BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation最新文献

{"title":"Comparing four training modalities on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular responses in sedentary young men: a randomized trial.","authors":"Weihua Zheng, Shuai Han, Shunzhe Piao, Runrong Tang, Hansen Li, Weipeng Liu, Yang Cao","doi":"10.1186/s13102-026-02027-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-026-02027-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although high-intensity interval training (HIIT), high-intensity continuous training (HICT), moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT), and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) have all been shown to improve health outcomes, few studies have compared these four modalities within the same framework. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effects of 8 weeks of HIIT, HICT, MIIT, and MICT on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular responses in sedentary young men. We hypothesized that high-intensity training would produce greater improvements than moderate-intensity training.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty sedentary men aged 20-28 years were randomized to the HIIT, HICT, MIIT, or MICT group, of whom 38 completed the intervention, corresponding to an attrition rate of 5%. Participants completed three approximately 45-minute training sessions per week for 8 weeks, with exercise intensity prescribed at 77%-95% of maximal heart rate (HRmax) and a rating of perceived exertion (RPE) of 14-17 for the HICT and HIIT groups and at 64%-76% HRmax and an RPE of 12-13 for the MICT and MIIT groups, while exercise duration was matched across groups at 120 seconds per movement. The primary outcomes were VO2peak and cardiovascular responses, including resting and peak-exercise heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and rate-pressure product. Secondary outcomes included total exercise duration to volitional exhaustion during the Bruce graded exercise test (Bruce test duration) and body-composition measures. Group-by-time interactions were examined using linear mixed-effects models, followed, where appropriate, by Bonferroni-adjusted post hoc comparisons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant group-by-time interactions were observed for VO2peak (P = 0.040, η2 = 0.21), Bruce test duration (P = 0.016, η2 = 0.26), resting systolic blood pressure (P < 0.001, η2 = 0.44), resting rate-pressure product (P < 0.001, η2 = 0.40), peak-exercise systolic blood pressure (P = 0.001, η2 = 0.36), and peak-exercise rate-pressure product (P < 0.001, η2 = 0.42). In contrast, the interactions were nonsignificant for resting heart rate (P = 0.064, η2 = 0.21), resting diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.615, η2 = 0.05), peak-exercise heart rate (P = 0.078, η2 = 0.18), and peak-exercise diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.220, η2 = 0.12). Bonferroni-adjusted comparisons showed a greater increase in VO2peak with HIIT than with MIIT (MD = 1.11 mL·kg-1·min-1; 95% CI [0.20, 2.01], g = 1.54; P < 0.01), whereas no adjusted between-group differences were detected for Bruce test duration. The largest differences in cardiovascular responses were observed between HICT and MIIT for resting systolic blood pressure (MD= -4.95 mmHg; 95% CI [-7.65, -2.25], g = -1.70), resting rate-pressure product (MD= -0.80 mmHg·bpm; 95% CI [-1.18, -0.42], g = -1.61), and peak-exercise systolic blood pressure (MD= -6.07 mmHg; 95% CI [-10","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13525653/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148851295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of psychological interventions on competitive anxiety and athletic performance in golfers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Longhui Li, Zilong Zhao, Xuewen Li, Yang Yi","doi":"10.1186/s13102-026-01888-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-026-01888-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Competitive anxiety is common in golf and can negatively affect athletic performance. Psychological interventions are widely used to manage competitive anxiety and enhance performance; however, evidence specific to golfers has not yet been systematically synthesized. This study aims to evaluate the effects of psychological interventions on competitive anxiety and athletic performance in golfers. In addition, subgroup analyses were conducted to explore potential sources of variation in intervention effects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search of Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science identified randomized and non-randomized controlled trials evaluating psychological interventions to reduce competitive anxiety or improve athletic performance in golfers. Risk of bias was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials and the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions tool. Certainty of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Meta-analyses were performed using Stata 18.0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 15 studies involving 606 participants were included. Nine studies were rated as low risk of bias, four as having some concerns, and two as moderate risk of bias. Psychological interventions were associated with reductions in competitive anxiety (SMD = - 0.29, 95% CI: -0.57 to - 0.02) and improvements in athletic performance (SMD = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.28 to 1.12). Substantial heterogeneity was observed for athletic performance outcomes (I² = 80.3%). Exploratory subgroup analyses suggested that effects may be more evident among male and amateur golfers and in studies using interventions delivered two to three times per week for sessions lasting up to 30 min.