Biometals最新文献

{"title":"Cadmium toxicity promotes hormonal imbalance and induces the expression of genes involved in systemic resistances in barley","authors":"Fatemeh Alzahra Neyshabouri,&nbsp;Ali Akbar Ghotbi-Ravandi,&nbsp;Zeinab Shariatmadari,&nbsp;Masoud Tohidfar","doi":"10.1007/s10534-024-00597-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10534-024-00597-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cadmium (Cd) is a widely distributed pollutant that adversely affects plants’ metabolism and productivity. Phytohormones play a vital role in the acclimation of plants to metal stress. On the other hand, phytohormones trigger systemic resistances, including systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and induced systemic resistance (ISR), in plants in response to biotic interactions. The present study aimed to investigate the possible induction of SAR and ISR pathways in relation to the hormonal alteration of barley seedlings in response to Cd stress. Barley seedlings were exposed to 1.5 mg g⁻¹ Cd in the soil for three days. The nutrient content, oxidative status, phytohormones profile, and expression of genes involved in SAR and ISR pathways of barley seedlings were examined. Cd accumulation resulted in a reduction in the nutrient content of barley seedlings. The specific activity of superoxide dismutase and the hydrogen peroxide content significantly increased in response to Cd toxicity. Abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene content increased under Cd exposure. Cd treatment resulted in the upregulation of <i>NPR1</i>, <i>PR3</i>, and <i>PR13</i> genes in SAR pathways. The transcripts of <i>PAL1</i> and <i>LOX2.2</i> genes in the ISR pathway were also significantly increased in response to Cd treatment. These findings suggest that hormonal-activated systemic resistances are involved in the response of barley to Cd stress.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":491,"journal":{"name":"Biometals","volume":"37 5","pages":"1147 - 1160"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140577266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, theoretical analysis, and biological properties of a novel tridentate Schiff base palladium (II) complex","authors":"Samira Jahangiry,&nbsp;Maryam Lashanizadegan,&nbsp;Pouneh Sadat Pourhosseini,&nbsp;Mansoureh Zahedi-Tabrizi","doi":"10.1007/s10534-024-00598-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10534-024-00598-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Schiff base complexes play a crucial role in bioinorganic chemistry. A novel curcumin/phenylalanine tridentate Schiff base ligand and its palladium (II) complex were synthesized so that they were stable in aqueous buffer. The structure of the complex was investigated using a variety of methods, including DFT, NBO analysis, FMOs, and MESP. The interaction of the complex with a plasmid (pUC19) and CT-DNA was studied. The anticancer, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities of the complex were examined. The statistical analysis of the MTT assay was compared using the 1-way ANOVA and Tukey test. Results showed that the complexes were stable in aqueous buffer, pH 8. The extrinsic fluorescence emission of the plasmid and CT-DNA was quenched while interacting with the complex. The complex had an IC₅₀ of 72.47 µM against MCF-7 cells. The ANOVA and Tukey analysis of MTT data demonstrated a statistically significant difference between groups (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.0001). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the complex for <i>E. coli</i> and <i>S. aureus</i> were 300 and 200 µg/mL, with 96.3 and 95.2% biofilm growth inhibition at 250 µg/mL, respectively. The sample concentrations contributing to 50% radical inhibition in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test for curcumin, ligand, and palladium (II) complex were 33.62, 21.27, and 51.26 µM, respectively. The results suggest that the complex interaction with DNA is one of the potential mechanisms for eliminating cancer cells and bacteria in the planktonic and biofilm. On the other hand, while stability in an aqueous buffer at pH 8 increases, the modified curcumin antioxidant effect decreases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":491,"journal":{"name":"Biometals","volume":"37 5","pages":"1161 - 1176"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140577111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coordination chemistry suggests that independently observed benefits of metformin and Zn2+ against COVID-19 are not independent","authors":"Thomas D. Lockwood","doi":"10.1007/s10534-024-00590-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10534-024-00590-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Independent trials indicate that either oral Zn²⁺ or metformin can separately improve COVID-19 outcomes by approximately 40%. Coordination chemistry predicts a mechanistic relationship and therapeutic synergy. Zn²⁺ deficit is a known risk factor for both COVID-19 and non-infectious inflammation. Most dietary Zn²⁺ is not absorbed. Metformin is a naked ligand that presumably increases intestinal Zn²⁺ bioavailability and active absorption by cation transporters known to transport metformin. Intracellular Zn²⁺ provides a natural buffer of many protease reactions; the variable “set point” is determined by Zn²⁺ regulation or availability. A Zn²⁺-interactive protease network is suggested here. The two viral cysteine proteases are therapeutic targets against COVID-19. Viral and many host proteases are submaximally inhibited by exchangeable cell Zn²⁺. Inhibition of cysteine proteases can improve COVID-19 outcomes and non-infectious inflammation. Metformin