American Journal of Audiology最新文献

{"title":"The Speech Intelligibility Index: Tutorial and Applications for Children Who Are Deaf and Hard of Hearing.","authors":"Kathryn B Wiseman, Caitlin Sapp, Derek Stiles, Elizabeth A Walker, Ryan W McCreery","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJA-24-00267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2025_AJA-24-00267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Speech audibility refers to how much access a listener has to the acoustic cues that comprise spoken communication. The Speech Intelligibility Index (SII) is a measure of speech audibility that has had increasing use in pediatric audiology to quantify auditory access with and without hearing aids. This tutorial focuses on clinical applications of the SII in children who are deaf and hard of hearing (DHH).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We discuss the calculation of the SII and the current clinical tools that calculate aided and unaided SII. We describe practical uses of the SII throughout the steps of audiologic care, including at diagnosis of hearing loss, hearing technology candidacy, hearing aid verification, and long-term management of children who are DHH. Common questions about clinical applications of the SII are addressed throughout the tutorial. Finally, we present three case studies that illustrate the application of SII to clinical decision making and counseling with children and their families.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The SII has multiple applications in pediatric audiology. Speech audibility can support device candidacy and management decisions for children who are DHH.</p>","PeriodicalId":49241,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144709691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Contralateral Suppression of Otoacoustic Emission Observable in Unilateral Cochlear Implant Users With Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder?","authors":"Atılım Atılgan, Hüsna Yoktan Talay, Mustafa Yüksel, Ayça Çiprut","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJA-24-00199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2025_AJA-24-00199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to explore the presence of contralateral suppression of otoacoustic emissions (CS-OAEs) in unilateral cochlear implant (CI) users with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We enrolled three unilateral CI users with bilateral ANSD and stable otoacoustic emissions in the nonimplanted ear, exhibiting diverse postsynaptic ANSD backgrounds including cerebellar ataxia, areflexia, pes cavus, optic atrophy, sensorineural hearing loss syndrome, Optic Atrophy Plus Syndrome, and Spinocerebellar Ataxia. Measurements of transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) were conducted both with and without contralateral electrical stimulation (CES) across five frequency bands. CES was delivered via a CI using a direct audio input cable connected to a computer. In order to elicit a response, broad-band noise is applied and presented at a comfortable level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Minor amplitude reductions (between 0.2 and 0.6 dB SPL) were observed in TEOAEs with CES across different frequencies for each subject. Despite these changes, there was no prominent suppression effect observed, which emphasizes the differences in CS-OAE responses among individuals with postsynaptic ANSD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The absence of significant CS-OAE suppression suggests that direct electrical stimulation through CES may not consistently engage the efferent auditory system in patients with postsynaptic ANSD characteristics. It is essential to broaden the study population to encompass a more diverse range of ANSD presentations in order to confirm the effectiveness of CES in stimulating efferent pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":49241,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144683473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remote Cochlear Implant Services to Improve Veteran Outcomes.","authors":"Cyndi E Trueheart, Douglas M Hildrew","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJA-24-00230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2025_AJA-24-00230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Cochlear implants (CIs) are an effective strategy for managing patients with hearing loss who derive limited benefit from other treatment options. Although the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) has made a strong effort to expand access to CI technology and onboard new CI sites across the country, access to consistent CI services can still be challenging. This is especially true for Veterans who reside in more rural and remote areas. The purpose of this tutorial is to describe various models of care and provide solutions that are replicable throughout the VHA for meeting the needs of our most severely hard of hearing Veterans.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Routine availability of CI programming using telehealth options, such as clinical video telehealth (CVT) or VA video connect (VVC), significantly improve access to CI care. Other benefits of remote programming may include decreased wait times, less travel time and cost, and improved adherence to treatment plans. Additionally, aural rehabilitation for CI recipients can be performed remotely to improve outcomes. This innovative model for delivering audiology services will be described.