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Psychological interventions were associated with small reductions in competitive anxiety and moderate improvements in athletic performance in golfers. However, the certainty of the evidence was low, and substantial heterogeneity, limited evidence for subgroup analyses, and potential publication bias should be considered when interpreting the findings. Future research should prioritize high-quality randomized controlled trials with more balanced representation across gender and competitive level, and further examine specific dimensions of competitive anxiety as well as emerging approaches such as mindfulness-based interventions and technology-assisted methods including virtual reality and biofeedback.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>PROSPERO: CRD420251025181.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13536777/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148876039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construct differentiation and reliability of a novel curvilinear sprint test in female handball players.","authors":"Gizem Akarsu Taşman, Erkan Güven, Nasuh Evrim Acar, Deniz Şentürk","doi":"10.1186/s13102-026-02019-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-026-02019-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The curved 6-m goal-area line offers a practical basis for assessing curvilinear sprinting in handball, yet sprint testing in the sport remains predominantly linear. This study evaluated the reliability and construct differentiation of a curvilinear sprint (CS) test based on this existing court marking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-five female handball players completed one familiarisation and two test sessions separated by 48 h. In each session, players performed three linear sprint (LS) trials and three CS trials in each direction over the same 21.85-m distance. Performance differences and session effects were examined using repeated-measures analysis of variance, while reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients, coefficient of variation, typical error, minimal detectable change, and Bland-Altman analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LS was faster than the right and left CS conditions by 0.80 and 0.83 s, respectively (both p < 0.001), while LS and CS shared 58% to 68% of their variance. Between-session ICCs for the CS conditions ranged from 0.88 to 0.89, with CVs of 1.66% to 1.83%, while three-trial within-session ICCs ranged from 0.95 to 0.98. Performance was faster in the second session (p = 0.003), although the changes were smaller than the corresponding minimal detectable change values. CONCLUSıONS: Curvilinear sprint performance is strongly related to, but not fully represented by, linear sprint performance. The test showed good repeatability and provides a practical option for directly assessing curvilinear sprint ability in female handball players.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13570514/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148957038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships between general physical performance and judo-specific power outputs in elite judo athletes: an allometric approach.","authors":"Aopeng He, Peiling Wang, Emerson Franchini, Dexin Wang, Lin He, Rangxi Jin, Yijie Ma, Xinbo Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s13102-026-02003-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-026-02003-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This cross-sectional study examined whether associations between general physical performance and peak power in hikite, tsurite, and morote-seoi-nage differ when variables are expressed in absolute terms or scaled to fat-free mass (FFM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty Chinese national-team judoka completed body-composition, judo-specific peak-power, vertical-jump, isometric mid-thigh pull, one-repetition maximum, and Wingate assessments. Spearman correlations were evaluated using a global Benjamini-Hochberg false-discovery-rate correction across 93 primary tests. Sex-controlled explanatory regression models were fitted, and an exponent of 0.75 was examined as a sensitivity analysis to the primary FFM^0.67 scaling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-four of 54 absolute associations remained significant after false-discovery-rate correction. After FFM^0.67 scaling, significant associations remained for eight hikite and seven tsurite comparisons, whereas only scaled countermovement-jump peak force was associated with scaled morote-seoi-nage peak power (ρ = 0.369, q = 0.006). The best-fitting absolute multivariable models explained 55.8%-79.9% of adjusted sample variance. Using 0.75 did not change any false-discovery-rate significance classification.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Associations between general physical tests and judo-specific peak power were action-dependent and changed after scaling. Absolute values characterize total output, whereas scaled values provide complementary information relative to FFM. Direct task-specific testing remains necessary, particularly for the multi-phase morote-seoi-nage action.