BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation最新文献

{"title":"Effects of physical exercises on balance in children with down syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Zhuoling Lei, Kun Yuan, Jie Xu, Yan Miao, Yichen Dai, Jibing Wang, Jindong Chang","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01222-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01222-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to systematically explore the effects of different physical exercises on balance ability in children with Down syndrome and to clarify the differences in the effects of various physical exercises on promoting the development of balance ability in children with Down syndrome.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The database search period was from July 1, 2024, to August 31, 2024. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Engineering Village databases were searched for all published studies involving randomized controlled trials from database establishment to August 31, 2024. The screening procedure complied with the stated inclusion and exclusion criteria and adhered strictly to the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool, the methodological quality of the chosen trials was determined. RevMan5.4.1 was used for data analysis, whereas Stata 16.0 was used to assess publication bias.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis incorporated eight randomized controlled trials comprising 260 participants. Meta-analysis showed that physical exercise significantly improved the dynamic balance (SMD = 1.45, 95%CI [1.14, 1.76], p < 0.00001) and total balance (SMD = 1.44, 95%CI [1.04, 1.85], p < 0.00001) in children with Down syndrome.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Physical exercise can improve balance in children with Down syndrome. Among the various exercise modalities, treadmill and core stability training appear to be among the more promising interventions, while Pilates and isokinetic training may also offer beneficial effects.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>The study protocol has been duly registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024557710).</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"165"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12220196/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of blood flow restriction training on aerobic capacity and performance in endurance athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Zekai Zhang, Xuejiao Gao, Lang Gao","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01194-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01194-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although blood flow restriction (BFR) training has been increasingly investigated for its potential to enhance aerobic capacity and performance in endurance athletes, its overall effectiveness remains inconclusive. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of BFR training on aerobic capacity, muscle strength, and endurance performance in endurance athletes compared to the same training without BFR.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Databases searched included PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus through September 2024. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the PEDro tool, with meta-analyses conducted using the R program.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 20 studies, involving 407 subjects, were included in the meta-analysis. The results revealed that BFR training had moderate effects on improving VO_2max (ES = 0.465, 95% CI [0.222, 0.707], P < 0.001)) and endurance performance (ES = 0.693, 95% CI [0.252, 1.135], P < 0.01). Additionally, it demonstrated a large effect on maximal strength (ES = 1.022, 95% CI [0.267, 1.778], P < 0.01) and a small effect on aerobic power (ES = 0.315, 95% CI [0.015, 0.616], P < 0.05). Furthermore, subgroup analyses showed that age, athlete level, training duration, frequency, type, and cuff pressure did not significantly moderate the effectiveness of BFR training.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>BFR training significantly enhances aerobic capacity, muscle strength, and overall performance in endurance athletes compared to similar training without BFR. This approach provides a practical strategy for improving endurance and strength, especially during periods when high-intensity training is less feasible, such as recovery phases or in-season maintenance.</p><p><strong>The prospero registration number: </strong>CRD42024581910.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"160"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12217518/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in ultrasound and bioelectrical-derived body composition parameters in response to training load during pre-season in professional male road cyclists.","authors":"Andrea Giorgi, Francesco Campa, Martino V Franchi, Maurizio Vicini, Borja Martinez-Gonzalez","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01213-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01213-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The pre-season is commonly a period during which cyclists implement interventions to optimize performance, training, and body composition. Ultrasonography and bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) can serve as efficient methods to track changes in body fat and lean soft tissue. This study aimed to longitudinally monitor changes in subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness and fluids during the pre-season in response to training load.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve professional male cyclists participated in the study. Body composition and field performance data were collected on three occasions over three months during the pre-season: December (T1), January (T2), and February (T3).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant reductions in total subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness (p = 0.001; ES = 0.45) and fat mass percentage (p = 0.005; ES = 0.38) were observed. Phase angle increased (p < 0.001; ES = 0.68), while the impedance vector decreased (p < 0.001; ES = 0.66). Training metrics, including distance, elevation gain, and workload, increased. Improvements were recorded in 5-min, 20-min, and 60-min mean maximal power outputs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Professional road cyclists exhibited reduced adiposity, particularly in the lower limbs, alongside increases in soft tissue and extracellular fluids during the pre-season. Monitoring body composition during the pre-season using ultrasonography and BIVA can provide valuable insights for coaches, sports scientists, and medical staff, enabling them to tailor training loads and optimize cyclists' readiness for the competitive season.