BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of high-intensity interval training protocol designs on accumulated time ≥ 90% V̇O₂max: a network meta-analysis.","authors":"Steffen Held, Ludwig Rappelt, Florian Micke, Tim Wiedenmann, Lars Donath","doi":"10.1186/s13102-026-01891-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-026-01891-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accumulated time ≥ 90% of maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O₂max) during high-intensity interval training (HIIT) represents a key stimulus for aerobic adaptations. Thus, this network meta-analysis (NMA) aimed to compare different HIIT protocol structures with respect to accumulated time ≥ 90% V̇O₂max using direct and indirect evidence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus up to January 31st, 2026 for controlled HIIT studies reporting accumulated time ≥ 90% V̇O₂max in healthy athletes. HIIT protocols were classified using predefined operational rules based on interval duration, work-to-rest structure, intensity pattern, and within-session progression. We conducted a frequentist NMA using standardized mean differences (SMD) within a random effects model, with even long intervals as the reference condition, and added local inconsistency and contribution diagnostics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nineteen publications contributed 20 study units, including 240 athletes (25.5 ± 5.3 years; V̇O₂max 60.5 ± 8.1 ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹). The network demonstrated substantial heterogeneity and significant inconsistency (I² = 69.2%, 95% CI 49.9% to 81.0%; total Q = 55.12, df = 17, p < 0.0001; between-design Q = 20.78, df = 6, p = 0.002). None of the HIIT approaches differed significantly from even long intervals in accumulated time ≥ 90% V̇O₂max. Point estimates were highest for decreased-duration (SMD = 0.87, 95% CI -0.30 to 2.04) and varied-intensity protocols (SMD = 0.54, 95% CI -0.42 to 1.49), whereas 1:1 blocks showed the lowest point estimate (SMD = -0.68, 95% CI -1.40 to 0.04). P-score ranking favored decreased-duration (89.6%), followed by varied-intensity (76.7%) and decreased-intensity protocols (68.4%), while 1:1 blocks ranked lowest (2.8%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>No HIIT protocol structure showed clear superiority for accumulated time ≥ 90% V̇O₂max. Decreased-duration and varied-intensity protocols ranked highest, but these rankings were exploratory because all reference comparisons were statistically non-significant and the network showed substantial heterogeneity, significant inconsistency, and sparse evidence for several nodes. Protocol selection should therefore prioritize feasibility, athlete characteristics, and workload-matching considerations rather than ranking alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13390209/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148550932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of an eight-week FIFA 11+ program on the landing error scoring system following functional fatigue in adolescent female soccer players with dynamic knee valgus.","authors":"Fatemeh Asadi, Mansour Sahebozamani, Saeid Bahiraei","doi":"10.1186/s13102-026-01906-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-026-01906-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adolescent female soccer players exhibit a disproportionately high risk of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, with dynamic knee valgus (DKV) representing one of the major modifiable biomechanical risk factors, particularly under conditions of functional fatigue. The FIFA 11+ injury prevention program has demonstrated efficacy in reducing lower extremity injury risk, yet its impact on landing mechanics under fatigued conditions in this population remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the effects of an 8-week FIFA 11+ program on Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) scores following a functional fatigue protocol in adolescent female soccer players with DKV.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This parallel-group randomized controlled trial included 21 adolescent female soccer players (aged 13-17 years) exhibiting DKV, allocated to an intervention group (n = 11) receiving the FIFA 11+ program or a control group (n = 10) maintaining standard warm-up routines. LESS assessments were conducted before and after a validated youth soccer fatigue simulation protocol (YoSFS⁵) at baseline and after 8 weeks. A 2 × 2 × 2 mixed-design ANOVA examined the effects of group, time, and fatigue on LESS scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant main effects were observed for time (F_1,19= 4.90,p = 0.039, partial η² = 0.205) and fatigue (F_1,19= 73.49, p < 0.001, partial η² = 0.795). Critically, significant interactions emerged for time × group (F_1,19= 13.51,p = 0.002, partial η² = 0.416), time × fatigue (F_1,19= 15.95,p < 0.001, partial η² = 0.456), and time × fatigue × group (F_1,19= 4.62, p = 0.045, partial η² = 0.196). The intervention group demonstrated substantial reductions in LESS scores post-intervention, particularly under fatigued conditions (-34.2% vs. +3.1% in controls).