BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation最新文献

{"title":"Effects of respiratory muscular training in post-covid-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Diego Mendes Xavier, Ráina Anielle Lopes Abreu, Fabiane Gontijo Corrêa, Whesley Tanor Silva, Sarah Nascimento Silva, Endi Lanza Galvão, Marcos Gabriel do Nascimento Junior","doi":"10.1186/s13102-024-00954-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-024-00954-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Post-Covid-19 syndrome is defined as non-self-sustaining signs and/or symptoms lasting more than 12 weeks, occurring during or after a Covid-19 infection. The primary outcome was the analysis of the respiratory muscle training (RMT) result in respiratory muscle strength, (maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) e maximum expiratory pressure (MEP)); and the secondary results were the analysis of lung function, dyspnea, quality of life (QoL), fatigue and functional performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The PICO description for this research was: P: patients diagnosed with post-Covid-19; I: RMT; C: Sham or simulated inspiratory or expiratory muscle training and usual care; O: MIP, MEP, Lung Function, level of dyspnea, QoL and functional performance. On January 15, 2024, the following databases were consulted: PubMed, Lilacs, Cochrane Library, PEDro and EMBASE. Randomized clinical trials were included without restrictions on year of publication or language. The data selection and extraction steps were carried out by two independent reviewers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The search in the databases resulted in a total of 14,216 studies, and after the eligibility process, 7 studies were included with a sample of 527 patients. The MIP results suffered a statistically significant increase, that is, the RMT was favorable to improve the MIP (MD = 29.55cmH₂O IC 95%: 7.56cmH₂O to 51.54cmH₂O, p = 0,00001). For the MEP outcome, the results were statistically significant in favor of RMT (MD = 10.93cmH2O CI 95%: 3.65cmH₂O to 18.21cmH₂O, p = 0.00001). We also noticed a significant improvement for the group that received the RMT in the distance covered in the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) MD = 40.70 m CI 95%: 18.23 m to 65.17 m%, p = 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We noticed that RMT is being used in patients with respiratory diseases, including post-Covid-19. Our systematic review observed that this training provides an increase in inspiratory and expiratory muscle strength, a reduction in dyspnea levels, and an increase in the distance covered in the 6MWT and improved QoL in post-covid patients after intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11351554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142082156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The isometric and isokinetic knee extension and flexion muscle strength profile of elite soccer players.","authors":"Charly Keytsman, Jonas Verbrugghe, Bert O Eijnde","doi":"10.1186/s13102-024-00961-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-024-00961-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to further complete normative data sets for the strength profile of the thigh in soccer players by performing isometric and isokinetic measurements in a large sample per player position.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In total, 364 soccer players were divided into subgroups according to their pitch position. All players performed isometric and isokinetic strength measurements during active competition period using an isokinetic dynamometer (System 3, Biodex^®, ENRAF-NONIUS, New York, USA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Isokinetic strength of m. Quadriceps was significantly (p = 0.023) higher in strikers compared to central midfielders in both the dominant (+ 9%) and the non-dominant (+ 4%) leg. No further differences were found in isometric or isokinetic strength per playing positions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We have shown that strength profiles do not differ between playing positions on the field. This is valuable information for elite soccer high performance coaches and medical staffs aiming to improve daily training efficiency and rehabilitation of their players.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11345984/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142074297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does mental fatigue affect performance in racket sports? A systematic review.","authors":"Cong Ding, Kim Geok Soh, He Sun, Samsilah Roslan, Shudian Cao, Yue Zhao","doi":"10.1186/s13102-024-00963-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-024-00963-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mental fatigue impairs performance across several sports domains. However, a systematic review on its effects on racket sports performance has been lacking due to the previous scarcity of studies. This review aims to provide a comprehensive review the effects of mental fatigue on racket players' performance, with a discussion of the underlying mechanisms. A thorough search was conducted across five databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, SCOPUS, SPORTDiscus (via EBSCOhost), and the Psychological and Behavioral Science Collection (via EBSCOhost). The PICOS framework established the inclusion criteria: (1) healthy racket sports players; (2) induction of mental fatigue in both field and laboratory settings; (3) comparison of mental fatigue interventions with a control group (e.g., watching a movie or reading a magazine); (4) assessment of performance outcomes, including physical performance, skilled performance, and perceptual-cognitive performance; and (5) randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-randomized controlled trials (non-RCTs), and non-randomized non-controlled trials. Mental fatigue manipulation, subjective evaluation, and (neuro)physiological markers were synthesized to support the successful induction of mental fatigue. Performance was categorized into tennis, table tennis, badminton, and padel based on the characteristics of specific racket sports domains. Secondary outcomes, such as the rate perception of effort (RPE) and motivation, were synthesized to explain the mechanisms based on the prominent theory of the Psychobiological model of endurance performance. Six studies revealed that mental fatigue impacts stroke performance in table tennis, affecting speed, accuracy, faults, and only second-serve accuracy in tennis. The response time of psychomotor performance increased in table tennis, padel, and badminton. Meanwhile, mental fatigue increased the RPE and remained unchanged in heart rate, blood glucose, and lactate, consistent with the Psychobiological model of endurance performance. Additionally, attention is suggested as a significant underlying psychobiological factor.