BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation最新文献

{"title":"The effects of reformer pilates on postural alignment, body appreciation and social appearance anxiety in office workers.","authors":"Zarife Taştan, Neşe Genç, Abdullah Demirli, Burcu Güvendi, Ceren Ağaoğlu, Yaren Duman, Berra Aslan, Serhat Gürgen","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01338-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01338-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>With the increasing prevalence of sedentary work life, misalignments in postural alignment and psychosocial health problems have become common among office workers. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a reformer Pilates exercise program on postural alignment, body appreciation, and social appearance anxiety in sedentary office employees.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A one-group pretest-posttest experimental design was used. The sample consisted of 22 desk-based office workers (14 females, 8 males) selected through convenience sampling. Postural alignment, body appreciation, and social appearance anxiety were assessed using the New York Posture Rating Scale, the Body Appreciation Scale, and the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale, respectively. Participants completed 60-minute reformer Pilates sessions twice a week for 8 weeks. Pre- and post-intervention measurements were compared using paired samples t-tests. Effect sizes (Cohen's d) were also calculated to assess the magnitude of changes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 8-week reformer Pilates program led to significant improvements in postural alignment (p < 0.001, large effect), increased body appreciation (p < 0.01, moderate effect), and reduced social appearance anxiety (p < 0.001, large effect) among participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Reformer Pilates appears to improve postural alignment, body appreciation, and social appearance anxiety in sedentary office workers. Incorporating such programs into workplace wellness initiatives may help enhance physical and psychosocial well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12482582/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145193215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The overlooked risk in drop jump protocols: higher body weight as a catalyst for increased muscle damage.","authors":"Batuhan Yeniyol, Serkan Pancar, Yusuf Soylu, Yakup Zühtü Bırıncı, Melike Nur Eroğlu, Valentín E Fernández-Elías","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01330-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01330-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study was to determine whether muscle damage induced by a drop jump (DJ) protocol differs based on individuals' body weight and body mass index (BMI) levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>50 participants were categorized into two groups: normal weight (BMI: 20.50 ± 1.84) and overweight (BMI: 26.34 ± 2.59). DJ protocol was implemented. Group comparisons were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test, and associations between variables were assessed via Spearman correlation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant difference was found in LDH-pre values between groups (p = .058). However, Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were significantly higher in the overweight group both immediately post-exercise (p = .044) and at 24 h post-exercise (p = .010). As significant baseline differences in Creatine Kinase-pre (CK) values were identified, group comparisons were based on percentage changes. CK change ratios were significantly greater in the overweight group across all comparisons: pre/post (p < .001), 24 h/post (p = .013), and 24 h/pre (p < .001). Body weight correlated positively with CK levels at all time points (pre: p = .001; post and 24 h: p < .001), as did BMI (pre: p = .037; post and 24 h: p < .001). Similar positive correlations were observed between body weight and LDH (pre: p = .009; post: p = .001; 24 h: p = .037), and between BMI and LDH (pre: p = .031; post: p < .001; 24 h: p = .022).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>DJ protocol does not produce a uniform muscle damage response across individuals with different body weights and BMIs. Participants with higher body weight exhibited significantly greater enzymatic markers of muscle damage, suggesting that increased body weight and BMI may amplify mechanical load and physiological stress during plyometric activity.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>The study was approved by the institutional ethics committee and registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Registration Date: 2025-06-23, Identifier: NCT07046598).</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"278"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12482553/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145193272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of thera-band resistance training on diabetic patients with frailty syndrome.","authors":"Min Ye, Qinya Zhu, Huiping Yang, Lei Zhang, Xuejiao Cai","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01350-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01350-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases globally, and most patients suffer from a combination of frailty syndrome (FS) that severely affect their quality of life. To evaluate the effect of Thera-Band elastic band-assisted progressive resistance-exercise training (PRT) on the physical health of patients with DM complicated by FS, and to provide clinical evidence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with DM complicating FS who received Thera-Band elastic band PRT cases (study group, n = 48), and those who received conventional treatment (control group, n = 48) admitted to Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital from April 2023 to