Biometals最新文献

{"title":"Zinc speciation promotes distinct effects on dinoflagellate growth and coral trypsin-like enzyme activity.","authors":"Lúcio Lourenço de Freitas Neto, Rudã Fernandes Brandão Santos, Maria Angélica da Silva, Ranilson de Souza Bezerra, Flávia Saldanha-Corrêa, Breno Pannia Espósito","doi":"10.1007/s10534-025-00664-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-025-00664-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Zinc is an essential metal to living organisms, including corals and their symbiotic microalgae (Symbiodiniaceae). Both Zn(II) deprivation and overload are capable of leading to dysfunctional metabolism, coral bleaching, and even organism death. The present work investigated the effects of chemically defined Zn species (free Zn, ZnO nanoparticles, and the complexes Zn-histidinate and Zn-EDTA) over the growth of the dinoflagellates Symbiodinium microadriaticum, Breviolum minutum, and Effrenium voratum, and on the trypsin-like proteolytic activity of the hydrocoral Millepora alcicornis. B. minutum was the most sensitive strain to any form of added Zn. For the other strains, the complex [Zn(His)₂] better translated metal load into growth. This complex was the only tested compound that did not interfere with the trypsin-like activity of Millepora alcicornis extracts. Also, histidine was able to recover the activity of the enzyme inhibited by zinc. [Zn(His)₂] is a potential biocarrier of zinc for microalgae or coral cultivation. These findings suggest that the control of chemical speciation of an essential metal could lead to useful compounds that assist autotrophy, while not affecting heterotrophy, in the coral holobiont.</p>","PeriodicalId":491,"journal":{"name":"Biometals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142982329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel biosynthesized zinc selenite photocatalysts for enhanced degradation of oxytetracycline and Rhodamine B dye with antibacterial activity.","authors":"A Anitha, P Ponmurugan, D Arunkumar, C S Sumathi, M Sathishkumar, T Purushothaman","doi":"10.1007/s10534-024-00658-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-024-00658-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A novel biosynthesis approach was used to develop zinc selenite (ZnSeO₃) catalysts from the plant extracts of Nephrolepis cordifolia (ZnSeO₃:NC) and Ziziphus jujube (ZnSeO₃:ZJ) using hydrothermal method. This study investigates the structural, morphological, and optical properties of pure and biosynthesized ZnSeO₃ catalysts. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirms the presence of an orthorhombic phase in both catalyst types. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) reveals the incorporation of secondary metabolites in the biosynthesized ZnSeO₃ catalysts, indicating successful green synthesis. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) demonstrates the formation of needle-shaped nanorod morphology in the prepared catalysts. UV-visible spectroscopy shows a red shift in the optical band gap, with values ranging from 2.40 to 1.60 eV for the biosynthesized ZnSeO₃ catalysts, suggesting enhanced light absorption properties. Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) analysis highlights the significant influence of plant extract on the surface area of the biosynthesized catalysts. The synthesized ZnSeO₃ catalysts were analyzed for the degradation of Oxytetracycline (OTC) and Rhodamine B (RhB) dyes as well as for their antibacterial activity. Notably, ZnSeO₃:ZJ catalysts demonstrated enhanced OTC degradation (99%) within 100 min. and RhB dye degradation (99%) within 120 min. The improved kinetic energy, effect of pH, catalysis dosage concentration and scavenger performance for ZnSeO₃:ZJ catalysts against OTC and RhB dyes compared to pure and ZnSeO₃:NC photocatalysts. ZnSeO₃:ZJ exhibits improved growth of inhibition zone against bacterial pathogen B. subtilis (3.30 ± 0.00) followed by E. coli (2.73 ± 0.06). This enhanced degradation efficiency is attributed to the presence of secondary metabolites in the Ziziphus jujube plant extract. These results suggest these catalysts could effectively eliminate wastewater contaminants and innovative antibacterial medications, benefiting the pharmaceutical sector.</p>","PeriodicalId":491,"journal":{"name":"Biometals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142908838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitro Substituted Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) Schiff Base Metal complexes: design, spectral analysis, antimicrobial and in-silico molecular docking investigation","authors":"Indu Sindhu,&nbsp;Anshul Singh","doi":"10.1007/s10534-024-00655-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10534-024-00655-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Schiff base metal complexes containing the transition metal ions Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) were synthesized using their nitrate and acetate salts. An octahedral environment encircling metal complexes has been demonstrated by the findings of multiple spectroscopic approaches that were employed to demonstrate the structure of the metal complexes. The Coats–Redfern method of thermal analysis was employed to carry out the kinetic and thermodynamic calculations. The crystalline size of ligand was 36.67 nm and for the metal complexes it varies from 22.43 to 49.21 nm. To assess the biological effectiveness of these compounds, molecular docking studies were