BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation最新文献

{"title":"Assessing running stability: a systematic review of methods.","authors":"Cagla Kettner, Nicolai Fleischmann, Thorsten Stein","doi":"10.1186/s13102-026-02062-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-026-02062-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Running stability is increasingly investigated in biomechanics and motor control research. However, the term is operationalized using diverse methods that may reflect different theoretical constructs, which complicates cross-study comparison and interpretation. This systematic methodological review aimed to identify, evaluate, and synthesize quantitative methods used to assess stability during running and to clarify the stability constructs represented by these methods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The review was conducted according to PRISMA 2020 and PERSiST guidelines. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched for English-language studies published or available online from 2000 to the final search date of 17 December 2025. Eligible studies were primary experimental studies involving human running tasks, biomechanical data, and a quantitative stability-related outcome. Non-running tasks, studies without original human running data, non-quantitative studies, modelling or simulation studies, reviews, conference papers, animal studies, and robotic studies were excluded. Methods were synthesized qualitatively and categorized according to their conceptual basis. Reporting quality was assessed using a structured quality assessment tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After screening and eligibility assessment, 43 studies were included. Stability was assessed using only linear methods in 9 studies, only nonlinear methods in 20 studies, combined linear and nonlinear methods in 7 studies, and coordination-based methods in 7 studies. Linear methods mainly quantified the magnitude of variability or discrete features of movement execution. Nonlinear methods primarily characterized the temporal structure of variability through measures of trajectory divergence, signal regularity, temporal correlations, and return behavior. Coordination-based methods examined the functional variability of elemental variables with respect to task-relevant performance variables. Reporting quality was moderate overall, with limited reporting of reliability, the number of analyzed strides, and method-specific processing details.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings show that running stability is not represented by a single universal measure. Instead, different methods capture distinct aspects of movement variability, discrete features of movement execution, perturbation sensitivity, return behavior, or task-related coordination. Future studies should justify method selection according to the stability construct of interest and report key processing parameters to enhance reproducibility, interpretation, and comparability across studies.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This systematic review was registered on the Open Science Framework prior to study screening ( https://osf.io/e73xw ).</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13570515/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148956982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preventing lower limb injuries in women's football: Influence of the Stop X prevention programme on jump performance and isokinetics in professional and young elite-level female football - a prospective observational cohort study.","authors":"Jonas Seiler, Laura Keller, Matthias Rosa, Dominik Gnädinger, Gerrit Bode, Hagen Schmal, Lisa Bode","doi":"10.1186/s13102-026-02064-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-026-02064-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lower limb injuries, particularly anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and thigh injuries, are highly prevalent in women's football, often resulting from sudden changes in direction and poor landing mechanics. Neuromuscular training is critical to address these injury risk factors. This study evaluated the adaptions observed during implementation of the Stop X programme, a specialised neuromuscular training developed by the German Knee Society, on jump performance and isokinetic strength in elite female players.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective observational cohort study, 147 female players (Professional: n = 55, U20: n = 34, U17: n = 58) were monitored during 2022-2024 seasons. Stop X was integrated into the team warm-up (5-6 sessions/week, 15-20 min). Pre-season and in-season assessments included countermovement jump (CMJ), single-leg drop jump (SLDJ), and isokinetic strength testing (60°/s). Non-contact injuries were documented by the medical staff. Statistical analysis compared longitudinal performance changes and baseline values between injured and uninjured players.