March 2024 were selected for randomized controlled trial (RCT). Blood glucose levels and body function before and after treatment were compared, and patients' handgrip strength (HS) and usual gait speed (UGS) were measured. In addition, the fatigue, resistance, ambulation, illness, and loss of weight (FRAIL) scale and the Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) were used to assess patients' frailty. Their psychological state was also investigated, and adverse reactions during treatment were counted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The research group showed lower blood glucose levels, as well as higher Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) scores and levels of HS and UGS than the control group after treatment (P < 0.05). In addition, the frailty status and psychological status of the research group were also demonstrated significant (P < 0.05), while the incidence of adverse reactions was not different from that of the control group (P > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Thera-Band elastic band-assisted PRT may alleviate frailty in DM patients with FS and shows promise for clinical application.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>www.</p><p><strong>Clinicaltrials: </strong>gov ID NCT06658106 (Data 21/10/2024).</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"284"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12482456/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145193641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a low-cost team performance tracking system.","authors":"Ahmet Aydın, Kerem Tuncay Özgünen, Cemil Keskinoğlu, Emine Nur Talib, Nazlı Yaren Dağ, Ertuğrul Gezgin","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01346-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01346-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sports technologies are increasingly attracting attention and gaining market share. Since athletes' performance directly affects a team's success and financial income, tracking their performance is essential.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, a team performance tracking system was developed and tested with volleyball players. The designed system measured some parameters in 6 volleyball players during an indoor training (18 × 9 m court), such as heart rate, R-R interval, core temperature, and acceleration. These measurements were used to calculate the athletes' internal (heart rate reserve percentage, training impulse) and external (player load, accumulated player load) load parameters and present them to the coach in real-time. The ESP-NOW protocol was employed for high-speed, long-distance data transmission without the need for an external modem, utilizing the microcontroller's built-in Wi-Fi hardware.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Heart rate, R-R interval, core temperature, and acceleration values were acquired simultaneously for 3 h from all team athletes in real time. This allowed for high-frequency, low-cost, real-time monitoring of the athletes' performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The designed system demonstrated its operability and applicability, aiming to enhance team performance and reduce the risk of injury to athletes. The integrated core temperature monitoring provides unique physiological insights unavailable in current commercial systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"281"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12481811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145193654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing autonomic regulation and attention through galvanic skin response and peripheral temperature biofeedback in female volleyball players: a randomized pilot trial.","authors":"Melek Makaracı, Yücel Makaracı","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01344-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01344-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Biofeedback (BFB) is widely used to manage stress and anxiety in competitive athletes; however, its effects on cognitive domains such as attention remain underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a multimodal BFB intervention on autonomic function and sustained attention in female volleyball players.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve national-level female volleyball players were recruited and randomly assigned to either a BFB group (n = 6; M_age: 17.83 ± 0.75 years) or a control group (CG, n = 6; M_age: 17.67 ± 0.52 years) in this randomized pilot trial. The BFB group completed 15 sessions of multimodal BFB training over five weeks, while the CG received no intervention. Autonomic parameters, including galvanic skin response (GSR) and peripheral temperature (PT), were measured before and after the intervention using a BFB device. Sustained attention was assessed using the d2 attention test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ANCOVA results revealed significant improvements in PT (p = 0.020, η² = 0.673) and error percentage on the d2 attention test (p = 0.045, η² = 0.346) for the BFB group compared to the CG. Significant changes were observed in GSR, PT, and d2 attention test parameters from pre- to post- intervention following 15 sessions of BFB training in the BFB group (p < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in the CG (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These preliminary results suggest that a 5-week multimodal BFB (GSR and PT focused) intervention may improve autonomic functions and cognitive performance in competitive female athletes. Further research with larger samples and diverse athletic populations is warranted to support or refute these findings and assess their generalizability.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>The study protocol was retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Registration No: NCT07061834) on 01/07/2025. Ethical approval was obtained from the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University prior to study initiation (Approval No: 02-2024/26; Date: 23/01/2024).