American Journal of Audiology最新文献

{"title":"The Relationship Between Speech Discrimination in Noise and Spectral Resolution, Temporal Resolution, and Melodic Contour Identification Abilities in Cochlear Implant Users.","authors":"Türkan Özlem Bayülgen, Mehmet Yaralı","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJA-24-00150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2025_AJA-24-00150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Speech-in-noise performance of cochlear implant (CI) users varies considerably, and understanding speech in a complex auditory environment remains challenging. It is still unclear which auditory skill is causing this difficulty. This study aimed to evaluate spectral resolution, temporal resolution, and melodic contour identification (MCI) skills to determine which of these skills is most closely related to speech understanding in noise and to investigate whether these three skills differ among CI users with varying performances in speech-in-noise tasks.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The three-syllable word identification test (in quiet), the Turkish Matrix Test (in quiet, at fixed +8 dB SNR, and adaptively in noise) were administered to evaluate speech perception to 24 adult CI users (18-55 years old). To evaluate auditory abilities, tests involving spectral-temporally modulated ripple, gap detection, and MCI were administered. CI recipients were separated into two groups (good and low performers) based on their adaptive matrix speech reception threshold (SRT) in noise.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The abilities of temporal and spectral resolution were correlated with speech understanding at +8 dB SNR. However, the effect of spectral resolution on understanding at +8 dB SN was not significant. The skill most associated with the Matrix SRT in noise was spectral resolution. The groups differed significantly in both the speech tests and spectral resolution skills.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Varying spectral resolution skills among CI users may affect their speech perception performance in noise. The effects of spectral and temporal resolution on speech perception in noise varied across noise conditions. Thus, there may be an increased requirement for spectral resolution in more adverse listening environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":49241,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144133105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Auditory Working Memory in Self-Perceived Hearing Difficulties Among Older Adults.","authors":"Christina M Roup, Devan Lander, Sherri L Smith","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJA-25-00024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2025_AJA-25-00024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The association between working memory and the self-perception of hearing difficulties in older adults is not well understood. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to investigate the relation between auditory working memory and self-reported hearing difficulties in older adults with varying degrees of pure-tone hearing loss.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Twenty-four older adults with varying degrees of sensorineural hearing loss participated. Self-reported hearing difficulties were assessed using the Adult Auditory Performance Scale (AAPS). Auditory working memory was measured using the Word Auditory Recognition and Recall Measure (WARRM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results revealed significant negative correlations between the WARRM recall score and the AAPS global, easy listening, noise, and complex listening scores. Pure-tone hearing was significantly correlated with self-reported hearing difficulty in easy listening environments (e.g., quiet and ideal listening) but was not for noise or complex listening. Regression analyses revealed that pure-tone hearing accounted for a significant amount of variability associated with the AAPS easy listening, whereas WARRM recall scores accounted for a significant amount of variability associated with AAPS noise and complex listening scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings suggest that cognitive factors, such as auditory working memory, contribute to the self-perception of hearing difficulty among older adults. Routine clinical measurement of self-reported hearing difficulties and auditory working memory may provide a more global assessment of the hearing challenges faced by older adults with pure-tone hearing loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":49241,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144129354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vestibular Phenotype-Genotype Correlation in a Cohort of 35 European Usher Syndrome Patients.","authors":"Ana Margarida Amorim, Ana Beatriz Ramada, Ana Cristina Lopes, Hugo Barcelos Figueiredo, João Lemos, João Carlos Ribeiro","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJA-24-00194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2025_AJA-24-00194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of the study was to investigate genotype-phenotype correlations in Usher syndrome (USH).