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11345983/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142074295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity to rewards and punishments in karate athletes: an examination of the temperamental characteristics and profile of karate competitors according to the revised reinforcement sensitivity theory.","authors":"Cezary Kuśnierz, Aleksandra M Rogowska, Karol Görner, Patryk Wosinek","doi":"10.1186/s13102-024-00971-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-024-00971-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (rRST) assumes the existence of three systems controlling motivation and behavior: the behavioral activation system (BAS), the behavioral inhibition system (BIS), and the fight-flight-freeze system (FFFS). This study aims to examine for the first time the features of BAS, BIS, and FFFS among karate players in comparison with athletes representing other sports disciplines (physical education students) and physically inactive people. The specific configuration of temperament traits and profiles characterizing karate players will also be found.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The cross-sectional study was performed among male karate athletes and control groups (physically active and inactive men). The study used the modified Reinforcement Sensitivity Questionnaire (rRSQ) to measure BAS, BIS, and FFFS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ANOVA showed that both karate competitors KS and KK scored significantly higher in BAS than the sample of PI participants. In addition, KK athletes scored significantly lower in Freeze than in PI and KS groups. Research also suggests that KK athletes presented significantly lower overall scores in FFFS than PI individuals. Furthermore, the results of K-means cluster analysis indicated the existence of two distinct patterns of temperamental traits: (1) Cluster 1 suggests avoidance tendencies (high Flight and Freeze, and low BAS, BIS, and Fight levels); while (2) the Cluster 2 describes approach tendencies (high BIS, BAS and Fight scores, and low levels of Flight and Freeze). Significantly more KK athletes were included in Cluster 2 than in Cluster 1, compared to PI, PA, and KS samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The research indicates that individuals engaged in karate, particularly those practicing Kyokushin karate, tend to exhibit a heightened sensitivity to rewards (high BAS). This finding holds significance for coaches and sports instructors, suggesting that motivating karate athletes through incentives is more effective, while the use of punishment should be minimized during training. Additionally, the study proposes that the practice of Kyokushin karate has the potential to significantly diminish the freezing response in threatening situations and enhance overall fear management by reducing levels of the Fight-Flight-Freeze System (FFFS). Consequently, the Kyokushin karate style may be considered more advantageous than the Karate Shotokan (KS) style in these aspects, despite both styles contributing to the improvement of BAS. Given that a higher BAS is linked to positive emotions, optimism, and happiness, karate training emerges as a form of health intervention, acting as a preventive measure against mental disorders and promoting overall well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11346272/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142074296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of Dynamic tape's directional support on shoulder fatigue and pitching performance in amateur baseball players: a randomized crossover trial.","authors":"Haw-Ming Huang, Chih-Yang Hsu, Ting-Hsuan Hsu, I-Fan Hsieh, Po-Chieh Yang, Yu-Hsuan Cheng","doi":"10.1186/s13102-024-00965-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-024-00965-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To evaluate whether the application of Dynamic tape to the pitching shoulder could result in reduced shoulder fatigue, reduced delayed onset muscle soreness, or improved performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a randomized crossover study, in which participants and investigators were blinded, included 20 amateur adult baseball players without shoulder pain. Sham taping and Dynamic taping were randomized, using an internal rotation support taping method in both groups. Bilateral shoulder strength and range of motion were measured with a handheld dynamometer and clinical goniometer before and after each test. The percentage of strength decrease, range of motion, pitch velocity, spin rate, and shoulder pain were recorded. The post-pitching decrease in strength and percentage of strength decrease were calculated by paired t-test and the pitching speed and spin rates in the innings for both the sham and Dynamic taping groups were analyzed using two-way ANOVA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the sham group, the Dynamic tape group showed a significant loss in the percentage of strength decrease in internal rotation compared to the sham group (-1.4% vs. 7.0%, p = 0.03). However, no significant differences were observed in other strength declines, shoulder range of motion, pain, pitching velocity, or spin rate.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dynamic tape reduced direction-specific shoulder fatigue but did not significantly enhance pitching performance or prevent delayed onset muscle soreness.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials: N201912094.