emanated. The docking binding studies were established through the interaction of metal complexes with human cancer protein, such as 3W2S (ovarian cancer) and 4ZVM (breast cancer). The results exemplified that the complexes are more efficient towards ovarian cancer (3W2S) in contrast to breast cancer (4ZVM) while among complexes, the nickel acetate (− 7.0 kcal/mol) and copper acetate (− 7.9 kcal/mol) complex were more efficient towards 4ZVM and 3W2S receptors respectively. Additionally, DNA binding studies against 1BNA receptor protein was examined from docking evaluations and the finding concludes the highest efficiency of nickel (− 8.1 kcal/mol) complexes. Further, a number of bacterial and fungal strains have been implemented in antimicrobial examinations to assess the compounds effectualness. The results untangled the extreme potential of copper nitrate (0.0051–0.0102 µmol/mL) and copper acetate (0.0051–0.0103 µmol/mL) complexes against all bacterial and fungal strains except for <i>S. aureus</i> in which nickel acetate proved out to be highly competent.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":491,"journal":{"name":"Biometals","volume":"38 1","pages":"297 - 320"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142875917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Copper induced augmentation of antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii MCC 3114.","authors":"Ravi Chauhan, Hardi Patel, Bhavna Bhardwaj, Vijay Suryawanshi, Seema Rawat","doi":"10.1007/s10534-024-00657-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-024-00657-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increasing antibiotic resistance among the common nosocomial pathogen i.e. Acinetobacter baumannii poses life threat to the health care workers as well as to the society. The dissemination of antibiotic resistance in this pathogen at an alarming rate could be not only due to the overuse of antibiotics but also due to the stress caused by exposure of bacterium to several environmental contaminants in their niches. In the present study, effect of copper stress on augmentation in the antibiotic resistance of A. baumannii MCC 3114 against three clinically used antibiotics was investigated along with the phenotypic and genotypic alterations in the cell. It induced 8, 44 and 22-fold increase in resistance against colistin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, respectively. Moreover, the biofilm formation of adapted culture was significantly enhanced due to a dense EPS around the cell (as revealed by SEM images). The structural changes in EPS were demonstrated by FTIR spectroscopy. The adequate growth of adapted MCC 3114 despite increased level of ROS indicates its persistence in copper and ROS stress. The physiological alterations in cell viz., increased efflux pump activity and decreased membrane permeability was observed. Molecular analysis revealed increased expression of efflux pump related genes, oxidative stress genes, integron and antibiotic resistance genes. In sum, our study revealed that the exposure of the critical pathogen, A. baunmannii to copper in hospital settings and environmental reservoirs can impose adaptive pressure which may lead to genotypic as well phenotypic changes in cell resulting into the augmentation of antibiotic resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":491,"journal":{"name":"Biometals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142871022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chromium-histidine complex enhances reproductive physiology and development in Drosophila melanogaster by modulating oxidative stress","authors":"Shivsharan B. Dhadde,&nbsp;Mallinath S. Kalshetti","doi":"10.1007/s10534-024-00656-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10534-024-00656-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The interaction of metal ions with biological systems plays a critical role in cellular functions, including oxidative stress regulation and metabolic health. This study aimed to explore the effects of the chromium-histidine complex [Cr(hist)₃] on reproductive success, developmental processes, and oxidative stress defence in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>. Wild-type <i>D. melanogaster</i> flies were exposed to Cr(hist)₃ at concentrations of 5, 10, 15, and 20 µg/ml, and physiological parameters—including fecundity, fertility, developmental timelines, and antioxidant enzyme activity—were measured. Our results indicate that Cr(hist)₃ at 15 µg/ml optimally enhanced reproductive health and developmental efficiency. Specifically, fecundity and fertility increased by 15.6% and 15.5%, respectively, and egg-to-adult viability improved by 15.6% compared to controls. Developmental timelines were shortened, with larval and pupal periods reduced by 7.6% and 7.1%. Additionally, Cr(hist)₃ treatment led to a significant downregulation of lipid peroxidation (MDA) by 17.54% and upregulation in antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, and superoxide dismutase), indicating improved cellular defence against oxidative damage. Flies treated with 15 µg/ml Cr(hist)₃₃ also exhibited a 9.7% increase in lifespan. These findings suggest that Cr(hist)₃ enhances reproductive success and developmental dynamics through oxidative stress regulation, highlighting its potential for applications in insect health and stress management. This study contributes to the understanding of metal ion interactions in biological systems and their