American Journal of Audiology最新文献

{"title":"Perspectives of Older Adults With Hearing Loss on Vibrotactile Neurofeedback Balance Training.","authors":"Jacinta I Foster, Barbra H B Timmer, Katrina L Williams, Sandra G Brauer","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJA-25-00006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2025_AJA-25-00006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Sensory augmentation or \"neurofeedback\" devices have been used in balance rehabilitation to provide additional sensory information to complement natural sensory inputs and enhance sensory reweighting. The VertiGuard RT vibrotactile neurofeedback balance training system records body sway (direction, amplitude, and acceleration) via a wearable sensor and provides feedback to the wearer in real time via vibrotactile sensory feedback. This study aimed to explore the feasibility and usability of VertiGuard RT vibrotactile neurofeedback balance training in older adults with hearing loss and describe the participants' overall perspectives of the device and training.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A mixed-methods design was used, including qualitative semistructured interviews analyzed using thematic analysis and the System Usability Scale for quantitative analysis.</p><p><strong>Study sample: </strong>A subset of participants from a larger trial of the VertiGuard RT device (<i>N</i> = 14) of older adults with mild-to-profound hearing loss was recruited.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants found the VertiGuard RT training feasible; however, usability varied, with a number of challenges, including technical issues, challenge level of the exercises, and degree of feedback.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides suggestions for improving future iterations of the VertiGuard RT system and the design of technology-enhanced balance training systems for older adults.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.29289926.</p>","PeriodicalId":49241,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144327504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Shared Patient Factors in Children Who Have Undergone Sedated Auditory Brainstem Response Evaluation.","authors":"Harold Brooks Lampkin, Sydney Mitchell, Lauren Kate Storm, Will Townsend, Christopher Spankovich","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJA-24-00257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2025_AJA-24-00257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to characterize patient characteristics of children undergoing sedated auditory brainstem response (ABR) at a tertiary-level medical center.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A retrospective chart review analyzed children, under 18 years of age, who underwent sedated ABR evaluation in an operating room at a single tertiary academic center from January 1, 2013, to January 1, 2023. The following information was collected: sex, age, family history of hearing loss, newborn hearing screen status, and presence or absence of known risk factors for childhood hearing loss (neurodegenerative disorders, syndromes, congenital cytomegalovirus infection, other congenital infections, craniofacial anomalies, Apgar score at 5 min, neonatal intensive care unit stay of > 5 days, ototoxic medication treatment, low birth weight, assisted ventilation, and history of outer or middle ear pathology). Data were collected and stored using Research Electronic Data Capture software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of children undergoing sedated hearing assessment was 23.12 months. Roughly half the children who underwent sedated testing passed newborn hearing screening, while the other half referred. Findings show statistically significant difference in age of children undergoing sedated assessment that passed (30.57 months) versus referred (16.10 months) newborn hearing screening. While majority of children who passed newborn hearing screening were found to have normal hearing with sedated evaluation, 24% had sensorineural or mixed hearing loss and 18% conductive hearing loss. Findings showed a higher proportion of children subsequently identified with conductive hearing loss had sedated assessment completed in conjunction with another procedure. Overall, nearly 60% of children undergoing sedated ABR had another procedure in conjunction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the need for continued vigilance in hearing assessments to prevent delays in diagnosis. Both children who passed and referred newborn hearing screening subsequently underwent sedated ABR testing. We recommend whenever possible, children needing sedated hearing assessment do so in conjunction with another procedure to limit the need for multiple sedation events.</p>","PeriodicalId":49241,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of Feather Squadron as a Remote Assessment of Auditory Processing in Australian Children With Listening Difficulties.","authors":"Grace Nixon, Cameron James Patrick, Lucy Shiels","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJA-25-00002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2025_AJA-25-00002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Auditory processing (AP) disorder is underdiagnosed in Australian children due to reduced access to assessments. Mobile health technology (mHealth) tools such as the AP assessment application Feather Squadron (FS) may be a way to overcome barriers of clinical assessments. This study aimed to consider the validity of FS as a remote assessment tool when compared to current Australian clinical assessments of speech recognition in noise, dichotic listening, temporal processing, and auditory short-term memory.