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant inseason improvements were observed in CMJ and SLDJ performance, with youth elite players (U17/U20) showing the most pronounced gains in reactive strength index (RSI) and jump height. In the U20 group, non-dominant leg propulsive force increased significantly (p = 0.04). Regarding isokinetic strength, tests revealed a significant inseason decline in the functional H/Q ratio (60°/s) for both the dominant (preseason: 0.79 ± 0.15 vs. inseason: 0.75 ± 0.13; p = 0.004) and non-dominant leg (preseason: 0.80 ± 0.14 vs. inseason: 0.76 ± 0.14; p = 0.005), while the conventional H/Q ratio showed no significant changes. Furthermore, matched non-contact injured players exhibited significantly lower in-season conventional H/Q ratios in the dominant leg compared to uninjured players (0.54 vs. 0.59, p = 0.03). ACL-injured players also showed a trend toward increased knee valgus in pre-injury tests (p = 0.06).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Improvements in jump performance and propulsive forces were observed during the implementation of Stop X, providing a crucial performance-based incentive for coach and player compliance. However, the significant in-season decline in functional H/Q ratios indicates the need to refine prevention programmes by integrating more female-centric hamstring exercises alongside jumping and landing technique drills. During the implementation period, a low overall number of injuries was recorded; future randomised controlled trials with precise exposure tracking are warranted to investigate definitive injury reduction rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13576237/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148978071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Position-specific lower extremity performance and machine learning-based injury-risk screening classification in adult male basketball players: a random forest and SHAP approach.","authors":"Erkan Guven, Sinan Seyhan, Gizem Akarsu Tasman, Gorkem Acar, Muhammed Fatih Bilici","doi":"10.1186/s13102-026-02033-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-026-02033-9","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Basketball imposes high position-dependent neuromuscular demands that predispose athletes to lower extremity injuries. Machine learning offers the potential to identify multivariable risk-screening patterns that single-threshold approaches miss. This study aimed to (1) compare position-specific lower extremity performance profiles across five playing positions and (2) develop and explain a Random Forest (RF) classifier of a composite, evidence-based injury-risk screening index in adult male basketball players, interpreted via SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). No injuries were prospectively observed; the outcome is therefore a screening classification and not an observed injury endpoint.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;One hundred adult competitive male basketball players (age 24.5 ± 3.8 years, range 18-30; 20 per position) completed a single-session test battery. Standing height and body mass were measured under standardised conditions immediately before testing, and body mass index (BMI) was computed as body mass (kg) divided by height squared (m²). Performance was assessed with the DeepSport AI-based motion analysis application: countermovement jump height and peak power (CMJ), reactive strength index (RSI), 10-m sprint time, 505 agility time, bilateral single-leg hop distance, and limb asymmetry. Sample size was determined using G*Power 3.1.9.7 (Cohen's f = 0.45, α = 0.05, 1 - β = 0.95) [19]. A multi-factor threshold model defined the binary screening label. Athletes meeting ≥ 2 of five predefined criteria (limb asymmetry &gt; 15%, RSI &lt; 1.8, 10-m sprint &gt; 1.95 s, 505 agility &gt; 5.0 s, BMI &gt; 27 kg/m²) were classified as high-risk; these five variables also appear among the 13 candidate predictors. An RF classifier was tuned by grid search under stratified 5-fold cross-validation with all preprocessing fitted inside each training fold, and benchmarked against logistic regression, a support vector machine and gradient boosting. SHAP values were computed with TreeSHAP on the complete sample (n = 100); out-of-fold permutation importance was used as the primary importance measure. A pre-specified sensitivity analysis re-fitted the model after removing all five label-defining variables.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Sixty athletes (60%) were classified as high-risk and 40 (40%) as low-risk. BMI differed significantly across positions (F = 3.54, p = 0.010, η² = 0.130) as did RSI (F = 2.50, p = 0.048, η² = 0.095). The RF classifier achieved AUC = 0.947, accuracy = 84.0%, sensitivity = 93.3%, specificity = 70.0%, F1 = 87.5% and κ = 0.655 (mean across 10 cross-validation seeds: AUC = 0.930 ± 0.012). Logistic regression performed comparably (AUC = 0.910, accuracy = 87.0%, κ = 0.726), indicating that the additional complexity of the RF yielded only a marginal discrimination gain. When the five label-defining variables were removed, discrimination fell to AUC = 0.683 (accuracy 62.0%, κ = 0.167), quantifying the extent to w","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13615577/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149065228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of an exercise intervention for chemotherapy-related fatigue in patients with gynecologic cancer: a randomized controlled trial with multidimensional assessment.","authors":"Natsuko Kamiya, Yuichi Imai, Yusuke Saigusa, Risa Matsunaga, Aiko