PLoS Biology最新文献

{"title":"Sea urchin eggs contain a plastid-derived structure that contributes to their development.","authors":"Tyler J Carrier, Andrés Rufino-Navarro, Thorben Knoop, Urska Repnik, Andrés Mauricio Caraballo-Rodríguez, David M Needham, Corinna Bang, Sören Franzenburg, Marc Bramkamp, Willi Rath, Arne Biastoch, José Carlos Hernández, Ute Hentschel","doi":"10.1371/journal.pbio.3003705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3003705","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Development in the sea has long been thought to be a nutritional gamble that disproportionately ends in starvation. Here, we support the premise that components of plastids appear to be incorporated into sea urchin eggs and that these, in turn, benefit development. We find chromoplast-derived carotenoid crystals and chromoplast-specific metabolites inside the eggs of the sea urchin Arbacia lixula. We find evidence of plastid DNA in the eggs of 11 other sea urchins, with diatoms being the primary source and taxonomic richness of these plastid taxa directly related to egg size. The light-dependent activity of these chromoplast components influences phytohormone and lipid metabolism as well as offspring development, morphological plasticity, and survival. Offspring that benefit from these chromoplast components are predicted to disperse further, over larger geographic areas, and use a wider range of currents, including those that cross ocean basins. Data presented here challenge the long-held belief that components of non-metazoan organelles are unable to enter the germline and be passed between generations. We hypothesize that sea urchins manipulate plastids solely for their self-interest with the result of this process being a novel and adaptive form of maternal provisioning.</p>","PeriodicalId":49001,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Biology","volume":"24 4","pages":"e3003705"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13105349/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147786749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of Concern: Shellfish dredging pushes a flexible avian top predator out of a marine protected area.","authors":"","doi":"10.1371/journal.pbio.3003770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3003770","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49001,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Biology","volume":"24 4","pages":"e3003770"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13102195/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147786722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CiliaKB: A comprehensive knowledge base for cilia-associated genes.","authors":"Chun-Jie Liu, Chao Zhang, Wei Feng, Gaoxiang Huang, Xiaopeng Zou, Wenlu Wei, Donghui Zhang","doi":"10.1371/journal.pbio.3003774","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pbio.3003774","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cilia dysfunction is implicated in a range of disorders. Here, we present CiliaKB, a manually curated knowledge base that serves as a one-stop platform for researchers to rapidly access mechanistic data and mine for translational clues about cilia.</p>","PeriodicalId":49001,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Biology","volume":"24 4","pages":"e3003774"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13128121/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147786494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure of the human P2X3 receptor reveals the basis for subtype-selective inhibition by sivopixant.","authors":"Zhixuan Zhao, Dong-Ping Wang, Xin Zhang, Yuan Gao, Hexin Xu, Xinyu Teng, Cheng Shen, Jirui Chen, Jinru Zhang, Chang-Run Guo, Motoyuki Hattori","doi":"10.1371/journal.pbio.3003777","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pbio.3003777","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>P2X receptors are ATP-gated cation channels, and the P2X3 subtype plays crucial roles in peripheral sensory neurons, including in chronic pain and chronic cough. Accordingly, P2X3 receptors have attracted substantial interest as a therapeutic target. Gefapixant, a negative allosteric modulator (NAM) of P2X3 receptors, has been approved in some countries for the treatment of chronic cough; however, its limited selectivity for P2X3 homomers over P2X2/P2X3 heteromers is associated with taste disturbance as a prominent adverse effect. These limitations have motivated the development of next-generation NAMs with improved subtype selectivity, but their subtype-specific allosteric inhibition mechanisms are unclear. Here, we report the cryo-EM structure of the human P2X3 receptor in complex with ATP and the P2X3-selective next-generation NAM sivopixant, an investigational drug. Sivopixant binds to an allosteric site at the portal of the central pocket in the extracellular domain, and structure-based mutational analysis by electrophysiology identifies key residues required for sivopixant-dependent inhibition of human P2X3 receptors. Structural comparisons across P2X subtypes, together with patch-clamp analyses of gain-of-function mutants that confer sensitivity to two investigational drugs, sivopixant and camlipixant, provided a broadly applicable structural framework for subtype selectivity. Furthermore, structural comparisons with apo and ATP-bound open states of P2X3 receptors, together with molecular dynamics simulations, revealed that sivopixant expands the upper-body domain to suppress the lower-body movements required for channel activation, thereby preventing channel opening even in the presence of ATP.</p>","PeriodicalId":49001,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Biology","volume":"24 4","pages":"e3003777"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13132459/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147786704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic and functional adaptations in the guanylate-binding protein GBP5 highlight specificities of bat antiviral innate immunity.","authors":"Amandine Le Corf, Sarah Maesen, Amandine Chantharath, Clara Loyer, Juan Manuel Vazquez, M Elise Lauterbur, Veronika Krchlikova, Lucas Sareoua, Genavieve Gray-Sandoval, Andrea Cimarelli, Carine Rey, Peter H Sudmant, David Enard, Lucie Etienne","doi":"10.1371/journal.pbio.3003760","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pbio.3003760","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bats are asymptomatic reservoirs of several zoonotic viruses. This may result from long-term co-evolution between viruses and bats, that have led to host adaptations contributing to an effective balance between strong antiviral responses with innate immune tolerance. To better understand these virus-host interactions, we combined comparative transcriptomics, phylogenomics and functional assays to characterize the evolution of bat innate immune antiviral factors. First, we stimulated the type I interferon immune pathway in Myotis yumanensis primary cells and identified guanylate-binding protein 5 (GBP5) as the most differentially expressed interferon-stimulated gene (ISG). Phylogenomic analyses showed that bat GBP5 has been under strong episodic positive selection, with numerous rapidly evolving sites and species-specific gene duplications, suggesting past evolutionary arms races. Functional tests on GBP5 orthologs from 10 bat species covering the >60 million years of Chiroptera evolution revealed species- and virus-specific restrictions against RNA viruses (retrovirus HIV, and rhabdoviruses European bat lyssavirus and VSV), which are typical signatures of adaptations to past viral epidemics. Interestingly, we also observed a lineage-specific loss of the GBP5 prenylation motif in the common ancestor of Pipistrellus and Eptesicus bats. Importantly, resurrection of the prenylation motif in Eptesicus fuscus GBP5 in corresponding bat cells was associated with different GBP5 subcellular localization and loss of anti-rhabdoviral functions, suggesting specific adaptation to ancient viral epidemics ~22 million years ago. Altogether, our results highlight adaptations that contribute to bat specific immunity and provide insights into the functional evolution of antiviral effector GBP5.