Biometals最新文献

{"title":"Synergistic antimicrobial effect of novel heterophase Cu/CuZn/ZnO nanoparticles.","authors":"O V Bakina, A E Yafaeva, V R Chzhou, M I Lerner","doi":"10.1007/s10534-026-00802-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-026-00802-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial resistance is one of the causes of death worldwide. The gold standard of antimicrobial nanoparticles is silver, but recent studies have demonstrated its cytotoxicity. Since copper and zinc are vital trace elements for human cells, in this study, we synthesized copper/zinc nanoparticles containing beta brass, zinc oxide and copper phases by electrical explosion of two twisted wires. The nanoparticles had an average size of about 100 nm and positive zeta potential in aqueous medium. Such nanoparticles were more effective against a wide range of strains. We showed that depending on the bacterial strain, the antibacterial effect of Cu/CuZn/ZnO NPs was up to ten times higher than that of individual copper and zinc NPs. We also studied the mechanism of action of the nanoparticles and showed that the main mechanisms of synergy are positive surface charge, production of reactive oxygen species and production of copper ions. Antibacterial synergism of copper/zinc NPs can be used to solve medical problems such as the treatment of infected wounds and the elimination of infection during implant placement.</p>","PeriodicalId":491,"journal":{"name":"Biometals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147343225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proteomic and in silico characterization of stress-responsive proteins in the prawn penaeus indsicus under sublethal copper toxicity.","authors":"Sravani Mereddy, Suman Polaki, Vani Rupa Paila, Samuel David Raj Thatipaka","doi":"10.1007/s10534-026-00798-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-026-00798-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Copper contamination is a major challenge in brackishwater aquaculture, yet the molecular timeline of sublethal metal stress in penaeid prawns remains poorly understood. To address this, we applied time-resolved differential proteomics and in silico analyses to identify copper-responsive proteins in post-larval Penaeus indicus. Larvae were exposed to 0.1641 mg L^-3 copper (1/5 LC₅₀) for 24 h, 48 h, 96 h, 10 days, 20 days, and 30 days. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/TOF revealed thirteen proteins across forty-one differential spots. Physicochemical and secondary structure characteristics were predicted using ExPASy ProtParam and the Self-Optimized Prediction Method with Alignment (SOPMA). Expression dynamics indicated three temporal phases: (i) early oxidative stress regulators (24-48 h), including thioredoxin and nuclear autoantigenic sperm protein, which were small, hydrophilic (GRAVY ≈ - 0.28), and coil-rich; (ii) mid-phase proteins such as ferritin (48-96 h), with a high α-helical content (61%) and moderate instability index (37.3), supporting metal sequestration and antioxidant buffering; and (iii) late-phase proteins (20-30 days), including variant transformer-2 and ubiquitin-activating enzyme, associated with proteostasis and cellular remodeling. Together, these findings suggest a three-tier biomarker model: thioredoxin (early), ferritin (mid), and variant transformer-2 (late). This timeline-based framework may improve the precision of copper stress monitoring and supports future investigations integrating proteomic data with transcriptomic and functional validation in crustaceans.</p>","PeriodicalId":491,"journal":{"name":"Biometals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147323913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing lead toxicity induced alterations in expression of transmembrane metal transporter OsHMA9 and physio-biochemical activities of canola","authors":"Khalid Bilal,&nbsp;Nosheen Noor Elahi,&nbsp;Muhammad Imtiaz,&nbsp;Abebe Bogale,&nbsp;Esmael M. Alyami,&nbsp;Norah Hamdi,&nbsp;Tawaf Ali Shah,&nbsp;Ahmad Mohammad Salamatullah","doi":"10.1007/s10534-025-00780-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10534-025-00780-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rapid industrialization has accelerated heavy metal contamination of agricultural, posing severe risk to ecosystem, food safety, human and animal health. In the present study, we examined the physiological and biochemical responses of four canola (<i>Brassica napus</i> L.) varieties; CON-II, Super Raya, Dunkeld and Super Canola, to lead (Pb) stress (600 mg kg⁻¹ soil). Pb exposure markedly suppressed growth and morphological traits across all varieties; however, Super Raya exhibited comparatively superior performance, maintaining higher plant height, root and shoot biomass (fresh and dry), and root length. The accumulation of Pb in roots and leaves of canola plants posed a toxic effect to biochemical activities thus enhancing malondialdehyde concentration and electrolyte leakage. The disturbance in metabolism of canola plants under Pb stress resulted into depletion in chlorophyll concentration while the activities of antioxidants involving glutathione reduce (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbic acid (ASA), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant activity were significantly enhanced in order to detoxify its deleterious effects. The translocation factor indicated that Super Raya retained maximum Pb in its roots rather than to translocate in its leaves. Furthermore, b exposure significantly induced <i>OsHMA9</i> expression in all varieties, with the highest induction observed in Super Raya. The results demonstrate that although Pb stress impairs physio-biochemical functions in canola, Super Raya possesses comparatively stronger tolerance mechanisms, including restricted Pb translocation and enhanced antioxidant defense.