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Thirty-five USH patients were included, categorized into three genetic-based groups: USH1 (<i>n</i> = 11), USH2 (<i>n</i> = 22), and USH4 (<i>n</i> = 2). The functional and emotional impact of dizziness and equilibrium was assessed using the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Activities-Specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale. Participants underwent pure-tone threshold testing, bithermal caloric testing, rotary chair testing (RCT), video head impulse test (vHIT), ocular (oVEMP) and cervical (cVEMP) vestibular evoked myogenic potentials, and posturography. Genotype-phenotype associations were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Total DHI could only distinguish USH1 (25.71 ± 21.04) from USH2 (50.13 ± 22.54, <i>p</i> = .024) but not between the three groups (<i>p</i> = .084). ABC and HADS could not also distinguish between the three USH subgroups (<i>p</i> = .286 and .180). Hearing loss in USH1 was significantly greater than in USH2 and USH4 (<i>p</i> < .001). USH1 showed greater caloric weakness than USH2 and USH4 (<i>p</i> < .004). RCT was not completed in USH4 but could distinguish between USH1 and USH2 (sinus 0.16 Hz, <i>p</i> = .033; sinus 0.32 Hz, <i>p</i> = .011; and sinus 0.64 Hz, <i>p</i> = .003). vHIT in USH1 demonstrated lower overall gain than in USH2 and USH4 (<i>p</i> < .001). USH1 showed higher number of absent cVEMP responses in the right and/or left ear when compared to USH2/USH4 (<i>p</i> < .001). USH1 showed a higher number of absent oVEMP responses in the right and/or left ear when compared to USH2 and USH4 (right ear, <i>p</i> < .007; left ear, <i>p</i> < .023). In posturography, no relevant differences were found between the three USH groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Contemporary hearing and vestibular assessment successfully differentiated between distinct USH groups. However, varying degrees of vestibular dysfunction were observed across all groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":49241,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144129380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-Related Differences in Comprehending Speech in Competition.","authors":"Amy Morris, Rakteesud Bamrungyat, Alexandra N Scurry, Aaron R Seitz, Frederick J Gallun, Fang Jiang","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJA-24-00253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2025_AJA-24-00253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The ability to discriminate speech with background noise decreases with age. This study examined the effect of masker type and spatial location in older and young adults.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Using Portable Automated Rapid Testing software on an iPad, participants were asked to understand target speech (always simulated at 0° azimuth) in the presence of speech or \"garbled speech\" maskers (simulated from 0°, 6°, or 45° azimuth spatial locations). Additionally, suprathreshold sensitivities to temporal (TM), spectral (SM), and spectrotemporal (STM) modulation as well as binaural temporal fine structure (TFS) were estimated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Older adults showed worse speech in competition (SiC) performance with 6° and 45°, but not 0°, masker spatial locations and benefited less from only 45° of spatial separation compared to young controls for speech masking. For garbled-speech masking, older adults showed worse performance overall, but benefited similarly from spatial separation compared to young controls. Older adults also showed worse sensitivity for binaural TFS, but comparable TM, SM, and STM sensitivity. Age as well as TM and SM sensitivities predicted SiC performance, whereas STM and binaural TFS sensitivities did not.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings expand our knowledge of how aging and suprathreshold sensitivities affect SiC comprehension.</p>","PeriodicalId":49241,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144056176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Resilience, Self-Perceived Hearing Difficulty, and Demographic Factors on Psychological Distress in Adults With Hearing Loss.","authors":"Kristel Scoresby, Kelsey Klein, Elizabeth Humphrey, Lauren Cox","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJA-24-00143","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2025_AJA-24-00143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Although hearing loss can have a substantial impact on mental health, relatively little research has focused on factors that predict mental health outcomes among adults with hearing loss. In this study, we examined the effects of self-perceived hearing difficulty and resilience on psychological distress in adults.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Adult patients with hearing loss (<i>N</i> = 118) completed several questionnaires, including a demographic questionnaire, the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit, the Brief Resilience Scale, and Kessler 6 Psychological Distress Scale. The relationships between demographic characteristics, self-perceived hearing difficulty, resilience, and psychological distress were assessed using bivariate analyses and multiple regressions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Self-perceived hearing difficulty and resilience both predict psychological distress in adults with hearing loss, while controlling for age and income.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings suggest that both audiologic and mental health interventions support positive mental health outcomes in adults with hearing loss. Improving patients' resilience may be a particularly important goal for audiologists and mental health professionals who are working with adults with hearing loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":49241,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144058511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating Bimodal Fitting Solutions in Children.","authors":"Julia Reid, Robert T Dwyer, Smita Agrawal, Christine M Mitchell, Meredith Ouellette, Nancy Mellon","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJA-24-00137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2025_AJA-24-00137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The effectiveness of a dedicated bimodal hearing aid and fitting formula was investigated in pediatric cochlear implant recipients who were experienced Desired Sensation Level (DSL) v5.0 users.