BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation最新文献

{"title":"Aerobic training and vitamin D supplementation effects on diabetes-related parameters in a rat model of type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Zahra Hoseini, Nasser Behpour, Rastegar Hoseini","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01125-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-025-01125-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by disturbances in glucose, lipid, and energy metabolism, including dyslipidemia and dysregulation of metabolic peptides like spexin; however, the effects of combined interventions, such as aerobic training and nutritional intervention, on these parameters are not fully elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the influences of aerobic training (AT) and vitamin D (Vit D) supplementation on the lipid profile and spexin levels in a model of rats with type 2 diabetes (T2D).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 56 male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: SHAM (non-diabetic control; n = 8) and diabetic (n = 48). The diabetic rats were further divided into six groups: AT with high doses of vitamin D (D + AT + HD; 10,000 IU/kg/week), AT with moderate doses of vitamin D (D + AT + MD; 5,000 IU/kg/week), high doses of vitamin D (D + HD; 10,000 IU/kg/week), moderate doses of vitamin D (D + MD; 5,000 IU/kg/week), AT receiving vehicle (sesame oil; D + AT + oil), and control (oil-receiving; D + C). To induce type 2 diabetes, rats were first fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 2 weeks to induce obesity, followed by an intraperitoneal injection of 110 mg/kg nicotinamide and 55 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) dissolved in 0.1 M citrate buffer (pH 4.5). Blood samples were collected 48 h after the last training session under anesthesia for measuring spexin levels, and lipid profile parameters. Statistical analyses were performed using the paired t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Tukey post hoc test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the SHAM rats, there were significant increases in body weight, BMI, FI, and WC in the diabetic rats (p < 0.001). Also, there was a significant decrease in body weight, BMI, FI, and WC of the diabetic groups who received interventions, especially in D + AT + HD (body weight: -11.07%, BMI: -10.25%, FI: -19.16%, WC: -16.54%). The lipid profiles were significantly improved, with the lowest total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels and the highest high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels being found in the D + AT + HD group compared with the D + C group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the D + AT + HD group had elevated spexin levels compared with the other diabetic groups, which may play a metabolic role.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AT and Vit D supplementation effectively normalized serum lipids and increased spexin levels in T2D rats. These findings suggest that AT and Vit D supplementation may serve as potential therapeutic strategies for managing T2D and its associated complications. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and to evaluate the long-term effects of these interventions in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"79"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11987209/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144054845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is holistic focus of attention equally effective to external focus in performing accuracy of table tennis forehand stroke in low-skilled players?","authors":"Weronika Łuba-Arnista, Paweł Arnista, Tomasz Niźnikowski, Jerzy Sadowski, Andrzej Mastalerz, Wojciech Ratkowski, Ewelina Niźnikowska, Paweł Różański, Marcin Starzak","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01133-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-025-01133-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The holistic focus of attention due to promising motor learning and performance benefits constitutes an desired direction for scientific investigations in sports settings. However, the generalizability of its effect on various motor skills in table tennis requires further investigation. The study aimed to determine the impact of holistic focus of attention and proximal and distal external focus on the accuracy of the table tennis forehand stroke in low-skilled players.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty undergraduate physical education students were randomly assigned one of four groups: focus on the ball (GPEF, n = 20), focus on targets marked on the tennis table (GDEF, n = 20), focus on feeling smooth and fluid when playing (GHF, n = 20), and control group was subjected to none of the experimental factors (CNTRL, n = 20). The participant's task was to score as many points as possible by hitting the ball using the forehand technique in table tennis inside the three smallest targets marked on the tennis table. The data were analysed using one-way ANOVA and mixed-ANOVAs with repeated measures on the last factor. Post-hoc pairwise comparisons (Fisher LSD test) were conducted to estimate the statistical significance of the intra-differences between the results. Partial Eta squared and Cohen's d were calculated to estimate effect size.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The highest improvement of score results was observed in the group with focus on feeling smooth and fluid when playing, while the lowest was observed in the group with focus on the ball both on the post-test and delayed retention test. Nevertheless, each group significantly improved their score results on the post-test and the delayed retention test, which indicates that holistic focus, proximal and distal external focus, had similar effects on the accuracy of the table tennis forehand stroke in low-skilled players.