BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation最新文献

{"title":"Relationships between types of balance performance in 3-to-6-year-old preschoolers: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Jiefeng Zhu, Ruiqin Li, Ao Yu, Pei Deng, Sikuan Ren, Yulong Nie, Ruiyuan Li","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01274-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01274-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Balance is often considered task-specific, as indicated by studies correlating several types of balance performance across age groups. Preschool years constitute a critical period for balance development, yet comprehensive data during this stage remain limited. Therefore, this study aimed to (1) investigate the association between types of balance performance in preschool children and (2) examine age-specific aspects of balance performance in preschoolers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Four balance types were assessed in 619 preschoolers (aged 3 to 6 years): static steady-state (one-legged stance, OST), dynamic steady-state (10-meter walk, 10MWT), proactive (functional reach test, FRT), and reactive (push and release test, PRT). Pearson's correlation coefficients (r) were calculated to determine associations between balance types, and a one-way analysis of variance was used to evaluate differences across age groups (3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, and 5.5 years).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Small-sized correlations existed between four balance performance (-0.113 ≤ r ≤ 0.327, p < 0.01). Significant correlations were observed between static and dynamic steady-state balance (-0.207 ≤ r ≤ -0.359), static steady-state and proactive balance (+ 0.216 ≤ r ≤ + 0.510), and dynamic steady-state and proactive balance (-0.210 ≤ r ≤ -0.264) in most age groups. Age positively affected all balance tests: OST (η²_p = 0.336, p < 0.001), 10MWT (η²_p = 0.448, p < 0.001), FRT (η²_p = 0.392, p < 0.001), and PRT (η²_p = 0.045, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Small-sized correlations suggest that balance performance is task-specific in preschool children. Balance ability improves gradually with age, showing different development patterns. These findings demonstrate that distinct balance types lack mutual predictability during early development. Therefore, comprehensive evaluation and enhancement of preschoolers' balance require separate assessment for each balance type and age-specific task design.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"230"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12335076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144805069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of aerobic exercise on chronic inflammation in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Seyed Morteza Tayebi, Hossein Poorhabibi, Diako Heidary, Mohammad Ali Amini, Atefeh Sadeghi","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01279-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01279-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise training on inflammatory markers in older adults. The current literature was searched using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar to identify controlled clinical trials in English. Ten articles met the inclusion criteria. The mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and the overall effect size was calculated for all comparisons. The PEDro scale was used to evaluate the quality of articles. The findings indicated that aerobic exercise training led to an improvement in inflammatory markers in older adults: IL-6 (mean difference = 0.939, Z = 2.857, P = 0.004), CRP (mean difference = 0.853, Z = 3.060, P = 0.002), TNF-α (mean difference = 0.705, Z = 3.094, P = 0.002), IL-10 (mean difference = 1.511, Z = 2.036, P = 0.042). This review demonstrates that aerobic exercise training significantly improves inflammatory markers in older adults, reducing CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6, while increasing IL-10, with particular benefits for populations at risk for chronic inflammatory diseases. According to the results of this review, an effective aerobic exercise program should include moderate to high intensity (60-80% HRmax or HRR), sessions lasting 30 to 60 min, and a frequency of 2 to 3 times per week.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"229"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12335091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144805112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of competition on exercise intensity and the user experience of exercise, during virtual reality bicycling for healthy adults across the lifespan.","authors":"John L Palmieri, Judith E Deutsch","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01253-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01253-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Engaging in regular moderate-to-vigorous exercise is an essential component of promoting longevity and reducing health risks associated with a sedentary lifestyle. However, various barriers can hinder participation in high-intensity exercise. Virtual reality (VR) may enhance exercise adherence by increasing engagement and motivation. Specifically, elements such as visual feedback and competition within VR environments may encourage users to exercise at higher intensities. Though the literature suggests that competitiveness may decrease with age, there is limited research comparing intensity and motivation during competitive exercise across the lifespan. This study aims to compare the effects of visual feedback and competition in a VR bicycling simulation on exercise intensity and user experience (motivation and enjoyment) in middle-aged and older adults and compare them to healthy younger adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adults aged 45-75 participated in three VR cycling conditions: self-competition, competition against others, and visual feedback. Each condition lasted five minutes, during which exercise intensity and visual attention were continuously recorded. Perceived effort and intrinsic motivation were assessed to evaluate user experience. Results were compared with data from a separate study involving younger adults bicycling in the same simulation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>VR was tolerable for middle-aged and older adults with no age-related differences in tolerability observed. For middle-aged and older adults, competitive conditions led to higher exercise intensity compared to visual feedback while there were no differences in intrinsic motivation, enjoyment or visual attention. Across all 3 conditions, participants focused their attention on the task for > 70% of the trials. Compared to young adults, middle-aged and older adults had a lower raw bicycling cadence in the 2 competitive conditions and higher perception of effort in the visual feedback condition. There were no other age-related differences between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This custom VR bicycling simulation effectively guided visual attention, encouraged high-intensity exercise, and was rated favorably among middle-aged and older adults. Therefore, VR bicycling employing competition and visual feedback may be a useful exercise tool regardless of the user's age, particularly for individuals that have self-developmental competitive profiles.