BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation最新文献

{"title":"Exercise-induced changes in insulin sensitivity, atherogenic index of plasma, and CTRP1/CTRP3 levels: the role of combined and high-intensity interval training in overweight and obese women.","authors":"Fatemeh Shahiddoust, Amir Abbas Monazzami","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01123-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-025-01123-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity, defined as excessive body fat accumulation, is closely linked to an increased risk of metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and insulin resistance. This study investigates the effects of combined training (CT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on insulin sensitivity, atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), and serum levels of C1q/TNF-related proteins (CTRP1 and CTRP3) in overweight and obese women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-three overweight and obese women (aged 18-50 years) were randomly divided into three groups: control (CON, n = 10), HIIT(n = 9), and combined training (CT, n = 10). The HIIT protocol consisted of intervals performed at 100% of maximum aerobic velocity (MAV) and rest intervals at 50% of MAV, with a 30-s work-to-rest ratio. The CT sessions included RT followed by AT. RT comprised seven exercises performed in three sets of 10-16 repetitions at 60-75% of one-repetition maximum (1RM). AT involved running for 15-30 min at 60-75% of heart rate reserve. Subjects trained three times per week. Body composition, biochemical, and functional assessments were conducted 48 h before and after the interventions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Body mass index 1.3% and 2% (p = 0.001); TG 1.7%, 1.2% (p = 0.001);LDL 0.93%,0.83% (p = 0.012); HOMA-IR 9.5%,11.7% (p = 0.018); AST 4.2%,11.7% (p = 0.001); ALT 9.3%,10.9% (p = 0.001); 1RM 2.5%, 14.2% (p = 0.001); and maximum oxygen consumption 8%,2.4% (p = 0.001) showed significant improvements in both the HIIT and CT groups,resectively. Additionally, serum levels of CTRP 10.47%,0.34% (p = 0.007); and CTRP3 1.51%,1.53% (p = 0.011) significantly decreased in the HIIT and CT groups,resectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results suggest that HIIT and CT are effective strategies for improving body composition, lipid profile, glycemic control, liver enzyme levels, and functional capacity. Moreover, both exercise modalities were associated with reduced serum levels of the adipokines CTRP1 and CTRP3, highlighting a potential link between these biomarkers and improvements in body composition, lipid profile, glycemic control, and liver enzyme levels.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Registered retrospectively in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20241207063967 N1) on 18/01/2025. Access at https:// https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir/trial/80615 .</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"73"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of ground reaction forces and spatiotemporal gait parameters in older adults with sway-back posture and chronic low back pain: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Fatemeh Esmaeilpour, Amir Letafatkar, Mohammad Taghi Karimi, Mehdi Khaleghi, Giacomo Rossettini, Jorge Hugo Villafañe","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01126-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-025-01126-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gait alterations associated with postural deviations are a significant factor contributing to functional limitations in older adults. Among these, sway-back posture has been linked to chronic low back pain (CLBP), defined as pain persisting for more than three months. This study aimed to analyze ground reaction forces (GRFs), loading and unloading rates, spatiotemporal gait parameters, and the asymmetry index (ASI) in older adults with sway-back posture and CLBP (SBCLBP) without adjusting for walking speed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 36 older adults were included and categorized into three groups: 12 with SBCLBP, 12 with CLBP without sway-back posture, and 12 without CLBP. GRFs and spatiotemporal gait parameters-including stride time, cadence, stride length, gait speed, and stance phase duration-were recorded for all participants. GRFs were analyzed at the anteroposterior peaks during heel contact (Fx1) and push-off (Fx2) phases, as well as at the vertical force peaks at heel contact (Fy1), mid-stance (Fy2), and push-off (Fy3) phases. Additionally, mediolateral force peaks (Fz) during heel contact were assessed. The ASI was calculated for all participants. Between-group differences were examined using one-way ANOVA and ANCOVA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cadence, stride length, gait speed, and Fy2 values were significantly lower in the SBCLBP and CLBP groups compared to the control group. Additionally, these parameters were significantly lower in the SBCLBP group than in the CLBP group. However, the loading rate demonstrated greater variability across participants. No significant differences in ASI were observed among the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Older adults with SBCLBP exhibit distinct gait characteristics compared to those with CLBP alone and those without CLBP. These differences may be attributed to structural postural alterations, distinguishing this subgroup from individuals with isolated CLBP. These findings underscore the need for targeted rehabilitation strategies tailored to the specific biomechanical alterations observed in this population. Future research should focus on optimizing intervention protocols to enhance stability and mitigate pain-related gait impairments associated with aging.