Underground Space最新文献

{"title":"Monthly advance rate estimation of hard rock tunnel boring machine based on rock mass classification and data augmentation","authors":"Honggan Yu ,&nbsp;Yin Bo ,&nbsp;Quansheng Liu ,&nbsp;Xuhui Yang ,&nbsp;Shuzhan Xu ,&nbsp;Xing Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.undsp.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.undsp.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurately estimating the monthly advance rate of hard rock tunnel boring machine is of great significance for construction method selection, machine type determination, and project planning. However, current researches mainly focus on estimating the advance rate during construction, and few studies can estimate the advance rate from the entire tunnel scale. To overcome above shortcomings, a monthly advance rate estimation method based on rock mass classification and data augmentation is proposed. Firstly, 56 cases of tunnel boring machine are collected, and proportions of all rock mass grades in basic quality system of the entire tunnel are selected as main inputs of the model. Then, a two-stage data augmentation method based on synthetic minority over-sampling technique and modified auxiliary classifier generative adversarial network is developed. Finally, monthly advance rate estimation models based on machine learning and augmented datasets are established. The results show that the proposed method can accurately estimate the monthly advance rate and the data augmentation method can significantly augment the dataset. The average accuracy of the models is improved by 44.82% after data augmentation. Extreme gradient boosting model performs the best, with an accuracy of 90.31%. Therefore, the proposed method can accurately estimate the monthly advance rate of tunnel boring machine from the tunnel scale and has essential academic and engineering value.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48505,"journal":{"name":"Underground Space","volume":"23 ","pages":"Pages 175-192"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimizing problems and maximizing benefits from underground space use","authors":"Raymond L. Sterling","doi":"10.1016/j.undsp.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.undsp.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For thousands of years, humans have used the underground for many purposes and we are now in an era when such uses are becoming more important to support our living patterns, our material needs and to improve the sustainability of our way of life. Many underground facilities serve their intended function well and have proven to have long lifetimes. Some have not been so successful for a variety of reasons or have been retired as no longer meeting the original purpose and not being suitable for conversion to another purpose. While the difference between success and failure is often tied to the specifics of a particular project, this paper seeks to extract some of the general principles that underlie the benefits or drawbacks of different types of underground space uses and how to maximize “success”. The paper is a mixture of the general and the specific because both play a role in success. The paper draws significantly from a recent study of the “lessons learned” from 42 worldwide underground facilities with an average of over 37 years of service mixed with other observations by the author from a career of studying underground space use and underground construction technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48505,"journal":{"name":"Underground Space","volume":"23 ","pages":"Pages 3-22"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to the second Jeme Tien Yow Lecture","authors":"Hehua Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.undsp.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.undsp.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48505,"journal":{"name":"Underground Space","volume":"23 ","pages":"Pages 1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring and strengthening of prestressed concrete cylinder pipes based on distributed acoustic sensing and iron-based shape memory alloys","authors":"Jianghao Ji ,&nbsp;Hong Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Dong ,&nbsp;Yijie Pan ,&nbsp;Shitong Hou ,&nbsp;Liping Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.undsp.2025.01.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.undsp.2025.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes an integrated system for monitoring and strengthening the prestressed concrete cylinder pipe (PCCP) with broken wires, which is based on distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) and self-prestressing iron-based shape memory alloy (Fe-SMA). This system was evaluated in a full-scale study on a PCCP with an inner diameter of 1400 mm and a length of 6000 mm. Firstly, the wire breakage signals were monitored by the DAS system. After that, the PCCP with broken wires were strengthened by Fe-SMA bars, and the mechanical properties were tested. The parameters such as different wire breakage ratios and self-prestressing degrees of Fe-SMA bars were also studied. The results show that the DAS system can identify the time and location of wire breakage; the wire breakage signal is characterized by high amplitude and short duration. After being prestressed with Fe-SMA bars, both the width and length of the main crack, as well as the strains in the concrete, mortar coating, and prestressed steel wires, significantly decreased. Additionally, the higher activation temperature of Fe-SMA bars can effectively offset the negative impact caused by the wire breakage development of PCCP. Combined Fe-SMA with the DAS monitoring system, it enables precise positioning and efficient strengthening of in-service PCCP with broken wires.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48505,"journal":{"name":"Underground Space","volume":"23 ","pages":"Pages 146-160"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hygrothermal behavior of energy diaphragm wall and the induced heat and moisture interaction with adjacent underground space","authors":"Xu Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiaoling Cao ,&nbsp;Ziyu Leng ,&nbsp;Chao Zeng ,&nbsp;Yanping Yuan ,&nbsp;Shady Attia","doi":"10.1016/j.undsp.2025.