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The 8-week FIFA 11+ program significantly improved landing mechanics and attenuated fatigue-induced deteriorations in adolescent female soccer players with DKV. These findings highlight the program's potential to improve the maintenance of landing mechanics during high-risk fatigued states, with potential implications for improving biomechanical factors associated with ACL injury risk during fatigue.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT), IRCT20250818066901N1, registered 24/09/2025.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13673718/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148551016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcome indicators and effectiveness of nutrition education for athletes: a systematic review.","authors":"Wakako Tatsuta, Saki Nakamura, Takayo Inayama, Emi Nakazaki, Mutsumi Ogawa","doi":"10.1186/s13102-026-01900-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-026-01900-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Appropriate management of health and nutritional status is essential for athletes to maintain performance, enhance recovery, and prevent injuries. Nutrition education aims to improve health and nutritional status through changes in dietary behaviors, thereby supporting athletic sustainability and quality of life. Previous systematic reviews have primarily focused on intermediate outcomes such as nutrition knowledge and behaviors, whereas health and nutritional status as final outcomes and the effectiveness of nutrition education interventions have not been systematically organized. This review aimed to (1) summarize health and nutritional status outcome measures used in nutrition education intervention studies targeting athletes and (2) examine the effectiveness of these interventions in relation to outcome consistency and alignment with intervention objectives.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023417419). Seven databases were searched for studies published between April 2003 and March 2025. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, non-randomized controlled trials, and pre-post intervention studies involving athletes aged ≥ 12 years. Nutrition education interventions included lectures, counseling, and face-to-face or online programs delivered to individuals and/or groups. Outcomes included objective and/or subjective indicators of health and nutritional status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-four studies involving 845 athletes were included. All studies assessed anthropometric or body composition measures such as body weight, fat mass, and fat-free mass. Biochemical indicators were less frequently used, with hydration status assessed by urine specific gravity in three studies and blood biomarkers in three studies. Subjective health-related outcomes were rarely evaluated. Intermediate outcomes such as nutrition knowledge and dietary behaviors were assessed in 12 studies. Studies in which intervention objectives, educational content, and outcome measures were aligned tended to report improvements corresponding to their stated objectives.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In nutrition education intervention studies targeting athletes, objective measures of body weight and body composition are commonly used, whereas subjective health status assessments remain limited. Nutrition education may be effective for intermediate outcomes such as nutrition knowledge and dietary behaviors, but evidence for effectiveness in physiological and biochemical outcomes remains inconclusive. Aligning intervention objectives, educational content, and evaluation measures within a nutrition management framework may be important for appropriately evaluating effectiveness. Repeated nutrition education interventions may contribute to sustainable behavioral and health-related changes in athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13673610/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148550952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey of underlying risk factors and epidemiology of anterior knee pain in semi-professional male basketball players.","authors":"Chiara Busso, Marco Vitturini, Marta Andrighetti, Paola Berchialla, Gabriele Framarin, Marco Trucco","doi":"10.1186/s13102-026-01866-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-026-01866-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anterior knee pain (AKP) is highly prevalent in jumping sports and represents a frequent cause of functional limitation among basketball players, with patellar tendinopathy considered the most common underlying cause. While AKP has been extensively studied in elite and collegiate athletes, limited evidence is available for semi-professional players, who represent the majority of competitive basketball participants and often face high training demands with limited medical support. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of AKP and identify associated risk factors in semi-professional male basketball players.