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Current Controlled Trials NCT05253703. Registered at ClinicalTrials.Gov on February 10, 2022.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"228"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12333198/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144805070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the interplay of coach behaviours, team resilience, support perception, and collective efficacy in young team athletes.","authors":"İlhan Adiloğulları, Ender Şenel, Renzo Kerr-Cumbo, Recep Aydemir","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01277-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01277-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Team sports create a social-psychological environment that shapes athletes' responses to pressure and challenges. Belief in the team's ability to cope with demanding conditions is crucial for individual motivation and collective success, strengthening performance, social bonds, and psychological resilience. This study examines the relationships between perceived supportive coach behaviours, team resilience, and collective efficacy in young athletes. A total of 285 athletes from football, basketball, volleyball, and handball participated, with validated instruments used to measure coach behaviours, team resilience, perceived support, and collective efficacy. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) assessed the interrelationships among these variables. Findings showed that perceived support significantly influences athletes' recognition of supportive coach behaviours, enhances resilience, and reduces vulnerability under pressure. Collective efficacy was a key predictor of resilience and negatively correlated with vulnerabilities. Supportive coaching behaviours alleviated stress and promoted resilience, highlighting the importance of a positive team environment. Indirect effects indicated that perceived support enhances resilience through collective efficacy and supportive behaviours, underlining their mediating role in strengthening team dynamics and psychological responses. The study underscores the importance of perceived support and supportive coaching in fostering resilience and collective efficacy. Athletes who feel supported are more likely to demonstrate resilience and cope with challenges effectively. Coaches should prioritise supportive environments that encourage positive relationships and resilience, helping athletes manage stress and improve performance. Future research could explore the long-term impact of these factors across different team sports.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"227"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12329992/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144800589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How do gender and competition level influence the physical demands in worst-case scenarios of elite football referees?","authors":"Gemma Martinez-Torremocha, Antonio Alonso-Callejo, Javier Sanchez-Sanchez, Jorge Garcia-Unanue, Leonor Gallardo, Maria Luisa Martin-Sanchez, Carlos Serrano, Jose Luis Felipe","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01282-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01282-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study was to describe and compare the physical demands in Worst-Case Scenarios (WCS) across different competition levels in male and female football of Spanish elite football referees during matches, comparing competitions independently for male and female referees.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Physical demands (total distance [TD], total distance > 18 km/h [TD18], total distance > 21 km/h [TD21], total distance > 24 km/h [TD24], accelerations (> 3 m/s²) [Acc] and decelerations (<-3 m/s²) [Dec]) were recorded over different time windows (0.5, 1, 3, 5 and 10 min) on 24 professional male Spanish football referees from male 1st Division, 26 from male 2nd Division and 24 professional female Spanish football referees from female 1st Division during the 2020/21, 2021/22, and 2022/23 seasons over a total of 2,156 official matches, using Global Positioning Systems.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed that male referees experienced higher physical demands, particularly during the shortest time windows of WCS (0.5 and 1 min), where the highest relative physical loads were observed. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between competitions, with higher demands recorded in the 2nd Division and Champions League. In contrast, female referees faced their greatest physical demands in national competitions, such as the Queen's Cup, compared to international competitions. Both genders demonstrated higher intensity during shorter time windows, highlighting the need to be prepared for short and high-intensity match periods.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study concludes that physical demands vary according to gender and level of competition. Male referees face higher workloads, and female referees have different demands depending on the competitive context. These findings highlight the need for tailored training programs and recovery strategies to address the specific demands of referees across different match contexts. For male referees, training should emphasize short-duration, high-intensity efforts, especially for competitions such as the Second Division and Champions League. For female referees, programs should replicate the demands observed in national competitions like the Queen's Cup. These adaptations can improve performance, reduce injury risk, and enhance match officiating quality.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"226"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12326655/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of exercise on cardiovascular disease risk in overweight or obese children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Jie Men, Guoyu Zhu, Yishan Li, Simin Wu, Zhengyang Yu, Pengbo Wang, Yuxi Zhang, Weiqi An, Jingwen Wang, Xiaoli Huang, Yu Wu, Xinyu Hou","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01228-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01228-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the effects of exercise on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in overweight and obese children and adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two independent reviewers conducted a comprehensive search of databases, including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wan Fang, covering the period from January 1, 2008, to May 19, 2025. Eligible randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the meta-analysis. Sensitivity analysis was used to assess the stability of the results. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots, and subgroup analyses were also performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 83 RCTs involving 5,172 overweight or obese children and adolescents were included. Participants ranged in age from 5 to 19 years, and intervention durations ranged from 8 to 48 weeks. Compared with controls, exercise significantly reduced levels of total cholesterol (TC, SMD = -0.70, 95% CI [-0.91, -0.49]), triglycerides (TG, SMD = -0.60, 95% CI [-0.79, -0.41]), low-density lipoprotein (LDL, SMD = -0.61, 95% CI [-0.79, -0.43]), fasting plasma glucose (FPG, SMD = -0.40, 95% CI [-0.57, -0.23]), and fasting insulin (FIN, SMD = -0.80, 95% CI [-1.08, -0.51]), while significantly increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL, SMD = 0.38, 95% CI [0.22, 0.53]) levels. Subgroup analyses indicated that endurance training led to broader improvements than other exercise types, especially at doses of ≥ 50 min per session, ≥ 3 sessions per week, and ≥ 12 weeks in duration. Additionally, the effects were more pronounced in males and studies conducted in Asia. High heterogeneity was observed (I² > 75%), but sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the results, and no significant publication bias was detected in the funnel plots.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Exercise effectively improves overweight, obesity, and CVD risk factors in children and adolescents. Moderate-to-high-intensity endurance training (≥ 50 min/session, ≥ 3 times/week, for ≥ 12 weeks) yields the most significant benefits. The intervention effects appear to be influenced by sex and geographic region. Further well-designed, high-quality longitudinal studies are warranted to optimise exercise-based intervention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"225"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12326647/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144790448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low injury incidence and excellent return to sport after injuries in beach handball-a cross-sectional survey of 651 athletes.","authors":"Hannes Degenhardt, Maximilian Hinz, Marco-Christopher Rupp, Benjamin D Kleim, Romed P Vieider, Maximilian Weyer, Alexander-Stephan Henze, Andreas B Imhoff, Sebastian Siebenlist, Yannick J Ehmann","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01252-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01252-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To quantify the five-year injury incidence and to identify risk factors and common injury patterns in beach handball athletes. It was hypothesized that there would be a low incidence of injuries with identifiable risk and preventative factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An online survey was conducted among active beach handball athletes from 08-09/2022. Demographics, activity level and data on acute and overuse injuries over the past five years were collected. Risk factor analyses were performed for acute and overuse injuries.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 651 athletes (54% male) were included. No injury was reported by 489 (75%) athletes and 162 (25%) athletes reported at least one injury with a total of 174 injuries (102 acute, 72 overuse). The injury incidence was 53.5 injuries per 1,000 athletes per year. The lower extremity was most commonly affected. Older age, the number of tournaments per year and the number of months playing beach handball per year were risk factors for injury. Playing as shooting specialist reduced the risk. Of the injuries, 14 (8%) were treated surgically. Most athletes returned to full beach handball within two months (acute: 70%; overuse: 80%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Injury incidence was low among beach handball athletes. Injuries most commonly affected the lower extremity. Older age, number of months playing beach handball and number of tournaments were risk factors for injury. Only 8% of the injuries required surgery. Return to sport outcomes was favorable. This implies a potential for targeted injury prevention strategies and the reassurance of low injury burden in beach handball.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level III (retrospective comparative study).</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"224"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12323119/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144785730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility, safety and preliminary effect of exercise prehabilitation in patients with esophageal cancer undergoing surgery: an open-label, randomized, parallel-group pilot and feasibility study.","authors":"Chen Gong, Beibei Feng, Huashe Wang, Yafei Wang, Jiadan Yu, Biru Wang, Shi Chen, Junsheng Peng, Yuling Wang","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01276-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01276-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Increasing evidence underscores the effectiveness of prehabilitation in improving postoperative outcomes in patients with cancer. However, evidence on structured exercise prehabilitation, specifically for functional recovery after esophagectomy, remains limited. Hence, this pilot study aimed to examine the feasibility and safety of a one-week exercise prehabilitation protocol and to explore its preliminary effects on functional capacity in patients with esophageal cancer undergoing surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a parallel-group, randomized, open-label, pragmatic pilot trial. Patients with esophageal cancer awaiting surgery were randomly assigned to either the prehabilitation group or the control group. The prehabilitation group received a one-week structured exercise prehabilitation program that included respiratory, resistance and aerobic exercise before surgery, whereas the control group received no preoperative intervention. Feasibility was evaluated by the eligibility rate, recruitment rate, follow-up assessment rate, and exercise adherence rate. Safety was assessed by monitoring and recording any serious adverse events that occurred during the exercise program. Preliminary efficacy was determined via changes in functional capacity, postoperative complications, and quality of life.