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Remote care teleaudiology CI services available for Veterans in the VHA have the potential to improve outcomes in a cost-effective manner that is patient-centered and replicable across the enterprise. Implementing these strategies addresses the critical need to standardize telehealth practices for CI programming and rehabilitative interventions across the VHA. This program can give all Veterans access to CI care in an efficient manner, with reduced costs, result in fewer travel barriers, and allow for a more positive outcome for the VHA, its patients, and their families.</p>","PeriodicalId":49241,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144683475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Normative Performance Functions for the Modified Connected Speech Test.","authors":"Yu-Ying Sung, Arman Hassanpour, Paula Folkeard, Ingrid S Johnsrude, Jack M Scott, Vijay Parsa, Ewan A Macpherson, Susan D Scollie","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJA-24-00234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2025_AJA-24-00234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The Connected Speech Test (CST) assesses an individual's ability to understand everyday contextualized running speech amidst competing background babble. To minimize accent effects on speech perception scores and reduce the noise floor of the original recordings, an updated version was developed by Saleh et al. (2020). The updated recordings feature a speaker with a General American accent to replace the Southern U.S. accent in the original test, and modern recording equipment was used to achieve a lower noise floor. The aim of this study was to collect normative data, characterizing performance on the updated CST. Self-reported speech intelligibility and listening effort ratings were collected to examine how subjective perceptions of the task vary across test conditions.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>To evaluate normative performance on this updated test, 40 native English-speaking adults (36 females and four males) with normal hearing were recruited from The University of Western Ontario. Multitalker babble was presented at a fixed level, and speech was presented at fixed signal-to-babble ratios (SBRs) to participants in both co-located and separated loudspeaker conditions. At each SBR, participants were scored based on key words correctly identified. Subjective speech intelligibility and listening effort were evaluated using self-report scales. For each measure, data were fitted with transfer functions to characterize performance on the task.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants demonstrated significantly better performance in the separated loudspeaker condition, indicating a spatial release from masking. For both conditions, increased SBR was associated with increased performance and subjective speech intelligibility, and decreased listening effort.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study provides normative data to characterize expected performance for the updated version of the CST.</p>","PeriodicalId":49241,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144683474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Telemedicine for Audiology and ENT in Alaska: 10 Years and a Pandemic Later.","authors":"Samantha Kleindienst Robler, Philip Hofstetter, John Kokesh","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJA-24-00282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2025_AJA-24-00282","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Telemedicine can increase access to services, reduce wait time, and decrease patient travel. The COVID-19 pandemic revolutionized telemedicine with the rapid removal of barriers that have historically challenged the implementation and adoption of telemedicine. Yet, despite this evidence, telemedicine utilization is declining postpandemic, and barriers have been reinstated, such as lack of payment parity and more stringent regulation. Alaska is dependent on telemedicine services to provide care with the majority of the state's population living in remote communities. Innovation in the early 2000s resulted in a cutting-edge customized telemedicine solution that created a network of specialty care access across the Tribal Health System in Alaska and was one of the largest telemedicine programs in the world. A shift in focus away from telemedicine to electronic health records stalled innovation, and reduced investment in funding, equipment, and research. This created a lack of clarity around system integration and functionality that eroded the utilization and effectiveness of telemedicine solutions. Today, there is much we can learn from renewed research efforts in innovative applications of telemedicine that can be used to inform policymakers and drive adoption.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>If hearing health care professionals are to address the public health crisis of a lack of access to care for the majority of the one in five individuals with hearing loss today, technology solutions such as telemedicine will need to be leveraged. This will require provider training and education; implementation of integrated telemedicine services; continued generation of evidence; and advocacy for regulatory, reimbursement, and payment reform.</p>","PeriodicalId":49241,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144651013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Effectiveness of Tinnitus Activities Treatment-Online, a Self-Paced Remote Counseling Program.","authors":"Ann Perreau, Richard S Tyler, Daniel Corts","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJA-24-00277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2025_AJA-24-00277","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>For many people with bothersome tinnitus, accessing in-person intervention is difficult. We developed a remote counseling program, Tinnitus Activities Treatment-Online (TAT-Online), to provide for patients' tinnitus education and coping strategies. We aimed to test the effectiveness and acceptability of the remote counseling program in adults with tinnitus.