BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation最新文献

{"title":"Interplay between sports nutrition knowledge, lifestyle factors, and body mass index among regularly exercising university students: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Ayşe Nur Songür Bozdağ, Eren Canbolat, Emre Duman, Cansu Memiç İnan","doi":"10.1186/s13102-026-01929-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-026-01929-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to comprehensively examine the complex relationships among sports nutrition knowledge, nutritional status (macro- and micronutrient intake), body mass index (BMI), and lifestyle factors (smoking status, dietary habits including salt preference, daily water consumption, dietary supplement use, and exercise characteristics) in university students who engage in regular exercise.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted between December 2023 and April 2024 with 454 university students (172 males, 282 females) enrolled in universities in İzmir, Türkiye, who self-reported engaging in regular exercise. Data were collected using the Abridged Nutrition for Sports Knowledge Questionnaire (A-NSKQ), two non-consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls (one weekday and one weekend day) analysed with BeBiS<sup>®</sup> v9.0, and sociodemographic/lifestyle questionnaires. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was employed to identify factors predicting BMI and weekly regular exercise duration. Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman correlation tests were used for statistical analyses (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most participants (75.1%) demonstrated inadequate sports nutrition knowledge on the A-NSKQ, with this proportion being higher among females (81.2%) than males (65.1%). Male students had significantly higher weekly total regular exercise duration (p < 0.001), A-NSKQ scores (p < 0.001), and BMI (p < 0.001) compared with females. A-NSKQ level was not associated with macronutrient intake (carbohydrates, protein, fat) (p > 0.05); however, higher A-NSKQ was significantly associated with better intake of certain micronutrients, including vitamin E (p = 0.005), riboflavin (p = 0.021), iron (p = 0.033), and zinc (p = 0.034). Gender (β = -0.436), daily energy intake (β = -0.091), smoking status (β = -0.163), and daily water intake (β = 0.159) were identified as significant predictors of BMI (all p ≤ 0.001), with protein intake (%E; β = 0.091, p = 0.030) showing a weaker positive association, while A-NSKQ score and weekly regular exercise duration were not. The final regression model was significant and accounted for a meaningful proportion of the variance in BMI (R² = 0.245; Adjusted R² = 0.231).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite being physically active, university students exhibit notably low levels of sports nutrition knowledge, particularly among female students. Although knowledge level does not predict BMI or macronutrient intake, it shows a positive association with the intake of key micronutrients. The current situation highlights the disconnect between theoretical knowledge and its application in practice; in other words, a clear knowledge-behaviour gap. The findings confirm that active university students who engage in regular exercise require not merely theoretical, but directly practical and goal-specific nutrition education to achi","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13560207/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148931701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of the mechanical properties of the deltoid and trapezius muscles and shoulder range of motion in competitive young swimmers across different swimming strokes.","authors":"Çağıl Ertürk, Kubilay Çimen, Rıfat Mutuş, Sinan Demirci, Görkem Açar, Ender Kalpak, Kübra Begüm Tangil","doi":"10.1186/s13102-026-01946-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-026-01946-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Competitive swimming is a sport that places a high level of repetitive load on the shoulder complex and requires intensive use of upper extremity movements. Different swimming strokes may demonstrate distinct differences in shoulder joint biomechanics and muscle activation patterns, which may lead to stroke-specific adaptations in shoulder joint range of motion and the neuromechanical properties of muscles. However, studies examining shoulder joint range of motion together with the biomechanical properties of shoulder girdle muscles assessed by myotonometry according to swimming strokes in young swimmers are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the biomechanical properties of shoulder girdle muscles and shoulder joint range of motion differ according to swimming stroke in competitive youth swimmers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 32 competitive swimmers (14 females, 18 males) were included in this cross-sectional and comparative study. Participants were divided into four groups according to their dominant swimming stroke: freestyle (n = 8), breaststroke (n = 9), backstroke (n = 8), and butterfly (n = 7). Shoulder joint range of motion (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, and external rotation) was assessed bilaterally using a standard goniometric method. The biomechanical properties of shoulder girdle muscles were measured using the MyotonPRO device, and oscillation frequency (muscle tone), dynamic stiffness, logarithmic