Kawano, Tae Mogami, Kanna Takagi, Kazuko Hayashi, Kae Tachibana, Fujiko Sakuma, Tatsuya Matsunaga, Manabu Nonogaki, Takeshi Nakamura, Etsuko Miyagi, Taichi Mizushima","doi":"10.1186/s13102-026-02001-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-026-02001-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although exercise interventions have shown benefits in several cancer populations, evidence during chemotherapy for gynecologic cancers remains limited. This randomized controlled trial evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of a home-based exercise intervention for cancer-related fatigue, quality of life, and physical function in patients undergoing chemotherapy for gynecologic cancers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 110 patients with cervical, endometrial, or ovarian cancer were randomized 1:1 to an exercise or control group during paclitaxel-carboplatin chemotherapy. The home-based intervention comprised 30 min of moderate-intensity walking and squat exercises three times weekly. Participants attended rehabilitation visits every 3 weeks for feedback on safety, appropriate technique, and adherence. Control participants received standard care without exercise instructions but recorded their daily activity. The primary endpoint was change in fatigue measured using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F) subscale. Secondary endpoints included other patient-reported outcomes, physical function, body composition, and adverse events.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-one and 55 patients in the exercise and control groups, respectively, were evaluable. No significant difference in FACIT-F change was observed (LS mean difference: 1.8; 95% CI: - 1.3 to 4.9). Exercise adherence was 76% in the exercise group; 71% of the controls voluntarily exercised at similar levels. Patients with prior exercise habits were more likely to meet exercise criteria (81% vs. 65%; p = 0.07). The exercise group showed better preservation of quadriceps strength; CT revealed reduced psoas muscle mass and increased visceral fat in both groups. Grade ≥ 2 nausea and myalgia were less frequent in the exercise group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although the intervention did not significantly improve fatigue, it was safe, feasible, and associated with preserved lower limb strength and fewer non-hematologic toxicities. High adherence in both groups suggests that exercise during chemotherapy is achievable and well accepted, reflecting strong motivation to remain active, which may also have contributed to control-group contamination and reduced between-group differences. Future studies should refine exercise protocols through digital monitoring and combined nutritional strategies while identifying patient subgroups most likely to benefit during active cancer treatment.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Registered with the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCT; registration number: jRCT1031200069; date: July 16, 2020).</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13576198/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148977992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Badmintonvision: a deep learning framework for automated tactical analysis in elite badminton.","authors":"Yongjie Liang, Yajun Zhou, Gang Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s13102-026-02073-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-026-02073-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tactical analysis in badminton is critical for performance optimization, yet traditional manual video review is time-consuming, subjective, and difficult to scale. Existing deep learning approaches struggle with rapid stroke recognition from single frames and require extensive labelled data. We present BadmintonVision, an integrated framework combining self-supervised learning (SSL), temporal modelling, and tactical analysis for automated badminton analysis. The detection model is pretrained on 139,501 unlabelled images using ConvNeXt V2. We develop MotionFormer, a Transformer-based module processing 10-frame windows (400 ms) to capture complete stroke cycles and construct a dataset of 30,000 expert-annotated images from BWF World Championships (2019-2025) covering five action classes. BadmintonVision achieves 94.1% detection accuracy (mAP@0.5), with SSL pretraining providing a 9.8% relative gain in stroke recognition and temporal modelling providing an additional 6.3% relative gain. Movement analysis reveals that scoring rallies correlate with higher path efficiency (Cohen's d = 1.77) and shorter recovery times (d = - 1.56), though these correlational findings warrant cautious interpretation. In an exploratory, gender-stratified analysis, Markov-chain modelling further suggests preliminary, gender-associated regularities in stroke-transition sequences; given the limited number of games and players analysed, these patterns are descriptive and warrant confirmation in larger, balanced samples. BadmintonVision offers a reproducible approach for quantitative tactical analysis supporting coaching decisions and performance research in elite badminton.