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.undsp.2025.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the field of design and application of the energy diaphragm wall (EDW), plenty of research was focused on thermal performances and induced mechanical behaviors. The coupled heat and moisture transfer process and the induced impact on the adjacent underground space were lack of attention, which is inevitable due to the high humidity of the surroundings. Therefore, in this paper, a numerical model taking the gradient of the temperature and relative humidity as the driving potential was established to investigate the characteristics of the coupled heat and moisture transfer in the EDW. Firstly, the behavior of the coupled heat and moisture transfer in the summer and winter was investigated separately, and it was compared with the pure thermal model. Results show that the colder the wall surface, the more humid it is. The heat flux is enlarged by the operation of the EDW. Moreover, the heat flux will be underestimated by more than 3.43% in the heat extraction season and by more than 3.90% in the heat injection case if the moisture transfer is not considered. The following long-running investigations have revealed that the latent flux reaches its maximum and minimum value in transition seasons, with a value that is ten times smaller than that of the sensible heat flux. The sensible heat flux reaches 18.7 W/m² in summer, while in winter it is −27.4 W/m². The peak latent heat flux is reduced by 14.7% as a result of the combined effect of changes in surface temperature and humidity, due to the operation of the EDW. Additionally, the magnitude of these fluxes is affected by the indoor conditions (temperature and relative humidity of the indoor air) and the operating temperature of EDW. Therefore, an orthogonal test is performed to evaluate how much the discrepancies are induced by variations in those parameters. The impact of each parameter varies across the seasons (summer, transition season, and winter). However, the indoor relative humidity has a more significant influence on the water vapor flux in all the seasons. This paper provided details about the coupled heat and moisture transfer process in the EDW. Moreover, it attempts to raise an issue about the impact on the hygrothermal load induced by the heat and moisture flux through the wall surface when applying EDW in underground engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48505,"journal":{"name":"Underground Space","volume":"23 ","pages":"Pages 193-219"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practical use of initial displacement monitoring for predicting support behavior with asymmetric deformation in deep tunnel","authors":"Takeshi Sato ,&nbsp;Fumiharu Nakahara ,&nbsp;Kazuo Sakai ,&nbsp;Weiren Lin ,&nbsp;Kiyoshi Kishida","doi":"10.1016/j.undsp.2025.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.undsp.2025.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Displacement monitoring provides essential information for safe and rational tunnel excavation. The data obtained allow engineers to analyze and predict tunnel behavior, facilitating the selection of appropriate supports and the evaluation of their effectiveness. In a recent tunnelling project in the Akaishi Mountains of central Japan, displacement monitoring was intensively implemented to ensure the stability of the 4.2-km-long Hirogawara adit, excavated to a maximum depth of 832 m. Analysis revealed a strong correlation between initial and final displacements. However, the tunnel experienced occasional support deformations. To address this, the trend of 3D absolute displacements was analyzed to predict and evaluate asymmetric deformation. The effective use of 1-cycle displacement monitoring proved critical for predicting final displacements and optimizing rock supports, particularly in cases with high overburden and limited geotechnical information.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48505,"journal":{"name":"Underground Space","volume":"23 ","pages":"Pages 43-67"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144203606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpretation of an artificial ground freezing field trial at Fori Imperiali in Rome","authors":"Giulia Guida ,&nbsp;Arianna Pucci ,&nbsp;Eliano Romani ,&nbsp;Giulia M.B. Viggiani ,&nbsp;Francesca Casini","doi":"10.1016/j.undsp.2024.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.undsp.2024.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper describes a field trial of artificial ground freezing (AGF) carried out in connection with the construction of Line C of Roma underground. AGF was one of the options considered for the temporary stabilisation of the ground during the excavation of Colosseo-Fori Imperiali Station. The field trial aimed at assessing the feasibility of AGF in the complex soil profile and groundwater regime of the subsoil of the historical centre of Roma by establishing the response of the subsoil to the imposed freezing loads, the ability to create a continuous frozen wall, and the associated coolant consumption. The extensive monitoring data were exploited to conduct a detailed analysis of the transient freezing process in the stratified subsoil and used to develop and validate a three-dimensional thermo-hydraulic numerical model. Special attention was given to defining and applying appropriate boundary conditions at the freezing pipes. The paper discusses the main factors affecting the time-dependent freezing process and explores the applicability of simplified two-dimensional models for the Fori Imperiali AGF field trial.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48505,"journal":{"name":"Underground Space","volume":"23 ","pages":"Pages 89-112"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An approach of rock blasting simulation of equivalent blasting dynamic-static action","authors":"Hao Zhang ,&nbsp;Xueyang Xing ,&nbsp;Yiteng Du ,&nbsp;Tingchun Li ,&nbsp;Jianxin Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.undsp.2025.