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We included adults with chronic tinnitus who had access to a smartphone, tablet, or computer. In total, 59 adult participants completed all study procedures out of 243 adults who were initially enrolled. Participants completed weekly modules that included viewing narrated videos, practicing strategies using homework, and completing quizzes at the end of each session to assess learning. Participants completed the sessions in a self-paced manner over 6 weeks: Week 1: Questionnaires and Introduction; Week 2: Thoughts and Emotions; Week 3: Sleep; Week 4: Hearing; Week 5: Concentration; and Week 6: Relaxation Techniques and Sound Therapy. Participants completed four outcome measures before the remote counseling began in Week 1 and after the remote counseling concluded in Week 6. Statistical analysis was conducted using a doubly multivariate analysis of variance approach. Acceptability of TAT-Online was determined based on an exit survey and compliance in completing the activities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Comparing pre- to posttest scores, there was a significant improvement on all tinnitus measures and significantly lower ratings of tinnitus loudness and annoyance. There was no significant change in Meaning of Life ratings. Mean ratings of effectiveness for the TAT-Online videos were rated at 9 out of 10. The self-paced format of TAT-Online was acceptable and easy to follow and effective for patients' learning to cope with tinnitus.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Self-paced remote tinnitus counseling, which included asynchronous educational videos, reflection exercises, and helpful strategies, was effective for learning how to cope with tinnitus. In future studies, we plan to conduct a randomized control trial to further investigate the effectiveness of TAT-Online in combination with hearing or tinnitus devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":49241,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144643989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Age and Paradigm on Pediatric Sinusoidal Harmonic Acceleration Testing.","authors":"Nour El-Hidek, Jessie N Patterson, Manuel Vicente, Karen Hendrick, Kristen L Janky","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJA-25-00010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2025_AJA-25-00010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to examine the effect of age and several methodological alterations such as position (parent lap vs. car seat), calibration strategy (standard vs. default), and illuminance on sinusoidal harmonic acceleration (SHA) outcomes in children aged 6 months to 5 years.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Fifty-two healthy children, aged 6 months to 5 years, and 23 healthy adults, aged 22 to 39 years, participated. To assess the effect of light illuminance on the corneoretinal potential, adults completed SHA at 0.16 Hz immediately, 5 and 10 min after the rotary chair door was closed, and then again after 10 s of light illumination. To assess the effect of position and calibration strategy, adults completed SHA using default and standard calibration in a standard seat and in a forward seat position. In children, SHA was completed at 0.01, 0.04., and 0.16 Hz in a car seat or booster seat and in a parent's lap, if tolerated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Gain decreased with darkness adaptation and significantly increased in response to using a light wand. In the adults, gain was higher regardless of test position using default calibration and significantly lower in forward seat position using standard calibration; however, in the pediatric group, there were no significant differences in outcomes relative to age or position. Overall, children had significantly higher gain, phase, and symmetry when compared to the adults.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SHA testing is feasible using a combination of conditions without significantly affecting interpretation. Pediatric SHA test outcomes were higher compared to those of adults, supporting the need for pediatric normative data.</p>","PeriodicalId":49241,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144610149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Potential of Using the Integrated Digit-in-Noise Test as a Measure of Speech Recognition in Older Hearing Aid Users.","authors":"Shangqiguo Wang, Lena L N Wong","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJA-24-00264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2025_AJA-24-00264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to explore the integrated digit-in-noise test (iDIN) as a tool for assessing speech recognition in noise among older hearing aid (HA) users, including those who cannot be tested using conventional sentence-in-noise tests.