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13595539/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149026408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of different training modalities on lower-limb explosive power, acceleration, 20-m sprint performance, and change-of-direction ability in youth soccer players: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.","authors":"Kaiqi Wang, Junhao He, Anjing Zhu, Xuecui Bi","doi":"10.1186/s13102-026-02041-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-026-02041-9","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Youth soccer players repeatedly perform explosive actions, short accelerations, linear sprints, decelerations, and multidirectional movements. However, the comparative effects of different structured physical-conditioning programmes remain uncertain.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Seven databases were searched from inception to 3 July 2026 using a final expanded search strategy encompassing plyometric, strength or resistance, sprint, acceleration, speed, change-of-direction, neuromuscular, multicomponent, and combined training. Randomised controlled trials involving healthy youth soccer players were eligible. Intervention arms were classified using operational, content-based node definitions. Construct-restricted primary networks and expanded sensitivity networks were analysed using frequentist random-effects network meta-analysis. Hedges' adjusted g was preferentially calculated from post-intervention or final-follow-up means, standard deviations, and sample sizes. Estimates were presented so that positive values indicated better performance. P-scores were treated as descriptive ranking summaries. Risk of bias was assessed using an adapted study-level application of the five-domain RoB 2 framework, and confidence in the evidence was assessed using CINeMA. A post hoc strict-age sensitivity analysis excluded two age-boundary studies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Eighty-nine studies were included in the expanded quantitative analysis, of which 74 contributed to at least one construct-restricted primary network. The primary lower-limb explosive-power, acceleration, 20-m sprint, and planned change-of-direction networks included 55, 20, 25, and 38 studies, respectively. Compared with usual soccer training, plyometric training combined with sprint and/or change-of-direction training showed favourable estimates for lower-limb explosive power (SMD 0.79, 95% CI 0.55 to 1.03), acceleration (1.19, 0.90 to 1.49), 20-m sprint performance (0.80, 0.33 to 1.28), and planned change-of-direction ability (1.46, 1.13 to 1.80). Corresponding I² values were 34.6%, 21.8%, 65.0%, and 41.0%. Between-design inconsistency was detected in the 20-m sprint (P = 0.0036) and change-of-direction (P = 0.0007) networks. CINeMA confidence for these four comparisons was low, low, very low, and low, respectively. Expanded sensitivity networks showed substantially greater heterogeneity. The highest-ranked intervention differed across outcome domains but remained consistent within each outcome across the three analysis sets. Excluding the two age-boundary studies did not materially alter the principal estimates.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Plyometric training combined with sprint and/or planned change-of-direction training produced favourable comparative estimates across the four performance outcomes. However, evidence for several nodes and active-versus-active comparisons was sparse, heterogeneity in programmes and outcomes was present, inco","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13560223/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148931709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of resistance band training on strength, vertical jump and sprint performance in young male basketball players: a randomised controlled trial.","authors":"Tahir Volkan Aslan, Sakir Tufekci, Fatih Harun Turhan, Sacide Tufekci","doi":"10.1186/s13102-026-01953-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-026-01953-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aims to investigate the effects of a six-week resistance band training programme on strength, vertical jump and sprint performance in young male basketball players.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study employed a pre-test-post-test experimental design with a control group. Twenty male basketball players (age: 16.35 ± 0.67 years; height: 177.95 ± 8.10 cm; body weight: 70.52 ± 10.69 kg) were randomly assigned to two groups (experimental, n = 10; and control, n = 10). The experimental group underwent a six-week resistance band training programme in addition to their basketball training, whilst the control group continued with their routine basketball training only. The players underwent testing for leg strength, back strength, vertical jump height, 30-metre sprint performance and handgrip strength before and after the six-week intervention. Data meeting the assumptions of normality were analysed using Repeated Measures ANOVA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Leg strength (F = 12.909, p = 0.002, η_p² = 0.418), back strength (F = 7.385, p = 0.014, η_p² = 0.291), vertical jump performance (F = 11.780, p = 0.003, η_p² = 0.396) and dominant hand grip strength (F = 13.179, p = 0.002, η_p² = 0.423). In contrast, no significant group × time interaction was observed for 30 m sprint performance (F = 1.099, p = 0.308, η_p² = 0.058) or non-dominant hand grip strength (F = 0.249, p = 0.624, η_p² = 0.014).