Underground Space最新文献

{"title":"Minimizing problems and maximizing benefits from underground space use","authors":"Raymond L. Sterling","doi":"10.1016/j.undsp.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.undsp.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For thousands of years, humans have used the underground for many purposes and we are now in an era when such uses are becoming more important to support our living patterns, our material needs and to improve the sustainability of our way of life. Many underground facilities serve their intended function well and have proven to have long lifetimes. Some have not been so successful for a variety of reasons or have been retired as no longer meeting the original purpose and not being suitable for conversion to another purpose. While the difference between success and failure is often tied to the specifics of a particular project, this paper seeks to extract some of the general principles that underlie the benefits or drawbacks of different types of underground space uses and how to maximize “success”. The paper is a mixture of the general and the specific because both play a role in success. The paper draws significantly from a recent study of the “lessons learned” from 42 worldwide underground facilities with an average of over 37 years of service mixed with other observations by the author from a career of studying underground space use and underground construction technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48505,"journal":{"name":"Underground Space","volume":"23 ","pages":"Pages 3-22"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to the second Jeme Tien Yow Lecture","authors":"Hehua Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.undsp.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.undsp.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48505,"journal":{"name":"Underground Space","volume":"23 ","pages":"Pages 1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wall movement during dewatering inside a diaphragm wall before soil excavation","authors":"Chao-Feng Zeng ,&nbsp;William Powrie ,&nbsp;Chang-Jie Xu ,&nbsp;Xiu-Li Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.undsp.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.undsp.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Significant movement of in-situ retaining walls is usually assumed to begin with bulk excavation. However, an increasing number of case studies show that lowering the pore water pressures inside a diaphragm wall-type basement enclosure prior to bulk excavation can cause wall movements in the order of some centimeters. This paper describes the results of a laboratory-scale experiment carried out to explore mechanisms of in situ retaining wall movement associated with dewatering inside the enclosure prior to bulk excavation. Dewatering reduces the pore water pressures inside the enclosure more than outside, resulting in the wall moving as an unpropped cantilever supported only by the soil. Lateral effective stresses in the shallow soil behind the wall are reduced, while lateral effective stresses in front of the wall increase. Although the associated lateral movement was small in the laboratory experiment, the movement could be proportionately larger in the field with a less stiff soil and a potentially greater dewatered depth. The implementation of a staged dewatering system, coupled with the potential for phased excavation and propping strategies, can effectively mitigate dewatering-induced wall and soil movements. This approach allows for enhanced stiffness of the wall support system, which can be dynamically adjusted based on real-time displacement monitoring data when necessary.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48505,"journal":{"name":"Underground Space","volume":"22 ","pages":"Pages 355-368"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143829864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrosion characteristic of multi-ring shield tunnel containing rubber concrete invert-filling under direct stray current","authors":"Shuo Yu ,&nbsp;Hao Jin ,&nbsp;Liangjie Gu ,&nbsp;Peng Gui","doi":"10.1016/j.undsp.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.undsp.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stray current can cause corrosion of underground structural rebar, adding rubber particles to the invert-filling concrete is an effective prevent method to reduce stray current corrosion. In our research, the corrosion calculation model of multi-ring shield tunnel containing rubber concrete invert-filling was established, the coupling analysis of electric field and chemical field in composite structures was realized through mesoscale simulations, and the accuracy of calculation model was verified by full-scale test. Through calculation, the corrosion characteristic of segment rebar and bolt of multi-ring shield tunnel were investigated under different rubber content. The result shows that adding rubber particles to the invert-filling can not only reduce the corrosion current density of segment rebar and tunnel bolt effectively, but also affect the distribution form of rebar corrosion current density in both circumferential and longitudinal directions. When the rubber content increases from 5% to 20%, the maximum corrosion density of segment rebar and tunnel bolt will decrease from 31% to 58% and 30% to 32%, respectively. Under different stray current leakage modes, when the rubber content and input voltage are the same, the segment and bolt corrosion current density under single rail-two points leakage mode is greater than that in the two rails-single point leakage mode.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48505,"journal":{"name":"Underground Space","volume":"22 ","pages":"Pages 337-354"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shield tunneling efficiency and stability enhancement based on interpretable machine learning and multi-objective optimization","authors":"Wenli Liu ,&nbsp;Yang Chen ,&nbsp;Tianxiang Liu ,&nbsp;Wen Liu ,&nbsp;Jue Li ,&nbsp;Yangyang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.undsp.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.undsp.