BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of aerobic and anaerobic capacity in pubertal karate athletes: performance analysis and development strategies.","authors":"Kübranur Korkmaz, Caner Aygören, Halil Düzova","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01308-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01308-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study investigated the effects of gender's foot arch structure (normal arch vs. pes planus) on aerobic and anaerobic performance in pubertal karate athletes.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Children with chronic cardiovascular and musculoskeletal diseases were excluded from the study. Participants included boys with normal foot arches (B-nfa, n = 7), boys with pes planus (B-pp, n = 11), girls with normal foot arches (G-nfa, n = 16), and girls with pes planus (G-pp, n = 11). Aerobic capacity was evaluated using the 6-Minute Walk Test, while anaerobic performance was assessed through the Vertical Jump Test and sprint tests (10 m and 30 m). The height of the foot arch was measured using the Navicular Drop test. Nonparametric data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's post-hoc test to identify significant differences. Parametric data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test. Pearson's test was used for parametric correlation, while Spearman's test was used for nonparametric correlation. The significance threshold was set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individuals in the G-nfa group exhibited higher anaerobic power than those in the G-pp group (p = 0.0452). There was a strong negative correlation between arch pes planus and Spear equations (r = 0.63, p = 0.0004). B-nfa participants performed faster than both B-pp (p = 0.0015) and G-pp (p = 0.0015). The G-nfa completed the 10 m sprint test faster than both B-pp and G-pp (p = 0.0052). B-nfa outperformed G-pp in the 30 m sprint (p = 0.036) and covered greater distances in the six-minute walk test compared to B-pp (p = 0.034) and G-pp (p = 0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, we concluded that flat feet do not negatively affect the development of aerobic capacity in prepubertal children undergoing professional karate training. Still, they may significantly impact the growth of anaerobic power.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"268"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12462192/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145139186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating trunk endurance, dynamic stability, and in-game performance analysis in youth elite basketball players.","authors":"Anna Gál-Pottyondy, Zsófia Pálya, Lukasz Trzaskoma, Rita M Kiss","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01285-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01285-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Physical preparation in basketball is essential but often limited by training time and prior focus on tactical and technical skills. While postural stability is known to assist injury prevention and performance, its specific impact on game-related performance remains unclear. With the development of motion analysis systems, the numerical values of external and internal loads measured during matches have become measurable. This study aimed to examine the relationship between postural stability and game-related performance and introduce a method for visualizing key competencies.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Twenty-three U16 female basketball players (age = 15.22 ± 0.82 years, mass = 66.3 ± 8.85 kg, high = 174.0 ± 8.2 cm) participated from the Hungarian first league. Postural stability was assessed via plank test and one minute dynamic standing balance tests, while game-related performance was monitored through match-derived internal and external load values measured by WIMU PRO™ System, alongside statistical data derived from the official box scores. After the postural stability measurements, we monitored an official basketball match, which was conducted according to official International Basketball Association (FIBA) rules. For clear and comprehensive presentation, we combined the game-related performance indicators using Principal Component Analysis (PCA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A moderate correlation (0.5 < r < 0.8, p < 0.05) was found between the game-related performance and postural stability variables. However, plank test indicators showed no significant correlations with game-related performance variables, except for bad throws (r = 0.56, p = 0.037), the postural error (PE), a variable reflecting compensatory movement during fatigue in the plank test, correlated with balance indicators (r = 0.63, p = 0.014). Mediolateral balance control correlated with explosive game-related performace metrics, including maximum acceleration (r = -0.65, p = 0.01), deceleration (r = 0.56, p = 0.035), and steals (r = -0.52, p = 0.05). PCA proved effective in creating game competency scores, enabling a graphical representation of game-related performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings suggest that trunk endurance alone was not directly related to game-related performance, while dynamic balance metrics showed moderate correlations. The PE values provide deeper insights into the balance-trunk stability relation. The dynamic balance test could support player monitoring, and the PCA based method facilitates player profiling.