physiological effects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":491,"journal":{"name":"Biometals","volume":"38 1","pages":"321 - 335"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142826831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluorescent superparamagnetic magnetite-silica nanocomposites as carriers of a platinum diimine complex for photodynamic therapy","authors":"Yuxin Lu,&nbsp;Xuemei Guo,&nbsp;Xin Wang,&nbsp;Xu Zhang,&nbsp;Hongfei Wang,&nbsp;Zhigang Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10534-024-00654-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10534-024-00654-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Novel fluorescent superparamagnetic nanocomposites have been fabricated by introduction of the coumarin group on the surface of amine-functionalized magnetite-silica nanocomposites, and characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, fluorescence spectra, dynamic light scattering and vibrating sample magnetometer techniques. The nanocomposites were employed as delivery vehicles of a photoactive platinum diimine complex. The cellular uptake and photocytotoxicity of the photosensitizer-loaded nanocomposites in HeLa cells (human cervical cancer line) or HL-7702 cells (human liver cell line) have been studied by fluorescence spectra and cell viability assay, respectively. The results suggest that the nanocomposites can be used to monitor the cellular uptake of the photosensitizer, and can significantly enhance the photocytotoxicity of the photosensitizer towards cancer cells when employed as carriers of the photosensitizer. Also, the photosensitizer-loaded nanocomposites are almost nontoxic to human normal cells either in the dark or after irradiation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":491,"journal":{"name":"Biometals","volume":"38 1","pages":"285 - 295"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142765379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of plasma essential element concentrations to explore markers of acute myocardial infarction","authors":"Junko Fujihara,&nbsp;Naoki Nishimoto,&nbsp;Yoshikazu Takinami","doi":"10.1007/s10534-024-00653-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10534-024-00653-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Essential element concentrations in biological samples may be related to the pathogenesis of various diseases. Previous studies have reported that serum iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) were related to acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, the differences in element concentrations between AMI and other cardiac disease has not been investigated. In this study, differences in plasma Fe, magnesium (Mg), Zn, Cu, calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphorus (P), and cardiac troponin T (TnT) levels in heart disease patients (AMI, angina, heart failure, and chest pain) were investigated to explore potential markers of AMI. Fe, Mg, Zn, and Cu concentrations were assayed by using a Metallo Assay kit; Ca and inorganic P were determined by using an automatic biochemical analyzer; and cardiac TnT levels were assayed by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plasma TnT levels were higher in AMI than in other heart diseases and were negatively correlated with Cu and Ca. Fe, Cu, and inorganic P levels were within the normal range, while Mg and Ca levels were lower, and Zn levels were higher than the normal range in heart disease patients. Except Mg, no significant differences in element levels were observed among heart diseases: Mg levels were significantly higher in AMI than in heart failure. These results suggest that lower Cu and Ca levels and a higher Mg level compared with other heart diseases may be a marker of AMI.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":491,"journal":{"name":"Biometals","volume":"38 1","pages":"275 - 284"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142765383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, characterization, and bioactivity of Cu(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), and Mn(II) complexes with benzilmonoximethiocarbohydrazide-O-methoxybenzaldehyde: experimental and computational insights","authors":"Shravan Kumar Singh,&nbsp;Abhay Bagul,&nbsp;Aisha Tufail,&nbsp;Perwez Alam,&nbsp;Santosh Waman Kulkarni,&nbsp;Sheetal Sharma,&nbsp;Amit Dubey","doi":"10.1007/s10534-024-00652-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10534-024-00652-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, a novel ligand, benzilmonoximethiocarbohydrazide-<i>O</i>-methoxybenzaldehyde (HBMToMB), was synthesized and subsequently complexed with Cu(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), and Mn(II) ions. The metal complexes were comprehensively characterized using techniques such as NMR, IR, Mass Spectrometry, UV–Vis, elemental analysis (CHNS), and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The complexes exhibited superior antibacterial and antifungal activity compared to the free ligand. In addition, cytotoxicity was evaluated using the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, demonstrating significant activity. Computational studies, including molecular docking, DFT, and ADMET analysis, provided further insights into the compounds' binding affinities and electronic properties. These findings underscore the potential of these metal complexes as promising candidates for therapeutic applications, particularly in antimicrobial and anticancer therapies.