BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation最新文献

{"title":"Relationship between swimming performance and shoulder muscle strength in elite Chinese water polo players.","authors":"Sikuan Ren, Wenyan Li, Zeyi Zhang, Fengrui Cao","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01104-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-025-01104-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The relationship between swimming performance and shoulder muscle strength at different swimming distances is unclear. To provide a theoretical basis for future targeted training as well as better detection and prevention of water polo related injuries.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze the correlation between swimming speed and shoulder joint muscle strength.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eleven members of the Chinese men's water polo team were included as subjects, and a BIODEX isokinetic muscle strength tester was used to test the isokinetic muscle strength of shoulder flexion, extension, rotation, and abduction-adduction muscles on both sides of the shoulder. And a stopwatch was used to measure swimming speed. Correlation analysis was used to verify the relationship between muscle strength and swimming performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant difference in the peak moment index of the shoulder muscle groups on both sides of the shoulder at 60°/s centripetal movement. Correlation analysis showed that the 25 m swimming performance was significantly correlated with the peak moment index of the right shoulder extensor group (60°/s centripetal), and with the total work of the left and right shoulder flexor groups and the right shoulder extensor group under the 240°/s centripetal contraction; The 50 m swimming performance was significantly correlated with the index of the right shoulder flexor group and the total work of the left and right extensor groups (240°/s centripetal); The 100 m swimming performance was significantly correlated with the index of the left shoulder flexor group and the total work of the right shoulder extensor group (240°/s centripetal); Swimming performance over 200 m was significantly correlated with the peak moment of the right and left shoulder flexor groups and the right extensor group (240°/s centripetal).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>National male water polo players have balanced muscle strength on their left and right sides, which contributes to improved swimming performance. In addition, the muscle strength characteristics of their shoulder flexion-extension and adduction-abduction muscle groups can be used as predictors of swimming performance. Conducting training is important to improve the swimming ability of water polo players as well as to better prevent the incidence of shoulder injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143617560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemodynamic analysis of blood flow restriction training: a systematic review.","authors":"Ruifeng Huang, Yong Ma, Zizhe Yang, Zhikun Wang, Canyi Zeng, Yazhou Qin, Mengyao Jia","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01084-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-025-01084-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blood Flow Restriction Training (BFRT) is a low-load training technique that involves applying pressure to partially restrict arterial blood flow while occluding venous return. Despite its growing popularity, there is still no consensus on how combining BFRT with resistance or aerobic training influences hemodynamic responses, or on the safest and most effective methods for implementing it. This review aims to systematically identify the effects of BFRT on hemodynamic parameters. A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement guidelines. The Chinese literature search was performed in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database. English literature search was conducted in the Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. The studies included human subjects, the outcome indicators included hemodynamic evaluation indicators, and only randomized controlled trials and randomized crossover trials were considered. Non-Chinese or English literature, duplicate studies, and those with missing data were excluded. The adapted STROBE checklist was used to assess the risk of bias, 44 articles were included in this review. Results indicated that BFRT has increased heart rate and blood lactate levels, while its effect on blood oxygen saturation varies. Additionally, BFRT significantly enhances cardiac output but may either have no significant effect or cause a decrease in stroke volume. Furthermore, BFRT improves pulse wave velocity from the femur to the posterior tibia, suggesting a positive influence on cardiovascular function. BFRT induces changes in arterial structure and function, with these indicators interacting to produce both positive and negative effects on cardiovascular health. The primary mechanisms by which BFRT influences hemodynamics include the activation of the sympathetic and vagus nerves, as well as the regulation of chemical mediators in body fluids that modulate cardiovascular function. Convenient, economical, non-invasive, and easily measurable hemodynamic indicators are expected to become an efficient tool for evaluating the effects of exercise training. Further research is needed to establish the optimal compression thresholds and durations for different populations and exercise types, as well as to assess the long-term impact of BFRT on hemodynamic parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"46"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143617574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of elite table tennis players' comprehensive technical and tactical performance.","authors":"Zhihao Chen, Muzi Li, Qing Yang","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01092-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01092-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Game performance analysis has been playing a significant role in sports events which has reached an international consensus. In the field of technical and tactical analysis of table tennis, many studies conducted the segmented evaluation of players based on the phased-theory. The present study proposed the concepts of \"competitive technical and tactical performance\" of elite table tennis players. The purpose of this study was to develop an entropy-based weighting system integrated with three comprehensive evaluation methods, aiming to examine its feasibility for evaluation in two practical applications: inter-athlete comparison and performance fluctuations across time periods. Another purpose was to explore the applicability of different comprehensive evaluation methods through comparative application.