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study employed a within-subject, comparative design. Thirty-five normal-hearing children aged between 6.8 and 13.1 years (<i>M</i> = 9.1, <i>SD =</i> 1.8) were tested on the following AP skills: dichotic listening, temporal sequencing, speech recognition in noise, and auditory short-term memory. Participants were tested using traditional clinical tests administered by a qualified audiologist and then completed an mHealth delivered counterpart via the FS application. Results of both clinical and FS tests were converted into age-related <i>z</i> scores or scaled scores for comparison.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant, positive interclass correlations were found on assessments of dichotic listening in the worse ear and temporal sequencing. However, poor agreement was noted between these assessments using Bland-Altman analysis, which found substantial bias and wide limits of agreement. A moderate significant Pearson correlation was noted when comparing performance on the clinical and FS auditory short-term memory task.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>mHealth tools like FS may be useful for identifying children at risk of AP disorder and increasing referrals for assessment. The poor limits of agreement and bias recognize that FS assessments cannot directly replace clinical tests of AP skills and that despite significant relations between tasks, clinical assessments of AP skills delivered by specialists in a controlled environment remains preferable.</p>","PeriodicalId":49241,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Consequences of Tinnitus in Military Service Members.","authors":"LaGuinn P Sherlock, Gregory M Ellis, Douglas S Brungart","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJA-25-00027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2025_AJA-25-00027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Numerous individuals in the United States are bothered enough by tinnitus that it affects normal daily activities, including sleep and concentration. There is a high prevalence of self-reported bothersome tinnitus in the U.S. military, and therefore, it is important to assess the impact of tinnitus on functional performance. The primary aim of this study was to examine the effects of tinnitus on a range of subjective, objective, auditory, and cognitive measures. A secondary aim was to determine which factors best predict whether individuals ever self-reported tinnitus. A prospective study was conducted to address the primary aim, and an exploratory machine learning approach was used to address the second.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study included 463 active duty U.S. Service members being seen for annual hearing surveillance. Participants completed several auditory and cognitive tests, along with questionnaires regarding tinnitus, depression, anxiety, and sleep difficulty.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The primary aim found no significant performance differences on tasks of selective attention, short-term memory, or speech in noise between the tinnitus groups. However, there were significant group differences in extended high-frequency hearing. A machine learning algorithm was used to predict whether an individual self-reported experiencing tinnitus. The model had approximately 80% accuracy, excellent sensitivity, and modest specificity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Study findings corroborated other evidence that extended high-frequency thresholds are poorer in those who reported ever experiencing tinnitus, regardless of tinnitus bother. Our results suggest that combining results from audiometric testing, high-frequency hearing, and subjective assessment of sleep achieved 80% accuracy in predicting tinnitus presence.</p>","PeriodicalId":49241,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Influencing Audiology Job Changes and Attrition: An Interview Study.","authors":"Diana C Emanuel","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJA-24-00209","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2025_AJA-24-00209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study examined the lived experiences of former audiologists to examine career journeys within and after audiology. The long-term goal of this research is to help academic audiologists create optimal ways to recruit future audiologists who will thrive in the profession and help the profession improve the lived experience of audiologists in the workplace, to improve retention.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A qualitative (grounded theory) approach was used. Virtual interviews were completed by 28 participants (25 former audiologists, three in the departure planning stage).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The theoretical model developed from audiologists' career stories includes Origin Story, Audiology Career Story, and Post-Audiology Story. Three main themes are described as part of the Audiology Career Story: Link Between Family & Career, Confluence of Experiences, and Self-Evolution & Pondering Change. The Confluence of Experiences subthemes were as follows: Wanting More, Bad Management, Compensation, Lack of Desirable Jobs, Burnout & Workload, Desire for Flexibility, and Sales Emphasis. This model suggests there are complex and interconnected reasons why audiologists change jobs within audiology and leave the profession. The most common post-audiology position was that of full-time, at-home caregiver (<i>n</i> = 5). For those employed in the workforce, most stayed in health care-related professions and 73% reported post-audiology compensation was equal to or greater than compensation as an audiologist.