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study involved 81 older HA users with moderate-to-severe hearing loss. Participants underwent the iDIN, along with two sentence-in-noise tests (Mandarin Hearing in Noise Test [MHINT] and Mandarin Chinese Matrix Sentence Test [CMNmatrix]) and two working memory (WM) tests (reading span test and digit span test). Correlation analysis and hierarchical multiple regression were employed to relate iDIN outcomes to conventional sentence-in-noise test results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 56 participants who completed all tests, high correlations (ranging from .66 to .73) were observed between speech recognition thresholds (SRTs) measured using sentence-in-noise tests and SRTs measured with two-, three-, four-, and five-digit sequences on the iDIN. Reading span and two-digit SRT were significant predictors for SRTs measured using the CMNmatrix test. The two-digit SRT and the difference between five-digit and two-digit SRTs accounted for 57.9% and 61.3% of the variance in MHINT and CMNmatrix SRTs, respectively. When using 0.5 as the cutoffs for the two-digit SRT, among the 81 participants, the two-digit SRT (sensitivity: 0.818; specificity: 0.895) effectively differentiated those who could successfully complete sentence-in-noise tests.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings highlight the potential of the iDIN as a simple, quick, and reliable tool for measuring speech recognition that correlates well with performance on conventional sentence-in-noise tests and for those who could not be tested using these conventional measures. While results on short digit sequences primarily reflect auditory function, longer digit sequences involve the contribution of WM function, providing additional information regarding an individual's ability to understand speech in noise.</p>","PeriodicalId":49241,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144585474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balancing Sound Decisions: Exploring Informed Consent Practices and Perspectives in Newborn Hearing Screening Programs.","authors":"Amisha Kanji, Alida Naudé, Judy Moore","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJA-24-00244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2025_AJA-24-00244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to explore the informed consent practices used by audiologists in South African newborn hearing screening (NHS) programs and to gather perspectives from professionals involved in these programs both locally and internationally.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A sequential, explanatory mixed-methods design was employed. Phase 1 comprised a survey with audiologists who were recruited via professional associations and social media platforms. Phase 2 comprised two focus group interviews with NHS program experts who provided further insights into the reported informed consent practices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although practices varied between private and public health care sectors, there was general agreement among participants on the best timing and format for delivering information, the timing of the consent process, and the consistency of consent procedures for both high-risk and well babies. However, the information provided to these two groups of babies varied. The focus group interviews highlighted subtle details of obtaining true informed consent, distinguishing it from implied consent and informed choice, emphasizing its complexity and significance for clinical practice. The importance of providing accessible, culturally sensitive information to ensure parental autonomy and informed decision making was also highlighted by the findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings highlight the critical role of informed consent in NHS. Effective informed consent in NHS programs requires timely, clear, and culturally appropriate communication. This study underscores the need for standardized practices in informed consent to enhance parental understanding and support for NHS programs in South Africa, and proposes strategies to improve informed consent processes, particularly in contexts where universal NHS is not mandated.</p>","PeriodicalId":49241,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144561727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Audiologist's Role in Determining Cochlear Function After Gunshot Injury to the Temporal Bone.","authors":"Megan Majoue, Mahsa Abedi, Annette Hurley","doi":"10.1044/2025_AJA-24-00156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2025_AJA-24-00156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>An increase in gun violence over the last few years has resulted in gunshot injuries soaring as a top public health issue in the United States. The increase in gun violence has also led to an increase in gunshot wounds on the temporal bone. The most common major complaint in conscious patients with temporal bone trauma is hearing loss.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study is to explain the need for successful management of penetrating head injuries, demonstrate the role of the audiologist in determining cochlear function after gunshot injury to the temporal bone, and discuss the importance of interdisciplinary approach involving audiologists and physicians. We hypothesized that early and accurate audiological assessment is critical for effective surgical intervention and patient outcomes.</p><p><strong>Research design: </strong>We present three unique cases of temporal bone trauma due to gunshot injuries, with quite different audiological results, in this exploratory case report.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The variability in assessment protocols used and audiological outcomes demonstrate the need for successful management of penetrating head injuries, the role of the audiologist in determining cochlear function after gunshot injury to the temporal bone, and the importance of interdisciplinary approach. Collaboration between the surgeon and audiologist, coupled with prompt and accurate audiologic results, can lead to the most successful outcome for the patient, thus improving the quality of health care.</p>","PeriodicalId":49241,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Audiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}