decrement, relaxation time, and creep parameters were recorded. Differences in shoulder joint range of motion were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. In the evaluation of muscle biomechanical properties, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was applied while controlling for age, height, body mass, and training experience as covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No differences were found among swimming strokes in shoulder flexion, extension, abduction, internal rotation, and external rotation range of motion (p > 0.05). In contrast, shoulder adduction range of motion differed significantly according to swimming stroke on both sides (right p = 0.003; left p = 0.008). Freestyle swimmers demonstrated lower adduction angles, whereas butterfly and backstroke swimmers exhibited higher values. Myotonometric assessment showed no stroke-related differences in oscillation frequency, muscle stiffness, relaxation time, or creep parameters (p > 0.05). However, a stroke-related difference was observed in the decrement value of the anterior deltoid muscle (p = 0.002), with freestyle swimmers demonstrating lower decrement values compared with some other stroke groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of this study indicate that shoulder joint range of motion in competitive youth swimmers is largely independent of swimming stroke, although shoulder adduction range of motion may exhibit stroke-specific differences. In addition, while most","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13551747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148913819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness and safety of blood flow restriction training for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review with meta analysis.","authors":"Yuan Li, Xinyi Zhao, Wei Zhang, Hong Wu, Qiao Tian, Fuyi Ma, Dongxu He, Yujun Cai","doi":"10.1186/s13102-026-01936-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-026-01936-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Blood flow restriction training (BFRT) enables low-load exercise to elicit adaptations comparable to high-load training, offering a potentially viable option for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who have limited tolerance to conventional exercise. Evidence regarding its incremental effectiveness and safety in this population remains incomplete.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Eight databases were searched from inception to April 2026. Studies enrolling adults with T2DM were eligible. A two-stream framework was applied: long-term studies (≥ 8 weeks) informed effectiveness and acute single-session studies informed safety, analysed independently. The primary meta-analysis was restricted to active exercise comparators. Hedges' g was calculated using a random-effects model, with subgroup analyses by training modality and GRADE certainty assessment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen articles representing 12 independent studies (n = 555) were included. BFRT produced a significant small reduction in total cholesterol compared with active exercise controls (g = -0.30, 95% CI -0.58 to -0.02; p = 0.039). Overall effects on HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose were non-significant, though exploratory subgroup analyses suggested training modality as a possible moderator. The low-intensity aerobic BFRT yielded moderate effects on HbA1c (g = -0.55; p = 0.003) and fasting plasma glucose (g = -0.67; p = 0.009), whereas low-load resistance BFRT showed no meaningful glycaemic advantage. Given the few studies per subgroup, these modality-specific findings require cautious interpretation. No serious adverse events were recorded and acute haemodynamic responses remained within safety thresholds. Certainty of evidence ranged from low to moderate.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>BFRT may confer modest incremental metabolic benefits over active exercise in T2DM, with a significant effect observed for total cholesterol and modality-dependent effects on glycaemic outcomes. No serious adverse events were observed under supervised conditions, although the limited evidence base precludes definitive safety characterisation and larger trials with standardised protocols and extended follow-up are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148901300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subclinical Achilles tendon structural and pathology changes in asymptomatic amateur marathon runners: a correlational and multivariate MRI study.","authors":"Wanzhen Yao, Jianxiong Sui, Siyu Dai, Yiyun Dai, Zhouhao Wei, Jing Zhou, Yong Chen, Jianping Ding, Jie Liu, Jie Huang","doi":"10.1186/s13102-026-01945-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-026-01945-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the morphological characteristics and pathological changes of the Achilles tendon in asymptomatic amateur marathon runners using high-resolution MRI and to identify the key demographic and running-related factors that influence these structural and pathology changes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-eight asymptomatic amateur marathon runners (39 males, median age 38.0 years) underwent ankle 3.0T MRI. Quantitative parameters of the dominant leg's Achilles tendon-including thickness, volume, cross-sectional area (CSA), and length-were measured. MRI findings suggestive of Achilles tendinopathy (mid portion/insertional), retrocalcaneal