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Personal and professional factors, and connections among these factors, influence the lived experiences of former audiologists. Awareness of former audiologists' career stories provide insights that may help the profession improve recruitment and retention.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.29089475.</p>","PeriodicalId":49241,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144259249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Audiological Characteristics and Associations With Psychological Inflexibility.","authors":"Karen Muñoz, Bailey Sorensen, Aryn Kamerer, Michael P Twohig","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJA-24-00246","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2025_AJA-24-00246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study was to describe psychological inflexibility for hearing difficulty for a sample of adults seeking hearing help and explore associations with demographic and audiological characteristics.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Archival data from 226 clinical electronic medical records at one university clinic were analyzed for this retrospective exploratory study. Audiometric test findings and results from the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-Adult Hearing Loss (AAQ-AHL) were extracted for adult patients seen between June 1, 2022, and February 29, 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority had a bilateral hearing loss (64%), 10% had a unilateral hearing loss, and 26% had bilateral pure-tone averages better than 25 dB HL. The AAQ-AHL total scores ranged from 0 to 51, and 8% had a high likelihood of distress from internal struggles related to their difficulty hearing. On individual items, up to one third of the sample expressed internal challenges. The AAQ-AHL total scores were moderately correlated with word recognition in noise, weakly correlated with better ear pure-tone average and word recognition in quiet, and were not correlated with age.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current study adds to the previous research describing psychosocial challenges that can be experienced by people with hearing difficulties. Our research demonstrates that psychological inflexibility for hearing loss can be experienced by individuals of all ages and hearing status. Based on the present findings, we recommend that audiologists intentionally assess for psychosocial challenges for people seeking hearing help.</p>","PeriodicalId":49241,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"321-329"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143784627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey of Former Audiologists: Reasons for Leaving the Profession.","authors":"Michaela Machak, Diana C Emanuel, Jeremy J Donai, Rian Q Landers-Ramos","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJA-24-00215","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2025_AJA-24-00215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Audiologists play an essential role in hearing health care. It has been predicted that the supply of audiologists may fail to meet future market demand. One way to improve the number of available audiologists is to improve retention. The purpose of this study was an exploration of audiologist attrition as a first step toward creating strategies to improve retention.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A survey completed by 47 former audiologists included questions about demographics, why participants entered and exited the audiology profession, and job satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants cited lack of reward as the most common reason for leaving the profession. About a third disliked the for-profit hearing aid dispensing aspect of the profession, and a few would return to the profession for an audiology job that did not involve hearing aid dispensing. About a quarter left audiology to pursue other opportunities (e.g., selling a private practice), and about a quarter reported poor psychosocial work environment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings highlight the need for national efforts focused on (a) improving audiology awareness so students have a greater understanding of audiology as they are exploring career choices, (b) advocating for improved compensation overall and compensation models that de-emphasize sales-based financial incentives, and (c) creating strategies to help improve audiologists' work environment and opportunities for leadership roles.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28599341.</p>","PeriodicalId":49241,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"400-408"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparison of Vestibular Function in Young Adult Musicians and Nonmusician Peers.","authors":"Alexandria W Greene, Ashley G Flagge, Nic S Stanley","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJA-24-00203","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_AJA-24-00203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The majority of college-level musicians exceed the daily recommended noise dose level during instrumental practices and performances, although less than one third report wearing hearing protection while playing their instruments. Although the hazardous effects of music on the auditory system have been established, even in young adult musicians still early in their musical careers, the effects of music on the vestibular system are still unclear. The purpose of the present study was to examine vestibular/balance differences between young adult musicians and nonmusicians to determine the effects of music exposure on the vestibular system.