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional, web-based survey was conducted among players competing in Serie B-D in two regions of Italy. AKP was defined using a combined screening question and anatomical pain localization. Prespecified demographic, anthropometric, training-related, competitive, occupational, and lifestyle predictors were collected via a self-administered questionnaire. Knee-related functional impairment was assessed using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Overuse Injury Questionnaire (OSTRC-O2-IT). Associations between predictors and AKP were examined using Bayesian multivariable logistic regression. Model-based predicted probabilities were also estimated across weekly training load.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 371 valid responses were included in the final analysis from 549 survey responses, corresponding to approximately 36.6% of the estimated target population. The prevalence of self-reported AKP was 23.5% (95% CrI 19.4-28.0). Players with AKP reported substantially greater functional impairment than AKP-negative players (mean OSTRC Severity Index Score 32.9 ± 20.9 vs. 3.7 ± 13.0). Higher weekly training volume was associated with increased odds of AKP (OR 1.18 per 60-minute increase in weekly training volume; 95% CrI 1.04-1.35), while a greater playing experience was associated with lower odds of AKP (OR 0.89; 95% CrI 0.80-0.98). Smoking was associated with higher odds of AKP (OR 2.38; 95% CrI 1.20-4.77). Model-based predicted probabilities demonstrated a progressive increase in AKP risk with higher weekly training load.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AKP affected nearly one in four semi-professional male basketball players and was associated with significant functional impairment. Higher training load and smoking were associated with increased probability of AKP, whereas greater playing experience showed an inverse association. These findings highlight the importance of early screening and load monitoring to identify players at risk and support preventive strategies aimed at reducing progression toward chronic patellar tendinopathy in semi-professional basketball.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13673917/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148550906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic accuracy of biodex balance system stability indices under single- and dual-task conditions in individuals with chronic ankle instability.","authors":"Nahid Pirayeh, Aida Shahbazi, Neda Mostafaee, Zahra Kosarian","doi":"10.1186/s13102-026-01908-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-026-01908-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although balance deficits in chronic ankle instability (CAI) have been well documented, the diagnostic accuracy of instrumented balance measures-particularly under dual-task conditions-for differentiating individuals with CAI from copers remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the discriminative ability and diagnostic accuracy of Biodex Balance System stability indices, with and without a concurrent cognitive task, in differentiating individuals with CAI from copers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventy participants with a history of lateral ankle sprain were classified into a CAI group (n = 35) or a coper group (n = 35) based on clinical history and Identification of Functional Ankle Instability (IdFAI) scores. Dynamic balance was assessed using the Biodex Balance System at stability levels 5 and 7. Anterior-posterior (AP), medial-lateral (ML), and overall stability indices were recorded under single-task and dual-task (cognitive counting) conditions. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to determine sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve (AUC), likelihood ratios, predictive values, and optimal cutoff points.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant between-group differences were observed for 13 of the 24 assessed stability indices, with medium-to-large effect sizes identified for several ML stability measures under dual-task conditions. The ML stability index at level 5 (eyes open with and without a cognitive task), level 5 with eyes closed and cognitive task, overall stability index at level 5 with eyes open and cognitive task, and ML stability index at level 7 with eyes open and cognitive task yielded moderate AUC values (0.71-0.76). Among these measures, the ML stability index at level 7 with eyes open and cognitive task showed the highest sensitivity (0.74) and lowest negative likelihood ratio (0.40), while the ML stability index at level 5 with eyes open demonstrated the highest specificity (0.75) and positive likelihood ratio (2.44).