Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies最新文献

{"title":"Assessing the impact of terrestrial photography-derived roughness lengths on evaposublimation from seasonal snow in the Mediterranean mountains of Sierra Nevada (Spain)","authors":"Katharina Theresa Scheidt ,&nbsp;Rafael Pimentel ,&nbsp;Valentina Premier ,&nbsp;Carlo Marin ,&nbsp;María José Polo ,&nbsp;Claudia Notarnicola","doi":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102431","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102431","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>1. <strong>Study Region</strong> The Sierra Nevada mountain range in Spain. 2. <strong>Study focus</strong> We estimate time series of snow aerodynamic roughness length from daily terrestrial photographs, leveraging textural features to analyze its influence on evaposublimation estimates in our regional snow model under an isotropic fetch assumption. Over a long-term study (2010–2021), we compare our derived roughness length time series with a constant roughness length, examining their implications for model performance and evaposublimation trends. 3. <strong>New hydrological insights for the region</strong> Our comparison reveals that the estimated contribution of evaposublimation to total annual snow ablation using roughness length time series is significantly higher (up to <span><math><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>48</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>8</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>6</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mtext>%</mtext></mrow></math></span>) than previously reported values (<span><math><mrow><mn>30</mn><mtext>–</mtext><mn>35</mn><mtext>%</mtext></mrow></math></span>) and improve performance of our regional snow model upon using roughness length time series. In our study period spanning twelve years, cumulative evaposublimation decline (<span><math><mrow><mtext>-7.23</mtext><mspace></mspace><mtext>mm/yr</mtext></mrow></math></span>), likely linked to decreasing snow cover duration (<span><math><mrow><mtext>-4.57</mtext><mspace></mspace><mtext>d/yr</mtext></mrow></math></span>) and decreasing annual solid precipitation (<span><math><mrow><mtext>-24.81</mtext><mspace></mspace><mtext>mm/yr</mtext></mrow></math></span>), though no trend in evaposublimation rates is observed. The Sierra Nevada’s shallow snowpacks and multiple accumulation and ablation periods create mixed surface types with patchy snow, rocks, and vegetation influencing roughness lengths. Consequently, we identify a relationship between roughness length and snow cover fraction, with the potential to facilitate evaposublimation rate estimates on a spatio-temporal scale for this region in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 102431"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144090035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nature-based solutions for flood mitigation in Canadian urban centers: A review of the state of research and practice","authors":"Ali Zoghi ,&nbsp;Émilie Bilodeau ,&nbsp;Muhammad Naveed Khaliq ,&nbsp;Yeowon Kim ,&nbsp;Jean-Luc Martel ,&nbsp;Jennifer Drake","doi":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Study region</h3><div>Canadian urban regions.</div></div><div><h3>Study focus</h3><div>This paper examines nature-based solutions (NBS) for urban flood mitigation, assessing various practices such as bioretention cells, green roofs, permeable pavements, and rainwater harvesting in the context of Canadian cities.</div></div><div><h3>New hydrological insights for the region</h3><div>The findings reveal that NBS are increasingly recognized as effective tools for managing urban stormwater and improving flood resilience. However, there is a significant gap between research and practice, with many municipalities still in the pilot project phase. Challenges include lack of region-specific design guidelines, especially for cold climates, and insufficient long-term performance and monitoring data. The paper highlights the need for more studies on assessing NBS effectiveness in northern regions, which remain under-researched. Additionally, the integration of NBS with traditional grey infrastructure is critical to maximizing flood mitigation benefits. The review also identifies the importance of developing cost-effective strategies and improved modeling tools to support the broader implementation of NBS. Future research should focus on evaluating NBS combinations, understanding their adaptive capacity in a warming climate, and addressing data gaps to bridge the divide between academic findings and practical applications of NBS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 102460"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial variability of hydraulic conductivity of the Cretaceous aquifer in Belgium","authors":"Miguel Moreno Gómez ,&nbsp;Gert Ghysels ,&nbsp;Syed M.T. Mustafa ,&nbsp;Simon Six ,&nbsp;Alexander Vandenbohede ,&nbsp;Tom Diez ,&nbsp;Dirk Gijsbert Cirkel ,&nbsp;Marijke Huysmans","doi":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Study region</h3><div>Flanders (Belgium).</div></div><div><h3>Study focus</h3><div>The Cretaceous aquifer—consisting of chalk sediments and other forms of carbonates—is an important source of fresh water for drinking water and industry in Flanders. Therefore, maintaining optimal water quality and quantity in this aquifer is critical. However, uncertainty of the Cretaceous hydrogeological parameters is high due to its depth, confinement, scarce observation wells, and the complex lithostratigraphic formations and members, resulting in limited information on the aquifer hydrogeological properties.