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In Experiment 1, five children assessed four hearing aid fittings based on combinations of fitting formula (Adaptive Phonak Digital Bimodal [APDB], DSL v5.0, APDB fit to DSL v5.0 targets), hearing aid type (dedicated hearing aid for bimodal listeners, independent hearing aid), and/or prescriptive targets. Speech recognition scores were obtained in a sound booth in quiet and in noise. In Experiment 2, two participants from Experiment 1 were retested with an updated bimodal system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bimodal speech recognition in quiet in both experiments was similar across all fitting formulas. In Experiment 1, bimodal speech recognition in noise was similar across fitting formulas; however, both in noise and in quiet, individual differences were observed. In Experiment 2, optimized APDB improved speech recognition in noise performance compared to APDB and similar performance compared to DSL v5.0 in a small set of bimodal listeners.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Preliminary results point to the value of individualized selection of hearing aid fitting formula settings for pediatric bimodal recipients.</p>","PeriodicalId":49241,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral Tests for Central Auditory Processing Evaluation in the Investigation of Early Manifestations of Cognitive Decline and Dementias: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Taís de Azevedo Picinini, Milena Kovalski Oliveira, Kyla Munoz Galarza, Débora Lüders, Aline Xavier Ferraz, Rogério Hamerschmidt, Cristiano Miranda de Araújo, Adriana Bender Moreira de Lacerda","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJA-24-00214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2025_AJA-24-00214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This scoping review aimed to identify behavioral tests for central auditory processing (CAP) assessment that can be used to investigate early manifestations of pathological cognitive decline in adults and the older adults. Early detection of cognitive decline and dementias is a strategy for delaying the progression of these clinical conditions.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This scoping review was conducted using various online databases and gray literature sources, including the Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. Studies were included if they assessed individuals who underwent behavioral tests for CAP evaluation and had completed at least one cognitive test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,190 references were retrieved from the databases, with 151 identified as duplicates. After screening 1,039 articles by title and abstract, eight studies were selected for full-text review, and five were included in the final synthesis. The behavioral tests for CAP evaluation used to investigate preclinical manifestations of cognitive decline and dementia were: Synthetic Sentence Identification With Ipsilateral Competing Message, Staggered Spondaic Word test, Dichotic Sentence Identification, and Dichotic Digits Test. Among these, dichotic tests were identified as having the strongest association with cognitive decline, probable Alzheimer's disease, or dementia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings indicate that dichotic tests are the most frequently utilized behavioral tests for CAP evaluation and serve as valuable tools for detecting early manifestations of cognitive decline and dementias. These tests could play a significant role in the early diagnosis and management of cognitive impairments.</p>","PeriodicalId":49241,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144040495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking of Noise Tolerance Test Outcomes With the International Speech Test Signal.","authors":"Christopher Slugocki, Francis Kuk, Petri Korhonen","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJA-24-00208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2025_AJA-24-00208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to assess whether using the International Speech Test Signal (ISTS) as a nonmeaningful target signal changes listener outcomes on the Tracking of Noise Tolerance (TNT) test and their relationship to hearing loss and neuroelectrophysiological indices of central inhibition.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Single-blind mixed design conducted in 23 normal-hearing (NH) and 16 hearing-impaired (HI) older adults with moderate-to-severe degrees of sensorineural hearing loss. Participants performed a modified version of the TNT test where they were asked to react to a dynamic background noise while listening to the ISTS target stimulus. Test performance was characterized by average TNT test noise acceptance (TNT_Ave) and by the average difference between peaks and valleys in tracked noise level tracings (<i>excursion</i>). All listeners had previously performed the TNT test using English speech passages as target signals. Cortical sensory gating magnitudes were also measured from these listeners as electrophysiological indices of central inhibition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Whereas NH listeners tolerated significantly less noise when performing the TNT test with ISTS relative to English speech targets, type of target signal had no effect on TNT_Ave scores in HI listeners. Conversely, HI listeners exhibited significantly greater excursion in their tracked noise levels when tested with the ISTS compared to English passages, but target type did not affect excursion in NH listeners. Regardless of target type or hearing group, TNT excursion was strongly predicted by listeners' bilateral four-frequency pure-tone averages. As previously observed for the English TNT, sensory gating magnitudes of the N1-P2 component negatively predicted TNT excursion scores measured using the ISTS target after accounting for listener age and hearing thresholds. In addition, noise acceptance (TNT_Ave) outcomes for ISTS targets were positively predicted by cortical gating magnitudes of the P1 component.