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":491,"journal":{"name":"Biometals","volume":"39 2","pages":"745 - 755"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147289043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly cadmium and chromium tolerant rhizosphere bacteria of Albizia julibrissin Durazz on plant growth promoting.","authors":"Xinyu Wu, Mengyu Zhang, Chen Du, Mengru Sun, Houpeng Hu, Man Cai","doi":"10.1007/s10534-026-00801-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-026-00801-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using plant growth promoting rhizosphere strains combined with woody legumes is an effective strategy to remediate heavy metals co-contaminated pollution in soil. Despite recent breakthroughs in understanding how rhizosphere strains improve phytoremediation, resources for rhizosphere strain resources with high efficiency to Cadmium (Cd) and Chromium (Cr) resistance are still lacking. Albizia julibrissin Durazz is known as one of the most common leguminous plants. Here, four dominant gram-negative, aerobic strains with nitrogen-fixing ability, phosphate solubilization and indole-3-acetic acid production were isolated from the rhizosphere of A. julibrissin Durazz on Ashby N-free medium. All isolates grew in the presence of 0.1 ~ 100 mg/L Cd and Cr alone or combined stress. Strain ADJ4 exhibited the highest removal efficiency of Cd and Cr alone or combined stress (56.71% ~ 70.86%) and selected isolates for plant inoculation assay. Under Cd and Cr alone or combined stress, ADJ4 inoculation increased seed germination by 1.39% ~ 9.23%, aboveground biomass by 6.11% ~ 70.89% and underground biomass by 36.76% ~ 93.04% while enhancing superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and proline (Pro) activities by 10.98% ~ 18.90%, 14.35% ~ 19.74% and 23.05% ~ 48.14%, respectively, relative to non-inoculated controls. Our results underscore the significance of the rhizosphere strains application colonization and efficacy, and plant growth promoting for efficient remediation of Cd-Cr co-contaminated.</p>","PeriodicalId":491,"journal":{"name":"Biometals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147288768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mercury-induced excitotoxicity in autism spectrum disorder: disruption of glutamatergic homeostasis and the therapeutic role of the selenium-glutathione axis.","authors":"Afaf El-Ansary, Laila Al-Ayadhi, Ahmed Dewedar, Ramesa Shafi Bhat, Ramiz Saad, Geir Bjørklund","doi":"10.1007/s10534-026-00791-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-026-00791-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Researchers have implicated mercury (Hg) exposure in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) through multiple mechanisms, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and glutamatergic dysregulation. This review delineates the molecular and cellular pathways by which Hg exerts neurotoxic effects, emphasizing its disruption of the glutamate-glutamine-GABA cycle and the resulting excitotoxic activation of NMDA receptors. The selenium (Se)-glutathione (GSH) axis is central to these processes, which play a pivotal role in Hg detoxification and the maintenance of redox balance. Individuals with ASD frequently exhibit impairments in these systems, increasing their susceptibility to Hg-induced neurotoxicity. Nutritional strategies to restore Se and GSH levels may mitigate oxidative stress and neurobehavioral abnormalities in ASD. By integrating findings from molecular studies, animal models, and clinical research, this paper proposes a targeted therapeutic framework to address environmentally mediated biochemical vulnerabilities in ASD.</p>","PeriodicalId":491,"journal":{"name":"Biometals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147288827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New insights on the role of some biometals in mancozeb induced hematological and hepatorenal toxicity in rats and the protective effect of naringin.","authors":"Sara S Elbagwry, Eman I Hassanen, Rehab A Azouz, Marwa A Ibrahim, Rawhia Doghaim","doi":"10.1007/s10534-026-00795-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-026-00795-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prolonged exposure to mancozeb (MZ), a frequently used fungicide, may cause oxidative stress damage to several organs; however, the mechanism of toxicity remains obscure. So, the present work sought to assess the contribution of some biometals, including Mn, Zn, Ca, and Fe, to the subacute hepatic and renal injury prompted by MZ-mediated oxidative stress and to evaluate the protective impact of naringin (NAR), a citrus-derived flavonoid, against this toxicity. Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 7) as follows: (1) control, (2) NAR (20 mg/kg bwt), (3) MZ (250 mg/kg bwt), and (4) NAR + MZ. The daily oral intake of MZ for 54 days induced marked hematological alterations, elevation in some hepatorenal markers, and alteration of the redox status of both liver and kidney tissues. There were marked histopathological alterations in both liver and kidney tissues that were confirmed by the immunohistochemical staining, which demonstrated strong iNOS and Bax along with weak Bcl-2 immunoexpression. The repeated exposure to MZ significantly increased the levels of Mn and decreased the levels of Ca, Zn, and Fe in both liver and kidney tissues, which attributed to upregulation of the mRNA levels of MT-1, CYP1A1, and casp-3 genes. On the other hand, the co-administration of NAR with MZ significantly reversed these toxic effects via improving the hematological profile, restoring antioxidant enzyme activity, and mitigating both hepatorenal function and structure. The data indicated that NAR had considerable protective effects against MZ-induced hepatorenal damage, mostly through enhanced antioxidant capacity, preservation of trace element equilibrium, and modulation of oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":491,"journal":{"name":"Biometals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147281492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative toxicity of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) to freshwater and marine algae (Chlorella vulgaris, Dunaliella tertiolecta) under varying sulfate concentrations.","authors":"Ekaterina Stravinskene, Iurii Grigorev, Nadezhda Artyna","doi":"10.1007/s10534-026-00800-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-026-00800-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sulfate is known to protect microalgae from Cr(VI) toxicity in seawater. We investigated whether varying sulfate levels could lead to a change in the most toxic chromium species for freshwater and marine algae. For Cr(VI), reducing medium sulfate by 125-fold lowered the EC50 for C. vulgaris from 17.9 to 1.5 µM, and for D. tertiolecta from 413.9 to 18.3 µM. In contrast, Cr(III) toxicity appeared largely independent of sulfate: the EC50 values ranged for C. vulgaris from 5.0 to 4.0 µM, and for D. tertiolecta from 30.8 to 11.5 µM. The Cr(VI):SO₄^2- and Cr(III):SO₄^2- ratios were calculated to compare the toxicity of the chromium species to the microalgae in terms of dependence on ambient sulfate. Total growth inhibition occurred at Cr(VI):sulfate ratios greater than 1:20 for both algae, while toxicity disappeared below 1:2000 (C. vulgaris) and 1:200 (D. tertiolecta). For Cr(III), both complete and negligible inhibition was observed across a wide range of ratios (1:2000 - 1:20). These findings suggest that seawater sulfate-mediated protection may not be effective against Cr(III). In marine cultures, Cr(III) was more toxic than Cr(VI), contradicting conventional assumptions about the greater toxicity of hexavalent chromium.</p>","PeriodicalId":491,"journal":{"name":"Biometals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147269400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravelling lead-induced toxicity in mammals: the role of oxidative stress and apoptosis and their modulation by emerging therapeutic strategies.","authors":"Reena Sheoran, Sunita Grewal, Jagjeet Singh, Vinay Malik","doi":"10.1007/s10534-026-00799-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-026-00799-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rapid industrialization and technological advancements have led to extensive environmental contamination of lead, disrupting the ecological balance and posing significant risks to biodiversity and ecosystem functionality. Lead remains a critical concern due to its high toxicity, persistence, and ability to bioaccumulate, which can elicit oxidative and metabolic disruptions. Lead toxicity impairs haematological, biochemical, and structural parameters, ultimately compromising hepatic, renal, neurological, and reproductive functions. This review integrates the current understanding of the mechanistic pathways involved in lead-induced toxicity, with a specific focus on oxidative stress and apoptosis. Lead exposure disrupts redox homeostasis, characterized by an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a reduction in antioxidant defenses, notably superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione levels. Concurrently, it triggers apoptotic signalling via mitochondrial dysfunction, thereby elevating the expression of pro-apoptotic mediators (e.g., Bax, caspases) while suppressing the anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2. Furthermore, this review discusses emerging