</div></div><div><h3>New hydrogeological insights from the region</h3><div>This work provides novel insights on the Cretaceous characterization, focused on the spatial distribution of hydraulic conductivity estimated through multiple pumping tests, geophysics, and flowmeter logs. A correlation between hydraulic conductivity and depth displays decreasing values as depth increases towards northern regions. The analysis indicates that the high heterogeneity of the Cretaceous and the spatial variability of hydraulic conductivity is led by lithological differences, including the presence of a hardground layer with variable thickness and permeability. This correlation also highlights the influence of fractures and karstification, enhancing hydraulic conductivity at shallower regions while decreasing it at deeper sections of the aquifer given the lower fracture density due to higher overburden pressures. Results demonstrate the influence of depth, lithology, and fracture development controlling the hydraulic conductivity variability within the Cretaceous, providing important insights for further research on water extraction and aquifer storage capacity, among others.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 102462"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143946898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of evaporation water losses from nearly 5000 reservoirs in China","authors":"Yinuo Zhu ,&nbsp;Aizhong Ye ,&nbsp;Wei Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102467","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102467","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Study region</h3><div>China, focusing on 4863 inland reservoirs with areas greater than 1 km². These reservoirs are crucial for water supply and management, and understanding the invisible water losses they incur is vital for assessing surface water availability.</div></div><div><h3>Study focus</h3><div>This study reconstructs the monthly area series of 4863 inland reservoirs in China from 1988 to 2018 utilizing the latest reservoir database and water enhancement algorithm. Reservoir evaporation is quantified based on the reconstructed area series and a lake evaporation algorithm based on Penman equation and accounting for heat storage and fetch effect. Long-term and seasonal trends are analyzed, and driving factors behind these trends are identified using a detrending method.</div></div><div><h3>New hydrological insights for the region</h3><div>The total area of China's reservoirs increased at a rate of 132.68 km²/year, with a cumulative growth of 2880.7 km² in existing reservoir. A significant negative correlation was observed between seasonal variations in reservoir area and precipitation. The long-term average evaporation volume from reservoirs was 18.55 × 10⁹ m³ /year, with an increasing trend of 1.46 × 10⁸ m³ /year and an evaporation rate increase trend of 0.0045 mm/day per year, primarily driven by temperature. Seasonal evaporation rates lagged one month behind temperature trends, peaking in September. These findings provide essential data support for reservoir management and water resource planning, offering insights into addressing water supply and sustainability challenges under future climate changes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 102467"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the impact of vegetation changes on water availability in the upper Yellow River Basin, China","authors":"Yan Wang ,&nbsp;Guoqing Wang ,&nbsp;Xiyuan Deng ,&nbsp;Yuli Ruan ,&nbsp;Cuishan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Study region</h3><div>The upper Yellow River Basin (UYRB), China</div></div><div><h3>Study focus</h3><div>The influences of vegetation changes on terrestrial water and energy fluxes have attracted global attention, yet the effect on water availability remains uncertain. In this work, we combined long-term satellite data and ecohydrological modeling to explore how vegetation changes affect hydrological processes and water availability across different climatic conditions and vegetation types in the UYRB, the most important water conservation area within the YRB. The Community Land Model version 4.5 (CLM4.5), coupled with the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) parameterizations, was utilized for ecohydrological applications.</div></div><div><h3>New hydrological insights for the region</h3><div>From 1982 to 2018, vegetation in the UYRB exhibited a predominantly greening trend, with 57.9 % of the area showing significant greening, resulting in increased evapotranspiration (ET), diminished runoff, drier soil conditions, and decline in water yield and terrestrial water storage change (TWSC). According to the simulation using the satellite-derived dynamic leaf area index (LAI), we further estimated that a unit change in LAI resulted in changes in water yield and TWSC of −124.15 ± 71.38 mm yr⁻¹ and −102.21 ± 74.98 mm yr⁻¹, respectively. However, the simulation with model-predicted LAI underestimated this control, likely due to the poor representation of LAI dynamics. The LAI effects were significantly modulated by climatic conditions and vegetation types, with the greening of vegetation exacerbating water scarcity in arid regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 102403"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactions between dissolved organic matter composition and microbial communities in runoff from biocrust-colonized slopes on the Loess Plateau of China","authors":"Guo Chen ,&nbsp;Hao Wang ,&nbsp;Qing-wei Zhang ,&nbsp;Chao Chang ,&nbsp;Jian Wang ,&nbsp;Yuan-bi Yi ,&nbsp;Ming Li ,&nbsp;Ding He","doi":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Study region</h3><div>The Zhifanggou watershed of the Loess Plateau, China.