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Biodex Balance System stability indices, particularly medial-lateral measures obtained under dual-task conditions, demonstrated moderate diagnostic utility for differentiating individuals with CAI from copers. These measures may provide complementary information regarding sensorimotor impairments and may assist clinical assessment and rehabilitation monitoring when used alongside patient history and self-reported instability measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13673776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148537358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A biomechanical and physiological comparison of standard and mini-bike cycle ergometry.","authors":"Rodrigo Bini, Jayden Hunter, Blake Collins, Sam Tucker, Monica Mally, Michael Kingsley","doi":"10.1186/s13102-026-01881-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-026-01881-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The affordability and portability of mini-bikes have contributed to their growing popularity as individuals seek convenient ways to increase daily energy expenditure. However, there is limited research examining the biomechanics and physiological responses associated with cycling on these devices. This study examined the biomechanical and physiological demands of mini-bikes in comparison to conventional stationary cycling at comparable subjective exercise intensity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fourteen adults cycled for 15-min on a mini-bike and on a cycle ergometer in a randomised order whilst [Formula: see text]O₂, HR and RPE, movement (torso and lower limbs) and pedal forces were recorded. Power output (PO), external and internal work (hip, knee, ankle and lower limb) were compared between bikes and temporal comparisons were conducted for joint angles, joint and pedal power and pedal forces. Without differences in [Formula: see text]O₂, HR or RPE between bikes, cycling mini-bikes elicited lower PO and work (external, internal, hip and knee joints) than with the cycle ergometer (p < 0.01 and effect size > 1.44). Temporal analysis highlighted a more limited range of motion for the hip and knee joints for the mini-bike.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that a combination of reduced crank length and difference in posture makes the mini-bikes a convenient alternative to conventional stationary cycling, potentially reducing internal load and lower mechanical efficiency that may impact energy expenditure.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12624001195549p on the 30/09/2024 (number ACTRN12624001195549p).</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148537371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of physical and mental health in youth with disabilities: the role of Paralympic sport participation.","authors":"Luca Puce, Carlo Biz, Piergiorgio Andrisano, Pietro Ruggieri, Piotr Zmijewski, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi","doi":"10.1186/s13102-026-01893-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-026-01893-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to examine the predictors of physical and mental health in a large sample of young people with disabilities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 1,134 participants (mean age: 17.46 years; standard deviation: 3.71) completed the SF-12 questionnaire, which provides physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) health scores. Participants were categorized based on their Paralympic participation (individual, team, or non-athlete), disability type, geographical region, and residential context. Multivariate linear regression models were used to identify independent predictors of PCS and MCS scores while controlling for relevant covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PCS scores were higher in participants of individual (46.5) and team (47.6) sports than in non-athletes (39.3; p < 0.001), with no significant differences between the athlete groups (p = 0.324). Similarly, MCS scores were higher in participants in both individual (48.9) and team (48.8) sports than in non-athletes (34.3; p < 0.001), with no significant differences between sport types (p = 0.999). The PCS model (R² = 0.172) identified the following positive predictors: residence in Northern or Southern Europe (p = 0.001 and p = 0.020, respectively); participation in sports activities (p < 0.001); living in rural areas (p = 0.016); and presence of an intellectual disability (p = 0.003). A negative predictive factor was the presence of a neurological disability (p < 0.001). The MCS model (R² = 0.348) identified southern European origin (p = 0.014), participation in sports activities (p < 0.001) and intellectual disability (p = 0.037) as positive predictors, while advanced age (p = 0.025) and acquired disability (p < 0.001) were identified as negative predictors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Paralympic sport was the strongest predictor of better physical and mental health, followed by geographical origin, age, disability type and residential setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13673733/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148550941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomechanical analysis of countermovement jump performance before and after long-distance run with arch support footwear.","authors":"Kui Wan, Junfeng Wang, Yifei Huang, Meng Sun, Yuming Wang, Yuan Wang, Junjie Fang, Qichang Mei","doi":"10.1186/s13102-026-01877-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-026-01877-5","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Long-distance running induces acute lower-limb fatigue, and arch-support footwear is widely used to modulate foot mechanics; however, how arch-support height interacts with running-induced fatigue to affect countermovement jump (CMJ) take-off biomechanics remains unclear.