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11342733/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142047294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Web-based survey on injuries among ultimate frisbee athletes in Japanese college sports: sex differences in injury location and onset.","authors":"Yuki Muramoto, Takeshi Kimura, Akira Kinoda, Yuichi Yamada, Yoshinori Katsumata, Kazuki Sato","doi":"10.1186/s13102-024-00964-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-024-00964-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ultimate Frisbee (Ultimate) has gained significant popularity. However, a comprehensive understanding of injury characteristics, including sex differences in injury location and onset, remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the injury profile of male and female athletes using data from the Japanese University Athletic Association survey.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected through a web-based survey conducted between June and October 2022, focusing on injuries sustained within the past year. Athletes provided detailed information, including injury location, severity, and onset pattern. This study utilized data collected through the UNIVAS survey, offering insights into the injury landscape among female Ultimate athletes. The study examined factors influencing lower limb injuries, including training days and the nature of contact during play.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 116 athletes participated in the survey with 57 (49.1%) reporting injuries, of which 42 injuries involved the lower limbs. Lower-extremity injuries exhibited a higher likelihood of occurrence in female compared to male athletes (p = 0.05, φ = 0.18). Athletes with lower limb injuries demonstrated significantly more training days (p = 0.01, Cohen's d = 0.76). Non-contact injuries were more prevalent than contact injuries (p < 0.01, φ = 0.53), with non-contact injuries often causing prolonged interruptions in competition.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Female Ultimate athletes experienced a high frequency of severe lower extremity injuries, particularly those stemming from non-contact incidents. More training days were an independent factor associated with these outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11340146/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142037384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recreational ball games are effective in improving social communication impairments among preschoolers diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder: a multi-arm controlled study.","authors":"Kai Qi, Yufei Liu, Zuopeng Wang, Xuan Xiong, Kelong Cai, Yifan Xu, Yifan Shi, Zhiyuan Sun, Xiaoxiao Dong, Aiguo Chen","doi":"10.1186/s13102-024-00957-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-024-00957-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to compare the effects of two 12-week training intervention experimental ball games combined with standard behavioral rehabilitation against a control group solely utilizing standard behavioral rehabilitation on social communication impairments (SCI) in preschool children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multi-arm controlled study design was implemented, involving 41 children diagnosed with ASD (mean age: 4.99 ± 0.76 years). 41 participants were randomized assigned to two experimental groups and a control group, The experimental group carried out ball combination training program group (BCTP) and mini-basketball training program group (MBTP) on the basis of routine behavioral rehabilitation, which underwent 12-week training interventions 5 times a week. The control group (n = 14) received only standard behavioral rehabilitation. Evaluations were conducted before and after interventions using the Social Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition (SRS-2).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results suggest that both 12-week interventions, BCTP, and MBTP, led to significant improvements in social communication impairment among children with ASD (p < 0.05). Despite enhancing the overall scores on the SRS-2, these interventions displayed varying impacts across different sub-dimensions. BCTP primarily exhibited significant enhancements in social awareness and behavior pattern (p < 0.05), whereas MBTP significantly improved social cognition and social communication (p < 0.05). Both interventions showed slight improvements in social motivation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The utilization of recreational ball games has showed to be effective in decreasing the impairment levels of children with ASD, while the control group experienced a worsening of outcomes. This suggests that irrespective of the specific ball game strategy employed, both can be employed on a weekly basis to complement standard behavioral rehabilitation and enhance the ability to improve the quality of life for children diagnosed with ASD.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The trial is retrospectively registered on the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR1900024973;August 5, 2019).</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11342502/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142037383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can heat conditions affect the heart rate responses, perception of effort, and technical performance of young male football players during small-sided games? a comparative study.","authors":"ZhiHui Kang, Zhongju Chen, GuiYang Liu","doi":"10.1186/s13102-024-00970-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-024-00970-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Soccer coaches often employ small-sided games (SSGs) to elicit both physiological and technical responses from players. However, numerous contextual factors can influence the outcomes of these games. This comparative study aimed to investigate how environmental temperature (< 21ºC and > 29ºC) impacts heart rate responses, perception of effort, and technical performance in young male football players during SSGs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study compares temperatures below 21ºC (∼ 20.4 ± 0.4ºC) with temperatures above 29ºC (∼ 29.7 ± 0.6ºC). This repeated measures study design involved 60 male football players at a trained/developmental level, selected from under-16 and under-19 teams. It aimed to assess the effects of the 3v3 format, conducted repeatedly under conditions of 21ºC and above 29ºC. Throughout the games, mean heart rate responses (HRmean), measured via heart rate sensors; rate of perceived exertion (RPE), assessed