Cognition & Emotion最新文献_第8页

A behavioural test of depression-related probability bias. 抑郁症相关概率偏差的行为测试。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Cognition & Emotion Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2425695

Robert W Booth, Selen Gönül, B Deniz Sözügür, Khadija Khalid

{"title":"A behavioural test of depression-related probability bias.","authors":"Robert W Booth, Selen Gönül, B Deniz Sözügür, Khadija Khalid","doi":"10.1080/02699931.2024.2425695","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02699931.2024.2425695","url":null,"abstract":"Individuals high in depressive symptom severity show probability bias: they believe negative events are relatively probable, and positive events relatively improbable, compared to those with less severe symptoms. However, this has only ever been demonstrated using self-report measures, in which participants explicitly estimate events' probabilities: this leaves open the risk that \"probability bias\" is merely an artefact of response bias. We tested the veracity of probability bias using an indirect behavioural measure, based on a sentence-reading task. Study 1 tested 112 Turkish students; Study 2 tested 117 international users of online groups for people with depressive and anxiety disorders. As predicted, participants with higher depressive symptom scores responded relatively quickly to sentences stating negative events might occur, and relatively slowly to sentences stating positive events might occur, compared to those with lower scores. This effect was only marginal in Study 1, but reached significance in Study 2. However, contrary to predictions, this effect was not moderated by the probability level stated in the sentence. This makes our findings difficult to interpret, and we must present these studies as a failure to convincingly demonstrate depression-related probability bias. We hope this stimulates more work on the nature and veracity of probability bias.","PeriodicalId":48412,"journal":{"name":"Cognition & Emotion","volume":" ","pages":"963-977"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142630687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The appraisal patterns and response types of enthusiasm: a comparison with joy and hope. 热情的评价模式和反应类型：与喜悦和希望的比较。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Cognition & Emotion Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2430399

Rijn Vogelaar, Eric van Dijk, Wilco W van Dijk

{"title":"The appraisal patterns and response types of enthusiasm: a comparison with joy and hope.","authors":"Rijn Vogelaar, Eric van Dijk, Wilco W van Dijk","doi":"10.1080/02699931.2024.2430399","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02699931.2024.2430399","url":null,"abstract":"Enthusiasm is a relatively under-explored emotion. The current research explores the unique characteristics of enthusiasm by examining its cognitive appraisals (Study 1, N = 300) and response types (Study 2, N = 298) and comparing it with joy and hope. Participants in both studies recalled and rated events where they felt enthusiasm, joy, or hope. Study 1 revealed that enthusiasm occurs in pleasurable, intense situations linked to desired goals. More than joy, it is driven by goal-achievement anticipation. Compared to hope, enthusiasm is associated with more control, less uncertainty, and immediate relevance. Study 2 defines enthusiasm as a positive, energetic state marked by smiling, presence, fulfilment, and thoughts of positive outcomes. Compared to joy, it incites more eagerness, risk willingness, and inclination to join a movement. More than hope, it triggers immediate action without contemplation of negative outcomes. We conclude that enthusiasm is a positive, energetic condition often triggered by pleasurable, intense situations aligning with desired goals. It differs from joy and hope. Enthusiasm drives action when goals are attainable, and risks will likely pay off. Hope emerges when a goal is uncertain and distant. Joy typically follows goal accomplishment and is associated with feelings of connection and a desire to savour the moment.","PeriodicalId":48412,"journal":{"name":"Cognition & Emotion","volume":" ","pages":"1074-1092"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142683116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Me, us, and others: exploring the role of familiarity and emotional expressions in face visual awareness. 我，我们和其他人：探索熟悉度和情感表达在面部视觉意识中的作用。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Cognition & Emotion Pub Date : 2025-07-28 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2025.2536524

Tommaso Ciorli, Alessandro Mazza, Gabriele Volpara, Daniele Petracchini, Olga Dal Monte, Lorenzo Pia

