International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease最新文献

{"title":"Signs of Hyperinflation and Ventilation Heterogeneity in Individuals With Severe Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Deficiency at the Age of 42.","authors":"Georg Rüdiger Schramm, Per Wollmer, Eeva Piitulainen, Suneela Zaigham, Hanan Tanash","doi":"10.2147/COPD.S486575","DOIUrl":"10.2147/COPD.S486575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Severe alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a known risk factor for early development of emphysema and COPD. By the Swedish national screening program within the years 1972-74 a cohort of individuals with severe AATD (PiZZ) was identified and regularly followed up. The aim of this study was to investigate alveolar volume (V_A) and the ratio V_A/Total lung capacity (V_A/TLC) for the detection of signs of hyperinflation and ventilation heterogeneity in PiZZ individuals compared with an age-matched control group (phenotype PiMM), randomly selected from the population registry.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All study participants underwent pulmonary function tests (PFT) including dynamic spirometry and total lung capacity (TLC), residual volume (RV), functional residual capacity (FRC) and alveolar volume (V_A). They answered a questionnaire on smoking habits and symptoms. Quality of life was assessed by answering the Saint George´s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-six PiZZ and 66 PiMM individuals participated in the study. The PiZZ individuals had a significantly lower V_A/TLC ratio (p=0.004) and significantly higher RV (p<0.001) and RV/TLC ratio (p=0.001) than the PiMM individuals. The 13 PiZZ ever-smokers had a significantly higher TLC (p=0.025), RV (p=0.003) and FRC (p=0.003) and a significantly lower V_A/TLC ratio (p=0.006) than the 24 PiMM ever-smokers. No significant differences in RV, TLC, V_A, and V_A/TLC ratio were found between the never-smoking PiZZ and PiMM individuals. The ratio RV/TLC was significantly higher in the PiZZ never-smokers than in the PiMM never-smokers (p=0.026).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>At the age of 42 the PiZZ ever-smokers have signs of hyperinflation and ventilation heterogeneity.</p>","PeriodicalId":48818,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","volume":"20 ","pages":"539-549"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11890972/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143598039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delivery of Remote Pulmonary Rehabilitation: COVID-19 Service Evaluation in England.","authors":"James Ellis, Gill Gilworth, Toby Morgan, Katherine Harris, Natalie King, Patrick White","doi":"10.2147/COPD.S488183","DOIUrl":"10.2147/COPD.S488183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent evidence suggests that remote pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) meeting international criteria may be as effective as traditional in-person PR. During social distancing associated with COVID-19, in-person PR services were suspended in England. We assessed the use of remote PR services during COVID-19 social distancing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An online questionnaire survey to assess the use of remote PR during the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent availability and delivery of remote PR in England was conducted. The characteristics of PR services in England that provided remote PR, and the barriers and facilitators of delivery of remote online PR by videoconferencing were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-three services took part. Provision of remote PR rose from 17% to 95% for participating PR services during the pandemic. Remote PR was provided by telephone (65% of services), group videoconferencing (56%) and by individual patient videoconferencing (51%). Remote PR continued to be provided by 49 (76%) services following the relaxation of COVID-19-related restrictions on social contact. Barriers to the delivery of remote online PR using videoconferencing included patients' lack of internet access through inability to use smart phones or computers and perceived preference of patients for in-person provision. Perceived facilitators of remote online PR using videoconferencing were ease of staff delivery and the belief that it would be beneficial to patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Remote PR was widely used during the social distancing phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in England. Service users' lack of access to the internet was an important barrier to videoconferencing, the form of remote online PR for which evidence of effectiveness is most compelling. The provision of digital equipment and internet training should be considered to enable more equitable access to remote online PR. Despite no guideline recommendations for its utility at present, remote pulmonary rehabilitation via telephone or online videoconferencing appears to be a safe and feasible alternative when in-person pulmonary rehabilitation is unavailable.