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Replacing meaningful English speech with ISTS targets affected listener performance on the TNT test differently in NH and HI listeners. Comparing TNT outcomes for nonmeaningful and meaningful speech signals may be useful for gaining insight into the acoustic and nonacoustic (e.g., central/contextual) factors that affect listeners' dynamic reactivity to changing levels of background noise.</p>","PeriodicalId":49241,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144062919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence and Risk Factors for Tinnitus Among Military Service Members in the Millennium Cohort Study.","authors":"Toni Rose T Geronimo-Hara, Jennifer N Belding, Steven G Warner, Daniel W Trone, Rudolph P Rull","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJA-24-00198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2025_AJA-24-00198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Military personnel may be repeatedly exposed to high-noise environments that may increase tinnitus risk. Previous military research on tinnitus has often utilized small samples of personnel with specific experiences and exposures (e.g., combat deployment), with few examinations leveraging longitudinal data. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and associated risk factors for new-onset tinnitus in a large prospective and representative military cohort.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study utilized data from the Millennium Cohort Study, the largest and longest running longitudinal health study of service members and veterans, to ascertain self-reported and medical diagnoses of tinnitus. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to identify factors associated with new-onset tinnitus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>New-onset tinnitus was self-reported by 10.7% (<i>n</i> = 2,527) of participants while 3.5% (<i>n =</i> 511) had a medical record tinnitus diagnosis. Tinnitus risk was associated with multiple characteristics, including active duty service, being a member of the Army or Marine Corps, combat deployment experience, combat specialist occupation, prior history of mild traumatic brain injury, panic/anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) alone, and PTSD comorbid with depression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This may be the first study to determine new-onset tinnitus utilizing both self-reported and medical record data in a large prospective cohort of service members and veterans. Additional prospective studies are needed to corroborate our findings and further describe the temporal relationships of military occupational and mental health characteristics with service-related new-onset tinnitus.</p>","PeriodicalId":49241,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144036564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personal Listening Device, Personal Headphones, and Song Choice's Influence on Preferred Listening Levels.","authors":"Monica C Amarante, Thomas R Zalewski","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJA-24-00247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2025_AJA-24-00247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a difference in preferred listening levels when altering song choice, listening device, and transducer (headphone) type, while controlling previously uncontrolled variables.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Twenty-one college students completed the repeated-measures design. Pure-tone audiometry and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) were completed pre- and postmethods to determine the presence of a temporary threshold shift (TTS). The external auditory meatus sound pressure level (EAM SPL) was measured as participants listened to the researchers' and their songs via their personal device and the researchers' computer using in-the-ear, over-the-ear, in-the-canal, and their personal transducers. Paired <i>t</i> tests were completed on pure-tone thresholds and DPOAE amplitude. A four-factor multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA; <i>p</i> = .05) investigated the presence of an EAM SPL difference between songs, transducers, and devices. A second four-factor MANOVA investigated a difference between the participants' and matched researchers' transducers by ear, song, and device.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No TTS was identified. The computer produced significantly lower EAM SPL compared to the participants' device. Over-the-ear transducers produced significantly lower EAM SPLs compared to in-the-ear, in-the-canal, and the participants' transducers. The participants' transducers produced significantly lower EAM SPLs compared to in-the-canal style.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Preferred listening levels are inconsistent across devices. Over-the-ear transducers and the computer present the lowest hearing loss risk as they produced the lowest EAM SPLs. Caution is urged with personal listening device use regarding the duration of listening time and volume levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":49241,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144036478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}