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.undsp.2025.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Various blasting methods in underground engineering involve rock-breaking processes in enclosed spaces. A whole process of rock blasting is completed by the combination of blasting waves and explosion gas. The two actions exhibit different blasting fracturing characteristics in different time and spatial stages. In this study, an approach of rock blasting simulation of equivalent blasting dynamic-static action is proposed. A set of model blasting experiments under plane strain conditions are carried out to verify from the aspects of feasibility and reliability. The results show that the new method realizes the effective coupling of blast waves and explosion gas in terms of rock-breaking characteristics and pressure wave characteristics. The blasting effects have a high similarity between the simulation result and experimental result, and the maximum error on the damage range and the peak stress is 4.02% and 8.90%. The rock breaking mechanisms of three blasting methods in underground engineering that affect the blasting waves and explosion gas are discussed. The superiority of the new method is evaluated. When the decoupling coefficient is increased, an optimal decoupling coefficient is discovered, which reflects the consistency between the blasting results and the actual situation. When the confining pressure is increased, the inhibition ability on quasi-static action is obviously stronger than that of blasting dynamic action. In slotting blasting, the quasi-static action is the main contributor in the formation of holes penetration. The simulation results identify the rock breaking contributions between blasting waves and explosion gas well. The new simulation method can provide a reliable tool for understanding of the rock-blasting mechanism and restoring the whole blasting process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48505,"journal":{"name":"Underground Space","volume":"23 ","pages":"Pages 68-88"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wall movement during dewatering inside a diaphragm wall before soil excavation","authors":"Chao-Feng Zeng ,&nbsp;William Powrie ,&nbsp;Chang-Jie Xu ,&nbsp;Xiu-Li Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.undsp.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.undsp.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Significant movement of in-situ retaining walls is usually assumed to begin with bulk excavation. However, an increasing number of case studies show that lowering the pore water pressures inside a diaphragm wall-type basement enclosure prior to bulk excavation can cause wall movements in the order of some centimeters. This paper describes the results of a laboratory-scale experiment carried out to explore mechanisms of in situ retaining wall movement associated with dewatering inside the enclosure prior to bulk excavation. Dewatering reduces the pore water pressures inside the enclosure more than outside, resulting in the wall moving as an unpropped cantilever supported only by the soil. Lateral effective stresses in the shallow soil behind the wall are reduced, while lateral effective stresses in front of the wall increase. Although the associated lateral movement was small in the laboratory experiment, the movement could be proportionately larger in the field with a less stiff soil and a potentially greater dewatered depth. The implementation of a staged dewatering system, coupled with the potential for phased excavation and propping strategies, can effectively mitigate dewatering-induced wall and soil movements. This approach allows for enhanced stiffness of the wall support system, which can be dynamically adjusted based on real-time displacement monitoring data when necessary.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48505,"journal":{"name":"Underground Space","volume":"22 ","pages":"Pages 355-368"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143829864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multi-scale coupled method for nonlinear dynamic response analysis of mountain tunnels subjected to fault movement","authors":"Zhongxian Liu ,&nbsp;Jiaqiao Liu ,&nbsp;Haitao Yu ,&nbsp;Weiguo He","doi":"10.1016/j.undsp.2024.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.undsp.2024.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces a novel two-step multi-scale coupled method for simulating the nonlinear dynamic behavior of a mountain tunnel subjected to fault movement. In the first step, the broadband seismic responses within a large-scale mountain-fault model can be accurately solved by the indirect boundary element method, converting them into effective input forces around the specified region of interest within the mountain. The second step involves finely simulating the nonlinear dynamic response of the tunnel cross-section in the designated region using the finite element method, with the implementation of a viscoelastic artificial boundary to absorb the reflection of scattered waves at truncated boundaries. Two verification processes are employed to validate the accuracy of the multi-scale coupled method. Furthermore, we illustrate the applicability and efficacy of the new method with an example involving the elastoplastic dynamic analysis of a mountain tunnel under the influence of normal fault movement. The presented example highlights the impact of fault motion parameters, including fault dislocation value and dip angle, on the responses of the mountain tunnel. The results demonstrate that the proposed multi-scale coupled method can achieve full-process seismic simulation, ranging from kilometer-scale fault rupture to centimeter-scale mountain tunnel section damage, with a considerably reduced computational expense.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48505,"journal":{"name":"Underground Space","volume":"23 ","pages":"Pages 243-257"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144290927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}