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Current Controlled Trials using the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry website with ID number of, UMIN000055653 \"Retrospectively registered\" at 27/09/2024.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"71"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of aerobic training on brachial artery flow-mediated dilation in healthy adults: a meta-analysis of inter-individual response differences in randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Armin H Paravlic, Kristina Drole","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01124-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-025-01124-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to investigate: (a) the effects of aerobic training (AT) on brachial artery endothelial function, measured by flow-mediated dilatation (_baFMD) and whether changes in _baFMD are associated with changes in other cardiovascular health markers in healthy adults; (b) whether intra-individual response differences (IIRD) in _baFMD improvement exist following AT; and (c) the association between participants' baseline characteristics and exercise-induced changes in _baFMD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The search conducted across six databases (PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and EBSCOhost) identified 12 eligible studies. We conducted both traditional meta-analyses identifying the effects of the intervention and IIRD. IIRD meta-analysis was performed to assess if true IIRD between AT and the control group exists for _baFMD. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed by the PEDro scale, while GRADE assessment was used for certainty of evidence evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 12 studies with 385 participants (51% male, 46.3 ± 17.3 [years]) were included in the current review. Meta-analysis revealed improvement in _baFMD post-AT (small MD = 1.92%, 95% CI 0.90 to 2.94, p = 0.001). The standard deviation of change scores in the intervention and control groups suggests that most of the variation in the observed change from pre-to-post intervention is due to other factors (e.g., measurement error, biological variability etc.) unrelated to the intervention itself. However, subgroup meta-analysis revealed that significantly trivial IIRD exists following AT in prehypertensive individuals.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study found small improvements in _baFMD, suggesting an average 19.2% reduction in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, with some individuals-such as prehypertensive individuals-potentially experiencing even greater benefits from AT. However, a meta-analysis based on IIRD suggests that factors unrelated to AT predominantly explain _baFMD changes. Further research is needed to better understand response variability in individuals with cardiovascular risk factors, and longer studies are required to assess IIRD in the general population.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"72"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance with an additional load: formula-based predictions for controlling the load intensity when carrying backpacks.","authors":"Saskia Klughardt, Bettina Schaar","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01111-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01111-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Endurance-specific activities in diverse terrains, including alpine regions, necessitate the transportation of supplementary equipment, thereby necessitating an adaptation of the load intensity. To ascertain the impact of these loads on acute endurance performance and load intensity, it was essential to conduct tests with additional loads to predict the individual reaction to carrying additional loads on performance. The formulas derived in this study facilitate the prediction of exercise adaptation when carrying additional loads.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to develop and validate a formula-based prediction of performance adaptation when carrying additional loads to guide load intensities and training instructions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The 105 participants, 54 male and 51 female, had a mean age of 23.7 years, a mean height of 174.0 cm, a mean weight of 71.7 kg, and an aerobic capacity of 48.6 mL/kg/min-1. Two treadmill ramp tests were conducted in a laboratory setting, with and without additional loads, to assess the adaptation of cardiopulmonary parameters. Both tests were conducted at 4 km/h and an incline of 1%, with the speed increasing by 1 km/h each minute until the subject reported feeling exhausted. The statistical analysis was conducted via stepwise linear regression. The formulas were validated with an independent t-test on an additional dataset, and the equivalence was determined with a two-sided test (TOST).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on these tests, regressions were calculated for speed (p < 0.001) and heart rate (p < 0.001) with additional loads, and formulas were derived to predict the adaptations of heart rate and speed to additional loads. The results revealed that the backpack weight, sex, and individual parameters without load were the most accurate predictors of performance with additional load carriage (p < 0.001). The validation of the formulas, using a sample of N = 64, was statistically equivalent.