reportedly enhances the natural moderating effect of Zn²⁺ on bioassayed proteome degradation. Firstly, the dissociable metformin–Zn²⁺ complex could be actively transported by intestinal cation transporters; thereby creating artificial pathways of absorption and increased body Zn²⁺ content. Secondly, metformin Zn²⁺ coordination can create a non-natural protease inhibitor independent of cell Zn²⁺ content. Moderation of peptidolytic reactions by either or both mechanisms could slow (a) viral multiplication (b) viral invasion and (c) the pathogenic host inflammatory response. These combined actions could allow development of acquired immunity to clear the infection before life-threatening inflammation. Nirmatrelvir (Paxlovid®) opposes COVID-19 by selective inhibition the viral main protease by a Zn²⁺-independent mechanism. Pending safety evaluation, predictable synergistic benefits of metformin and Zn²⁺, and perhaps metformin/Zn²⁺/Paxlovid® co-administration should be investigated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":491,"journal":{"name":"Biometals","volume":"37 4","pages":"983 - 1022"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10534-024-00590-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140577625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of arsenic exposure on blood trace element levels in rats and sex differences","authors":"Xiaoqian Ran,&nbsp;Xi Yan,&nbsp;Hongbin Zhuang,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Liang,&nbsp;Guanwei Ma,&nbsp;Xiaolu Chen,&nbsp;Yuhan Huang,&nbsp;Xukun Liu,&nbsp;Peng Luo,&nbsp;Ting Hu,&nbsp;Jun Zhang,&nbsp;Liming Shen","doi":"10.1007/s10534-024-00594-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10534-024-00594-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Arsenic (As) is a widespread environmental metalloid and human carcinogen, and its exposure is associated with a wide range of toxic effects, leading to serious health hazards. As poisoning is a complex systemic multi-organ and multi-system damage disease. In this study, a rat model of As poisoning was established to investigate the levels of trace elements in the blood of rats and sex differences in the effect of As on every trace elements in rat blood. Twenty 6-week-old SD (Sprague Dawley) rats were randomly divided into the control group and the As-exposed group. After 3 months, the contents of 19 elements including As in the blood were detected in these two groups by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). As levels in the blood of As-exposed rats were significantly higher than those in the control group, with increased levels of Rb, Sr, Cs and Ce, and decreased levels of Pd. As showed a significant positive correlation with Rb. There were significant sex differences in blood Se, Pd, Eu, Dy, Ho, and Au levels in the As-exposed group. The results showed that As exposure can lead to an increase of As content in blood and an imbalance of some elements. There were sex differences in the concentration and the correlation between elements of some elements. Elemental imbalances may affect the toxic effects of As and play a synergistic or antagonistic role in As toxicity.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div><div><p>Effects of arsenic exposure on trace elements in blood of SD rats, there were sex differences in the blood concentrations of some elements in the As-exposed group. Blood concentrations of some elements changed in the As-exposed group, while correlations were found between some elements. ↑: increased in the As-exposed group. ↓: decreased in the As-exposed group</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":491,"journal":{"name":"Biometals","volume":"37 5","pages":"1099 - 1111"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140577014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrazone-containing organotin(IV) complexes: synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial, antioxidant activity and molecular-docking studies","authors":"Bharti Taxak,&nbsp;Jai Devi,&nbsp;Binesh Kumar,&nbsp;Tanisha Arora","doi":"10.1007/s10534-024-00593-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10534-024-00593-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The diorganotin(IV) complexes (<b>5–20</b>) were synthesized in the present research from 4-fluorophenoxyacetic hydrazide and salicylaldehyde derivatives-based hydrazone ligands (1–4) to get an effective biological agent to combat microbial and oxidant deformities. Numerous spectral techniques such as (¹H, ¹³C, ¹¹⁹Sn) NMR, UV–Vis, IR, and mass spectrometry were executed to illuminate the composition of complexes. These techniques ascertained tridentate chelation of hydrazone ligands with tin metal through enolic, phenolic oxygens and imine nitrogen, revealing pentacoordinated geometry of the complexes. The single crystal XRD of complex (<b>5)</b> confirmed distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry. The TGA studies showed thermal stability up to 180 °C of the complexes, whereas the low conductance observed pointed to the non-electrolytic nature of the compounds. Furthermore, serial dilution assay was implemented to uncover the microbial inhibition efficacy (against six strains) of the compounds using ciprofloxacin and fluconazole. Among the synthesized compounds, (<b>1, 8</b>) exhibited comparable MIC value to standard. The compound <b>(8)</b> was reported as four times more potent than the fluconazole against C. albicans. Using DPPH assay, the antioxidant efficiency was examined which advocates enhanced efficacy of complexes than the ligands. The potency of complex <b>(8)</b> against C. albicans makes it a point of interest for molecular docking investigation, so, complex <b>(8)</b> and its ligand <b>(1)</b> were studied against protein of <i>C. albicans (5TZ1),</i> revealing the more efficacy of complex (binding energy-11.6 kcal/mol) than ligand<i>.