</p>","PeriodicalId":48818,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","volume":"20 ","pages":"533-538"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11890304/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143587741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting Non-Eosinophilic Immunological Pathways in COPD and AECOPD: Current Insights and Therapeutic Strategies.","authors":"Dur E Maknoon Razia, Chencheng Gao, Chao Wang, Yiming An, Fang Wang, Ling Liu, Hongqiang Lin","doi":"10.2147/COPD.S506616","DOIUrl":"10.2147/COPD.S506616","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>COPD is a multifactorial illness characterized by a long-term restriction of airflow and an inflammatory reaction in the lungs. The associated emphysema leads to the breakdown of alveolar proteins and abnormal expansion of the lung air spaces. Chronic bronchitis caused by the same disease can result in increased deposition of structural proteins, narrowing of the airways, and excessive mucus secretion leading to acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD). The most commonly prescribed medications for it, such as glucocorticoids and bronchodilators, provide important therapeutic benefits, but they also have negative side effects, including immunosuppression and infection. Therefore, it is necessary to develop medications for the treatment of COPD that specifically target the immune system and molecular components. This review focuses on non-eosinophilic aspects of immunological modulation in COPD management. Since, existing literature extensively covers eosinophilic inflammation, this review aims to fill the gap by examining alternative immunological pathways and their therapeutic implications. The findings suggest that targeting specific immune responses may enhance treatment efficacy while minimizing adverse effects associated with traditional therapies. In summary, this review emphasizes the importance of advancing research into non-eosinophilic immunological mechanisms in COPD, prescribing for the development of novel therapies that can more effectively manage this disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":48818,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","volume":"20 ","pages":"511-532"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11892741/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143598042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SCGB1A1 as a Key Regulator of Splenic Immune Dysfunction in COPD: Insights From a Murine Model.","authors":"Xinye Chen, Qiujie Wang, Mingyan Gong, Yanru Wu, Xiaoping Huang, Fengzhan Ye, Linjie Huang, Shanping Jiang, Jianting Shi","doi":"10.2147/COPD.S506332","DOIUrl":"10.2147/COPD.S506332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by irreversible airflow limitation and systemic immune impacts. COPD patients demonstrate an increased susceptibility to sepsis and septic shock, underscoring the importance of understanding its effects on splenic function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A rat COPD model was established using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cigarette smoke exposure. Splenic function was assessed through carbon clearance assays, histological analysis, and high-throughput mRNA sequencing. In vitro assays were conducted to evaluate the role of secretoglobin family 1a member 1 (SCGB1A1) in macrophage activation and lymphocyte proliferation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Carbon clearance assays revealed a significant reduction in splenic phagocytic activity in the smoke-exposed group. Histological analysis showed lymphoid follicle atrophy and connective tissue hyperplasia. High-throughput mRNA sequencing identified 102 upregulated and 32 downregulated genes in the smoke-exposed group, with SCGB1A1 notably upregulated. In vitro assays confirmed that SCGB1A1 inhibits LPS-induced macrophage activation and Phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced lymphocyte proliferation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that SCGB1A1 contributes to splenic immune dysfunction in COPD. Targeted inhibition of SCGB1A1 expression in the spleen may represent a potential therapeutic strategy to reduce the risk of sepsis in COPD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":48818,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","volume":"20 ","pages":"497-509"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11887496/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143587768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mucolytic Therapy in COPD: Patient Usage and Preferences in Real-World Italian Settings.","authors":"Salvatore D'Antonio, Alfio Pennisi, Mario Cazzola","doi":"10.2147/COPD.S504577","DOIUrl":"10.2147/COPD.S504577","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The Italian COPD Patient Association (Associazione Pazienti BPCO) conducted an online survey among its 2814 members with COPD to investigate the reasons for the widespread use of mucolytic therapies by patients, often including self-prescription using over the counter (OTC) alternatives.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>After consulting with several respiratory specialists, the Association's steering committee developed a list of nine questions with possible answers that was posted on the website of the Association. The survey was open to all members of the Association, with responses to be e-mailed to the Association.