the amplitude of the p11-n21 peak complex between the three groups. Spearman's rho correlation revealed no significant (<i>p</i> > .05) correlation between cervical and masseter VEMP latency and amplitude parameters between healthy, migraine, and vestibular migraine individuals.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of the study are suggestive of the pathology of the sacullocollic and vestibulomasseteric reflex pathways in individuals with migraine and vestibular migraine. Individuals with migraine and vestibular migraine should undergo a detailed vestibular evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":49241,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142478864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation-Based Approaches for Training Communication and Counseling Skills in Clinical Education in Audiology: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Amisha Kanji, Jennifer Watermeyer","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJA-24-00097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_AJA-24-00097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This review article aimed to obtain an understanding of the positive outcomes and challenges associated with the use of simulation-based approaches for teaching communication and counseling skills in clinical education in audiology as described in the literature.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A scoping review was conducted during October 2023 to identify published journal articles that described how simulation-based approaches were used for teaching or assessing communication and/or counseling skills among audiology students. Database searches yielded 208 articles initially. Following abstract screening and full-text review, 17 articles were included for analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most studies focused on using simulation-based approaches for teaching, and there was a stronger focus on pediatric audiology. Most studies involved the use of standardized patients, with data collected via quantitative approaches using rating scales and surveys. Simulation-based approaches can offer positive learning experiences and practice opportunities for students acquiring communication and counseling skills. However, the benefits of simulation over traditional methods are unclear. Students may struggle to integrate technical and communication skills in simulated learning experiences.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Engaging with simulation-based approaches may provide important practice opportunities, but these methods are not sufficient to ensure acquisition of communication and counseling skills. More qualitative studies are needed to understand the nuances of if and how students might acquire such skills via simulated learning experiences. We offer some suggestions for improvement of future studies on this topic.</p>","PeriodicalId":49241,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142478867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparison of 226- and 1000-Hz Probe Tone Tympanometry With Myringotomy Findings in Infants.","authors":"Donata Gellrich, Katharina Eder, Matthias Echternach, Moritz Gröger, Patrick Huber","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJA-24-00062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_AJA-24-00062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to verify the diagnostic value of tympanometry with 226- and 1000-Hz probe tones in infants by comparing tympanometry results with the gold standard of the middle ear state assessed by myringotomy. Furthermore, clinically useful predictors for false peaked tympanograms despite the presence of middle ear fluid should be identified.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Pre-operative 226- and 1000-Hz tympanograms were retrospectively compared with intraoperative findings of the tympanic cavity after myringotomy in 111 infants (217 ears) aged ≤ 12 months. In addition to the shape of tympanograms, demographic and clinical characteristics, the results of other audiometric measurements, and the viscosity of middle ear fluid, if present, were evaluated in several subgroups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sensitivity and specificity of 1000-Hz tympanometry for middle ear effusion (MEE) detection were 97%-98% and 71%-84%, respectively, whereas standard tympanometry with a 226-Hz probe tone achieved a poor sensitivity of 43%-61% and a specificity of 81%-97%. Younger age, low viscosity of the middle ear fluid, and female sex were associated with an increased risk of false peaked 226-Hz tympanograms despite MEE. Furthermore, larger equivalent outer ear canal volumes were linked to false peaked 226-Hz tympanograms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The comparison of myringotomy findings and 226- and 1000-Hz tympanometry confirms the superiority of high-frequency tympanometry in infants younger than 12 months. Although this study identified some vague predictors of potentially false peaked 226-Hz tympanograms, the assessment of the middle ear state by 226-Hz tympanometry remains unreliable in young infants.</p>","PeriodicalId":49241,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142478863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vestibular and Balance Considerations in Type 2 Diabetes: A Tutorial on Pertinent Areas and Issues.","authors":"Zakaria Enayati, Anthony T Cacace","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJA-24-00075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_AJA-24-00075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study is to describe the effects of diabetes mellitus (DM) on vestibular and balance system functions in humans. Because Type 2 diabetes (T2D) represents the majority of individuals affected by this condition, this subgroup is the main focus of this tutorial.