bursitis, superficial calcaneal bursitis, and paratendinopathy were recorded. Demographic data, running experience, monthly distance, running pace, and foot strike pattern were collected. Correlations were assessed using Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients. Group differences were evaluated using t-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests, and multivariate binary logistic regression was performed to identify independently associated factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MRI findings suggestive of retrocalcaneal bursitis (37.5%), insertional Achilles tendinopathy (31.2%), midportion Achilles tendinopathy (20.8%), and paratendinopathy (8.3%), with no superficial calcaneal bursitis detected. Running experience correlated positively with thickness, CSA, volume (all P < 0.05). Retrocalcaneal bursitis had a higher BMI (t = -3.176, P = 0.001) and longer running experience (t = -2.498, P = 0.012). Midportion and insertional Achilles tendinopathy had slower running paces (z = -2.526, P = 0.012 and z = -2.407, P = 0.016, respectively). Foot strike patterns varied among different Retrocalcaneal bursitis statuses (x² = 6.146, P = 0.013). Volume was independently associated with midportion Achilles tendinopathy (OR = 1.001, 95% CI: 1.000-1.002, P = 0.045). BMI (OR = 1.956, 95% CI: 1.153-3.320, P = 0.013) and rearfoot strike pattern (OR = 0.236, 95% CI: 0.060-0.935, P = 0.040) were independently associated with retrocalcaneal bursitis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MRI-detected subclinical Achilles tendon abnormalities are prevalent in amateur marathon runners, with retrocalcaneal bursitis being the most common finding. BMI, foot strike pattern, and Achilles tendon volume were associated with different types of MRI abnormalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13673818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149208071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature-dependent effects of post-exercise cold-water immersion on recovery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Yunah Jeon, Hyo-Seong Yeo","doi":"10.1186/s13102-026-01912-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-026-01912-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cold-water immersion (CWI) is widely used as a recovery intervention to facilitate post-exercise recovery; however, inconsistent conclusions remain regarding temperature-dependent effects. Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively examine the effects of CWI on post-exercise recovery, focusing on delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and biochemical markers of muscle damage, including creatine kinase (CK) and myoglobin (Mb), and to quantitatively compare the effects across different water temperatures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted as a systematic review and meta-analysis in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Relevant studies were identified through searches of the PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus and SCOPUS databases. Only studies employing a single-session CWI intervention were included, and a total of 52 studies met the inclusion criteria. Effect sizes were calculated using standardized mean differences (SMD), and subgroup analyses were performed to compare the effects of water temperatures of approximately 5 °C, 10 °C, and 15 °C. The review protocol was not prospectively registered, and temperature subgroup analyses should be considered exploratory.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The meta-analysis demonstrated that CWI produced statistically significant moderate-to-large effects on DOMS, CK, and Mb during the post-exercise recovery period (DOMS: SMD = - 0.81; CK: SMD = - 0.64; Mb: SMD = - 0.93; all p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses by water temperature showed numerically smaller reductions in DOMS at ≈5 °C (SMD = - 0.2) compared with ≈10 °C (SMD = - 0.8) and ≈15 °C (SMD = - 0.9); however, the difference between temperature subgroups was not statistically significant (p = 0.79). CK and Mb were significantly reduced across all temperature ranges, with no significant differences between temperature subgroups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>On average, CWI was associated with reductions in DOMS, CK, and Mb, although substantial heterogeneity and wide prediction intervals indicate that these effects may not be consistently reproduced across settings. Numerically larger reductions in DOMS were observed at approximately 10-15 °C than at ≈5 °C, but neither subgroup analysis nor meta-regression confirmed a temperature-dependent effect. No water-temperature range can currently be considered superior.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p><p><strong>Review registration: </strong>Not prospectively registered.