{"title":"Me, us, and others: exploring the role of familiarity and emotional expressions in face visual awareness.","authors":"Tommaso Ciorli, Alessandro Mazza, Gabriele Volpara, Daniele Petracchini, Olga Dal Monte, Lorenzo Pia","doi":"10.1080/02699931.2025.2536524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2025.2536524","url":null,"abstract":"Faces play a pivotal role in human interaction, and the rapid processing of face identity and emotional expressions is essential for effective social behaviour. Here, we investigated whether and how face identity and emotional expressions jointly affect face visual awareness. We manipulated three levels of identity (Self, Friend, Stranger) and emotional expressions (Happy, Neutral, Angry) in a Binocular Rivalry (BR) paradigm. Results show that Neutral faces dominated longer visual perception as a function of familiarity (i.e. progressing from Stranger to Friend to Self). Happy emotion led to prioritising faces belonging to the social ingroup (i.e. Self and Friend). In contrast, we did not observe any effect of identity on angry emotion. These findings suggest that the visual system prioritises ingroup faces when they express positive emotional contents, whereas it inhibits such an advantage with negative contents. These data suggest that the interaction between identity and emotional content may already occur at the initial stages of perceptual processing through bottom-up sensory modulation.","PeriodicalId":48412,"journal":{"name":"Cognition & Emotion","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144734042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Examining visual prior entry of semantic affective valences: positive is biased over negative. 检查语义情感效价的视觉先验输入：积极是偏向于消极的。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Cognition & Emotion Pub Date : 2025-07-28 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2025.2539214

Sihan He, Jay Pratt

{"title":"Examining visual prior entry of semantic affective valences: positive is biased over negative.","authors":"Sihan He, Jay Pratt","doi":"10.1080/02699931.2025.2539214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2025.2539214","url":null,"abstract":"Affective valences of stimuli (e.g. positive or negative) influence perceptual prioritisation, with emotionally charged stimuli often attended to over neutral ones. However, there are two critical issues in interpreting the previous findings on affective biases: (1) reliance on Reaction Time (RT) measures, which have limitations in capturing subtle cognitive biases at different phases of visual processing, and (2) potential confounds from low-level visual features that can carry affective valence. To address these issues, we used a Temporal Order Judgement (TOJ) paradigm with semantic stimuli and Chinese characters due to their minimised perceptual variations. In this task, two stimuli were presented nearly simultaneously, and participants indicated which appeared first. If an engagement bias is present, participants would consistently perceive the biased stimulus as first appearing even when it was veridically the second (Prior Entry Effect). We specifically examined the direct competition between positive and negative valences at the semantic level. Our results revealed a consistent positive bias over negative stimuli, although its magnitude was smaller than biases observed with facial stimuli in prior research. These findings suggest that affective biases might occur at both semantic and visual levels, offering a more nuanced understanding of emotional attention.","PeriodicalId":48412,"journal":{"name":"Cognition & Emotion","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144734041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A new look at Good Samaritans: task relevance of emotion impacts attention allocation to other people in need of help. 对见义勇为者的新看法：情绪的任务相关性影响对其他需要帮助的人的注意力分配。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Cognition & Emotion Pub Date : 2025-07-27 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2025.2532033

Julia Vogt, Joseph Forrest, Karen Moreaux

{"title":"A new look at Good Samaritans: task relevance of emotion impacts attention allocation to other people in need of help.","authors":"Julia Vogt, Joseph Forrest, Karen Moreaux","doi":"10.1080/02699931.2025.2532033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2025.2532033","url":null,"abstract":"Paying attention to an emergency is a prerequisite for helping. However, previous evidence suggests that people often fail to notice emergencies. In contrast, the present study investigated whether inducing a background goal to notice the emotional state of others will enable attention allocation to others' distress. To examine this assumption, we tested whether hearing emotional sounds (i.e. screams for help) increases attention towards emergency scenes while also manipulating the task relevance of the emotional value of the sounds. Specifically, participants performed a dot probe task that measured attention allocation towards emergency and matched neutral scenes. Emotional (i.e. screams for help) or neutral sounds were presented before the scenes. Participants had to encode either the valence of the sounds or the sound quality (a control condition) for a secondary task. Participants displayed an attentional bias to emergency scenes when the auditory stimulus was emotional but only when they encoded the emotional value of the sound. These results suggest that attention to emergencies is not a default but requires that paying attention to others' suffering is relevant to the observer.","PeriodicalId":48412,"journal":{"name":"Cognition & Emotion","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144734039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluative conditioning using virtual reality events. 使用虚拟现实事件的评价条件反射。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Cognition & Emotion Pub Date : 2025-07-27 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2025.2528928