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"269"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12462323/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145139122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of mental fatigue on the risk of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury during sharp stop-jump maneuver in male college students.","authors":"Bosong Zheng, Zeyang Zhang, Zeyi Zhang, Youping Sun, Jianghui Kang","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01329-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01329-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim is to elucidate the effects of mental fatigue (MF) on lower limb biomechanics during stop-jump maneuver in healthy male college students and to evaluate its potential contribution to the heightened risk of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury (NC-ACLI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a within-subject experimental design, MF was induced with a 45-minute Stroop task. The visual analogue scale for mental fatigue (VAS-MF), an infrared motion capture system, a three-dimensional force platform, and surface electromyography (sEMG) were employed to collect data on VAS-MF scores, as well as lower limb kinematics, kinetics, and electromyographic activity pertinent to NC-ACLI risk in 36 participants, before and after the MF induction. Paired t-tests and non-parametric statistical analyses were used for evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>VAS-MF scores increased significantly following MF induction (P < 0.001). After induction, participants demonstrated significant reductions in ankle dorsiflexion and knee flexion angle at the moment of peak vertical ground reaction force during stop-jump (P < 0.05). Conversely, peak vertical ground reaction force, knee extension moment, and knee abduction moment increased significantly (P < 0.05), while knee abduction and hip flexion angles remained unchanged (P > 0.05). Regarding muscle activation, rectus femoris sEMG parameters-including median frequency, mean power frequency, mean absolute value amplitude, and root mean square amplitude-were significantly elevated (P < 0.05), whereas tibialis anterior sEMG exhibited significant decreases in median frequency and mean power frequency (P < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in the sEMG signals of the biceps femoris or lateral gastrocnemius (P > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MF significantly modulates certain biomechanical characteristics of the lower limb during stop-jump maneuver, potentially exacerbating the risk of NC-ACLI in healthy male college students. Targeted intervention strategies are recommended to mitigate ACL injury risks under mentally fatigued conditions.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This study was registered with the China Clinical Trial Registry (Registration No. ChiCTR2400093367, 2024/12/03), a WHO Level 1 registry.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"266"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12459040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145139107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mechanism of how adolescents' physical self-esteem and psychological resilience influence sports participation: the chain mediating roles of exercise motivation and social support.","authors":"Minghuan Tang, Bo Peng, Weisong Chen, Yuxin Liu, Hongshen Wang, Ting Yu","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01315-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01315-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to examine how physical self-esteem and psychological resilience influence adolescents' sports participation, with a focus on the mediating roles of exercise motivation and social support. The goal was to clarify the interaction between individual psychological resources and contextual social factors in shaping youth physical activity.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 2,588 adolescents from 15 provinces in China completed validated questionnaires assessing physical self-esteem, psychological resilience, exercise motivation, social support, and sports participation. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test direct and indirect pathways. Multi-group analyses were conducted to examine model invariance across gender, grade level, and residential background.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Physical self-esteem and psychological resilience positively predicted sports participation both directly and indirectly. Exercise motivation and social support served as significant mediators, with a sequential pathway from psychological traits to behavioral outcomes via motivational and social mechanisms. Structural invariance was supported across all demographic subgroups, indicating the model's robustness and generalizability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings underscore the dual importance of internal self-perception and external support systems in promoting adolescent engagement in sports. By elucidating a chain mediation process, this study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of youth physical activity and offers practical implications for developing targeted interventions in school, family, and community settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"270"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12462075/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145139197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immediate effects of blood flow restriction combined with whole body vibration on balance, proprioception, and function in non-professional male athletes with chronic ankle instability.","authors":"Kazem Malmir, Anahita Bajalan, Nastaran Ghotbi, Zinat Ashnagar","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01309-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01309-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is associated with impaired balance, proprioception, and limited dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM). Whole-body vibration (WBV) and blood flow restriction (BFR) may address these deficits. This study aimed to determine whether adding BFR to WBV would produce greater immediate improvements in these parameters compared to WBV alone.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this double-blind, randomized controlled trial, thirty-eight non-professional male athletes with CAI were randomly assigned to WBV (n = 19; age: 23.5 ± 4.7 years) or WBV + BFR group (n = 19; age: 24.1 ± 4.9 years). Both groups received a single session of WBV at 30 Hz and 2 mm amplitude; the WBV + BFR group additionally underwent BFR at 80% arterial occlusion pressure. Balance error scoring system (BESS), modified star excursion balance test (m-SEBT), ankle dorsiflexion proprioception, side hop test, dorsiflexion ROM, and perceived instability were measured before and after the intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Statistical tests showed no significant changes in BESS scores (p > 0.05). The WBV + BFR group showed a significant improvement in anterior reach of the m-SEBT (p = 0.04), while the WBV-only group did not (p = 0.69). Statistical analysis indicated a significant reduction in dorsiflexion repositioning error in the WBV group (p = 0.004), with between-group differences favoring WBV. Perceived instability significantly improved in the combined group (p = 0.001). Both groups showed improved dorsiflexion ROM (p < 0.05), with no significant difference between them (p = 0.76).