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":491,"journal":{"name":"Biometals","volume":"38 1","pages":"245 - 274"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142749707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Agaricus blazei Murill polysaccharides on synthesis, stabilization, acute toxicity and antifungal activity of copper (II) oxide nanoparticles","authors":"Álamo Lourenço de Souza,&nbsp;Matheus da Silva Campelo,&nbsp;Gabriel de Sousa Mesquita,&nbsp;Augusto Feynman Dias Nobre,&nbsp;Vitória Maria de Freitas Franco,&nbsp;Antônio César Honorato Barreto,&nbsp;Jeanlex Soares de Sousa,&nbsp;José Eduardo Ribeiro Honório Júnior,&nbsp;Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante,&nbsp;Nágila Maria Pontes Silva Ricardo,&nbsp;Sandra de Aguiar Soares,&nbsp;Maria Elenir Nobre Pinho Ribeiro","doi":"10.1007/s10534-024-00650-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10534-024-00650-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In general, nanomaterials tend to have better physical, chemical and biological properties than conventional materials. Furthermore, the polysaccharides from <i>Agaricus blazei</i> Murill mushroom have several pharmacological properties, in addition to low cytotoxicity and high biocompatibility. This work sought to merge the properties of CuO nanoparticles and <i>Agaricus blazei</i> Murill polysaccharides through syntheses and coatings with the aim of evaluating their toxicity in adult zebrafish and antifungal activity against <i>C. albicans</i> and <i>C. parapsilosis</i>. The nanoparticles were synthesized using the coprecipitation method and subsequently characterized in terms of their physicochemical properties using spectroscopic and thermoanalytical techniques. Furthermore, their composition was determined by X-Ray Diffraction and their morphology was studied using different microscopic techniques. CuO nanoparticles coated with <i>Agaricus blazei</i> Murill polysaccharides showed smaller particle size. Dispersions of nanoparticles coated with the polysaccharides were found to be more stable than their uncoated counterparts. The nanoparticles also showed antifungal activity against <i>Candida</i> sp. strains, with MIC₅₀ values between 64 and 512 µg mL^–1. It was observed that coating the materials with polysaccharides preserved their antifungal properties and reduced acute toxicity against adult zebrafish. Therefore, it is estimated that the CuO nanoparticles coated with <i>Agaricus blazei</i> Murill polysaccharides are innovative nanomaterials with potential for future clinical applications, especially in the topical treatment of candidiasis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":491,"journal":{"name":"Biometals","volume":"38 1","pages":"231 - 244"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142685718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Berberine-loaded iron oxide nanoparticles alleviate cuprizone-induced astrocytic reactivity in a rat model of multiple sclerosis","authors":"Ghadha Ibrahim Fouad,&nbsp;Mostafa Mabrouk,&nbsp;Sara A. M. El-Sayed,&nbsp;Mohamed F. Abdelhameed,&nbsp;Maha Z. Rizk,&nbsp;Hanan H. Beherei","doi":"10.1007/s10534-024-00648-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10534-024-00648-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Berberine (BBN) is a naturally occurring alkaloid as a secondary metabolite in many plants and exhibits several benefits including neuroprotective activities. However, data on the neuromodulating potential of nanoformulated BBN are still lacking. In the present study, BBN loaded within iron oxide nanoparticles (BBN-IONP) were prepared and characterized by transmission electron microscopy FTIR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy particle-size distribution, zeta potential, and HPLC. The remyelinating neuroprotective potential of BBN-IONP relative to free BBN was evaluated against cuprizone (CPZ)-induced neurotoxicity (rats administered 0.2% CPZ powder (w/w) for five weeks). CPZ rats were treated with either free BBN or IONP-BBN (50 mg/kg/day, orally) for 14 days. Cognitive function was estimated using Y-maze. Biochemically, total antioxidant capacity lipid peroxides and reduced glutathione in the brain tissue, as well as, serum interferon-gamma levels were estimated. Moreover, the genetic expression contents of myelin basic protein Matrix metallopeptidase-9 Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and S100β were measured. The histopathological patterns and immunohistochemical assessment of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein in both cerebral cortex and hippocampus CA1 regions were investigated. CPZ-rats treated with either free BBN or IONP-BBN demonstrated memory restoring, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-astrocytic, and remyelinating activities. Comparing free BBN with IONP-BBN revealed that the latter altered the neuromodulating activities of BBN, showing superior neuroprotective activities of IONP-BBN relative to BBN. In conclusion, both forms of BBN possess neuroprotective potential. However, the use of IONPs for brain delivery and the safety of these nano-based forms need further investigation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":491,"journal":{"name":"Biometals","volume":"38 1","pages":"203 - 229"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10534-024-00648-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142611866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}