using the CR-10 Borg scale; and successful passes and lost balls, tracked through an ad hoc observational analysis tool, were monitored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant interactions were observed (time*age group) in meanHR (F = 0.159; p = 0.691; [Formula: see text]=0.003), RPE (F=0.646; p=0.425; [Formula: see text]=0.011), number of passes completed (F=0.204; p=0.654; [Formula: see text]=0.003), and number of lost balls (F = 0.157; p = 0.694; [Formula: see text]=0.003). Overall, significantly higher heart rate responses in mean HR (p<0.001) and RPE (p<0.001) were observed at temperatures above 29ºC, while significantly more passes were completed at temperatures below 21ºC (p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Heat conditions significantly intensified the psychophysiological responses in players, concurrently leading to a significant impairment in the number of passes. Coaches should contemplate implementing mitigation strategies to avert performance declines during heat conditions when utilizing SSGs.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11331650/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142005558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bone stress injuries in athletics (track and field) championships: findings from a prospective injury surveillance conducted across 24 international championships with 29,147 registered athletes.","authors":"Tim Hoenig, Adam S Tenforde, Karsten Hollander, Astrid Junge, Pedro Branco, Anders Vinther, Pascal Edouard","doi":"10.1186/s13102-024-00955-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-024-00955-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Athletics (track and field) athletes are prone to develop bone stress injuries (BSIs) but epidemiological data on BSIs from top-level sports events are scarce.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the incidence and characteristics of BSIs during 24 international athletics championships held from 2007 to 2023.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>BSI-related data were prospectively collected during 24 international athletics championships, including the Olympic Games (n = 3), World Outdoor Championships (n = 4), European Outdoor Championships (n = 6), World Indoor Championships (n = 3) and European Indoor Championships (n = 8). Descriptive and comparative statistics were used to assess the epidemiological characteristics of BSIs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BSIs accounted for 1.5% of all reported injuries (n = 36; 1.2 per 1000 registered athletes (95%CI 0.8 to 1.6)). No significant difference of BSI incidence was detected between female (2.0 per 1000 athletes (95%CI: 0.9 to 2.3)) and male athletes (0.9 per 1000 athletes (95%CI: 0.4 to 1.4)) (relative risk (RR) = 1.73, 95%CI: 0.88 to 3.40). BSI incidence was significantly higher during outdoor championships (1.6 per 1000 registered athletes (95%CI: 1.0 to 2.1)) as compared to indoor championships (0.2 per 1000 registered athletes (95%CI: 0.0 to 0.5)) (RR = 10.4, 95%CI: 1.43 to 76.0). Most BSIs were sustained in the foot (n = 50%) or leg (n = 33%). BSIs were reported in athletes participating in endurance disciplines (52.8%) or in explosive disciplines (47.2%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>BSIs represent a small portion of injuries sustained during international athletics championships. Collective results suggest that injury rates are higher in outdoor competitions as compared to indoor competitions. The most common injury locations comprise the foot and leg.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11325730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141989231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring immediate cardiorespiratory responses: low-intensity blood flow restricted cycling vs. moderate-intensity traditional exercise in a randomized crossover trial.","authors":"Manuel Kuhn, Christian F Clarenbach, Adrian Kläy, Malcolm Kohler, Laura C Mayer, Martin Lüchinger, Belinda Andrist, Thomas Radtke, Sarah R Haile, Noriane A Sievi, Dario Kohlbrenner","doi":"10.1186/s13102-024-00951-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-024-00951-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Blood-flow restriction (BFR) endurance training may increase endurance performance and muscle strength similar to traditional endurance training while requiring a lower training intensity. We aimed to compare acute cardiorespiratory responses to low-intensity interval exercise under BFR with moderate-intensity traditional interval exercise (TRA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a randomized crossover study. The protocol involved three cycling intervals interspersed with 1 min resting periods. With a 48-h washout period, individuals performed the protocol twice in random order: once as BFR-50 (i.e., 50% incremental peak power output [IPPO] and 50% limb occlusion pressure [LOP]) and once as TRA-65 (65% IPPO without occlusion). TRA-65 intervals lasted 2 min, and time-matched BFR-50 lasted 2 min and 18 s. Respiratory parameters were collected by breath-by-breath analysis. The ratings of perceived breathing and leg exertion (RPE, 0 to 10) were assessed. Linear mixed models were used for analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the 28 participants initially enrolled in the study, 24 healthy individuals (18 males and 6 females) completed both measurements. Compared with TRA-65, BFR-50 elicited lower minute ventilation (VE, primary outcome) (-3.1 l/min [-4.4 to -1.7]), oxygen consumption (-0.22 l/min [-0.28 to -0.16]), carbon dioxide production (-0.25 l/min [-0.29 to -0.20]) and RPE breathing (-0.9 [-1.2 to -0.6]). RPE leg was significantly greater in the BFR-50 group (1.3 [1.0 to 1.7]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BFR endurance exercise at 50% IPPO and 50% LOP resulted in lower cardiorespiratory work and perceived breathing effort compared to TRA at 65% IPPO. BFR-50 could be an attractive alternative for TRA-65, eliciting less respiratory work and perceived breathing effort while augmenting perceived leg muscle effort.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>NCT05163600; December 20, 2021.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11325739/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141989232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}