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 40 matches of six elite male table tennis players in 2019 were selected to evaluate their competitive technical and tactical performance. The technical effectiveness of four phases in a match as the relevant indexes, three comprehensive evaluation methods, including the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method, the Rank-sum ratio method and the Osculating value method were applied based on the Entropy weight method. Kendall's concordance coefficient and Spearman's correlation coefficient were employed to examine the consistency and correlation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>(1) The technical strength ranking of the six elite table tennis players was as follows: Player A, Player B, Player C, Player F, Player E, and Player D. This ranking exhibited a high degree of consistency with the international rankings as of December 2019. Notably, Player C's performance showed significant fluctuations, whereas Player E demonstrated a steady and upward performance trend. (2) All Kendall's concordance coefficients exceeded 0.948, and all Spearman's correlation coefficients were above 0.883, with statistically highly significant results (p < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>All three comprehensive methods were shown to have strong applicability and high consistency in evaluating the comprehensive performance of athletes. The TOPSIS method performed more well. This approach facilitated a more in-depth and comprehensive representation of table tennis match analysis, providing practical applications for athletes and coaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11892289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of functional training on skill performance and movement quality among skilled youth male tennis players: A cluster randomized control trial.","authors":"Wensheng Xiao, Te Bu, Feida Zhao, Junlong Zhang, Xiaorong Bai, Soh Kim Geok","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01085-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01085-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Functional training to improve athletes' technical performance and movement quality is becoming increasingly popular, but few studies have focused on young tennis players. The aims of this study were to compare the effects of 12 weeks of functional training on skilled youth male tennis players' skill performance and movement quality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty skilled youth male tennis players were assigned to the functional training group (n = 20) or the control training group (n = 20). The control group received a traditional resistance training program by their coach, whereas the functional training group was given Santana's Racket Sports Program. Each group received 60-minute training sessions three times per week for 12 weeks. At baseline (T0), after six weeks (T6), and after 12 weeks (T12), the participants' skill performance was measured according to the International Tennis Federation's protocol, and movement quality was measured according to the functional movement screening assessment recommended by Gray Cook. The data were analyzed via a generalized estimation equation model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed that there were no significant differences in skill performance or movement quality between the groups at baseline (p > 0.05), but there were significant differences in those variables between the groups after 6 weeks of the intervention and 12 weeks of the intervention (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results indicate that the functional training model seems to be more effective than the traditional resistance training model in terms of increasing athletic skill performance and movement quality. The inclusion of functional training as part of an athlete's training routine is highly recommended, as it has proven to be an effective method for improving skill performance and movement quality.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ISRCTN67565717, registered 26/07/2024, retrospectively registered.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11889926/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143587222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of blood flow restriction moderate intensity interval training on aerobic and anaerobic capabilities and lower extremity performance in male college basketball players.","authors":"Lunxin Chen, Zhanming Zhang, Wenhao Qu, Wenwei Huang, Jian Sun, Xiaoping Duan, Duanying Li","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01100-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01100-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated whether blood flow restriction moderate-intensity interval training (BFR-MIIT) could achieve or surpass the training effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) at lower training intensities. A total of 33 male college basketball players completed the trial and were randomly assigned to the BFR-MIIT group (n = 17) and the HIIT group (n = 16). Both groups performed the 4 × 4 \"Norwegian\" training method, with the BFR-MIIT group engaging in moderate-intensity training and the HIIT group in high-intensity training. Assessments included the Wingate Anaerobic Power Test, the multistage 20-meter shuttle run test, and tests of jumping ability (countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), and drop jump (DJ)), sprinting ability (30-meter sprint), and change of direction ability (505 test). Post-intervention, both the BFR-MIIT group (p < 0.001, ES=-1.199) and the HIIT group (p = 0.02, ES=-0.526) showed significant and equivalent improvements in VO_2max. However, neither group significantly improved peak power (PP) or relative peak power (PP/kg). The BFR-MIIT group demonstrated superior improvements in lower extremity performance compared to the HIIT group in CMJ (p = 0.007; ES=-0.570), SJ (p < 0.001; ES=-0.537), DJ (p < 0.001; ES=-0.805), and the 505 test (p < 0.001; ES = 1.708). Additionally, across four measurements of the Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE), the BFR-MIIT group reported significantly lower RPE than the HIIT group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, compared to HIIT, BFR-MIIT