</p>","PeriodicalId":49001,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Biology","volume":"24 4","pages":"e3003760"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13128109/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147786670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The selfish ribosome.","authors":"Mart Krupovic, Eugene V Koonin","doi":"10.1371/journal.pbio.3003780","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pbio.3003780","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ribosome is responsible for protein synthesis in all cells, and is the cell's largest energy consumer. We propose that the ribosome originated as a mutualistic symbiont of an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase ribozyme, supplying peptides that enhanced replication. As life transitioned from the RNA to the RNA-protein world, autonomous replicators became irreversibly addicted to the ribosome for producing replication proteins. Subsequent evolution is construed as a ribosomal takeover, whereby the ribosome evolved to consume most of the cell's resources, while other cellular componentry ensured the propagation of the ribosome, while being fully dependent on it. Under this perspective, the ribosome is a complex symbiont of the cell with pronounced selfish properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":49001,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Biology","volume":"24 4","pages":"e3003780"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13120700/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147786713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"We need to correct the wide-spread omission of equal contribution in article indexing.","authors":"Wenying Shou","doi":"10.1371/journal.pbio.3003746","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pbio.3003746","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As team science grows, so do 'equal contribution' designations, yet this information is routinely hidden or lost, creating inequity in recognition and crediting. We must fix this problem, now.</p>","PeriodicalId":49001,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Biology","volume":"24 4","pages":"e3003746"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13095005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147730545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural population dynamics and temporal context cells in macaque medial parietal cortex support temporal order memory.","authors":"Shuzhen Zuo, Chenyu Wang, Lei Wang, Zhiyong Jin, Xufeng Zhou, Ning Su, Jianhua Liu, Thomas J McHugh, Makoto Kusunoki, Sze Chai Kwok","doi":"10.1371/journal.pbio.3003759","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pbio.3003759","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Episodic memory involves encoding and remembering the order of events experienced over time. Previous work examining the mechanisms of temporal order memories has focused primarily on the hippocampus and prefrontal cortices, with comparatively less attention paid to population-level memory signals in the medial posterior parietal cortex (mPPC). Combining in vivo multi-unit electrophysiology and a temporal order judgment task with naturalistic cinematic material in macaques, we show that population activity in mPPC exhibits temporally structured dynamics during both encoding and retrieval. During encoding, mPPC neuronal ensembles exhibit gradually evolving activity patterns consistent with temporal context representations embedded in the unfolding video episodes, whereas during retrieval these neurons engage in coordinated, synchronous activity preceding memory-guided decisions. Moreover, trial-by-trial similarity between population activity patterns during encoding and retrieval predicts temporal order judgment performance. A separate control experiment further ruled out eye saccades, fixation patterns, and scan paths as confounding factors contributing to the observed neural dynamics. Together, these findings suggest that mPPC contributes to temporal order memory through population-level representations that integrate temporally extended experience with retrieval-related decision processes, rather than through simple sensory-driven or motor-related responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":49001,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Biology","volume":"24 4","pages":"e3003759"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13108878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147718658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New transcription signals in SARS-CoV-2 reshape virus-host interactions.","authors":"Isabel Sola, Sonia Zuñiga","doi":"10.1371/journal.pbio.3003744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3003744","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-spike changes driving SARS-CoV-2 fitness remain undercharacterized. Two PLOS Biology papers show that evolutionary N gene changes create a transcription-regulating sequence producing a truncated N protein that enhances fitness by blocking antiviral responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":49001,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Biology","volume":"24 4","pages":"e3003744"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13089745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147718630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Somatosensory input drives membrane potential dynamics in motor cortex during voluntary limb movement.","authors":"Birgit C Voigt, Florian Rau, Luc Estebanez, James F A Poulet","doi":"10.1371/journal.pbio.3003749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3003749","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>How the motor cortex controls movement remains a fundamental question in neuroscience. Although somatosensory input is thought to influence motor cortex activity and the execution of voluntary movements, its role in driving motor cortex activity during voluntary behavior remains unclear. To address this, we performed whole-cell recordings from motor cortex neurons in mice during self-initiated, voluntary forelimb movements, either with intact somatosensory input or transection of the sensory nerves innervating the forelimb. In the absence of somatosensation, mice were still able to perform forelimb movements, including reaches, but these movements were significantly slower and more prolonged. Membrane potential recordings showed that cortical state changes were centrally generated, whereas external somatosensory input drives motor cortical activity before movement onset, curtails synaptic input during reaching to a hyperpolarized reversal potential value, and shapes membrane potential dynamics correlated with limb kinematics. Together, these findings demonstrate that somatosensory inputs play a central role in shaping motor cortex activity and its control of limb movement.</p>","PeriodicalId":49001,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Biology","volume":"24 4","pages":"e3003749"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13089743/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147718671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}