</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"274"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12465130/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Promises and perils of generative artificial intelligence: a narrative review informing its ethical and practical applications in clinical exercise physiology.","authors":"Oscar Lederman, Alessandro Llana, James Murray, Robert Stanton, Ritesh Chugh, Darren Haywood, Amanda Burdett, Geoff Warman, Joanne Walker, Nicolas H Hart","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01324-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01324-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"276"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12476038/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of flow state to the discrepancy between perceived exercise intensity and physiological intensity during endurance bike exercise.","authors":"Satoshi Takinami, Yasushi Nakatani, Yumie Ono, Shingo Murakami","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01342-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01342-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The flow phenomenon, achieving a heightened state of concentration, is characterized by an autotelic experience, which may reduce the perception of physical exertion during sports activities. It has been extensively documented in sports and is associated with exceptional performance. However, despite comprehensive descriptions of the autotelic experience in flow, the physiological mechanisms underlying flow remain elusive, limiting its reproducibility and broader application. This study aimed to elucidate the contribution of flow to the discrepancies between perceived exercise intensity and physiological intensity during endurance exercise using an exercise bike.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed specific conditions conducive to flow during endurance exercise on a bicycle ergometer. Flow states were evaluated using a shortened version of the Flow State Scale, whereas subjective perceptions of exercise intensity were measured using the Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE). Physiological responses were monitored by measuring heart rate (HR), oxygen consumption, breathing frequency, ventilation, and oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin levels for changes in cerebral oxygenation at the prefrontal cortex assessed using near-infrared spectroscopy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants were categorized into RPE alleviation and escalation groups to examine individual differences in perceived exertion. RPE changes significantly differed between the two groups (p = 0.0002), despite no significant difference in HR changes (p = 0.36). The discrepancy ratios between perceived and physiological exercise intensity also significantly differed between groups (p = 0.001) and were negatively correlated with flow state levels (r = - 0.56).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings advance our understanding of the physiological and neurological correlates of flow states during physical activity, with potential applications extending beyond sports performance enhancement to domains such as education and arts.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"273"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12465751/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical asymmetries in gastrocnemius stiffness: shear-wave elastography insights into the biomechanics and injury susceptibility of calf muscle strain injuries.","authors":"Yanhui Du, Zhe Pan, Yang Zhang, Fengxue Xuan, Haitao Yu, Bo Wang, Gaofeng Li, Guangchun Li, Weijing Zhang, Fei Chang","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01340-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01340-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>\"Tennis leg\" injuries originate predominantly at the medial gastrocnemius (MG) musculotendinous junction (MTJ). Whether posture-dependent mechanical asymmetries between the MG and lateral gastrocnemius (LG) explain this susceptibility remains unclear. To quantify posture-specific stiffness of gastrocnemius muscle and MTJ with shear-wave elastography (SWE) and to identify mechanical signatures that may predispose the MG to strain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ultrasound data were obtained from 22 calves, resulting in 44 samples, across three ankle positions: neutral, 15° plantarflexion, and 15° dorsiflexion, with the knee in an extended position. Young's modulus was sampled at the muscle belly, the MTJ, and proximal 1 cm and distal 1 cm on both side; each value represented the mean of three trials. Independent t-tests were employed to assess side-to-side differences, while one-way ANOVA (Bonferroni-adjusted, α = 0.05) was utilized to evaluate posture effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across neutral postures, the MG was stiffer than the LG at the muscle belly (P < 0.05), MTJ (P < 0.001), and at the distal 1 cm of MTJ. Dorsiflexion induced the highest stiffness values on both sides, with the MG demonstrating significantly greater stiffness than the LG (P < 0.05). Notably, despite its higher baseline stiffness, the MG showed a smaller contraction-induced percentage increase in stiffness compared to the LG at the MTJ in both plantarflexion (P < 0.05) and dorsiflexion (P < 0.05), indicating a high-stiffness/low-compliance (HNC) profile.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dorsiflexion markedly increases the stiffness of the MG while decreasing its proportion to enhance stiffness during contraction. This HNC behavior emphasizes stress at the in tennis-leg ruptures. SWE-derived HNC measurements may assist in identifying at-risk athletes and customizing preventive measures.