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Approximately 78% the 502 participants surveyed reported having used mucolytics in the previous six months, with 54.5% using prescribed medications and 23.5% opting for OTC medications. Usage patterns revealed that 43.4% utilized mucolytics during episodes of excessive mucus, while 35.5% used them regardless of the presence of mucus. In terms of formulation preferences, water-soluble granulated sachets (34.9%) and effervescent/dispersible tablets (22.8%) were the most preferred, followed by capsules (14.1%) and aerosol ampoules (11.2%). The factors influencing these preferences were the hydration benefits of sachets and tablets, the portability and taste advantages of capsules, and the swallowing difficulties of aerosol formulations. The data showed that 26.5% of survey participants consumed the entire contents of the prescribed or OTC package, while 19.9% utilised it for a minimum of 10 days, 31.5% for a period between 5 and 10 days, and 10.2% for less than 5 days. Cost was cited as a reason for discontinuation by 8.3% of participants. Notably, 29.5% of respondents believed that mucolytic efficacy was dependent on the amount of mucus. Most patients (66.3%) used mucolytics at home, and 57.4% took the medication once daily and 24.3% twice daily. Additionally, 41.8% were aware of the dual antioxidant and mucolytic properties of the medication.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings emphisise the need for a patient-centred approach, encouraging healthcare providers to consider individual preferences and offer personalised advice that has the potential to improve adherence and overall outcomes for COPD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":48818,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","volume":"20 ","pages":"479-486"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11881622/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Nutritional Management on the Nutritional Status and Quality of Life of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.","authors":"Jian-Hui Zhang","doi":"10.2147/COPD.S494323","DOIUrl":"10.2147/COPD.S494323","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive respiratory condition characterized by airflow limitation, which often leads to malnutrition and reduced quality of life. This study aims to evaluate the effect of individualized nutritional management on the nutritional status, pulmonary function, and overall quality of life of patients with COPD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This research is a retrospective analysis, and the patients were grouped according to the treatment methods. This study involved 100 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and were hospitalized at our hospital from March 2022 to March 2024. Among them, 43 patients with individualized nutritional management were classified as the observation group, 57 patients with regular dietary therapy management were classified as the control group. We collect clinical data on lung function, nutritional status, scores of quality of life, psychological state evaluation index, clinical efficacy, and diet satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The total effective rate of the observation group was 88.37%, which was higher than that of the control group (85.96%), and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The FEV1, FVC and FVE1% of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group after intervention (all P < 0.05). Moreover, after the intervention, the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) distance increased, and COPD Assessment Test (CAT) scores decreased significantly in both groups, with the observation group showing greater improvements (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nutrition management has a remarkable clinical curative effect in treating COPD patients, which can improve their nutritional status and quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":48818,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","volume":"20 ","pages":"487-496"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11881604/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community-Based Pulmonary Rehabilitation in an Economically Deprived Area of Jodhpur, India: A Mixed-Methods Feasibility Trial.","authors":"Mahendra Thakor, Vishal Singh, James Manifield, Mark W Orme, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Nishant Kumar Chauhan, Amy C Barradell, Zahira Ahmed, Yashika Bhati, Jesse Matheson, Andy Barton, Arun Kumar Sharma, Sally J Singh","doi":"10.2147/COPD.S488766","DOIUrl":"10.2147/COPD.S488766","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48818,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","volume":"20 ","pages":"473-478"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11878114/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Delphi Consensus Project to Capture Greek Experts' Opinion on the Position of Triple Therapies in COPD: Why, When and to Whom.","authors":"Andriana I Papaioannou, Stelios Loukides, Theodoros Vassilakopoulos, Nikolaos Tzanakis, Konstantinos Kostikas, Georgios Hillas","doi":"10.2147/COPD.S481337","DOIUrl":"10.2147/COPD.S481337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In recent years, COPD treatment has become more personalized considering specific patient's characteristics.