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both WBV and WBV + BFR improved dorsiflexion ROM in athletes with CAI, but neither produced immediate gains in static or dynamic balance, except for anterior reach with the combined intervention. Adding one session of BFR to WBV appeared to impair proprioception and increase perceived instability. These methods may be better used as adjuncts in rehab, not standalone treatments. Clinically, they should be applied cautiously and not immediately before activities demanding high joint stability.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>Registered at IRCT (IRCT20230203057314N1; June 2, 2023).</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"267"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12462006/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145139175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing cardiorespiratory fitness after bariatric surgery - highly effective with very low adherence: HIT BAR randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Alida Finze, Megan Duddek, Svetlana Hetjens, Erfan Ghanad, Christoph Reissfelder, Mirko Otto, Johanna Betzler, Christine Joisten, Susanne Blank","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01307-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01307-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiovascular disease and obesity-related comorbidities are key factors addressed by metabolic-bariatric surgery (MBS). Although High intensity interval training (HIIT) has been proven effective in healthy cohorts, limited evidence exists regarding HIIT and adherence towards HIIT after MBS. This study aims to test feasibility and cardiorespiratory effect of HIIT after MBS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>201 patients undergoing MBS were included in a four-week training protocol with 3 training groups (B-D) including different HIIT protocols on a bicycle designed for patients with obesity and one control group (A) at a university medical center in Germany. Ergometry with estimated VO2max, maximum blood lactate, maximum resistance, time spent on ergometer, and heart rate were performed prior to and after 4 weeks of training.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant effect of the four-week training could be shown through reduction of heart rate at 100 W, increase of maximum blood lactate, and maximum resistance when comparing the training groups to the control group (Δ 9,67 BPM; Δ 1.02 mmol/l; Δ 12 W respectively, all p < 0.05) However, adherence of the recruited patient group was very low, shown by a notably high drop-out rate of 78.1% overall (44 patients completed training). The majority of patients dropped out prior to the first training session.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HIIT bicycle training in post-MBS patients is possibly very effective, however, adherence is extremely low. Although this study shows promising results, an effect on large patient groups cannot be expected if improvement of adherence and a wide range of training methods are not addressed first.</p><p><strong>Study registration: </strong>German Registry for Clinical Trials (DRKS) trial registration number DRKS00024939 on 20/09/2021.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"265"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12442301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145076364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: The value of blood lactate and lactate clearance rate in evaluating the prognosis of athletes with heat illness of varying degrees after high-intensity exercise.","authors":"Li Yu, Xuehui Dong, Huanhuan Li, Lili Mi","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01318-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01318-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"264"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12412236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145006704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a 6-week semi-supervised exercise training program on physical fitness and mental health in post-COVID-19 healthcare workers: a randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Feng Gao, Fei Liu, Yongfu Liu, Zhi Li, Wenjun Yu, Yuxin Xiao, Di Liu, Shuaikang Yang, Song Yuan, Junhua Wang, Shenglong Le","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01317-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01317-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Healthcare workers rank among the groups that are most vulnerable to the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Deterioration in physical fitness and mental health is a common manifestation in the post-COVID-19 person, which require specific and effective treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a 6-week, semi-supervised exercise intervention on physical fitness and mental health in post-COVID-19 healthcare workers (HCWs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty-four HCWs infected with SARS-CoV-2 within 3-4 weeks were randomly assigned to an exercise group or a control group. The exercise group followed a 6-week semi-supervised program with three weekly 60-80-minute sessions. Assessments included handgrip strength, sit-to-stand, push-up, curl-up, cardiorespiratory fitness, flexibility, balance, and mental health. Analyses followed intention-to-treat principles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with those of the control group, the push-up scores (p = 0.003, η_p² = 0.162), curl-up scores (p < 0.001, η_p² = 0.248), and maximum load of the rowing ergometer (p = 0.012, η_p² = 0.121) significantly increased in the exercise group. The depression (p = 0.003) and anxiety (p = 0.023) scores significantly decreased at the end of the intervention in the exercise group, although no significant differences were observed between the groups. No adverse events potentially linked to the intervention were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A six-week semi-supervised exercise training significantly improved functional muscle strength and endurance, and maximum rowing intensity in post-COVID-19 HCWs compared to controls, along with within-group reductions in depression and anxiety. No adverse events were reported. These findings suggest that exercise may be a safe and effective recovery strategy to prevent or alleviate post-COVID-19 conditions, although further research is needed to confirm long-term effectiveness and mechanisms of action.