Omran K Safi, Yiran Shi, Tyler Lin, Theodore Yu, Isabel S Wilson, Christopher R Madan, Daniela J Palombo

{"title":"Evaluative conditioning using virtual reality events.","authors":"Omran K Safi, Yiran Shi, Tyler Lin, Theodore Yu, Isabel S Wilson, Christopher R Madan, Daniela J Palombo","doi":"10.1080/02699931.2025.2528928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2025.2528928","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluative conditioning (EC) is observed when a neutral stimulus is paired with an emotionally charged unconditioned stimulus (US), resulting in a change in the pleasantness or liking of the CS. Few studies have focused on this effect within an episodic memory context (unique single-trial learning of US-CS pairings). Moreover, most studies involve US-CS pairings presented on a computer screen, but few studies have examined EC under more naturalistic conditions. We sought to fill these gaps, using a novel virtual reality (VR) paradigm. A sample of 74 participants experienced a series of negative and neutral environments in VR wherein they encountered US-CS pairs only once. They then provided ratings of pleasantness and completed a cued recall task, to assess EC and episodic memory, respectively. We successfully replicated the EC effect and did not find an association between EC and episodic memory. This latter pattern diverges from a prior study in our laboratory [Palombo, D. J., Elizur, L., Tuen, Y. J., Te, A. A., & Madan, C. R. (2021). Transfer of negative valence in an episodic memory task. Cognition, 217, 104874] and may provide insights into contextual factors not captured in the previous work. Together, our results point to the importance and effectiveness of using more naturalistic and diverse paradigms to investigate and replicate cognitive phenomena. Moreover, they may shed further light on the factors shaping the formation of affective attitudes from experiences.","PeriodicalId":48412,"journal":{"name":"Cognition & Emotion","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144734040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

No memory, no effect: action based evaluative conditioning effects are modulated by contingency memory. 无记忆，无效应：基于行动的评价条件反射效应受偶然性记忆调节。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Cognition & Emotion Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2025.2528920

Tarini Singh, Eva Walther, Christian Frings

{"title":"No memory, no effect: action based evaluative conditioning effects are modulated by contingency memory.","authors":"Tarini Singh, Eva Walther, Christian Frings","doi":"10.1080/02699931.2025.2528920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2025.2528920","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluative conditioning refers to the change in the liking of a stimulus due to its pairing with another affective stimulus. Action control research indicates that not only affective stimuli, but also affective actions can lead to conditioning effects. While a large number of studies have examined the influence of contingency memory on evaluative conditioning for stimulus-stimulus contingencies, its effect on stimulus-response contingencies has not yet been examined. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to test whether contingency memory modulates action based evaluative conditioning effects. In two experiments (Exp. 1, lab and Exp. 2, online) participants underwent a conditioning procedure and then a memory test. In Experiment 2, an additional task was included in order to test whether enhanced processing of the stimuli modulated the evaluative conditioning effects. The results indicate that the action based evaluative conditioning effect is modulated by contingency memory, such that, an evaluative conditioning effect is only observed when the stimulus-response contingencies could be recalled. These results were replicated across both studies. Additional processing of the CS did not have any effect on the results in the present study.","PeriodicalId":48412,"journal":{"name":"Cognition & Emotion","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Anger superiority effect or happiness superiority effect: how the distractor homogeneity modulates the asymmetry in searching emotional faces? 愤怒优势效应或快乐优势效应：干扰物同质性如何调节寻找情绪面孔的不对称性？

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Cognition & Emotion Pub Date : 2025-07-16 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2025.2516661