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13570538/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148957035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of static and dynamic core exercises on serve and spike speed in young volleyball players: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Bilal Gok, Gorkem Acar","doi":"10.1186/s13102-026-02013-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-026-02013-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Volleyball is a high-intensity team sport demanding explosive upper-body skills whose performance depends on effective kinetic chain transfer through the core musculature. Although core training is widely incorporated into athletic conditioning, the differential effects of static versus dynamic core protocols on sport-specific ball-velocity outcomes remain insufficiently examined, particularly in adolescent athletes. This study investigated the effects of a six-week supplementary static or dynamic core exercise program on serve speed and spike speed in elite young male volleyball players.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-one male volleyball players (aged 11-14 years) were randomly assigned to a dynamic core exercise group (DCEG, n = 15) or a static core exercise group (SCEG, n = 16). Both groups continued regular volleyball training and additionally performed a six-week, three-days-per-week core program applied before each training session. Serve and spike speeds were measured with a Bushnell Velocity Gun radar device at pre-test and post-test. Normality was confirmed by the Shapiro-Wilk test. Within-group comparisons used paired t-tests; between-group comparisons used analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with pre-test values as the covariate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Within-group analyses showed a significant improvement in spike speed for SCEG (t(15) = - 5.115, p < .001) and a significant improvement in serve speed for DCEG (t(14) = - 7.299, p < .001). ANCOVA revealed a significant between-group difference in serve speed (F(1, 28) = 31.001, p < .001, partial η² = 0.525) favouring DCEG, while no significant between-group difference was found for spike speed (F(1, 28) = 0.250, p = .621, partial η² = 0.009).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Six weeks of supplementary core training was accompanied by improvements in serve and spike performance in elite young male volleyball players. Dynamic core exercises were more effective for serve speed, whereas static core exercises produced significant gains in spike speed. Because the trial did not include a no-treatment control group and the sample was small, these findings are preliminary and describe a comparison between two active core-training modalities rather than an absolute effect of core training; coaches may consider tailoring core training modality to the specific performance goal, pending confirmation in larger, adequately powered controlled trials.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT07641439. Registered 05 May 2026. Retrospectively registered (recruitment began 23 March 2026; see Methods for justification).</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13540889/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148888976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative study on executive function of adolescent athletes in different winter sports.","authors":"Jin Wang, Fa Wang, Ge Gao, Chao Liu, Peng Shi","doi":"10.1186/s13102-026-02004-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-026-02004-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the differential characteristics of executive function among adolescent athletes in three winter sports (ice hockey, figure skating, and speed skating), and to analyze the correlation between training experience and each subcomponent of executive function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A convenience sampling method was adopted to select 199 adolescent winter sport athletes in Chengdu, Sichuan Province as participants (92 ice hockey athletes, 39 figure skating athletes, and 68 speed skating athletes). The Flanker task, 2-back task, and More-odd shifting task were used to assess the athletes' inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility, respectively. One-way ANOVA, generalized linear model (control variables included age, gender, training experience, body mass index, family economic status and negative emotions) and partial Pearson correlation analysis were used for data analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ice hockey athletes exhibited significantly shorter response times than speed skating athletes under both congruent (β = -90.03, P = 0.012) and incongruent conditions (β = -83.38, P = 0.010). Figure skating athletes had significantly lower accuracy than speed skating athletes under the congruent condition (β = -7.60, P = 0.011), and their accuracy was also lower than that of ice hockey athletes (P = 0.021). The accuracy of both ice hockey (β = 5.75, P = 0.018) and figure skating athletes (β = 7.57, P = 0.009) was significantly higher than that of speed skating athletes. Figure skating athletes showed significantly better performance in response time than speed skating athletes under the size shifting (β = -148.01, P < 0.001) and parity shifting conditions (β = -111.49, P = 0.011), and their response time under the size shifting condition was shorter than that of ice hockey athletes (P = 0.036). Ice hockey athletes had a significantly shorter response time than speed skating athletes under the size-parity shifting condition (β = -170.49, P = 0.004). In addition, no significant correlation was found between training years and executive function (P > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There were significant sport-specific differences in the executive function performance of adolescent athletes in different winter sports. This study can provide preliminary reference evidence and testable research hypotheses for subsequent research on specialized training optimization, cognitive intervention development and athletic talent identification among adolescent winter sport athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13632377/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149117020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repeated sprint performance and fatigue responses across different movement patterns in amateur soccer players.","authors":"Erhan Işıkdemir, Mehmet Emre Kılıç, Fevzican Kelebek","doi":"10.1186/s13102-026-02017-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-026-02017-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The objective of this study was to examine the differences in neuromuscular fatigue, physiological responses, and physical performance between the Curved (Bangsbo) Repeated Sprint Ability Test (C-RSA) and the Linear Repeated Sprint Ability Test (L-RSA) in amateur soccer players.