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12220630/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of different interval training methods on athletes' oxygen uptake: a systematic review with pairwise and network meta-analysis.","authors":"Qiushi Yang, Junli Wang, Dongyang Guan","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01191-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01191-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To (i) examine the effect size and the ranking of the training effects for the high-intensity interval training (HIIT), sprint interval training (SIT), and repeated sprint training (RST) on athletes' VO₂max through network meta-analysis. (ii) investigate the effects of the training program protocols of the three methods on the improvement of VO₂max through pairwise meta-analysis and meta-regression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search of four databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus) were conducted on April 1, 2025. 51 eligible studies (1,261 athletes), evaluating the direct/indirect effects of HIIT, SIT, RST versus continuous training (CT) and conventional training (CON). Frequentist network meta-analysis quantified effect sizes (NMAs' g) and probabilistic rankings (P-scores), while three-level meta-regression modeled dose-response relationships for training parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All three interval training methods significantly increased VO₂max compared to CON, with NMA rankings: RST (NMA's g = 1.04) > HIIT (NMA's g = 1.01) > SIT (NMA's g = 0.69) > CT (NMA's g = 0.29), no significant differences existed among RST, HIIT, and SIT (p > 0.05). Subgroup analyses showed HIIT efficacy was moderated by athlete level, whereas SIT improvements were influenced by intervention duration, training frequency, and training mode. Meta-regression identified inverted U-shaped relationships for HIIT, with peak benefits at 140 s work duration and a work-to-recovery ratio (WRR) of 0.85. For SIT, improvements are not significant when recovery durations exceeding 97 s.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RST, HIIT, and SIT all enhance VO₂max in athletes, with RST demonstrating the strongest probabilistic efficacy. Optimal protocols include 3-6 weeks of running-based HIIT (140 s work, 165 s recovery) or SIT (≤ 30 s sprints, < 97 s recovery) at 3 sessions per week. Conducting RST 3 sessions a week for two weeks is sufficient to achieve improvements.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO CRD42023435021.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12218014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A preliminary exploration of plantar load distributions and foot postures in Taiwanese collegiate athletes with Morton's neuroma.","authors":"Tong-Hsien Chow","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01207-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01207-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Research on Morton's neuroma (MN) has seen limited advancement in recent years, leading to a lack of quantitative studies on the foot patterns of affected patients. Given the various age-related factors influencing foot bone deformities in elderly patients with MN, conclusions regarding their foot patterns remain uncertain. This study aims to investigate the plantar load distributions and foot postures in collegiate athletes diagnosed with MN.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 36 asymptomatic volunteers and 45 participants diagnosed with MN. The JC Mat optical plantar load analyzer was employed to assess arch index (AI), plantar load distributions, center of gravity and hallux angles during static stances, while also evaluating rearfoot postural alignment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants with MN demonstrated symmetrical and normal AI values. Left-foot MN participants exhibited significantly higher plantar loads at the lateral metatarsal of the left foot (p = 0.003) and the medial heels of both feet (left foot, p = 0.004; right foot, p = 0.003), while those with right-foot MN experienced increased loads primarily at the lateral metatarsals of both feet (left foot, p = 0.009; right foot, p = 0.000) and the medial longitudinal arch of the left foot (p = 0.021). Both MN groups exhibited a compensatory shift in the center of gravity toward the asymptomatic foot. Furthermore, left-foot MN participants showed increased hallux valgus angles (p = 0.001) and rearfoot varus angles (p = 0.043) in the affected foot, while right-foot MN participants exhibited increased hallux valgus angles (p = 0.021) in the affected foot and rearfoot varus angles in both feet (left foot, p = 0.033; right foot, p = 0.049).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Taiwanese collegiate athletes with MN exhibited normal arches, with plantar loads primarily distributed at the lateral metatarsals of both feet. The affected foot displayed hallux valgus and rearfoot varus. These findings underscore a compensatory shift in the center of gravity toward the asymptomatic foot and a potential link between hallux valgus, rearfoot varus, and the MN condition. The results offer insights into biomechanical adaptations and potential targets for clinical interventions in MN management, suggesting that hallux valgus may serve as a visible predictive marker for MN-related pathological changes, which may facilitate early diagnosis and inform personalized treatment strategies.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This study was registered at the UK's Clinical Study Registry. (Trial Registration Number: ISRCTN17467973; Date: 09/01/2025; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN17467973 ).</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12220002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of external ankle support and dual-tasking on gait in patients with chronic lateral ankle instability.","authors":"Jianing Xu, Yonglei Huang, Ming Li, Shasha Liu, Wenxin Niu, Taoli Wang","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01215-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01215-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"151"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12210580/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What are the characteristics of professional league referees' running performance in different situations?","authors":"Mu Fan, Yecheng Deng, Xunan Chen, Anqi Cao, Hui Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01227-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01227-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study investigates the characteristics and patterns of referees' running performance under various match situations, using the Chinese Super League (CSL) as a case study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Running performance data were collected and analyzed using ProZone^® (Leeds, UK) wearable tracking technology based on observations of field referees during the 2019 CSL season. The dataset comprises 30 referees across 240 matches, totaling 22,994 min of match time. Key metrics analyzed sprinting, high-speed running (HSR), fast running (FR), and total distance (TD). Each match was segmented on a minute-by-minute basis according to different situational contexts. Running performance was compared across situational variables, such as referee nationality, match periods (halves, 15 intervals, and any 5-minute intervals), and match situation (scoring status and differences).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences in running performance were observed between international and Chinese referees, except in FR. The highest levels of running activity were observed during the first half, the initial 15 min of the match, and additional time at the end of each half. During different phases of match progression, referees exhibited the highest running volumes when the match was tied, when the home team was behind, or when there was a significant score difference.