</i> Further, the compounds were analysed for ADME prediction which concluded the efficacy of compounds as orally efficient pharmaceuticals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":491,"journal":{"name":"Biometals","volume":"37 5","pages":"1079 - 1098"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140313519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production of iron-enriched yeast and it’s application in the treatment of iron-deficiency anemia","authors":"Ying Chen,&nbsp;Yuanxiang Pang,&nbsp;Hongbing Wan,&nbsp;Xinyi Zhou,&nbsp;Mingli Wan,&nbsp;Shengshuo Li,&nbsp;Xuelian Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10534-024-00592-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10534-024-00592-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the most serious forms of malnutrition. Wild type strains of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> have higher tolerance to inorganic iron and higher iron conversion and accumulation capacity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of <i>S. cerevisiae</i> enriched iron as a potential organic iron supplement on mice with iron deficiency anemia. 60 male Kunming mice (KM mice, with strong adaptability and high reproduction rate, it can be widely used in pharmacology, toxicology, microbiology and other research) were randomly divided into normal control group and iron deficiency diet model group to establish IDA model. After the model was established, IDA mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal control group, IDA group, organic iron group (ferrous glycinate), inorganic iron group (ferrous sulfate) and <i>S. cerevisiae</i> enriched iron group. Mice in the experimental group were given different kinds of iron by intragastric administration once a day for 4w. The results showed that <i>S. cerevisiae</i> enriched iron had an effective recovery function, and the body weight and hematological parameters of IDA mice returned to normal levels. The activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant capacity in serum were increased. In addition, the strain no. F8, able to grow in an iron-rich environment, was more effective in alleviating IDA and improving organ indices with fewer side effects compared to ferrous glycinate and ferrous sulfate groups. This study suggests that the iron-rich strain no. F8 may play an important role in improving IDA mice and may be developed as a new iron supplement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":491,"journal":{"name":"Biometals","volume":"37 4","pages":"1023 - 1035"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11255036/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140317550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SARS-CoV2 Nsp1 is a metal-dependent DNA and RNA endonuclease","authors":"Bruno A. Salgueiro,&nbsp;Margarida Saramago,&nbsp;Mark D. Tully,&nbsp;Federico Issoglio,&nbsp;Sara T. N. Silva,&nbsp;Ana C. F. Paiva,&nbsp;Cecília M. Arraiano,&nbsp;Pedro M. Matias,&nbsp;Rute G. Matos,&nbsp;Elin Moe,&nbsp;Célia V. Romão","doi":"10.1007/s10534-024-00596-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10534-024-00596-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Over recent years, we have been living under a pandemic, caused by the rapid spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2). One of the major virulence factors of Coronaviruses is the Non-structural protein 1 (Nsp1), known to suppress the host cells protein translation machinery, allowing the virus to produce its own proteins, propagate and invade new cells. To unveil the molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV2 Nsp1, we have addressed its biochemical and biophysical properties in the presence of calcium, magnesium and manganese. Our findings indicate that the protein in solution is a monomer and binds to both manganese and calcium, with high affinity. Surprisingly, our results show that SARS-CoV2 Nsp1 alone displays metal-dependent endonucleolytic activity towards both RNA and DNA, regardless of the presence of host ribosome. These results show Nsp1 as new nuclease within the coronavirus family. Furthermore, the Nsp1 double variant R124A/K125A presents no nuclease activity for RNA, although it retains activity for DNA, suggesting distinct binding sites for DNA and RNA. Thus, we present for the first time, evidence that the activities of Nsp1 are modulated by the presence of different metals, which are proposed to play an important role during viral infection. This research contributes significantly to our understanding of the mechanisms of action of Coronaviruses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":491,"journal":{"name":"Biometals","volume":"37 5","pages":"1127 - 1146"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10534-024-00596-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140304301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insight into the role of copper-based materials against the coronaviruses MHV-3, a model for SARS-CoV-2, during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Gislaine S. Jacinto,&nbsp;Leonardo F. G. Dias,&nbsp;Junko Tsukamoto,&nbsp;Paulo N. Lisboa-Filho,&nbsp;Marina T. Souza,&nbsp;Ana Paula de Moraes,&nbsp;Clarice W. Arns","doi":"10.1007/s10534-024-00585-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10534-024-00585-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Coating high-touch surfaces with inorganic agents, such as metals, appears to be a promising long-term disinfection strategy. However, there is a lack of studies