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The formulas can predict the adaptation of running speeds and heart rates at the ventilatory thresholds with different additional loads. This is useful for controlling optimal load intensities in endurance performance with additional loads, to prevent overstraining. This is particularly relevant in mountain sports or military marches, where optimizing loads and mitigating falls due to overstraining is crucial.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"70"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11969823/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143789150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing the minimal important difference of the visual analog scale for assessing exercise-induced fatigue.","authors":"Jianyu Gan, Gengxin Dong, Yilin Xu, Yan Chen, Yunqing Zhang, Qi Gao, Dapeng Bao","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01122-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01122-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exercise-induced fatigue is a physiological state characterized by performance decline. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) is one of the most commonly used subjective methods for evaluating exercise-induced fatigue. However, there is a limited interpretation of how much a change in this method indicates a fatigue status that matters to the exercise performance due to the lack of a well-established minimal important difference (MID).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study is a secondary analysis of data from three trials. We analyzed individual participant data before and after exercise-induced fatigue. Anchor-based methods were used to determine the MID of the VAS for fatigue, using Countermovement Jump (CMJ) height as an anchor. Specifically, the MID was calculated using mean change, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and linear regression methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data from 71 participants (80.28% male, 22.85 ± 2.51 years), corresponding to 230 person-time measurements, were included in this analysis. The CMJ height fulfilled the requirements to be used as an anchor. MIDs for mean change, ROC curve, and linear regression analysis were 48.51, 44.13, and 43.08, respectively. The Youden's Index indicated that the MID calculated by the mean change method was the most relevant and reliable in distinguishing between fatigued and non-fatigued states.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study establishes a MID (48.51) for interpreting changes in VAS scores. Future research utilizing VAS to assess exercise-induced fatigue should not only consider statistical differences but also examine whether the changes meet the MID threshold to interpret the actual impact of interventions.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR), Registration Number: ChiCTR2500095599 (Retrospectively registered; registration date: 09/01/2025).</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"69"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11969829/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143789147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of anthropometric-based predictive equations for tracking fat mass over a competitive season in elite female soccer players: a validation study.","authors":"Giulia Baroncini, Francesco Campa, Priscilla Castellani Tarabini, Alberto Sala, Lorenzo Boldrini, Stefano Mazzoni, Antonio Paoli","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01115-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01115-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Body fat is a key body composition parameter monitored in soccer. Identifying reliable alternatives to laboratory techniques for assessing body fat during the competitive period is essential. This study aimed to evaluate the cross-sectional and longitudinal validity of anthropometric prediction equations in elite female soccer players.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighteen female soccer players (age: 26.6 [3.8] years; height: 168 [6.3] cm; body mass: 64.1 [7.4] kg; body mass index: 22.7 [1.9] kg/m²) from an Italian Serie A team were assessed at four time points during a competitive season. Fat mass was estimated using anthropometric equations by Evans and Warner and compared to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), which served as the reference method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cross-sectional agreement analysis revealed a bias of -4.5% with Warner's equation, while Evans's equation showed no bias compared to DXA, with coefficient of determination (R²) values of 0.69 and 0.70, respectively. Both methods showed a negative association (Evans: r = -0.53, Warner: r = -0.63) when the difference between the values and the mean with DXA were correlated. Longitudinal agreement analysis showed no significant differences in fat mass changes between the anthropometric equations and DXA, with R² values ranging from 0.68 to 0.83. The 95% limits of agreement between the methods for individual changes in fat mass ranged from - 3.3 to 3.2%. Furthermore, no significant changes (p > 0.05) in fat mass were observed over the season with any method.