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Purpose: &lt;/strong&gt;To investigate the effect of acute fatigue from half-marathon and arch support heights on countermovement jump (CMJ) biomechanics, and to elucidate the potential mechanism.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Twenty-one male recreational runners completed countermovement jump (CMJ) tests before and after a half-marathon under two footwear conditions: low arch support (AS-5 mm) and high arch support (AS-20 mm), representing minimal versus pronounced midfoot support. Before testing, foot arch type was screened with the ink-footprint method and the Arch Index (AI; Cavanagh and Rodgers, 1987); all participants had normal arches (0.21 ≤ AI ≤ 0.26, 0.24 ± 0.02). Three-dimensional kinematics and ground reaction forces were captured using a Vicon motion-capture system and Kistler force plates, and lower-limb joint angles and net joint moments (hip, knee, ankle) were computed in OpenSim. Outcome measures were hip, knee and ankle joint angles and net moments, and jump height. Joint waveforms were time-normalized to 0-100% of the CMJ take-off cycle (from movement onset to toe-off). Jump height was analyzed with two-way repeated-measures ANOVA (factors: arch support and fatigue); joint waveforms were analyzed with two-way repeated-measures ANOVA in SPM1d to test the main effects of arch support and fatigue and their interaction.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Regarding arch support, hip flexion angle in AS-5 mm was significantly greater than AS-20 mm during 0-100%, knee flexion angle during 0-99%, and ankle dorsiflexion angle during 0-23% (p &lt; 0.01), with jump height in AS-5 mm approximately 20.5% greater than AS-20 mm (p &lt; 0.001). Regarding fatigue, post-fatigue hip internal rotation angle increased significantly during 0-79% and 81-100% (p &lt; 0.01), knee flexion angle increased during 32-58% (p &lt; 0.01), and knee adduction angle increased (p &lt; 0.01). Regarding interaction effect, under AS-5 mm condition, post-fatigue hip internal rotation angle increased significantly during 0-100%, and knee abduction angle decreased significantly during 0-32% and 87-100% (p &lt; 0.01), whereas changes in AS-20 mm were relatively minor, indicating that high arch support effectively mitigates the negative effects of fatigue on lower limb joint stability.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Low arch-support shoes were associated with greater lower-limb joint range of motion and an approximately 20.5% greater jump height than high arch-support shoes. Acute fatigue reduces neuromuscular control by increasing hip internal rotation and altering knee joint kinematics. High arch support shoes maintain foot stability and reduce compensatory movements of proxi","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13673788/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148550897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of stroboscopic visual training on sport performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis with exploratory exposure-response modelling.","authors":"Jianhao Lu, Meng Liu, Suyan Xu, Liang Zhang, Dapeng Bao, Zhipeng Xue, Lingzhi He, Yan Huang, Ke Bao, Olivier Girard","doi":"10.1186/s13102-026-01765-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-026-01765-y","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Stroboscopic visual training (SVT) intermittently occludes vision during skill execution to increase perceptual‑cognitive demand and improve information pickup. Evidence in sport is heterogeneous, and key exposure parameters are inconsistently reported; therefore, we quantified SVT effects and explored whether a duty‑cycle‑adjusted exposure metric relates to performance change.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Embase and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched from inception to 19 August 2025 for controlled studies comparing SVT with non‑stroboscopic controls in athletes or physically active participants. Outcomes were grouped as perceptual‑cognitive, visuomotor reaction time, motor speed/reactive agility, or visual tracking. Random-effects meta-analysis (REML) computed pooled Hedges' g. Because some studies contributed more than one comparison-level effect size, a multilevel random-effects model with comparisons nested within studies was fitted as a robustness check, and variance partitioning was used to describe the relative contribution of within-study versus between-study heterogeneity. Analyses were stratified by exposure timescale (acute single‑session vs multi‑session programmes). Exposure-response modelling used occlusion‑minutes (training minutes × opaque duty‑cycle fraction) when dose data were available.