exploring the effectiveness of copper-based products against viruses. In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxicity and virucidal effectiveness of products and materials containing copper against <i>mouse hepatitis virus</i> (MHV-3), a surrogate model for SARS-CoV-2. The results demonstrate that pure CuO and Cu possess activity against the enveloped virus at very low concentrations, ranging from 0.001 to 0.1% (w/v). A greater virucidal efficacy of CuO was found for nanoparticles, which showed activity even against viruses that are more resistant to disinfection such as <i>feline calicivirus</i> (FCV). Most of the evaluated products, with concentrations of Cu or CuO between 0.003 and 15% (w/v), were effective against MHV-3. Cryomicroscopy images of an MHV-3 sample exposed to a CuO-containing surface showed extensive damage to the viral capsid, presumably due to the direct or indirect action of copper ions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":491,"journal":{"name":"Biometals","volume":"37 4","pages":"923 - 941"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140169628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the mutual crosstalk between ER stress and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in iron overload-induced liver injury in chicks","authors":"Xiang-Long Lv,&nbsp;Wen-Lei Li,&nbsp;Feng-Jiao Sun,&nbsp;Yu-Zhi An,&nbsp;Ning Sun,&nbsp;Xiao-Ping Lv,&nbsp;Xue-Li Gao","doi":"10.1007/s10534-024-00588-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10534-024-00588-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Iron is an essential element for the normal functioning of living organisms, but excessive iron deposition can lead to organ damage. This study aims to investigate the interaction between the endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling pathway and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in liver injury induced by iron overload in chicks. Rspectively, 150 one-day-old broilers were divided into three groups and supplemented with 50 (C), 500 (E1), and 1000 (E2) mg ferrous sulfate monohydrate/kg in the basal diet. Samples were taken after continuous feeding for 14 days. The results showed that iron overload could upregulate the levels of ALT and AST. Histopathological examination revealed bleeding in the central vein of the liver accompanied by inflammatory cell infiltration. Hoechst staining showed that the iron overload group showed significant bright blue fluorescence, and ultrastructural observations showed chromatin condensation as well as mitochondrial swelling and cristae disorganization in the iron overload group. RT-qPCR and Western blot results showed that iron overload upregulated the expression of Bax, Caspase-3, Caspase-9, GRP78, GRP94, P-PERK, ATF4, eIF2α, IRE1, and ATF6, while downregulating the expression of Bcl-2 and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. XBP-1 splicing experiment showed significant splicing of XBP-1 gene after iron overload. PCA and correlation analysis suggested a potential association between endoplasmic reticulum stress, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, and liver injury in chicks. In summary, iron overload can induce cell apoptosis and liver injury by affecting endoplasmic reticulum stress and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":491,"journal":{"name":"Biometals","volume":"37 4","pages":"955 - 969"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140126406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metals and metallothionein evolution in snails: a contribution to the concept of metal-specific functionality from an animal model group","authors":"Reinhard Dallinger","doi":"10.1007/s10534-024-00584-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10534-024-00584-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This is a critical review of what we know so far about the evolution of metallothioneins (MTs) in Gastropoda (snails, whelks, limpets and slugs), an important class of molluscs with over 90,000 known species. Particular attention will be paid to the evolution of snail MTs in relation to the role of some metallic trace elements (cadmium, zinc and copper) and their interaction with MTs, also compared to MTs from other animal phyla. The article also highlights the important distinction, yet close relationship, between the structural and metal-selective binding properties of gastropod MTs and their physiological functionality in the living organism. It appears that in the course of the evolution of Gastropoda, the trace metal cadmium (Cd) must have played an essential role in the development of Cd-selective MT variants. It is shown how the structures and Cd-selective binding properties in the basal gastropod clades have evolved by testing and optimizing different combinations of ancestral and novel MT domains, and how some of these domains have become established in modern and recent gastropod clades. In this context, the question of how adaptation to new habitats and lifestyles has affected the original MT traits in different gastropod lineages will also be addressed. The 3D structures and their metal binding preferences will be highlighted exemplarily in MTs of modern littorinid and helicid snails. Finally, the importance of the different metal requirements and pathways in snail tissues and cells for the shaping and functionality of the respective MT isoforms will be shown.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":491,"journal":{"name":"Biometals","volume":"37 3","pages":"671 - 696"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11101346/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139982032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}