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggest that a six-week resistance band training programme may improve leg strength, back strength, dominant-hand grip strength and vertical jump performance in young male basketball players. No significant improvements were observed in non-dominant hand grip strength or 30-m sprint performance. Overall, these findings indicate that resistance band training may represent a practical, low-cost and feasible strategy for supporting the development of strength- and power-related performance during the in-season period in young male basketball players.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13543352/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148888902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatigue-induced changes in static and dynamic balance control in athletes with chronic ankle instability: a systematic review.","authors":"Mohammad Mehdi Abolhasani, Razieh Mofateh, Noureddin Nakhostin Ansari","doi":"10.1186/s13102-026-02036-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-026-02036-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Impaired balance control is considered as a key determinant of chronic ankle instability (CAI). Fatigue can exacerbate sensorimotor deficits in athletes with CAI. However, the effects of fatigue on static and dynamic balance control in athletes with CAI remain unclear. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the existing evidence regarding the effects of fatigue on static and dynamic balance control in athletes with CAI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review included experimental, quasi-experimental, and observational studies. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched from their inception to November 2025. Methodological quality was independently assessed by two reviewers using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Keywords such as \"fatigue,\" \"chronic ankle instability,\" and \"balance control,\" along with their related terms, were used in the search strategy. Findings were synthesized qualitatively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine studies with high methodological quality (mean score: 4.11/5) were included in this review. Dynamic balance was assessed using the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) in three studies, the modified SEBT in one study, the Y-Balance Test in three studies, and the unilateral landing tasks on a force platform in two studies. Static balance was assessed using the Romberg test in one study and the single-leg standing tasks on a force platform in two studies. This review consistently demonstrated the deleterious effects of different fatigue protocols on static and dynamic balance control in athletes with CAI, except for one study that the results showed no significant effect of fatigue on dynamic balance control. Moreover, two studies reported significantly poorer SEBT performance following fatigue in athletes with CAI compared to healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggest that fatigue can adversely affect both static and dynamic balance control in athletes with CAI. However, the extent to which CAI increases susceptibility to fatigue-related balance impairments remains unclear. Future research employing sport-specific fatigue protocols and sensitive balance measures while accounting for relevant participant characteristics may help clarify the effects of fatigue on balance performance in athletes with CAI and inform more targeted rehabilitation and injury-prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13540949/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148888899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing four training modalities on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular responses in sedentary young men: a randomized trial.","authors":"Weihua Zheng, Shuai Han, Shunzhe Piao, Runrong Tang, Hansen Li, Weipeng Liu, Yang Cao","doi":"10.1186/s13102-026-02027-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-026-02027-7","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Although high-intensity interval training (HIIT), high-intensity continuous training (HICT), moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT), and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) have all been shown to improve health outcomes, few studies have compared these four modalities within the same framework. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effects of 8 weeks of HIIT, HICT, MIIT, and MICT on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular responses in sedentary young men. We hypothesized that high-intensity training would produce greater improvements than moderate-intensity training.