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Seventeen studies (513 participants; 22 comparison-level effect sizes) were included. Overall, SVT improved sport-related outcomes (g = 0.79, 95% CI 0.39-1.19; I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 84.3%; 95% prediction interval - 1.02 to 2.60). A multilevel random-effects model yielded a similar pooled estimate (g = 0.84, 95% CI 0.33-1.34; p = 0.001) and suggested that heterogeneity was predominantly between studies. Benefits were evident for multi-session programmes (15 studies; k = 20; g = 0.88, 95% CI 0.45-1.32) but not for acute exposures (2 studies; k = 2; g = 0.06, 95% CI - 0.26 to 0.38). Pooled effects were largest for perceptual-cognitive tasks (3 studies; k = 3; g = 1.23) and visuomotor reaction time (11 studies; k = 12; g = 0.99), and smaller for motor speed / reactive agility (6 studies; k = 6; g = 0.35). In the multi-session reaction-time subset with dose data (5 studies; k = 5; occlusion-minutes 94.9-325.2), occlusion-minutes were not associated with effect size (linear meta-regression slope = - 0.0016 g per occlusion-minute, 95% CI - 0.0058 to 0.0025; p = 0.503). Publication bias analyses did not suggest small-study effects (Egger p = 0.289; trim-and-fill: 0 studies imputed).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;SVT shows a moderate-to-large average benefit across heterogeneous designs, driven primarily by multi-session programmes. Evidence is stronger for near-to-intermediate transfer outcomes than for acute effects or far transfer to representative sport performance. Current data are insufficient to define an optimal SVT dose based on occlusion","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13673800/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148550895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The energy expenditure and substrate oxidation of treadmill running and cycle ergometer exercise in normal-weight and obese men.","authors":"Jingjing Xue, Shuo Li, Tingting Sun, Kongjun Zhang, Ping Hong","doi":"10.1186/s13102-026-01895-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13102-026-01895-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The purpose of the study was to assess energy expenditure and substrate oxidation to treadmill running (TR) and cycle ergometer (CE) exercise in normal-weight (NW) and obese (OB) men.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>27 NW (BMI: 21.2 ± 1.2 kg/m²) and 25 OB (BMI: 27.2 ± 1.3 kg/m²) men were recruited in this study. Each participant completed resting metabolic rate and energy expenditure tests during the fixed absolute workloads (TR at 7 and 8 km/h and CE at 50 and 100 W) by indirect calorimetry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Gross VO₂ (L/min) was higher for OB during CE at 100 W (p < 0.05), and TR at 7 and 8 km/h (both p < 0.01), no difference was found when the values were adjusted for FFM, but lower gross (all p < 0.01) and net VO₂ (all p < 0.05) when the values were adjusted for body mass. While net energy expenditure (kcal/min) was greater for OB group during TR at 7 and 8 km/h (both p < 0.01), but similar in both groups during CE at 50 and 100 W. For CE, gross efficiency was significantly lower in OB during CE at 50 and 100 W (both p < 0.01), but no difference was found in net efficiency. A higher fat oxidation rate was found during CE at 50 and 100 W (both p < 0.05) for OB than NW. For both NW and OB subjects, fat contribution was greater during CE at 50 W than CE at 100 W (both p < 0.01). Obesity significantly affected gross and net VO₂ and fat oxidation but showed no significant main effect on CHO oxidation, however, a significant obesity × type interaction was found in CHO oxidation (F = 10.325, p = 0.002, partial η² = 0.171). While exercise type and intensity appear to have a significant effect on CHO oxidation (with type × intensity interaction), only exercise type appears to have a significant effect on fat oxidation (without interaction with intensity).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggested that OB showed the higher energy cost than NW during CE at higher intensity and TR. CE without weight burden resulted in a greater fat oxidation rate and higher fat oxidation contribution in OB than NW. For cycling, net efficiency does not differ between NW and OB subjects. Exercise type and intensity are both factors influencing substrate oxidation during exercise. It is concluded that the exercise type and intensity have to be taken into account when prescribing for obese subjects. Future studies should apply equal relative physiological intensities to interpret the energy expenditure and substrate oxidation differences between normal and obese subjects.</p>","PeriodicalId":48585,"journal":{"name":"BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13670525/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148537329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}