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study found that holistic focus and proximal and distal external focus are equally effective in improving the accuracy of the table tennis forehand stroke for players with lower skill levels. We recommend that coaches and practitioners use holistic and external attentional focus cues to enhance motor skill performance in table tennis. For example, when teaching or improving the table tennis strokes, coaches can apply a holistic cue like \"focus on smoothing out your wrist movement\" or an external cue like \"focus on the target area of the table\".</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"81"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11987253/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144022888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of exercise intervention on balance and executive function in children with autism spectrum disorder: a meta-analysis.","authors":"Haixia Li, Ruiyun Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01142-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-025-01142-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study primarily evaluated the the effects of exercise intervention on balance and executive function in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Search for eligible studies through four databases, and then proceed with screening. The inclusion criteria are as follows: (1) Children with ASD; (2) Age 3-18 years; (3) Randomised Controlled Trial; (4) The intervention group received exercise training; (5) Conducted pre- and post-test, which include balance and executive function. Use the Cochrane bias risk assessment tool to evaluate the quality of the selected study. Select Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) as the appropriate effect scale index.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve of the selected articles involved 288 males and 108 females. The findings demonstrated that the exercise group (EG) benefited more from the improved balance than its control group (CG) counterpart [SMD = 0.86 (0.56, 1.16), p < 0.05, I² = 37%]. Furthermore, subgroup analysis revealed that exercise interventions lasting over eight weeks significantly enhanced balance [SMD = 1.19 (0.79, 1.58), p < 0.05, I² = 17%]. However, exercise interventions lasting less than or equal to 8 weeks did not have a significant impact on balance [SMD = 0.41 (- 0.06, 0.87), p = 0.09, I² = 0%].</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Exercise interventions can better improve the balance and behavioural inhibition of children with ASD compared to CG. Nevertheless, physical training prescribed for more than eight weeks led to a more significant improvement in balance than interventions performed for shorter periods.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"80"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11987222/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144025815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of visual feedback on balance rehabilitation in people with impaired ankle instability: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Chuan Qiu Shui Wang, Kun Wang, Liang Sun, Shi Qi Liu, Jiong Luo","doi":"10.1186/s13102-024-01041-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-024-01041-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ankle instability is a consequence of ankle injuries that can impair balance and affect an individual's ability to perform activities of daily living. Consequently, visual feedback is frequently employed in rehabilitation to enhance training outcomes. However, inconsistencies exist in the scientific literature regarding the effect size of visual feedback and the optimal method of delivery.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was twofold: firstly, to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the potential impact of visual feedback on balance exercises for individuals with ankle instability; secondly, to quantify the effects of visual feedback on balance in this population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 10 studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The review was conducted in accordance with the PERSiST (Implementing Prisma in Exercise, Rehabilitation, Sport Medicine, and Sports Science) guidance. The research was conducted using four databases and was required to be written in English. Additionally, the studies had to involve the provision of visual feedback during balanced rehabilitation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The provision of visual feedback has been demonstrated to enhance the efficacy of rehabilitation programs designed to improve balance. Improvement in static, dynamic, and perceptual balance during balance training. The provision of visual feedback was found to simultaneously increase the subjects' subjective motivation to train and their satisfaction and enjoyment of the rehabilitation training. The results demonstrated that visual feedback improved the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure by approximately 17% (MD = 2.42, 95%CI = 0.72 to 4.12, I²[total] = 0%). Additionally, the provision of visual feedback during the training cycle may positively affect the star excursion balance test (SEBT) (MD = 4.83, 95%CI = 3.09 to 6.56, I²[total] = 21%). Moreover, the Biodex system is expected to demonstrate notable improvements in measures of balance (MD = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.01 to 0.28, I²[total] = 24%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The provision of visual feedback in the context of balance rehabilitation has been demonstrated to facilitate beneficial adaptations to balance in individuals presenting with ankle instability. The research included in our analysis demonstrates the positive impact of visual feedback, with nearly all results exhibiting superior outcomes relative to those observed in the absence of visual feedback. Visual feedback can be employed as an \"additive\" or alternative to conventional rehabilitation for individuals with ankle instability.