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Forty sedentary men aged 20-28 years were randomized to the HIIT, HICT, MIIT, or MICT group, of whom 38 completed the intervention, corresponding to an attrition rate of 5%. Participants completed three approximately 45-minute training sessions per week for 8 weeks, with exercise intensity prescribed at 77%-95% of maximal heart rate (HRmax) and a rating of perceived exertion (RPE) of 14-17 for the HICT and HIIT groups and at 64%-76% HRmax and an RPE of 12-13 for the MICT and MIIT groups, while exercise duration was matched across groups at 120 seconds per movement. The primary outcomes were VO2peak and cardiovascular responses, including resting and peak-exercise heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and rate-pressure product. Secondary outcomes included total exercise duration to volitional exhaustion during the Bruce graded exercise test (Bruce test duration) and body-composition measures. Group-by-time interactions were examined using linear mixed-effects models, followed, where appropriate, by Bonferroni-adjusted post hoc comparisons.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Significant group-by-time interactions were observed for VO2peak (P = 0.040, η2 = 0.21), Bruce test duration (P = 0.016, η2 = 0.26), resting systolic blood pressure (P &lt; 0.001, η2 = 0.44), resting rate-pressure product (P &lt; 0.001, η2 = 0.40), peak-exercise systolic blood pressure (P = 0.001, η2 = 0.36), and peak-exercise rate-pressure product (P &lt; 0.001, η2 = 0.42). In contrast, the interactions were nonsignificant for resting heart rate (P = 0.064, η2 = 0.21), resting diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.615, η2 = 0.05), peak-exercise heart rate (P = 0.078, η2 = 0.18), and peak-exercise diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.220, η2 = 0.12). Bonferroni-adjusted comparisons showed a greater increase in VO2peak with HIIT than with MIIT (MD = 1.11 mL·kg-1·min-1; 95% CI [0.20, 2.01], g = 1.54; P &lt; 0.01), whereas no adjusted between-group differences were detected for Bruce test duration. The largest differences in cardiovascular responses were observed between HICT and MIIT for resting systolic blood pressure (MD= -4.95 mmHg; 95% CI [-7.65, -2.25], g = -1.70), resting rate-pressure product (MD= -0.80 mmHg·bpm; 95% CI [-1.18, -0.42], g = -1.61), and peak-exercise systolic blood pressure (MD= -6.07 mmHg; 95% CI [-10","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13525653/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148851295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of psychological interventions on competitive anxiety and athletic performance in golfers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Longhui Li, Zilong Zhao, Xuewen Li, Yang Yi","doi":"10.1186/s13102-026-01888-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-026-01888-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Competitive anxiety is common in golf and can negatively affect athletic performance. Psychological interventions are widely used to manage competitive anxiety and enhance performance; however, evidence specific to golfers has not yet been systematically synthesized. This study aims to evaluate the effects of psychological interventions on competitive anxiety and athletic performance in golfers. In addition, subgroup analyses were conducted to explore potential sources of variation in intervention effects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search of Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science identified randomized and non-randomized controlled trials evaluating psychological interventions to reduce competitive anxiety or improve athletic performance in golfers. Risk of bias was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials and the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions tool. Certainty of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Meta-analyses were performed using Stata 18.0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 15 studies involving 606 participants were included. Nine studies were rated as low risk of bias, four as having some concerns, and two as moderate risk of bias. Psychological interventions were associated with reductions in competitive anxiety (SMD = - 0.29, 95% CI: -0.57 to - 0.02) and improvements in athletic performance (SMD = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.28 to 1.12). Substantial heterogeneity was observed for athletic performance outcomes (I² = 80.3%). Exploratory subgroup analyses suggested that effects may be more evident among male and amateur golfers and in studies using interventions delivered two to three times per week for sessions lasting up to 30 min.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Psychological interventions were associated with small reductions in competitive anxiety and moderate improvements in athletic performance in golfers. However, the certainty of the evidence was low, and substantial heterogeneity, limited evidence for subgroup analyses, and potential publication bias should be considered when interpreting the findings. Future research should prioritize high-quality randomized controlled trials with more balanced representation across gender and competitive level, and further examine specific dimensions of competitive anxiety as well as emerging approaches such as mindfulness-based interventions and technology-assisted methods including virtual reality and biofeedback.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>PROSPERO: CRD420251025181.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13536777/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148876039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}