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13660251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-traumatic dental care, mouthguard use, and preventive behaviour among athletes participating in sports with different contact intensities: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Sinem Coşkun Albayrak, Ayfer Ezgi Yılmaz Çakıroğlu, Temel Çakıroğlu","doi":"10.1186/s13102-026-01935-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-026-01935-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sports-related dental and maxillofacial trauma remains a significant oral health problem in contact sports. This study aimed to investigate dental trauma experience, mouthguard use patterns, and post-traumatic dental care behaviours among elite combat sport athletes and to compare these outcomes according to sport contact intensity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among 357 athletes involved in collision, contact, and limited-contact sports. Data on dental trauma history, mouthguard awareness and use, and post-traumatic dental care behaviours were collected. Comparisons between sport groups were performed using Pearson's chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, and multinomial logistic regression analyses (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mouthguard awareness was reported by 78.7% of athletes, and 84.9% perceived a risk of orofacial injury. Dental trauma during training or competition was reported by 37.3% of participants; however, only 21.1% sought professional dental care following injury. Mouthguard use was low, particularly during training, where 62.7% reported never using one. Athletes participating in collision sports more frequently believed that their sport required orofacial protection (p < 0.001) and reported more frequent mouthguard use during national and international competitions (both p = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dental trauma was common, whereas mouthguard use and post-traumatic dental attendance remained inadequate. Although awareness of mouthguards was relatively high, it did not consistently translate into preventive behaviours, particularly during training. Targeted educational strategies and wider promotion of properly fitted mouthguards may improve injury prevention and post-traumatic care.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13576097/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148978061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A motivational model of sleep disturbance in winter athletes: the roles of motivational climate, basic psychological needs, and burnout.","authors":"Xinran Wu, Jia Chen, Runyi Li","doi":"10.1186/s13102-026-01922-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-026-01922-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present research investigated the associations among motivational climates, basic psychological needs, burnout, and sleep disturbance in winter sports athletes guided by achievement goal theory and self-determination theory. It included 456 participants (263 males, 193 females, aged 18 to 25 years) from three sports universities across five winter sports events. Participants completed four psychological scales related to the study variables. The results indicated that task-involving climate was positively associated with basic psychological needs satisfaction, whereas ego-involving climate showed a negative association. In turn, basic psychological needs satisfaction was negatively related to burnout, which was positively associated with sleep disturbance. Overall, these findings underscore the sequential associations linking motivational climates, basic psychological needs, burnout, and sleep disturbance within a coherent motivational process model, supporting the inclusion of sleep disturbance as an outcome in the motivational model.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13670731/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149197131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can physical exercise improve allergic rhinitis symptoms in adults? A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Chi Ngai Lo, Bernard Pui Lam Leung, Felix Haobo Wang, Aiden Yin Hoi Wong, Shirley Pui Ching Ngai","doi":"10.1186/s13102-026-01925-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-026-01925-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of structured physical exercise in reducing symptoms and improving clinical outcomes in adults with allergic rhinitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Electronic databases including MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched. This review included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving adults with clinically diagnosed allergic rhinitis or objective evidence of allergic sensitization. The quality of the included articles was appraised by the Risk of Bias 2 Tool. Searches were conducted from database inception to 4 March 2026. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420261283259).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 3,811 records were identified, with seven RCTs involving 395 participants included in the review. Exercise interventions were generally associated with improvements in allergic rhinitis symptoms, nasal function, and inflammatory biomarkers. Pooled data from two studies demonstrated a significant improvement in peak nasal inspiratory flow favouring exercise interventions over control (SMD 0.99, 95% CI 0.41 to 1.56; p < 0.01; I² = 0%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This systematic review summarized the available RCTs showing that exercise may improve allergic rhinitis symptoms and clinical indicators. However, the current evidence remains limited by small sample sizes and heterogeneity across studies, and the findings should be interpreted with caution.