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adequate control of shield machine parameters to ensure the safety and efficiency of shield construction is a difficult and complex problem. To address this problem, this paper proposes a hybrid intelligent optimization framework that combines interpretable machine learning, intelligent optimization algorithms, and multi-objective optimization and decision-making methods. The nonlinear relationship between the input parameters and ground settlement (GS) is fitted based on the light gradient boosting machine (LGBM), and the effect of the input parameters on GS is analysed based on SHapley additive exPlanation for further feature selection. Subsequently, the hyperparameters of LGBM were determined based on the sparrow search algorithm (SSA) to better fit the input–output relationship. On this basis, a multi-objective intelligent optimization model is established to solve the optimized operating parameters of shield machine by non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution to reduce GS and improve drilling efficiency. The results demonstrate that the SSA-LGBM model predicts GS with high accuracy, exhibiting an RMSE of 4.775, a VAF of 0.930 and an <em>R</em>² of 0.931. These metrics collectively reflect the model’s excellent performance in prediction accuracy, ability to explain data variability, and control of prediction bias. The multi-objective optimization model is effective in optimizing two objectives, and the improvement can reach up to 39.38%; at the same time, the model has high scalability and can also be applied to three or more objectives. The intelligent optimization framework for shield construction parameters proposed in this paper can generate the optimal parameter combinations for shield machine manipulation, and provide reference and guidance when there are conflicting optimization objectives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48505,"journal":{"name":"Underground Space","volume":"22 ","pages":"Pages 320-336"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of reinforced ring base depth for vertical shaft sinking in soft soil using VSM method","authors":"Dhyaa A.H. Abualghethe ,&nbsp;Baogang Mu ,&nbsp;Guoliang Dai ,&nbsp;Sijin Liu ,&nbsp;Zhongwei Li ,&nbsp;Songyu Liu ,&nbsp;Lei Han","doi":"10.1016/j.undsp.2024.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.undsp.2024.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Constructing vertical shafts in densely populated urban areas with complex geological conditions poses significant challenges, necessitating innovative construction techniques and design optimization. This study investigates the deformation behavior of a 42.5 m deep shaft excavated using the vertical shaft sinking machine (VSM) method in Shanghai’s soft soil conditions comprising deep cohesive soil layers. Comprehensive numerical analysis simulated the VSM construction process, analysing deformations within the shaft structure, surrounding soil, and adjacent buildings while evaluating the influence of varying reinforced ring base depths. Results reveal a significant 30% reduction in the maximum lateral shaft deformation, from 28 to 20 mm, by increasing the reinforced ring base depth to an optimal 16 m, enhancing lateral stability. Vertical deformations exhibited complex settlement and uplift mechanisms in segmental rings and piles, influenced by factors like excavation stages, pile installation, water pressures, and adjacent loads. The optimal 16 m depth effectively mitigated uplift, and optimized load distribution, limiting the maximum settlement to 12 mm while minimizing dewatering-induced uplift effects. Analysis indicated reduced lateral movements and settlements in surrounding buildings with increasing distance from excavation, highlighting VSM’s potential for minimizing impacts on neighboring structures. This study emphasizes VSM’s suitability for shaft projects in geologically complex areas, providing insights for design, mitigating environmental impacts, and enhancing deep excavation safety and efficiency in soft soils. The findings contribute to optimizing vertical shaft construction, ensuring successful underground infrastructure execution in challenging conditions. Identifying the optimal reinforced ring base depth promotes sustainable urban development by minimizing disturbances. This research advances innovative methods and strategies for complex underground projects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48505,"journal":{"name":"Underground Space","volume":"22 ","pages":"Pages 280-302"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cutting-edge approaches to specific energy prediction in TBM disc cutters: Integrating COSSA-RF model with three interpretative techniques","authors":"Jian Zhou ,&nbsp;Zijian Liu ,&nbsp;Chuanqi Li ,&nbsp;Kun Du ,&nbsp;Haiqing Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.undsp.2024.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.undsp.2024.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Specific energy (SE) is an important index to measure crushing efficiency in mechanized tunnel excavation. Accurate prediction of the SE of tunnel boring machine disc cutters is important for optimizing the crushing process, reducing energy consumption, and minimizing machine wear. Therefore, in this paper, the sparrow search algorithm (SSA), combined with six chaotic mapping strategies, is utilized to optimize the random forest (RF) model for predicting SE, referred to as the COSSA-RF prediction models. For this purpose, an SE prediction database was established for training and validating model performance, encompassing 160 sets of experimental data, each with six input parameters: uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), Brazilian tensile strength (BTS), disc cutter diameter (<em>D</em>), cutter tip width (<em>T</em>), cutter spacing (<em>S</em>), and cutter penetration depth (<em>P</em>), along with a target parameter, SE. The evaluation results indicate that the COSSA-RF models demonstrate superior performance compared to other four machine learning models. In particular, the Chebyshev map-SSA-RF (CHSSA-RF) model achieves the most satisfactory prediction accuracy among all models, resulting in the highest coefficient of determination <em>R</em>² and dynamic variance-weighted global performance indicator values (0.9756 and 0.0814) and the lowest values of root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) (6.4742, 4.0003, and 20.41%). Lastly, the results of interpretability analysis of the best model through SHapley Additive exPlanations, local interpretable model-agnostic explanations, and Vivid methods show that the importance of input parameters ranked as follows: UCS, BTS, <em>P</em>, <em>S</em>, <em>T</em>, and <em>D</em>. Moreover, interactions between parameters (UCS and BTS, BTS and <em>P</em>, and BTS and <em>S</em>) significantly influence the model predictions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48505,"journal":{"name":"Underground Space","volume":"22 ","pages":"Pages 241-262"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field monitoring and instrumentation in microtunnelling/pipe jacking: A review and future directions","authors":"Asad Wadood ,&nbsp;Bryan A. McCabe ,&nbsp;Brian B. Sheil","doi":"10.1016/j.undsp.2024.