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"77"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11984011/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144019960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute effects of different warm-up duration on internal load and external load responses of soccer players in small sided games.","authors":"Osman Yilmaz, Furkan Ozturk, Ladislav Batalik","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01132-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-025-01132-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Soccer is a dynamic sport that involves high-intensity running, changes of direction, jumping and contact. Therefore, a proper warm-up duration is of great importance to optimize players'performance and minimize the risk of injury.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study examined the responses of amateur young 16 players (age = 17.00 ± 0.81 years; height = 177.38 ± 5.50 cm; weight = 64.50 ± 5.45 kg) 25 min (min), 15 min and 8 min warm-up duration in 4 v 4 small-sided games (SSGs) with mini-goal formats. Participants are assessed using the Participant Classification Framework, they are categorized under Tier 2: Trained/Developmental. The SSG interventions were randomly assigned to three training intervention groups. The features of SSG are determined as size; 25 × 32 m, bout; 4 × 4 min, resting; 4 min. Before the SSG, same protocol was applied at different times in all warm-ups. Warm-up protocols consisted of 13 sections. The intervention time in each section decreased parallel to the total 25 min, 15 min and 8 min warm-up times. The rating of perceived exertion (RPE), heart rate (HR) responses, distance covered and technical activities were consistently recorded during all SSG sessions. A one-way repeated-measures ANOVA was used to assess significant differences in performance among the different warm-up duration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After the interventions, HR, total player load (TPL), successful passes (SP), unsuccessful passes (USP), interceptions and lost ball results demonstrated significant difference between the 25-min, 15-min and 8-min warm-up durations (p < 0.05). Total distance, velocity, RPE and enjoyment results showed no significant difference between the 25-min, 15-min and 8-min warm-up duration (p > 0.05). Results indicate that a 15-min warm-up duration provides an optimal balance between physiological and technical preparation, leading to improved HR responses, SP and interceptions compared to the 25-min and 8-min warm-ups. The 25-min warm-up decreased USP and lost ball occurrences compared to the 15-min and 8-min warm-ups. The 8-min warm-up resulted in a lower TPL, indicating reduced physiological demands.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The 15-min warm-up duration emerged as an optimal protocol, offering a time-efficient approach that enhances both technical performance and physiological readiness while avoiding unnecessary fatigue. This finding provides practical implications for coaches and practitioners in designing warm-up routines that maximize match readiness without overexertion.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"74"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11983768/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144054799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinect-based anthropometric measurements: a comparative analysis of traditional methods in youth female weightlifters.","authors":"Serkan Örücü, Bülent Işık, Kenan Erdağı, Usame Ömer Osmanoğlu, Erkan Özbay","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01129-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-025-01129-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The importance of anthropometric measurements for monitoring the physical development of athletes and optimizing training programs is well known. Considering the limitations of traditional methods in terms of accuracy and consistency, the aim of this study is to investigate the potential of Kinect V2 as an alternative.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study wasperformed on 12 youth female weightlifters who won medals in the Youth European Weightlifting Championship. Humerus length, forearm length, hand length, trochanter-tibiale laterale length, tibial length and shoulder width measurements were performed with both Kinect V2 and manual methods. Statistical differences between groups were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U test. The consistencies of the measurement methods were analyzed with Bland-Altman plots, correlations were determined with Pearson correlation coefficients, and reliability were evaluated with Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Kinect V2 provided accuracy and consistency comparable to manual methods in measurements of humerus (ICC = 0.532), forearm (ICC = 0.600), and hand length (ICC = 0.760). While medium-level concordance was observed in trochanter-tibiale lateral length measurements (ICC = 0.749), high-level concordance and reliability were found in tibial length (ICC = 0.914) and shoulder width (ICC = 0.869) measurements.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There were significant differences between the results of humerus length, forearm length and trochanter-tibiale laterale length obtained with both measurement methods. Therefore, measurements of these parameters require significant care. Findings of this study suggest that Kinect V2 can be a reliable tool for rapid and practical anthropometric assessments in sports settings, but highlight the importance of careful calibration and adjustments for specific measurements. Future studies should examine the use of this device more comprehensively across different sports and populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"75"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11983731/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144042493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the Chinese version of the injury-psychological readiness to return to sport