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149275688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A bayesian inference and neural network model for predicting physical fitness consumption in table tennis athletes.","authors":"Ran Wang","doi":"10.1186/s13102-026-01923-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-026-01923-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Correctly predicting athletes' physical energy consumption is helpful for scientifically managing the training load to improve sports performance, especially for sports with high density and frequent movement changes, such as table tennis. This study proposes a Bayesian inference-based Autoformer temporal neural network model, termed Bayesian Autoformer (B-Autoformer), for multivariate physiological signal-based physical exertion prediction. The B-Autoformer model integrates Bayesian inference with the Autoformer temporal architecture, introducing probabilistic parameter modeling within the encoder and decoder components, and combining multi-head autocorrelation mechanisms with joint quantile loss functions to achieve both point prediction and interval prediction of VO₂-related physical exertion. The experimental data comprise two components. The Physical Activity Monitoring 2 Dataset (PAMAP2) is a publicly available multimodal physiological dataset derived from daily activity and exercise scenarios, encompassing triaxial acceleration, heart rate, and energy expenditure-related indicators, and is employed for model pre-training and generic feature learning. In this study, a special table tennis dataset was collected, including the continuous physiological signals of 18 male athletes during fixed-point technique, left and right push attack, non-fixed-point spin of the whole table and simulated competition training, and used for model fine-tuning and special verification. After filtering, time alignment and sliding window segmentation, the data are evaluated by five-fold cross-validation, combined with paired t-test and 95% confidence interval analysis. The evaluation indexes include Mean Square Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), coefficient of determination (R²) and interval coverage. The experimental results show that, compared with other comparison models, the MSE, MAE and R² of B-Autoformer on PAMAP2 dataset are 0.260, 0.363 and 0.906, which are significantly better than the baseline model (p < 0.05). In table tennis, MSE is 0.355, MAE is 0.435, R² is 0.875, and the highest interval coverage rate is 88%. The performance of the model remains relatively stable under different action types. The error increases slightly in complex simulated game scenes, but the trend consistency is still obvious. The results show that the model has certain advantages in representing the dynamic change and uncertainty of body movement. It can be used for training load monitoring and action intensity evaluation, thus providing reference for personalized regulation in special table tennis training.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149275683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrically assisted bicycles in adults: a scoping review of health outcomes and relevance to rehabilitation.","authors":"João Pedro de Santana Silva, Adriele de Morais Nunes, Ricardo Rodrigues da Silva, Renato Max Faria, Saint-Clair Gomes Bernardes Neto, Íllia Nadinne Dantas Florentino Lima","doi":"10.1186/s13102-026-01904-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-026-01904-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Electrically assisted bicycles (e-bikes) have gained attention as a low-barrier strategy for promoting physical activity among individuals with different levels of exercise tolerance. Although most research has been conducted in community and active-transport settings, some outcomes may be relevant to rehabilitation. This scoping review mapped e-bikes among adults and synthesized health outcomes with potential relevance to rehabilitation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following JBI methodology and PRISMA-ScR reporting guidance, we searched major health databases and supplementary sources from inception to 25 September 2025. We included experimental and observational studies involving adults aged ≥ 18 years who used pedal-assist e-bikes. No restriction was imposed on intervention or exposure duration. Two reviewers independently screened the records, extracted the data, and assessed methodological quality using the Effective Public Health Practice Project tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 8,242 records identified, 14 studies were included. Most involved healthy adults and were conducted in Europe, with few studies including clinical populations. E-bike protocols varied widely, but several elicited moderate-intensity physiological responses and were associated with greater cycling participation and lower perceived exertion. Evidence on metabolic, cognitive, and psychological outcomes was limited. All included studies received an overall weak methodological quality rating. Study duration ranged from single-session assessments to nine-month interventions, while one community program operated for approximately 21 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>E-bikes may offer a feasible, low-barrier means of promoting physical activity and cycling participation while reducing perceived exertion. However, the evidence remains exploratory because most studies involved small samples and healthy participants, and few were conducted in clinical rehabilitation settings. Further controlled trials are needed before e-bikes can be routinely recommended for rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149275652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}