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings offer valuable insights for designing referees' daily physical training programs. They suggest that referees should actively regulate their running pace during matches in response to dynamic changes in team scores to maintain optimal physical conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"153"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12219817/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Methods for assessing exercise fidelity in unsupervised home-based cardiovascular rehabilitation: a scoping review.","authors":"Mohammad Jarallah, Thomas M Withers, Sheeba Rosewilliam, Afroditi Stathi, Colin J Greaves","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01235-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01235-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"152"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12220618/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise interventions in patients with multiple myeloma: a scoping review.","authors":"Jiayao Li, Yi Peng, Di Zhan, Ying Zhang, Shanshan Yu","doi":"10.1186/s13102-025-01193-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-025-01193-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) frequently experience impaired motor function and reduced quality of life. While exercise interventions play a vital role, no standardized guidelines tailored specifically to MM patients currently exist. This article reviews the scope of exercise interventions for patients with MM and further analyzes the current situation, providing references for early rehabilitation.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This article aims to systematically analyze the application of exercise interventions in the rehabilitation of patients with MM, clarify the specific content, outcome indicators, and effects of exercise interventions, and provide relevant references for medical staff.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a scoping review methodology, we systematically conducted computerized searches across both Chinese (e.g., CNKI, Wanfang, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database) and international databases (e.g., Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase) in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR checklist. The search timeframe encompassed records from database inception through 1 October 2024. Relevant literature meeting inclusion criteria underwent systematic summarization and critical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 17 studies were included, comprising 10 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 4 single-arm trials, 1 retrospective cohort study, and 2 quasi-experimental studies‌. The types of exercise included aerobic exercise, resistance training, and Nordic walking (with a frequency of 3 to 5 times per week for 30 to 60 min each session).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although existing studies exhibit inconsistencies in exercise types, parameters, supervision protocols, and limited evidence quality, our scoping review of relevant research findings demonstrates that exercise interventions positively improved fatigue levels, functional capacity, quality of life, and psychological well-being in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). This conclusion holds clinical relevance, as it not only addresses patients' concerns regarding exercise safety but also provides evidence-based guidance for healthcare professionals in developing personalized exercise plans tailored to patients at different treatment stages. Future research should prioritize establishing standardized, individualized exercise protocols based on patient profiles, particularly for those with bone metastases.</p><p><strong>Registration details: </strong>Open Science Framework ( https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/UDWM4 ).</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"148"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12147358/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144259150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of caffeine on attack decision-making in trained beach volleyball players following prolonged cognitive effort induced by social media use: a randomized, single-blind, crossover pilot study.","authors":"Yago P Costa, Bianca Stefanny Lopes-da-Silva, Fabiano S Fonseca, Maicon Albuquerque, Gilmário R Batista, Leonardo S Fortes","doi":"10.1186/s13102-024-01052-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-024-01052-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mental fatigue is a psychobiological state characterized by a feeling of tiredness or lack of energy after performing cognitive activities. Recently, studies have found that prolonged use of social media can cause mental fatigue and consequently impair decision-making performance in athletes. On the other hand, caffeine may counteract mental fatigue by antagonizing adenosine. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the effect of caffeine on the attack decision-making skill of trained beach volleyball players after prolonged cognitive effort by using social media on smartphones.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve trained young male beach volleyball players (Age_mean: 18.38 ± 1.49 years old; Height_mean: 179.83 ± 7.54 cm; Body mass_mean: 73.14 ± 16.42 Kg) were recruited to a randomized, single-blind, crossover pilot study. Participants performed a beach volleyball task on low-dose caffeine (CAF: 3 mg/kg) or placebo (PLAC: crystallized cellulose) conditions after cognitive effort by social media use. In both conditions, participants used social media for 30 min and took capsules (CAF or PLAC, without identifying the type of capsule) 60 min before the beach volleyball task. Mental fatigue was assessed by visual analog scale and executive function by Stroop task (accuracy and response time). The Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI) was used to assess attack decision-making skills through video recordings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The subjective perception of mental fatigue increased only in the CAF condition (p = 0.018), and Stroop task performance was not different for all variables analyzed in both conditions (p > 0.05). Finally, the decision-making skill was not different between situations in attack (p = 0.890; d = 0.054) or counterattack (p = 0.617; d = 0.141).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>At similar levels of mental fatigue, low-dose caffeine was not superior to placebo in improving attack decision-making. Considering the limitations of time and sample size, the results must be interpreted with caution.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>Brazilian Clinical Trial Register (RBR-2yyd8jb). Registered 01 January 2024 (Retrospectively registered).</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":"17 1","pages":"145"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12139330/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144235641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}