</div></div><div><h3>Study focus</h3><div>Using rainfall simulation experiments coupled with high-throughput sequencing and fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), we revealed the linkages between DOM molecular characteristics and bacterial/fungal communities in runoff from slopes colonized by three typical biocrusts (cyanobacterial, cyanobacterial-moss, and moss crusts), with bare slope as control.</div></div><div><h3>New hydrological insights for the region</h3><div>Biocrust succession significantly increased DOM molecular diversity by 12–24 % compared to bare slope, while maintaining stable microbial diversity. The bacterial communities in runoff were dominated by Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota (61–79 %), while Ascomycota (60–94 %) prevailed fungal communities. The DOM molecular composition in runoff was closely associated with bacterial and fungal communities and the biocrusts characteristics within runoff plots. The compositional differences of all compound classes or elemental combinations in runoff generally decreased with biocrust succession. Besides, the positive Spearman correlation between bacteria and DOM in runoff predominantly distributed in higher O/C and lower H/C molecular families, while vice versa for the fungi. Meanwhile, bipartite network analysis further demonstrated that both positive and negative interactions were closely associated to molecular characteristics. When the H/C or O/C ratios of DOM molecules were more similar, their correlations with microbial taxa showed greater similarity. Overall, our findings offer insights into DOM-microbe co-transport mechanisms at soil-aquatic interfaces of semiarid ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 102411"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A fusion strategy for terrestrial water storage anomaly inversion using joint GNSS and GRACE for Southwest China","authors":"Yifan Shen ,&nbsp;Wanglong Hou ,&nbsp;Huizhong Zhu ,&nbsp;Yu Gai ,&nbsp;Hao Yu ,&nbsp;Pengsheng Gao ,&nbsp;Shengkun Nie ,&nbsp;Wei Zheng ,&nbsp;Qiang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Study region</h3><div>The southwest China covers Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Guangxi, and Chongqing. The region is influenced by monsoon climate and complex topography, with complex hydrological processes and significant spatial and temporal heterogeneity.</div></div><div><h3>Study focus</h3><div>The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite data demonstrate high accuracy; however, their spatial and temporal resolution is low, and there is a window of almost one year. Conversely, the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) satellite data have high spatial and temporal resolution, but their accuracy is low. In this study, a novel Adaptive Weighted Fusion TWSA Inversion Method (AWFTM) is proposed to achieve the complementary advantages of GNSS and GRACE, in order to invert the TWSA results with high accuracy and high spatial and temporal resolution.</div></div><div><h3>New hydrological insights for the region</h3><div>The temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of TWSA in southwest China from 2011 to 2022 were analyzed using AWFTM inversion. The study found that TWSA increased dramatically during 2014–2016, a phenomenon closely related to the strong convective weather and extreme heavy rainfall triggered by the super El Niño event during the same period, which led to significant changes in regional water storage. Further analysis shows that the TWSA and rainfall data from the AWFTM inversion are highly consistent across the provinces in southwest China, with their peaks located in southwest Yunnan Province and southeast Guangxi Province. The results not only validate the spatial reliability of AWFTM, but also provide a powerful dataset that can support disaster prevention, water resource management, and ecological protection in the region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 102391"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into groundwater hydrochemistry and origin of the hydrocarbon contaminated karst aquifers, SW Iran","authors":"Farshad Alijani ,&nbsp;Narges Bayat ,&nbsp;Hamid Reza Nassery ,&nbsp;Gesine D. Lorenz ,&nbsp;Florian Heine ,&nbsp;Matthew I. Leybourne","doi":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Study region</h3><div>Khuzestan, Ilam, Lorestan, and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces in southwest of Iran.</div></div><div><h3>Study focus</h3><div>In this study, conventional geochemical, stable isotopes of H₂O (δ²H, δ¹⁸O), SO₄ (δ³⁴S, δ¹⁸O), and dissolved inorganic carbon (δ¹³C_DIC) were employed on the samples collected in February 2021, August 2021, and February 2022 from SW Iran. By the use of hydrogeochemical diagrams, sulfuric samples (SS), non-sulfuric samples (NSS), and oil field water (OFW) samples in karst aquifers have been distinguished.