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Evidence of dysfunction is based on epidemiological, anatomical, physiological, neuroimaging, and clinical findings. Preventative measures, therapeutic interventions, and other mitigating factors are also given consideration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Experimental and clinical findings support the notion that T2D damages vestibular and balance systems to the extent that these effects are more prevalent in patients with higher blood glucose levels and longer duration of the disease. Evidence indicates that T2D increases the occurrence and re-occurrence rates of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, particularly when it occurs in conjunction with hypertension, osteoarthritis, and otologic disorders like Ménière's disease. Type 2 diabetes also impairs vestibular compensation, which is exacerbated by disease duration. Investigational and clinical studies suggest that galvanic stimulation of the vestibular system can be effective in reducing blood glucose levels and improving rehabilitation outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Because DM is a chronic metabolic condition affecting cochlear, vestibular, and balance system functions, lowering blood glucose levels through diet, pharmacological interventions, and exercise can be effective in mitigating dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":49241,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142478868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benefit-Cost Analyses of Hearing Aids, Over-the-Counter Hearing Devices, and Hearing Care Services.","authors":"Anna Marie Jilla, Carole E Johnson, Jonathan D Baldwin, Nick Huntington-Klein","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJA-23-00262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_AJA-23-00262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Limited accessibility to hearing health care threatens healthy aging in place for older adults with hearing loss. A willingness-to-pay (WTP) approach was used to determine benefits and value of prescription advanced digital technology (ADT) hearing aids, over-the-counter (OTC) hearing devices, and rehabilitative services using benefit-cost analyses.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study was a cross-sectional survey with chart review of hearing aid users at two independent audiology practices. Seventy hearing aid users (response rate: 15.6%) provided their WTP for ADT prescription hearing aids, OTC hearing devices, and hearing rehabilitative services. Benefit-cost ratios and net social benefit were calculated using deterministic and exploratory approaches. Point estimates for benefit-cost ratios and net social benefit were derived using bootstrap sampling with replacement (<i>N</i> = 5,000).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median WTP for ADT prescription hearing aids and rehabilitative services were $2,000 and $250, respectively. WTP was lowest for OTC devices (<i>Mdn</i> = $0; maximum = $500). Benefit-cost ratios and net social benefit for ADT prescription hearing aids, OTC devices, and hearing rehabilitative services favored these interventions when out-of-pocket costs remained low. Benefit-cost analyses also produced results favoring prescription ADT hearing aid intervention with costs as high as $1,530 per device.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>WTP results indicated that all interventions under study have a measurable consumer-perceived benefit. Results of benefit-cost analyses favored the interventions but only when costs were lower than market prices. The benefit-cost analysis results for hearing care services underscore their value when provided as part of a comprehensive rehabilitative plan that may inform future health policy changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":49241,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142407092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence of Peripheral Vestibular Impairment Among Adults With Chronic Moderate-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.","authors":"Jessica J Feller, Melissa C Duff, Sharice Clough, Gary P Jacobson, Richard A Roberts, Daniel J Romero","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJA-24-00058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_AJA-24-00058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability among adults in the United States. There is evidence to suggest the peripheral vestibular system is vulnerable to damage in individuals with TBI. However, there are limited prospective studies that describe the type and frequency of vestibular impairment in individuals with chronic moderate-severe TBI (> 6 months postinjury).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) and video head impulse test (vHIT) were used to assess the function of otolith organ and horizontal semicircular canal (hSCC) pathways in adults with chronic moderate-severe TBI and in noninjured comparison (NC) participants. Self-report questionnaires were administered to participants with TBI to determine prevalence of vestibular symptoms and quality of life associated with those symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Chronic moderate-severe TBI was associated with a greater degree of impairment in otolith organ, rather than hSCC, pathways. About 63% of participants with TBI had abnormal VEMP responses, compared to only ~10% with abnormal vHIT responses. The NC group had significantly less abnormal VEMP responses (~7%), while none of the NC participants had abnormal vHIT responses. As many as 80% of participants with TBI reported vestibular symptoms, and up to 36% reported that these symptoms negatively affected their quality of life.