scale.","authors":"Siqi Liu, Yunxi Zhang, Young-Eun Noh, Tong Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01127-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-025-01127-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Injury-Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport (I-PRRS) scale has demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity in American English, Dutch, Italian, Persian, French, Spanish, and Portuguese, however, its adaptation to the Chinese remains unexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to translate the I-PRRS scale into Chinese (I-PRRS-Ch) and validate its cross-cultural adaptation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study employed a cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric testing design to translate and validate the Chinese version of the I-PRRS (I-PRRS-Ch). The translation process followed established guidelines, including forward and backward translation by bilingual experts, followed by an expert panel review to ensure content validity. A pilot study was conducted to assess face validity and identify any potential translation or cultural adaptation issues. The floor and ceiling effects, test-retest reliability, composite reliability, convergent validity, and concurrent validity were assessed to evaluate the translated questionnaire's reliability and validity. To evaluate the reliability of the I-PRRS-Ch, test-retest reliability was employed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC 3,1). Composite reliability and convergent validity were assessed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The Chinese version of the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (SC-TSK) was used to measure the concurrent validity of the I-PRRS-Ch.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 183 injured athletes (male: n = 148, female: n = 35; age: Mean = 20.04, SD = 3) from various sports, including track and field, football, basketball, martial arts, volleyball, and gymnastics, participated in this study. Preliminary analysis showed no floor or ceiling effects were detected for the I-PRRS-Ch. Test-retest reliability of the I-PRRS-Ch scale was excellent (ICC = 0.98). Internal consistency measures included a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.85 and a composite reliability of 0.89, indicating good reliability. Convergent validity was established with an average variance extracted of 0.57. Concurrent validity was supported by a moderate inverse correlation (r = -.42) between the I-PRRS-Ch scale and the SC-TSK, validating the psychological readiness measure concerning kinesiophobia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The I-PRRS-Ch scale is a reliable and valid tool that provides a screening mechanism to identify psychological barriers in Chinese athletes before returning to sport.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"76"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11984135/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144053597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise-induced changes in insulin sensitivity, atherogenic index of plasma, and CTRP1/CTRP3 levels: the role of combined and high-intensity interval training in overweight and obese women.","authors":"Fatemeh Shahiddoust, Amir Abbas Monazzami","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01123-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01123-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity, defined as excessive body fat accumulation, is closely linked to an increased risk of metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and insulin resistance. This study investigates the effects of combined training (CT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on insulin sensitivity, atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), and serum levels of C1q/TNF-related proteins (CTRP1 and CTRP3) in overweight and obese women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-three overweight and obese women (aged 18-50 years) were randomly divided into three groups: control (CON, n = 10), HIIT(n = 9), and combined training (CT, n = 10). The HIIT protocol consisted of intervals performed at 100% of maximum aerobic velocity (MAV) and rest intervals at 50% of MAV, with a 30-s work-to-rest ratio. The CT sessions included RT followed by AT. RT comprised seven exercises performed in three sets of 10-16 repetitions at 60-75% of one-repetition maximum (1RM). AT involved running for 15-30 min at 60-75% of heart rate reserve. Subjects trained three times per week. Body composition, biochemical, and functional assessments were conducted 48 h before and after the interventions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Body mass index 1.3% and 2% (p = 0.001); TG 1.7%, 1.2% (p = 0.001);LDL 0.93%,0.83% (p = 0.012); HOMA-IR 9.5%,11.7% (p = 0.018); AST 4.2%,11.7% (p = 0.001); ALT 9.3%,10.9% (p = 0.001); 1RM 2.5%, 14.2% (p = 0.001); and maximum oxygen consumption 8%,2.4% (p = 0.001) showed significant improvements in both the HIIT and CT groups,resectively. Additionally, serum levels of CTRP 10.47%,0.34% (p = 0.007); and CTRP3 1.51%,1.53% (p = 0.011) significantly decreased in the HIIT and CT groups,resectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results suggest that HIIT and CT are effective strategies for improving body composition, lipid profile, glycemic control, liver enzyme levels, and functional capacity. Moreover, both exercise modalities were associated with reduced serum levels of the adipokines CTRP1 and CTRP3, highlighting a potential link between these biomarkers and improvements in body composition, lipid profile, glycemic control, and liver enzyme levels.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Registered retrospectively in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20241207063967 N1) on 18/01/2025. Access at https:// https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir/trial/80615 .