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (#ChiCTR2100051901) from 2021-10-09.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"263"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12406416/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144993961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of sports on mental performance according to skill types in youth athletes.","authors":"Ismet Alagoz, Erkan Demirkan, Tugrul Ozkadi, Turgut Yildirim","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01320-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01320-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>It is known that high-level performance in athletes is not only limited to physical competence and technical skills, but also cognitive functions such as attention, concentration, stress management and reaction time play a decisive role. The aim of this study was to examine the cognitive performance levels of athletes in different skill types (team, individual, combat, racket).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted with a total of 214 athletes between the ages of 14-16 with at least three years of regular training history, including team (n = 64), individual (n = 48), racket (n = 27) and combat (n = 75). Cognitive performance measurements were made before training. Attention and concentration levels were assessed using NeuroSky MindWave EEG device, stress level was assessed using HeartMath Inner Balance device and reaction time was assessed using CatchPad device.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Combat athletes demonstrated significantly higher cognitive scores in attention (X̄ = 53.77 ± 24.86 s; F = 26.43, p < .001, η² = 0.318) and concentration (X̄ = 22.51 ± 15.90 s; F = 18.49, p < .001, η² = 0.360) compared to other groups. Racket sports athletes exhibited the fastest reaction times (X̄ = 0.35 ± 0.04 s; F = 11.66, p < .001, η² = 0.184) and the highest inner balance coherence (X̄ = 1.85 ± 0.38; F = 15.54, p < .001, η² = 0.188). Significant group differences were also observed in intrinsic heart rate variability (Inner Balance Avg BPM), with combat athletes recording the highest average (X̄ = 79.48 ± 12.18 bpm; F = 10.80, p < .001, η² = 0.142). Discriminant analysis revealed a high classification success rate for racket (85.2%) and combat athletes (81.3%) based on cognitive and psychophysiological variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of this study demonstrate that different sport skill types are associated with distinct cognitive performance profiles. These results may provide valuable insight for coaches, trainers, and sport psychologists in designing branch-specific cognitive training strategies and talent identification protocols. More broadly, the study highlights the critical role of sport participation in shaping not only physical but also neurocognitive development during adolescence.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"262"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12403390/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144974816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wrist extensor fatigue and game-genre-specific kinematic changes in esports athletes: a quasi-experimental study.","authors":"Chuck Tholl, Lasse Hansen, Ingo Froböse","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01305-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01305-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Muscular fatigue critically affects health, performance, and safety in daily activities and sports. Esports or competitive gaming involves prolonged sitting and repetitive upper extremity movements, increasing the risk of muscular fatigue. Sustained activity may contribute to long-term musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). Despite this risk, biomechanical analyses in esports remain limited. This study examines muscular fatigue and wrist kinematics in esports athletes across different video game genres.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-two healthy male esports athletes (23.8 ± 3.4 years) participated in two 90-120-minute competitive video gaming sessions, separated by a 10-minute passive sitting break. Surface electromyography (EMG) of the upper trapezius and wrist extensors, as well as wrist kinematics, were recorded. The median frequency (MDF) and root mean square (RMS) were used to quantify muscular fatigue. Statistical analyses included mixed ANOVA, one-way repeated measures ANOVA, and robust ANOVA with Bonferroni correction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Repeated measures ANOVA indicated significant decreases in the MDF and RMS of the wrist extensors over time (p < 0.001). For the upper trapezius, only the right-side MDF showed a significant decrease over time; however, post-hoc analysis did not confirm this effect. Mixed ANOVA revealed no interaction between time and video game genre on kinematic data. First-person shooter players exhibited significantly greater cumulative distances (p = 0.006) and velocity zero-crossings (p = 0.043) than multiplayer online battle arena players in robust ANOVA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings indicate a progressive increase in wrist extensor fatigue over time, whereas wrist kinematics vary by video game genre but remain unaffected by time. The lack of neuromuscular recovery post-break suggests the potential for cumulative muscular fatigue. These repetitive loads could increase the risk of MSD. Therefore, implementing preventive training strategies and regular active breaks may help mitigate these effects in esports athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"261"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12400618/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144974829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}