can achieve equivalent improvements in aerobic capacity at lower training intensities and perceived exertion while yielding better improvements in lower extremity performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11889921/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143586894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Parkinson's disease, dual-tasking reduces gait smoothness during the straight-walking and turning-while-walking phases of the Timed Up and Go test.","authors":"Antonio Caronni, Maurizio Amadei, Lorenzo Diana, Gaia Sangalli, Stefano Scarano, Laura Perucca, Viviana Rota, Nadia Bolognini","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01068-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01068-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dual-task walking is used as a treatment, for gait assessment, and as an outcome measure in Parkinson's disease (PD). Movement smoothness, i.e. its non-intermittency, is a movement cardinal feature. This study assesses whether dual-tasking reduces gait smoothness in PD alongside reducing speed, one of its well-known effects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, instrumented with an inertial sensor fixed to the back, was administered to 33 PD patients (15 females; age: median = 71 years; IQR = 10) to assess two walking types: straight-walking and turning-while-walking. The TUG test was completed in single-task and two dual-task modalities: cognitive (doing successive subtractions) and motor (holding a water glass). The angular speed spectral arc length metric (SPARC) and the Ln-DimensionLess Jerk (LDLJ), two smoothness measures quantifying the peaks and dips in the speed profile, were measured, along with the trunk angular velocity and the foot strikes number. ANOVA was used for hypothesis testing and estimated marginal means for post-hoc tests and effect sizes (ES).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In straight-walking and turning, cognitive and motor dual tasks decreased gait speed (ES range = [0.476, 1.379]; p < 0.01) and increased the step number (ES = [0.402, 0.927]; p < 0.05). SPARC (ES = [0.221, 0.493]; p < 0.05) and angular LDLJ (ES = [0.451, 0.929]; p < 0.01) were lower in the two dual-task conditions in both phases, indicating reduced gait smoothness than in single-task. This worsening of gait smoothness was partially confirmed after ruling out the dual-task effect on speed and step number. In particular, anterior-posterior SPARC during turning was still low in cognitive (ES = 0.351; p < 0.01) and motor (ES = 0.283; p < 0.05) dual tasks.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In PD, dual-tasking decreases gait speed and increases the step number when walking straight and turning while walking. Independently of these effects, dual-tasking also reduces gait smoothness. As an independent feature of movement, when dual-task walking is the outcome measure, improving smoothness may represent a novel treatment aim in PD. As long as it is instrumented with an inertial sensor, the TUG test is valuable for studying different walking types.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>NCT05904171 (ClinicalTrials.gov; date registration: 2023-06-06).</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11887220/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143587366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of exercise-related leg pain, fear of pain, kinesiophobia, and injury anxiety in athletes.","authors":"Erkan Bingöl, Kadir Tiryaki, İsmet Tümtürk, Fatih Özden","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01079-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01079-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the relationship between exercise-induced leg pain, fear of pain, kinesiophobia and injury anxiety in amateur and professional athletes. Secondarily, the present study also aimed to investigate the relationship between women or men athletes and individual or team sports.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted with a total of 304 athletes. Participants were categorized as amateur and professional athletes, male and female athletes, individual and team athletes. Participants were evaluated with Exercise Induced Leg Pain Questionnaire (EILP), Fear of Pain Questionnaire (FOPQ), Sports Injury Anxiety Scale (SIAS), and Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK). Parametric tests were used for statistical analysis. A statistical significance level of 0.05 was chosen.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fear of pain and anxiety about sports injury were significantly less in men (p < 0.05). Loss of social support for sports injury anxiety was less in women (p < 0.05). Anxiety about sports re-injury was less in professional athletes (p < 0.05). Anxiety about letting down important Others and loss of social support were greater in team sports (p < 0.05). Besides, there was a positive, moderate, and significant correlation between the Fear of Pain Questionnaire- III Total and Tampa scale for kinesiophobia (r = 0.411, p < 0.01). Finally, a positive, moderate and significant correlation was found between Sport Injury Anxiety Scale Total and Tampa scale for kinesiophobia (r = 0.579, p < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Exercise and movement were associated with psychological parameters related to injury and pain in athletes. Female athletes were found to have more injury anxiety and fear of pain. In addition, amateur athletes have more injury anxiety. Besides, injury anxiety was found to be higher in individuals in team sports. Future studies may further investigate these groups who are more disadvantaged in terms of anxiety, fear of pain and kinesiophobia. In addition, clinicians should pay attention to the criteria for a biopsychosocial approach by choosing appropriate descriptive phrases to avoid exacerbating athletes' anxiety.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11884190/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Partial versus full range of motion triceps strength training on shooting accuracy among recreational basketball players: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Imtiyaz Ali Mir, Muhammad Noh Zulfikri Mohd Jamali, Syeda Humayra, Kum Weng Chong, Tarun Amalnerkar, Mohamed Sherif Sirajudeen","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01060-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01060-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The benefits of strength training on shooting accuracy in football players and other athletes are well known, but its effectiveness in improving shooting accuracy among basketball players remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of partial range of motion (PROM) and full range of motion (FROM) triceps strength training on stationary three-point shooting test (S3P) among recreational basketball players.