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>At the group level, Evans's equation provides valid estimates of fat mass, whereas it may overestimate values in players with low body fat and underestimate them in those with high fat mass. The Warner equation showed the same trend as Evans at the individual level, also resulting in poor accuracy at the group level. Despite this, both anthropometric equations are valid alternatives to DXA for monitoring fat mass changes during the season, with Evans's equation showing superior overall performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"68"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11967043/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of speed, agility, and quickness training on athletic performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Min Sun, Kim Geok Soh, Shudian Cao, Azhar Bin Yaacob, Shuzhen Ma, Cong Ding","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01101-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01101-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous studies have demonstrated the effects of SAQ training on sprint, change-of-direction, and jump performance in soccer players. However, further research is needed to assess its broader impact on different athletic populations and performance metrics. This study aims to expand the existing evidence by incorporating a wider range of outcomes and providing a more comprehensive analysis of SAQ training effects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A thorough search of databases, including Web of Science Core, SPORTDiscus, PubMed, and SCOPUS, was conducted, with data up to July 2024. The PEDro scale assessed study quality and RevMan 5.3 evaluated bias risk. Effect sizes (ES) were calculated from means and standard deviations, with heterogeneity assessed using the I² statistic. Publication bias was evaluated using an extended Egger test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven RCTs involving 499 healthy athletes from sports such as soccer, basketball, tennis, and handball met the inclusion criteria. The SAQ interventions lasted between 4 and 12 weeks, with a frequency of two to three sessions per week. The analysis revealed significant improvements in 5-meter sprint (ES = 0.63, p < 0.01), 20-meter sprint (ES = 0.49, p < 0.01), 30-meter sprint (ES = 0.55, p = 0.015), change of direction (COD) performance (ES = 0.39, p < 0.01), reaction time (ES = 0.52, p = 0.01), lower limb power (ES = 0.96, p < 0.01), and flexibility (ES = 0.57, p < 0.01), with effect sizes ranging from small to moderate. Subgroup analysis indicated that only session duration had a near-significant effect on COD performance (≤ 60 min: ES = 0.58; >60 min: ES = 0.24; p = 0.059).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SAQ training effectively enhances sprint performance, COD ability, reaction time, lower limb strength, and flexibility, with effect sizes ranging from small to moderate. The findings suggest that shorter training durations (≤ 60 min) may be more beneficial for improving COD performance, although this effect did not reach statistical significance. Further trials are recommended to determine the optimal training dosage, along with high-quality studies covering a broader range of sports, particularly in athletes aged 14 to 18.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"66"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963327/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of time of day and menstrual cycle on physical performance and psychological responses in elite female Tunisian volleyball players.","authors":"Meher Seddik, Mohamed Mansour Bouzourraa, Halil İbrahim Ceylan, Jaouher Hamaidi, Hatem Ghouili, Hamdi Chtourou, Noomen Guelmami, Ismail Dergaa, Raul Ioan Muntean, Nizar Souissi","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01117-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01117-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The influence of circadian rhythms and menstrual cycle phases on athletic performance and psychological responses is critical for optimizing training and competition strategies for female athletes. This study aimed to investigate the effects of time of day and menstrual cycle phases on the physical performance and psychological responses of elite female Tunisian volleyball players.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirteen elite female volleyball players were assessed during three different phases of their menstrual cycle (menstrual, follicular, and luteal) and at two different times of day (morning and evening). Physical performance was evaluated using the Modified Agility Test (MAT), Reactive Agility Test (RAT), and Repeated Sprint Ability (RSA) Test. Psychological responses were measured using the Profile of Mood States (POMS), Hooper's Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Vis-Morgen Questionnaire, and Spiegel Questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant effects of menstrual cycle, time of day, and competition on physical performance, cognitive function, mood, and sleep parameters were found. Physical performance, including the Countermovement Jump (CMJ), the Modified Agility T-test (MAT) and the Reactive Agility test (RAT), was higher in the afternoon than in the morning across all menstrual phases (CMJ: p < 0.001, η² = 0.836; MAT: p < 0.001, η² = 0.777; RAT: p < 0.001, η² = 0.859). After the competition, performance decreased significantly, especially in the follicular and luteal phases. As measured by the Stroop test, cognitive function showed significant diurnal effects (p < 0.001, η² = 0.910), with pre-competition performance being better in the afternoon. Mood disturbances (POMS) increased after the competition, especially in the morning and during the luteal phase (p < 0.001, η² = 0.961). Sleep parameters were significantly influenced by time and menstrual cycle, with higher fatigue (Hooper score: p < 0.001, η² = 0.754) and poorer sleep quality (PSQI: p < 0.001, η² = 0.627) in the morning, especially after the competition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results