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adults with TBI reported vestibular symptoms and decreased quality of life related to those symptoms and had objective evidence of peripheral vestibular impairment. Vestibular testing for adults with chronic TBI who report persistent dizziness and imbalance may serve as a guide for treatment and rehabilitation in these individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":49241,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142407093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multimodal Investigation of Listening Effort in Single-Sided Deafness.","authors":"Don Luong Nguyen, Olivier Valentin, Alexandre Lehmann, François Prévost","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJA-24-00073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_AJA-24-00073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>For patients with single-sided deafness (SSD), choosing between bone conduction devices (BCDs) and contralateral routing of signal hearing aids (CROS) is challenging due to mixed evidence on their benefits. The lack of clear guidelines complicates clinical decision making. This study explores whether realistic spatial listening measures can reveal a clinically valid benefit and if the optimal choice varies among patients. By assessing listening effort through objective and subjective measures, this research evaluates the efficacy of BCD and CROS, seeking to provide evidence-based recommendation anchored in the effectiveness of these devices in real-world scenarios.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Thirteen participants with SSD performed the Hearing-in-Noise Test while using a BCD, CROS hearing aids, and no hearing device (unaided). Subjective listening effort was assessed using the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) questionnaire after each testing block. An objective measurement of listening effort was obtained by measuring the peak pupil dilation (PPD) during the task using eye tracking glasses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant difference of either PPD or NASA-TLX scores was observed between the three device conditions (BCD, CROS, and unaided). However, a trend is noted toward reduced PPD in the BCD and CROS conditions. The lack of significance in pupillometry results does not stem from technical issues, as the study's findings confirm its effectiveness in measuring task difficulty, and validate its use for assessing listening effort.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although the results from the present study cannot significantly differentiate the hearing devices, we observe a trend that points toward reduced listening effort when using hearing devices. Future investigations should aim to optimize metrics of listening effort, perhaps making them clinically useful on an individual level.</p>","PeriodicalId":49241,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142407016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Voices From the Field: A Quality Improvement Project for Progressive Tinnitus Management 2.0.","authors":"Khaya Clark, Suheily Lovelace, John C Moring, Emily J Thielman, Kassander A Thompson, James A Henry, Tara Zaugg","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJA-23-00167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_AJA-23-00167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Tinnitus is a common health condition in the general population, with increased prevalence among military Veterans. Tinnitus is, in fact, the most prevalent military service-connected disability. There is no cure for tinnitus, but interventions are available to help patients manage their reactions to tinnitus and reduce its functional impact. Progressive tinnitus management (PTM) is a stepped-care protocol that involves coordinated audiological and behavioral health clinical services. PTM was endorsed by national Veterans Affairs (VA) audiology leadership in 2009. Given new clinical insights and research findings since the initial rollout of PTM, it remains necessary to improve and update the protocol in response to feedback from clinicians and patients.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This two-phase quality improvement project captured quantitative and qualitative feedback from VA and Department of Defense (DOD) clinicians and patients concerning PTM materials. A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was used to integrate the quantitative and qualitative data, and a consensus method was used to adjudicate any discrepant findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Phase 1, 21 VAs and DOD clinicians and patients completed semistructured interviews and quantitative measures on the PTM handbook and workbook revisions. Phase 1 findings were recommendations to modify content, format, and adaptations of content (e.g., electronic formats with a clickable index). In Phase 2, six non-Veteran patients assisted in pilot testing PTM PowerPoint slides used by clinicians for PTM skills education sessions. Phase 2 findings indicated that the revised PTM PowerPoint slides were useful and clinically acceptable.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings from this study are being used to revise and update materials in the PTM skills education sessions. More generally, the study demonstrates the necessity of end-user input to inform and implement clinical updates.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27057691.</p>","PeriodicalId":49241,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}