strategies for prevention and therapy, highlighting the protective effects of natural phytochemicals and antioxidant-based interventions that may alleviate cellular and tissue damage associated with lead exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":491,"journal":{"name":"Biometals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147269456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clarified açaí (Euterpe oleracea Martius) exerts protective effects against methylmercury toxicity in salivary glands and total saliva.","authors":"Vinicius Ruan Neves Dos Santos, Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt, Hadassa Helez Neves Ferreira, Daiane Claydes Baia-da-Silva, Paulo Fernando Santos Mendes, Luis Eduardo de Oliveira Teixeira, Antonio Hernandes Chaves-Neto, Bruno Santana Carneiro, Diomar Cavalcante Oliveira, Iracina Maura de Jesus, Renata Duarte de Souza-Rodrigues, Herve Rogez, Rafael Rodrigues Lima","doi":"10.1007/s10534-026-00793-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-026-00793-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Methylmercury (MeHg) contamination can cause damage to the salivary glands, which is associated with oxidative stress and glandular dysfunction. Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Martius), a fruit rich in antioxidants, emerges as a natural alternative to mitigate the toxic effects of MeHg. This study aimed to evaluate whether clarified açaí juice exerts a protective effect on the major salivary glands of rats intoxicated with MeHg. Wistar rats were allocated into four groups: control, MeHg-exposed (0.04 mg/kg/day), açaí-supplemented (0.01 L/kg/day), and MeHg-exposed with açaí supplementation. The compounds were administered by orogastric gavage for 60 days. Subsequently, total saliva was collected to determine antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation, and amylase activity, while submandibular and parotid glands were analyzed to total mercury (Hg) levels, antioxidant capacity, and lipid peroxidation. Our results showed that açaí supplementation did not reduce Hg accumulation in the salivary glands. However, MeHg exposure significantly decreased antioxidant capacity in both glands, whereas açaí supplementation mitigated this reduction, maintaining values comparable to the control group. Lipid peroxidation was elevated in the MeHg group in both glands, but this alteration was attenuated by açaí. In saliva, MeHg exposure lowered antioxidant capacity and elevated lipid peroxidation levels, both of which were attenuated by açaí supplementation. Moreover, MeHg altered salivary protein concentration and reduced amylase activity, while açaí supplementation counteracted these effects. These results demonstrate that açaí's antioxidant constituents confer protective effects against MeHg-induced oxidative damage and functional impairment in salivary glands and saliva, underscoring its potential as a natural protective agent against Hg toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":491,"journal":{"name":"Biometals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146256724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iron overload induced by ferric derisomaltose and ferric carboxymaltose both increase FGF-23 levels and lead to osteomalacia and bone loss in normal mice.","authors":"Xuan-Thanh Le-Phuoc, Vanessa Passin, Maria G Ledesma-Colunga, Heike Weidner, Imke Fiedler, Björn Busse, Ulrike Baschant, Lorenz C Hofbauer, Martina Rauner","doi":"10.1007/s10534-026-00794-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-026-00794-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) and ferric derisomaltose (FDI) are key for treating iron deficiency anemia. However, FCM has been shown to raise serum fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-23 levels, causing hypophosphatemia and alterations in bone turnover in some patients. To date, it is unknown if FCM and FDI also affect bone mineralization. This study examined FDI and FCM effects on bone mineralization and FGF-23 in healthy mice, avoiding disease confounders. Male 12-week-old C57BL/6 J mice received single or weekly FDI, FCM, or placebo injections for 4 weeks.Repeated FDI and FCM injections affected body weight, blood counts, and caused significant liver iron accumulation and high serum iron. Both reduced most bone parameters by µCT; however, FCM showed falsely high bone density due to iron clusters in the bone marrow. Histology revealed greater bone volume loss with FCM than FDI (-36% FCM, p < 0.01; vs - 24% FDI, p < 0.05), predominantly from suppressed bone formation. Both iron formulations also led to a prominent increase in osteoid and FGF-23 (intact and C-terminal), raising the i:cFGF-23 ratio. A single dose led to similar, but milder effects than repeated dosing. In summary, repeated high doses of both, FDI and FCM, in healthy mice increased the i:cFGF-23 ratio and osteoid production, while reducing bone formation and volume.</p>","PeriodicalId":491,"journal":{"name":"Biometals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146177147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}