</div></div><div><h3>New hydrological insights for the region</h3><div>The findings reveal that: (1) the major chemical composition of the SS, NSS, and OFW samples consist of CaSO₄, CaHCO₃, and NaCl types, respectively; (2) the δ²H_H2O values range between −17.37 and −15.86 ‰ V-SMOW and the δ¹⁸O_H2O values range between −4.49 and −4.18 ‰ V-SMOW for the SS and NSS, indicating that they originated from local rainwater; (3) the δ³⁴S_SO4 and δ¹⁸O_SO4 values of dissolved sulfate of SS, NSS, and OFW indicate that the sulfate resulted from interactions between water and rocks, particularly evaporitic rocks such as gypsum and anhydrite; and (4) the δ¹³C_DIC values vary extensively, ranging from −16 ‰ to + 7 ‰ V-PDB. Higher δ¹³C_DIC signatures are consistent with biogeochemical processes (i.e., methanogenesis) or exchange with marine carbonates. (5) The concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) ranged from 26.3 to 19,670 μg/L in the groundwater samples.Toluene was the most abundant species of BTEX in all samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 102379"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive evaluation of the accuracy of satellite-based precipitation estimates over Thailand","authors":"Chanphit Kaprom ,&nbsp;James Alexander Williams ,&nbsp;Rajeshwar Mehrotra ,&nbsp;Chainarong Ophaphaibun ,&nbsp;Nutchanart Sriwongsitanon","doi":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102380","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102380","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Study region</h3><div>Thailand</div></div><div><h3>Study focus</h3><div>This study assessed the performance of fifteen SPE products from the TRMM, GPM IMERG, CHIRP, CMORPH, and PERSIANN families, using 1779 gauged rainfall measurements, covering the period from 2001 to 2015, after undergoing fourteen quality control steps. Various statistical indicators ranked fifteen candidates with normalized scores, revealing performance differences across regions and products. This analysis helps to identify the most suitable products for specific objectives. It also evaluates the performance of SPEs across changes in elevation, rainfall probability, and data-scarce conditions by progressively reducing the amount of gauged rainfall data used. Finally, an ensemble product was developed.</div></div><div><h3>New hydrological insights for the region under study</h3><div>Firstly, CMORPH-BLD, CHIRPS-Preliminary, TRMM-3B42, and GPM IMERG-Final are the top four performers. Secondly, rainfall estimates from the SPE products were generally underestimated at rare probabilities and overestimated at more frequent ones. Their accuracy was slightly lower at elevations below 200 m, improved up to 800 m with consistent accuracy, and then decreased above 800 m, with minimal gauged rainfall stations increasing uncertainties in assessing SPE product performance at higher elevations. Thirdly, bias correction improved the performance of all SPEs, and accuracy gains were still achievable even with reduced gauged rainfall data. The ensemble of multiple SPEs reduced individual errors, demonstrating their reliability in representing precipitation in Thailand. These findings confirm the robustness of fixed simulation weights for future applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 102380"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Source apportionment and health risks of nitrate pollution in shallow groundwater in the agricultural Northern Xiaoxing' an Mountains region of China","authors":"Jilin Zheng ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Guo ,&nbsp;Yanlong Cai ,&nbsp;Junshuai Liu ,&nbsp;Dake Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoqi Gao ,&nbsp;Bowen Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Study region</h3><div>Northern Xiaoxing'an Mountains, a key agricultural region in Northeast China.</div></div><div><h3>Study focus</h3><div>Groundwater nitrate (NO₃⁻) contamination has become a widespread concern due to agricultural intensification and anthropogenic activities. This study investigated the sources, spatial distribution, and health risks of nitrate pollution using hydrochemical analysis, multivariate statistical methods, and health risk assessment. APCS-MLR (Absolute Principal Component Scores-Multiple Linear Regression) was employed to quantify pollution sources, while Monte Carlo simulation was utilized to assess health risks among different population groups.</div></div><div><h3>New hydrological insights for the region</h3><div>Groundwater NO₃⁻ concentrations averaged 31.06 mg/L, with 60 % of samples exceeding Class III water quality standards. APCS-MLR identified agricultural activities as the dominant pollution source (64.04 %), followed by domestic sewage (24.14 %), with pollution hotspots concentrated in intensive farming areas. Hydrochemical analysis revealed two predominant groundwater types: Ca-HCO₃ and Ca-Cl(NO₃+SO₄), with the latter associated with anthropogenic contamination. Health risk assessment highlighted infants as the most vulnerable group, with a 95th percentile Hazard Quotient of 2.38, significantly exceeding the safety threshold. Key factors distinguishing agricultural and domestic pollution sources included distinctive correlations between NO₃⁻, Cl⁻, and SO₄²⁻, hydrochemical patterns in Gibbs diagrams, and spatial correspondence with land use. This comprehensive characterization provides a scientific foundation for implementing targeted nitrate management strategies in this agriculturally important region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 102394"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}