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a single-blinded randomized controlled trial. 30 participants were randomly assigned into 3 equal groups; FROM, PROM, and control (CON). Triceps strength training was carried out using an adjustable overhead cable crossover machine. With shoulders over-head flexed to 160-180° for both experimental groups, the FROM group performed strength training from full elbow flexion to full extension. In contrast, the PROM group worked at a restricted range, between 60°-110° elbow flexion/extension. Both groups engaged in 4 sets of 10 repetitions, 2 sessions/week for 4-weeks at 67% of 1 repetition maximum, while the CON group did not participate in any exercise program. S3P was assessed at baseline and at the end of 4-weeks intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants mean age (20.20 ± 1.54 years), height (1.74 ± 0.61 m), and body mass index (22.55 ± 3.31) were descriptively analysed. Within group analysis showed a significant improvement of S3P in both FROM (p = 0.0345, 95% CI = -1.50 to -0.07, ES = 0.81) and PROM (p = 0.005, 95% CI = -2.44 to -0.97, ES = 2.40) compared to CON group (p = 0.8995, 95% CI = -0.61 to 0.68, ES = 0.05). Group-by-time interaction demonstrated PROM to be more promising (p = 0.0102, 95% CI = -1.70 to 0.21) than the FROM and CON groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PROM triceps strength training improves shooting accuracy and is a time-efficient technique highly recommended for basketball players.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04128826, registered on 14/10/2019 - retrospectively, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04128826 .</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11884187/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How did match running performance change after an extra time match during FIFA 2022 World Cup and 2023 Women`s World Cup?","authors":"Xiaobin Wei, Nianci Wang, Rongqiang Pu, Paweł Chmura, Peter Krustrup","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01065-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01065-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to explore the changing characteristics of running performance before and after extra time matches (ET) at the World Cup under new substitution rules and in special seasonal periods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Match running data of starting players who played ET compared to matches before and after the ET matches from the FIFA 2022 World Cup and the FIFA 2023 Women's World Cup were used for the analysis by using repeated-measures ANOVA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most of the relative running distance per minute for the ET match was lower than the pre and post ET match in both men and women World Cups. However, no significant differences (p > 0.05) were found between pre and post ET matches neither in men's nor women's World Cups, except total distance and low speed running distance per minute for men`s football (p < 0.05). Significant interaction effects of gender × match (ET/Post-ET) were found in total distance, walking and jogging distance, low speed running distance and high-speed running distance per min (p < 0.05). In contrast, no significant interaction effects were found in moderate speed running distance, sprint distance, number of high-speed running bouts, number of sprints per min and top speed (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present findings revealed that players display limited fatigue and can maintain running performance in the match after extra time matches across both genders during World Cups with 4-5 days between matches. Coaches should continue to focus on approaches to reduce fatigue and speeding up athlete recovery after extra time matches in international tournaments.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11883913/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the moderating role of physical fitness on the relationship between ice and snow sports participation and health outcomes in China.","authors":"Wenbo Song, Jiajia Cui","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01073-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01073-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The study examines how ice and snow sports participation, fitness, perceived social support, and access to winter sports facilities affect health outcomes in China. Understanding winter sports' health benefits is essential for improving public health in colder parts of China, where their popularity is rising.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A sample of 875 Chinese from various regions was used to examine variable relationships using structural equation modeling (SEM) and route analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Health outcomes, fitness, winter sports facilities, and ice and snow sports participation were positively associated. A significant correlation (β = 0.22, p < 0.001) was established between ice and snow sports participation and physical fitness, highlighting the impact of winter sports on health. Perceived social support for winter sports improves cold weather tolerance (β = 0.27, p < 0.001), emphasizing the role of social networks in resilience. The correlation between physical fitness and access to winter sports facilities (β = 0.31, p < 0.001) highlights the importance of physical talents in winter sports participation. Positive associations between physical fitness (β = 0.25, p < 0.001) and winter sports social support (β = 0.19, p < 0.001) suggest favorable health and well-being impacts. Physical fitness moderates the health benefits of ice and snow sports participation (β = 0.12, p < 0.05), whereas perceived social support for winter sports mediates the effect (β = 0.09, p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings emphasize the importance of supporting ice and snow activities and providing infrastructure to promote health. Physical fitness and improved health outcomes on social support can improve winter sports benefits. Public health initiatives may leverage this information to encourage active living and enhance health.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11877848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}