suggest that aligning high-intensity training and competitions with afternoon circadian peaks may enhance physical and cognitive performance in elite female athletes. Recovery strategies and workload adjustments should account for menstrual phases, particularly reducing morning demands during the luteal phase to mitigate fatigue and mood disruptions. Integrating circadian timing with menstrual cycle monitoring offers a practical, evidence-based approach to optimize athlete readiness and resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"67"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963659/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143774530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of the video assistant referee on the UEFA European Championship.","authors":"Rui Bao, Miguel Ángel Gómez Ruano, Ruixia Shi, Xinpu Wang, Bo Han","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01118-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01118-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Video Assistant Referee (VAR) as a high-tech aid was introduced into football in 2018 to enhance the officiating accuracy of referees. At the 2020 UEFA European Championship, VAR was used for the first time. This study aims to investigate the impact of VAR on the UEFA European Championship.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sample includes all matches of EURO 2016 (without VAR, n = 51) and EURO 2020 (with VAR, n = 51), in a total of 102 matches. For each game, nine VAR-related variables were recorded: goals, penalties, red cards, yellow cards, fouls, offsides, first-half game time, second-half game time and total game time. The tournaments pre and post the introduction of VAR were compared using a Mann-Whitney U test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of this study revealed that the introduction of VAR led to a significant increase in the first-half match time (Z = 2.52, p = 0.012, ES = 0.13), the second-half match time (Z = 2.80, p = 0.005, ES = 0.16), total game time (Z = 3.74, p < 0.001, ES = 0.28) and the number of goals (Z = 2.25, p = 0.024, ES = 0.10), whereas a significant decrease in yellow cards (Z=-2.55, p = 0.011, ES = 0.13) was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of this study may have practical implications for optimizing VAR-related implementation regulations and the referee's officiating strategies at the UEFA European Championship competitions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11956465/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143755263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the impact of physical exercise regimens on health-related quality of life following oesophageal or gastric cancer surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Kenneth Färnqvist, Kalle Mälberg, Asif Johar, Anna Schandl, Monika Fagevik Olsén, Pernilla Lagergren","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01089-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01089-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the effectiveness and adverse events of postoperative physical exercise on health-related quality of life (HRQL) in patients who have undergone surgery for oesophageal or gastric cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis and reported it according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. (PRISMA) guidelines. Randomised controlled trials (RCT) that investigated HRQL factors following physical exercise interventions in patients undergoing oesophageal or gastric cancer surgery were included. Studies including participants who had undergone oesophagectomy or gastrectomy for cancer, of either sex and were 18 years or older were included. Participants with other cancers were excluded. Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PEDro, and trial registries were searched for studies from inception until February 2025. Results were synthesised using meta-analyses. Two independent reviewers assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane risk of bias tool 2.0, and the grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) was used to evaluate the overall certainty of the evidence. PROSPERO ID CRD42022358493.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three studies enrolling 284 patients undergoing oesophagectomy were included, of which two were assessed at high risk of bias and one at some concerns. The global quality of life score from the European Organisation for Research and Rreatment of Cancer (EORTC) quality of life questionnaire Cancer QLQ-C30 was used to assess HRQL in all the included studies. The score ranges from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating a better HRQL. Physical exercise therapy had no discernible impact on HRQL compared to the control group (mean difference 0.77 [95% CI -4.36, 5.90]. However, the quality of evidence was very low, which should be considered when interpreting the results as they can differ substantially from the true effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We found a significant lack of information about the effects of post-surgery physical exercise compared to standard care in patients who have undergone oesophagectomy or gastrectomy for cancer. Based on the current very low certainty evidence, the effectiveness on HRQL and the safety of postoperative physical exercise in patients treated with oesophagectomy for cancer is uncertain. We found no studies investigating gastric cancer and exercise.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"64"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11955135/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}