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.undsp.2024.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The popularity of trenchless techniques as a means of utility pipeline installation in urban environments, specifically microtunnelling/pipe-jacking, has increased in recent years due to its minimally-disruptive nature and reduced carbon footprint in comparison to conventional open-cut excavation methods. The response of pipes during the jacking process is complex and is governed by several factors, including ground conditions, the amount and distribution of lubrication, pipe and annulus size, pipeline misalignments and jacking force eccentricity, among others. Design practice remains based on empirical equations and previous drives through similar geology, resulting in uncertainty in jacking force estimates, thereby restricting adoption of the technique. In order to improve our understanding of the pipe-jacking process, pipes incorporating sensors providing real-time measurements of earth pressures, pore water pressures, axial strains and hoop strains can be used; but the number of such studies reported in the literature is small and the potential of instrumentation on routine projects is largely untapped. Moreover, jacking pipe monitoring practice lags behind the state-of-the-art instrumentation techniques used for monitoring other geotechnical infrastructure. The purpose of this paper is to provide a thorough review of learnings from instrumented pipe-jacking case studies and other supporting research, as well as to propose potential solutions to research gaps in the current state of design practice and field monitoring of pipe jacking projects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48505,"journal":{"name":"Underground Space","volume":"22 ","pages":"Pages 225-240"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Test and field application of fracture evolution of large-span tunnel under NPR bolt compensation support system","authors":"Jun Yang ,&nbsp;Kexue Wang ,&nbsp;Wenhui Bian ,&nbsp;Yanbo Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaohui He ,&nbsp;Yi Fang ,&nbsp;Zhicheng Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.undsp.2024.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.undsp.2024.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shallow-buried large-span tunnels may bend or collapse owing to loads, and their surface structures present considerable safety issues. At Huashanyilu station on Qingdao Metro Line 6 in China, theoretical studies and interior model tests were conducted to effectively increase the bearing capacity of the tunnel. The anchoring bearing mechanism of the high prestress compensating support system was revealed, and the system was built using a negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR) bolt at its core. We compared and analyzed the fracture evolution characteristics of the compensating and conventional support systems under various loads. The results showed that the compensating support system effectively increased the support strength and residual safety factor of the bearing arch, whereas the use of a high-prestress NPR anchor reduced the early deformation of the surrounding rock. The coupling failure modes of the arch tension extrusion failure and arch foot shear fracture occurred when the tunnel surrounding the rock was overloaded. The compensatory support system produces a bearing arch that is extremely resistant to external loads with minimal deformation of the tunnel surface and arch frame, excellent surrounding rock integrity, and a low stress rate. The radial and tangential peak stresses exceeded those of the passive support system, and the structural block fell when it became unstable. The maximum displacement of the arch stays constant at −5.7 mm after tunnel excavation. NPR bolts have remarkable applications in this field. The conclusions of this study have a significant impact on the regulation of the stability of the surrounding rock in large-span tunnels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48505,"journal":{"name":"Underground Space","volume":"22 ","pages":"Pages 186-207"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overall smoke control performance using naturally ventilated shafts in tunnel fires with multiple fire sources","authors":"Kun He ,&nbsp;Ying Zhen Li ,&nbsp;Haukur Ingason ,&nbsp;Xudong Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.undsp.2024.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.undsp.2024.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the overall smoke control performance using shafts in a naturally ventilated tunnel in the case of multiple fire sources. Detailed comparisons were also made with the corresponding single fire source scenarios. The results show that the interaction between multiple fire sources affects smoke control performance, resulting in a lower smoke layer height compared to the corresponding single fire scenario. For the multiple fire sources scenarios, the smoke layer height in the fire section first decreases and then keeps stable, as the fire center spacing increases. The smoke layer height in the fire section is 20%–25% lower than that in a single fire source scenario for a given total heat release rate. The minimum smoke layer height at the adjacent non-fire tunnel section is much lower than that in the fire section due to the disturbance of the first group of shafts. For a small tunnel fire such as a car fire, the critical safety distances for firefighters and evacuees increase as the fire source spacing decreases. For a large tunnel fire such as a bus fire, the effect of fire source spacing on the critical safety distance is limited, while the shaft interval plays an important role. The fire source spacing and the number of fire sources have limited influences on the smoke spread length due to the small differences in the induced air flow velocity and overall smoke exhaust rate through shafts. When the fire sources are located under one shaft, the number of shafts required for complete smoke exhaust is the least and the total smoke spread length is the shortest. For a given fire location, the smoke spread length increases significantly with an increasing shaft interval. This study contributes to the design of natural ventilation shafts in tunnels possibly with multiple fire sources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48505,"journal":{"name":"Underground Space","volume":"22 ","pages":"Pages 168-185"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}