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fourteen amateur male soccer players (mean age: 19.8 ± 1.4 years) voluntarily participated in this randomized, counterbalanced crossover study. Participants completed the C-RSA and the L-RSA in a randomized and counterbalanced order, with a 72-hour recovery period between testing sessions. Neuromuscular fatigue was evaluated through the countermovement jump test performance (CMJ) administered before and after the protocols, and change score were calculated. Physical performance was analyzed using total sprint time (TST), mean sprint time (MST), best sprint time (BST), and sprint decrement percentage (S_Dec %). Physiological responses were determined via maximum heart rate (HR_max), blood lactate levels (La^- 1), and the rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Data were analyzed using paired samples t-tests, and effect sizes were calculated using Cohen's d and interpreted according to Hopkins' classification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings indicated that both test protocols induced neuromuscular fatigue. Although a greater reduction in CMJ was observed following the C-RSA, the difference between conditions was not statistically significant (p = 0.085; small effect). Regarding physiological responses, no significant differences were found in HR_max and La levels (p > 0.05); however, RPE values were significantly higher in the C-RSA (p = 0.003; moderate effect). In terms of physical performance parameters, significant differences were identified in favor of the L-RSA. The L-RSA provided higher performance outputs in TST, MST, and BST variables with very large effect sizes (p < 0.001). No significant difference was observed in the S_Dec % (p = 0.052).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, although the C-RSA and L-RSA protocols elicited similar physiological loads, the C-RSA induced higher neuromuscular and perceptual stress, whereas the L-RSA protocol was more advantageous for physical performance output. These findings suggest that linear and curved sprint applications generate distinct performance responses, and sprint pattern-specific loading should be considered in training planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13536606/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148876103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of basketball-based small-sided games and running-based high-intensity interval training on physical fitness in untrained young adults: a randomized controlled study.","authors":"Zewei Liu, Didi Guo, Xiaorong Bai, Wensheng Xiao","doi":"10.1186/s13102-026-02010-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-026-02010-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the differences in the effects of basketball small-sided games (SSG) and running-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on body composition and exercise performance-related physical fitness in untrained young adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A randomized controlled trial design was adopted, with outcome assessors blinded. Ninety untrained participants (aged 19.83 ± 0.70 years, including 45 females) were randomized to the basketball SSG group, HIIT group, and control group in a 1:1:1 ratio (30 participants per group). One participant in the HIIT group discontinued the intervention, and 89 participants were included in the final analysis. The basketball SSG group and HIIT group trained 3 times a week for 8 weeks; the control group did not receive any structured training.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intra-group analysis showed that after 8 weeks of intervention, both training methods significantly improved core indicators (all p < .05), including body weight, body mass index (BMI), grip strength, lower limb explosive power, linear sprint ability, change of direction (COD) ability, and aerobic endurance; no significant changes were observed in all indicators of the control group (all p > .05). Inter-group comparison revealed that the two intervention groups had significant differences compared with the control group in 10-meter sprint (SSG group: MD=-0.226 s, 95%CI: -0.366 to -0.086; HIIT group: MD=-0.183 s, 95%CI: -0.324 to -0.041), 30-meter sprint (SSG group: MD=-0.326 s, 95%CI: -0.608 to -0.044; HIIT group: MD=-0.444 s, 95%CI: -0.729 to -0.159), COD (SSG group: MD = - 0.153 s, 95% CI: -0.296 to - 0.010; HIIT group: MD = - 0.172 s, 95% CI: -0.316 to - 0.028), and aerobic endurance (SSG group: MD = 90.000 m, 95%CI: 5.676 to 174.324; HIIT group: MD = 104.345 m, 95%CI: 19.297 to 189.393) (all p < .05), while no significant differences were found in other indicators among groups; there was no statistical difference in all outcome indicators between the basketball SSG group and the HIIT group (all p > .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study indicates that both 8-week basketball-based SSG and HIIT interventions can effectively improve body composition and several physical fitness outcomes in untrained young adults compared with no structured training. However, no significant differences were observed between the two intervention groups across the assessed outcomes. These findings suggest that both approaches may be considered feasible exercise options for improving physical fitness in sedentary young adults.