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Young adult participants aged 18-27 years without any history of hearing loss, vestibular/balance disorder, otologic disorder, or nervous system disorder were included in this study. Participants were divided into musician (<i>n</i> = 19) and nonmusician (<i>n</i> = 18) groups. Vestibular function was assessed and compared via the cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP), ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP), video head impulse test (vHIT), and modified clinical test of sensory interaction in balance (mCTSIB).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Musicians were found to produce significantly more saccades in the left horizontal semicircular canal during vHIT assessment compared to nonmusicians. Group differences were not found in the cVEMP, oVEMP, or mCTSIB.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study shows the effects of music exposure on the vestibular system in young adult musicians who show early-onset, subclinical findings on the vHIT that could develop into abnormal results on vestibular assessments if hearing protection use is not increased.</p>","PeriodicalId":49241,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating Bimodal Fitting Solutions in Children.","authors":"Julia Reid, Robert T Dwyer, Smita Agrawal, Christine M Mitchell, Meredith Ouellette, Nancy Mellon","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJA-24-00137","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2025_AJA-24-00137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The effectiveness of a dedicated bimodal hearing aid and fitting formula was investigated in pediatric cochlear implant recipients who were experienced Desired Sensation Level (DSL) v5.0 users.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In Experiment 1, five children assessed four hearing aid fittings based on combinations of fitting formula (Adaptive Phonak Digital Bimodal [APDB], DSL v5.0, APDB fit to DSL v5.0 targets), hearing aid type (dedicated hearing aid for bimodal listeners, independent hearing aid), and/or prescriptive targets. Speech recognition scores were obtained in a sound booth in quiet and in noise. In Experiment 2, two participants from Experiment 1 were retested with an updated bimodal system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bimodal speech recognition in quiet in both experiments was similar across all fitting formulas. In Experiment 1, bimodal speech recognition in noise was similar across fitting formulas; however, both in noise and in quiet, individual differences were observed. In Experiment 2, optimized APDB improved speech recognition in noise performance compared to APDB and similar performance compared to DSL v5.0 in a small set of bimodal listeners.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Preliminary results point to the value of individualized selection of hearing aid fitting formula settings for pediatric bimodal recipients.</p>","PeriodicalId":49241,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"409-4220"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cervical and Masseter Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2.","authors":"Sujeet Kumar Sinha, Krishnapriya Moothedath Vipinan","doi":"10.1044/2024_AJA-24-00176","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_AJA-24-00176","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Diabetes affects the peripheral auditory and vestibular systems. Research suggests that both cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP) and ocular VEMP (oVEMP) are affected in individuals with diabetes. Masseter VEMP (mVEMP) is a new tool that assesses the vestibulomasseteric reflex pathways. The study aimed to characterize the cVEMP and mVEMP latency and amplitude parameters in diabetes mellitus type 2.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study included 21 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 21 age- and gender-matched participants without diabetes aged 48-68 years. mVEMP and cVEMP were recorded using 500 Hz tone burst stimuli, presented at an intensity of 125 dB peSPL for both the groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study suggests significantly prolonged P13 (<i>p</i> = .00) and P11 latencies (<i>p</i> = .00) in participants with diabetes (<i>M</i> for p11 = 15.81, <i>M</i> for p13 = 15.39) compared to participants without diabetes (<i>M</i> for p11 = 13.12, <i>M</i> for p13 = 14.19) for both cVEMP and mVEMP, respectively. No significant differences were observed in N23 (<i>p</i> = .4) and N21 latencies (<i>p</i> = .18) between the diabetes (<i>M</i> for N21 = 22.62, <i>M</i> for N23 = 22.61) and nondiabetes groups (<i>M</i> for N21 = 22.21, <i>M</i> for N23 = 22.40). Additionally, a significant reduction in cVEMP amplitude (P13-N23) was noted in the diabetes group (<i>M</i> for P13-N23 = 0.71, <i>p</i> = .00) than the nondiabetes group (<i>M</i> = 1.44), while mVEMP amplitudes (P11-N21) remained similar across groups (<i>M</i> for P11-N21 for diabetes = 0.72, (<i>M</i> for P11-N21 for nondiabetes = 0.77, <i>p</i> = .44). There were no significant correlations between the duration of diabetes and VEMP parameters, nor between cVEMP and mVEMP responses in either group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings revealed notable differences in cVEMP and mVEMP findings in diabetes individuals. These results suggest that diabetes may lead to neural and labyrinthine impairments. The degree of vestibular impairment varies and affects different reflex pathways. Even though mVEMP has a similar saccular origin as cVEMP, the results between the two do not correlate with each other.</p>","PeriodicalId":49241,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"250-260"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143505006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}