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Clinical trial number: not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"275"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12465805/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of kinesiology taping on joint stability during descending stairs in patients with acute ankle injuries.","authors":"Ye Wei, Datao Xu, Zhifeng Zhou, Xiuye Qu, Julien S Baker, Liangliang Xiang, Yaodong Gu","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01321-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01321-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute ankle injuries are common in sports and daily activities. Kinesiology taping enhances lower limb motion patterns, joint stability, and balance during descending stair activity in such patients. The objective of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the biomechanical impacts exerted by a KT group and an ST group on the lower limbs of patients with acute ankle injuries while descending stairs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 27 participants with acute ankle injuries, who underwent biomechanical assessment under both KT and ST conditions. An integrated Vicon motion capture system, AMTI force platform, and electromyography (EMG) sensors were utilized to comprehensively evaluate biomechanical performance. Participants completed 20 descending stair trials under each condition, with joint stiffness, center of mass (COM), and bone displacement identified as key metrics for assessing stability. Statistical analyses, including paired t-tests and statistical parametric mapping (SPM1D), were employed to identify significant biomechanical differences between the two conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study revealed that compared to ST, kinesiology taping significantly reduced inversion and eversion angles (p < 0.001). Electromyography (EMG) analysis of the KT group revealed a remarkable enhancement in the activation levels of the calf muscle group (p < 0.001). In stark contrast to the ST group, the KT group demonstrated a substantial increase in ankle joint stiffness. Moreover, the KT group also achieved elevation in the activation of the hip muscles, with all these differences being highly significant (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Research shows that individuals with acute ankle joint injuries face issues such as significant inversion and eversion angles, reduced ankle joint stiffness, and persistent joint instability when descending stairs. Kinesiology taping can address these issues by reducing joint angles, increasing stiffness, and balancing moments. KT also stabilizes the center of mass and diminishes fall risks. This demonstrates that kinesiology taping effectively enhances stability during descending stairs and helps prevent recurrent injures. It is recommended as a protective measure following acute ankle injuries.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06936033, registered on April 19, 2025 (Retrospectively registered).</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"271"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12462316/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repetition velocity during the leg and chest press in older adults: influence of starting execution technique.","authors":"Tiago Sousa, Ana Pereira, Diogo Luís Marques, Henrique Pereira Neiva, David Rodríguez-Rosell, Daniel Almeida Marinho, Mário Cardoso Marques","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01326-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01326-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Effectively implementing velocity-monitored resistance training (RT) requires selecting appropriate methodologies, particularly in older adults. The current study compares the differences in repetition velocity patterns with two different starting execution techniques - eccentric-concentric vs. concentric-only - during RT sets in the leg press (LP) and chest press (CP) in older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighteen participants (67% female; 79 ± 10 years) underwent a 6-week intervention, with the first two weeks dedicated to familiarization and load-velocity profiling. From weeks 3 to 6, participants completed two weekly RT sessions, performing two sets of ten repetitions at 40, 50, 60, and 70% of their one-repetition maximum (1RM), only differing in the starting execution techniques.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The eccentric-concentric technique resulted in higher mean velocity values during the first repetition compared to the concentric-only technique across all relative loads in the LP (average difference: 0.09 ± 0.07 m·s^- 1; p < 0.001; g = 0.84) and CP (average difference: 0.07 ± 0.06 m·s^- 1; p < 0.001; g = 0.70). No differences were found between execution techniques in the fastest repetition of the set (all p > 0.05) and the mean velocity of almost all subsequent repetitions throughout the set. The pattern of repetition velocity was more stable with the eccentric-concentric technique (R²: 0.78-0.97) than with the concentric-only technique (R²: 0.01-0.52). The fastest repetition typically occurred in the second repetition (67.5%) under the concentric-only technique, but in the first repetition (42%) under the eccentric-concentric technique.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings indicate that the initial execution technique adopted in resistance machines significantly impacts the mean velocity of the first repetition among older adults, with higher velocities reached using the eccentric-concentric technique. Therefore, velocity-based RT protocols for older adults should account for starting execution techniques in machine exercises to optimize load monitoring and training prescription effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"272"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12465820/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}