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-one patients were randomized, and 16 were included in the primary analysis. Prehabilitation is feasible, with a recognized eligibility rate (69%), recruitment rate (95%) and follow-up completion rate (76%). All (100%) participants attended each treatment session during the prehabilitation and postoperative rehabilitation phases. No serious adverse events were reported. A statistically significant improvement in the change in the 6-minute walking distance from baseline was found in the prehabilitation group after one week of prehabilitation intervention compared with the control group (P < 0.001). A significant interaction effect (group × time) was also observed (P = 0.011). There was no significant difference in the occurrence of postoperative complications between the groups. Prehabilitation also potentially improved the preoperative quality of life (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The one-week structured exercise prehabilitation protocol is feasible and safe for esophagectomy patients and has the potential to enhance preoperative functional capacity and quality of life. These findings support further investigations in large-scale randomized controlled trials to validate the efficacy for clinical endpoints.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This trial was retrospectively registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on 25/09/2024 (ChiCTR2400090172).</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"223"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12318388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144769149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of short physical activity sessions on physical fitness and cognitive control in Norwegian upper secondary school students: the MOVE12 pilot study.","authors":"Svein Barene, Harald Oseland, Rolf Inge Ølberg, Sigbjørn Litleskare","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01120-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01120-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The MOVE12 pilot study investigated the effects of integrating brief, student-led physical activity sessions on fitness and cognitive control in Norwegian upper secondary school students. The MOVE-break concept integrates strength, endurance, and playful activities into classroom settings to counteract sedentary behavior.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This 12-week cluster-randomized controlled trial enrolled 517 first-year students from academic and vocational programs. Classes were randomly assigned to either an intervention or control group. The intervention group was encouraged to conduct two daily Move-breaks sessions, each lasting 6-7 min, during classroom instruction. Physical fitness was assessed through aerobic fitness, muscular strength, flexibility, and postural control tests. Cognitive control was evaluated using the Eriksen Flanker and Stroop tasks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant between-group differences were observed in aerobic fitness, muscular strength, flexibility, or postural control over the intervention period. However, within-group improvements were detected in the intervention group for handgrip strength and standing long jump performance. Notably, despite differences in exercise intensity between students in academic and vocational programs, both groups showed significant improvements in cognitive control.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight the potential of brief, student-led physical activity sessions to enhance cognitive control in adolescents, irrespective of educational program or intensity levels. While no substantial improvements in physical fitness were observed, the cognitive benefits highlight the potential of integrating structured movement sessions into the school day. Further research should explore optimized intervention strategies and long-term effects on both cognitive and physical health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ISRCTN, ISRCTN10405415. Registered 14/12/2023, https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN10405415 .</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"222"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12317642/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144765659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High hamstring stiffness and flexibility with comparable spinopelvic morphometry in amateur footballers: a multimodal study.","authors":"Numan Mercan, Nurzat Elmali, Serdal Çitil, Kerem Bilsel, İbrahim Tuncay","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01265-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01265-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Football's repetitive lower-extremity biomechanics may drive functional adaptations in the hamstrings and spinopelvic alignment. We hypothesised that footballers would display greater hamstring stiffness and morphometric differences in SPPs, attributable to sport-specific loading, compared with non-athletes. This study therefore investigates the interrelationships among hamstring stiffness, flexibility, and spinopelvic alignment to clarify football-induced adaptations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 50 licensed amateur male football players (Group A; mean age 21.74 ± 2.91 years) and 50 healthy males with no licensed sports participation (Group B; mean age 23.14 ± 2.98 years). Measurements comprised radiographic assessment of SPPs, Shear-Wave elastography (SWE) to quantify hamstring muscle stiffness, and clinical flexibility tests (CFTs) which consist of the Active Knee Extension (AKE) test, the Straight Leg Raise (SLR) test, and the Sit-and-Reach (SR) test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences were detected between the groups in SPPs. All hamstring SWE values (except for the left Biceps Femoris, p = 0.615) and all CFT values were significantly higher in Group A (p < 0.001), indicating the 'high stiffness/high flexibility' paradox. Within Group A, SPPs were not associated with either SWE values or CFT values (p > 0.05). Likewise, no correlations were found between SWE values and CFT values in either group (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Footballers exhibited higher hamstring stiffness yet showed no spinopelvic morphometric differences compared with non-athletes. The absence of SWE-CFT correlations suggests that these methods assess distinct physiological properties. The observed \"high stiffness/high flexibility\" paradox in footballers indicates sport-specific functional adaptations. Future longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the long-term effects of this phenomenon.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"219"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12308992/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144754933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}