</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"73"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11977882/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of ground reaction forces and spatiotemporal gait parameters in older adults with sway-back posture and chronic low back pain: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Fatemeh Esmaeilpour, Amir Letafatkar, Mohammad Taghi Karimi, Mehdi Khaleghi, Giacomo Rossettini, Jorge Hugo Villafañe","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01126-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01126-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gait alterations associated with postural deviations are a significant factor contributing to functional limitations in older adults. Among these, sway-back posture has been linked to chronic low back pain (CLBP), defined as pain persisting for more than three months. This study aimed to analyze ground reaction forces (GRFs), loading and unloading rates, spatiotemporal gait parameters, and the asymmetry index (ASI) in older adults with sway-back posture and CLBP (SBCLBP) without adjusting for walking speed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 36 older adults were included and categorized into three groups: 12 with SBCLBP, 12 with CLBP without sway-back posture, and 12 without CLBP. GRFs and spatiotemporal gait parameters-including stride time, cadence, stride length, gait speed, and stance phase duration-were recorded for all participants. GRFs were analyzed at the anteroposterior peaks during heel contact (Fx1) and push-off (Fx2) phases, as well as at the vertical force peaks at heel contact (Fy1), mid-stance (Fy2), and push-off (Fy3) phases. Additionally, mediolateral force peaks (Fz) during heel contact were assessed. The ASI was calculated for all participants. Between-group differences were examined using one-way ANOVA and ANCOVA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cadence, stride length, gait speed, and Fy2 values were significantly lower in the SBCLBP and CLBP groups compared to the control group. Additionally, these parameters were significantly lower in the SBCLBP group than in the CLBP group. However, the loading rate demonstrated greater variability across participants. No significant differences in ASI were observed among the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Older adults with SBCLBP exhibit distinct gait characteristics compared to those with CLBP alone and those without CLBP. These differences may be attributed to structural postural alterations, distinguishing this subgroup from individuals with isolated CLBP. These findings underscore the need for targeted rehabilitation strategies tailored to the specific biomechanical alterations observed in this population. Future research should focus on optimizing intervention protocols to enhance stability and mitigate pain-related gait impairments associated with aging.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Current Controlled Trials using the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry website with ID number of, UMIN000055653 \"Retrospectively registered\" at 27/09/2024.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"71"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974159/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of aerobic training on brachial artery flow-mediated dilation in healthy adults: a meta-analysis of inter-individual response differences in randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Armin H Paravlic, Kristina Drole","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01124-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01124-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to investigate: (a) the effects of aerobic training (AT) on brachial artery endothelial function, measured by flow-mediated dilatation (_baFMD) and whether changes in _baFMD are associated with changes in other cardiovascular health markers in healthy adults; (b) whether intra-individual response differences (IIRD) in _baFMD improvement exist following AT; and (c) the association between participants' baseline characteristics and exercise-induced changes in _baFMD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The search conducted across six databases (PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and EBSCOhost) identified 12 eligible studies. We conducted both traditional meta-analyses identifying the effects of the intervention and IIRD. IIRD meta-analysis was performed to assess if true IIRD between AT and the control group exists for _baFMD. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed by the PEDro scale, while GRADE assessment was used for certainty of evidence evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 12 studies with 385 participants (51% male, 46.3 ± 17.3 [years]) were included in the current review. Meta-analysis revealed improvement in _baFMD post-AT (small MD = 1.92%, 95% CI 0.90 to 2.94, p = 0.001). The standard deviation of change scores in the intervention and control groups suggests that most of the variation in the observed change from pre-to-post intervention is due to other factors (e.g., measurement error, biological variability etc.) unrelated to the intervention itself. However, subgroup meta-analysis revealed that significantly trivial IIRD exists following AT in prehypertensive individuals.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study found small improvements in _baFMD, suggesting an average 19.2% reduction in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, with some individuals-such as prehypertensive individuals-potentially experiencing even greater benefits from AT. However, a meta-analysis based on IIRD suggests that factors unrelated to AT predominantly explain _baFMD changes. Further research is needed to better understand response variability in individuals with cardiovascular risk factors, and longer studies are required to assess IIRD in the general population.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"72"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974082/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}