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ISRCTN14130863, registered 12. February 2026, retrospectively registered.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13543535/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148892608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Competitive level is associated with dietary practices but not sports nutrition knowledge in collegiate athletes: associations with body composition profiles.","authors":"Mohamed Osama, Mohamed Bakr, Mahmoud Al Sayed","doi":"10.1186/s13102-026-01974-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-026-01974-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sports nutrition knowledge may influence athletes' dietary practices, but its relationship with dietary intake and body composition remains unclear, particularly across different competitive levels. This study examined the associations among sports nutrition knowledge, dietary intake, and body composition and compared these variables between amateur and elite collegiate athletes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 100 male collegiate athletes (60 amateur and 40 elite). Sports nutrition knowledge was assessed using an adapted Sports Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (SNKQ) developed for this study based on the conceptual framework of the Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire (NSKQ). Dietary intake was evaluated using three-day food records, and body composition was measured by multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. Between-group differences were analyzed using independent-samples t-tests with 95% confidence intervals and Cohen's d. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine associations and identify predictors of body composition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Elite athletes consumed significantly more energy, protein, and carbohydrates and reported higher meal frequency and daily fluid intake than amateur athletes (all p < 0.001). Sports nutrition knowledge scores were similar between groups (p = 0.57). Although elite athletes had lower body fat and higher skeletal muscle mass percentages, these differences were not statistically significant. Dietary intake, particularly protein intake, showed stronger associations with body composition than sports nutrition knowledge. Multiple regression analysis identified protein intake and competitive level as independent predictors of body composition.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Competitive level was associated with healthier dietary practices but not with sports nutrition knowledge among collegiate athletes. Dietary intake, particularly protein intake, was more strongly associated with body composition than nutrition knowledge. These findings suggest that improving dietary behaviors may have greater practical value than increasing nutrition knowledge alone. Longitudinal and intervention studies are needed to confirm these relationships.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13491743/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148799735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trainability of repetitions-in-reserve estimation in younger and older adults: a parallel-group repeated-measures study.","authors":"Tim Wiedenmann, Daniel Kunellis, Ludwig Rappelt, Steffen Held, Pamela Wicker, Lars Donath","doi":"10.1186/s13102-026-01997-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-026-01997-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Effort-based resistance training (RT) approaches, such as repetitions (reps) in reserve (RIR), aim to enhance RT individualization, which is of particular relevance for older adults. However, evidence regarding the accuracy of RIR estimation and its trainability in this population remains limited. This study aimed to (I) compare RIR estimation accuracy between younger and older adults, and (II) determine whether six training sessions improve estimation accuracy in both groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study followed a parallel-group repeated-measures-design. Thirteen younger adults (33 ± 7 years; 9 females, 4 males) and thirteen older adults (67 ± 4 years; 7 females, 6 males), completed six sessions across six weeks. Each session comprised three sets of bench press and leg press at randomized loads (75%-85% one rep maximum). During each set, participants verbally indicated the rep at which they estimated having 4 and 2 RIR (4RIR, 2RIR) and then continued the set to concentric muscle failure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Linear mixed-effects models showed a significant main effect of training session on mean absolute error for both exercises at 2RIR and 4RIR, with MAE decreasing by up to 2.3 reps from Session 1 to Session 6, and no significant effects of age group or session x group interactions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present findings suggest that RIR estimation accuracy is a trainable skill for both younger and older adults, with no evidence of age-related differences in baseline accuracy or trainability. These findings extend the limited evidence on RIR-based autoregulation to older adults and suggest that, after brief familiarization, RIR-based resistance training may represent a feasible strategy to support individualized exercise prescription in older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13499321/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148799748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}