Xiaofan Jiang, Shenli Peng, Zhan Xu

{"title":"Anger superiority effect or happiness superiority effect: how the distractor homogeneity modulates the asymmetry in searching emotional faces?","authors":"Xiaofan Jiang, Shenli Peng, Zhan Xu","doi":"10.1080/02699931.2025.2516661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2025.2516661","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous studies have examined the search asymmetry between angry and happy faces, contrasting the Anger Superiority Effect (ASE) and Happiness Superiority Effect (HSE). Building on this work, the current study investigates how distractor homogeneity modulates these emotional search asymmetries. Using behavioral and eye-tracking measures, we analyze both \"target guidance\" and \"distractor rejection\" mechanisms to provide a nuanced understanding of attentional allocation during emotional face detection. In Experiments 1 and 2, participants completed identical visual search tasks. Both experiments yielded consistent results: ASE emerged under homogeneous backgrounds, while HSE appeared under heterogeneous conditions. Experiment 2 further employed regression analysis on eye-tracking metrics and reaction times, revealing two key findings: (a) In homogeneous searches, angry faces showed stronger attentional guidance, indicating their detection advantage during feature-based processing; (b) In heterogeneous searches, happy face detection benefited from more efficient distractor rejection during conjunction-based processing. These results demonstrate that distractor homogeneity dynamically influences emotional search asymmetries by engaging distinct attentional strategies. The study advances theoretical frameworks of emotion and attention by highlighting condition-dependent mechanisms underlying ASE and HSE.","PeriodicalId":48412,"journal":{"name":"Cognition & Emotion","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144650913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Higher loneliness is associated with greater positive and negative emotion instability in everyday life. 更高的孤独感与日常生活中更大的积极和消极情绪不稳定有关。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Cognition & Emotion Pub Date : 2025-07-14 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2025.2527854

Jee Eun Kang, Dusti R Jones, Joshua M Smyth, Martin J Sliwinski

{"title":"Higher loneliness is associated with greater positive and negative emotion instability in everyday life.","authors":"Jee Eun Kang, Dusti R Jones, Joshua M Smyth, Martin J Sliwinski","doi":"10.1080/02699931.2025.2527854","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02699931.2025.2527854","url":null,"abstract":"Loneliness is linked to a wide range of negative outcomes, including worse emotional well-being. Although prior research has demonstrated the relationship between loneliness and typical levels of negative and positive emotions, the degree to which loneliness is associated with emotional instability, a potential indicator of unhealthy patterns of emotional experiences, is unknown. We evaluated whether individual differences in loneliness were related to instability across days in positive emotions (PE) and negative emotions (NE) in daily life. A diverse community sample of 252 adults (age 25-65) completed a baseline assessment of loneliness followed by 14 days of ecological momentary assessments, during which participants reported PE and NE five times each day. Loneliness was significantly associated with greater instability in both PE and NE, after adjusting for demographic characteristics, objective social isolation, and person-mean emotion levels. Notably, the association with PE instability remained significant even after controlling for depressive symptoms, whereas the association with NE instability was attenuated and no longer significant. These findings suggest that loneliness is characterised not only by differences in average emotional states but also by greater emotional variability, particularly in PE, which may be a key feature linking loneliness to broader health and well-being outcomes.","PeriodicalId":48412,"journal":{"name":"Cognition & Emotion","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12339758/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144638453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How (why) could this have happened? The influence of construal level on shame versus guilt and related action tendencies. 怎么会（为什么）发生这种事？解释水平对羞耻、内疚及相关行为倾向的影响。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Cognition & Emotion Pub Date : 2025-07-14 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2025.2529527

Jochim Hansen, Anna Khvorost, Marijana Zimonjic, Claudia Schoosleitner

{"title":"How (why) could this have happened? The influence of construal level on shame versus guilt and related action tendencies.","authors":"Jochim Hansen, Anna Khvorost, Marijana Zimonjic, Claudia Schoosleitner","doi":"10.1080/02699931.2025.2529527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2025.2529527","url":null,"abstract":"Shame and guilt are social emotions that share several similarities. However, there are important differences between these two emotions: Shame relates to the whole self and involves more global appraisal tendencies, whereas guilt relates to a specific behaviour. Therefore, shame may be a more high-level emotion than guilt. Considering construal-level theory and the construal-matching hypothesis, we hypothesised that a high-level construal of one's transgression would more likely result in shame than guilt compared to a low-level construal. We investigated this hypothesis with two studies that experimentally manipulated the level at which transgressions were construed using different methods: the category-versus-exemplar task (Study 1) and focusing on the how or the why of diverse transgressions (Study 2). We tested whether these manipulations affected shame versus guilt. Study 1 provided only correlational support, whereas Study 2 provided causal support for our hypothesis. Study 2 additionally showed that construal level affected downstream consequences in particular: A high-level construal caused relatively more hide and escape tendencies than a low-level construal. Implications of these findings are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48412,"journal":{"name":"Cognition & Emotion","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144638454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0