</p><p><strong>Aim and methods: </strong>We have performed a DELPHI consensus project to assess the level of consensus among Greek experts on the use of triple therapy in COPD as an initial and follow-up treatment. A three-round Delphi online survey was developed. The questionnaire was developed by a 6-member steering committee, included 54 statements, and divided into 3 domains: (A) triple therapy as initial treatment (divided into subdomains examining the impact of exacerbations based on lung function, bronchodilation reversibility and/or blood eosinophil count, smoking, symptoms, and comorbidities), (B) escalation to triple therapy from dual bronchodilation and (C) de-escalation from triple therapy to dual bronchodilation. The survey was funded by AstraZeneca and was hosted and analysed by an independent external company.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Consensus was reached in 84.8%, 63% and 80% of statements for domains A, B and C, respectively. Experts agreed that initial treatment with triple therapy is a reasonable option for specific patients, while escalation from dual bronchodilation to triple therapy could be considered, besides frequent exacerbators, also in patients with a history of one moderate exacerbation, mainly in the presence of marked bronchodilator reversibility or high blood eosinophil count. Finally, there was a consensus that de-escalation from triple therapy to dual bronchodilation was inappropriate in patients who had experienced one moderate exacerbation in the previous year.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although consensus was generated in several statements, panelists failed to reach consensus in many aspects of the use of triple therapy, identifying areas for further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":48818,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","volume":"20 ","pages":"457-471"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11878287/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case of Pulmonary Bulla Volume Reduction by Transbronchial Puncture Under Electromagnetic Navigation Platform Combined With O-Arm CT Guidance.","authors":"Jing Zhu, Xiaoxiao Xu, Rujuan Wang, Zhenhua Li, Ying Wang, Yi Hu","doi":"10.2147/COPD.S493818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S493818","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pulmonary bullae are a common complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but treatment options are limited for patients with poor lung function and giant emphysematous bullae (GEB). We reported a case of a 61-year-old female with severe COPD complicated by a newly developed GEB. Using electromagnetic navigation technology, we precisely located and targeted the bronchi adjacent to the bullae within the lung. Guided by O-arm CT imaging, we punctured the bullae with a biopsy needle, evacuated the air, and administered autologous blood and thrombin. A follow-up pulmonary CT scan three days post-procedure revealed a significant reduction in the size of the giant bulla. Additionally, the patient's wheezing symptoms improved, and her performance on the 6-minute walk test showed some enhancement.</p>","PeriodicalId":48818,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","volume":"20 ","pages":"451-455"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11871845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143544046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of Serum Legumain with Severity and Prognosis Among Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients.","authors":"Qing-Qing Zhang, Meng-Meng Ma, Zi-Yong Chen, Yong-Xia Guo, Kui Liu, Mei-Ling Xie, Ying-Li Wang, Shu-Shu Li, Hui Qian, Xiao-Fei Zhang, Lin Fu, Ya-Lin Jiang","doi":"10.2147/COPD.S507018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S507018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A number of studies have demonstrated that legumain is engaged in the pulmonary diseases. Nevertheless, the role of legumain is indistinct in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). The aim is to identify the correlation of serum legumain with AECOPD patients through a prospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All 202 patients with AECOPD were enrolled. Fasting venous blood was collected. Serum legumain was detected by ELISA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On admission, serum legumain concentration was gradually elevated in line with AECOPD severity scores. Additionally, serum legumain was closely associated with clinical characteristics. Linear regression analysis confirmed the positive relationships of serum legumain with COPD severity scores. Moreover, the poor prognoses were tracked in patients of AECOPD. Serum higher legumain at admission increased the risks of death and acute exacerbation during hospitalization.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Serum legumain at admission was positively correlated with the severity and adverse prognosis in AECOPD patients, indicating that legumain plays a vital role in the initiation and development of AECOPD. As a result, serum legumain can become a biomarker in the disease assessment and prognosis prediction for AECOPD.</p>","PeriodicalId":48818,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","volume":"20 ","pages":"437-447"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11871913/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143544048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}