Memory & Cognition最新文献_第4页

Distributional analyses reveal the polymorphic nature of the Stroop interference effect: It's about (response) time. 分布分析揭示了 Stroop 干扰效应的多态性：这与（反应）时间有关。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01538-3

Léa M Martinon, Ludovic Ferrand, Mariana Burca, Nabil Hasshim, Dounia Lakhzoum, Benjamin A Parris, Laetitia Silvert, Maria Augustinova

{"title":"Distributional analyses reveal the polymorphic nature of the Stroop interference effect: It's about (response) time.","authors":"Léa M Martinon, Ludovic Ferrand, Mariana Burca, Nabil Hasshim, Dounia Lakhzoum, Benjamin A Parris, Laetitia Silvert, Maria Augustinova","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01538-3","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-024-01538-3","url":null,"abstract":"The study addressed the still-open issue of whether semantic (in addition to response) conflict does indeed contribute to Stroop interference (which along with facilitation contributes to the overall Stroop effect also known as Congruency effect). To this end, semantic conflict was examined across the entire response time (RT) distribution (as opposed to mean RTs). Three (out of four) reported experiments, along with cross-experimental analyses, revealed that semantic conflict was absent in the participants' faster responses. This result characterizes Stroop interference as a unitary phenomenon (i.e., driven uniquely by response conflict). When the same participants' responses were slower, Stroop interference became a composite phenomenon with an additional contribution of semantic conflict that was statistically independent of both response conflict and facilitation. While the present findings allow us to account for the fact that semantic conflict has not been consistently found in past studies, further empirical and theoretical efforts are still needed to explain why exactly it is restricted to longer responses. Indeed, since neither unitary nor composite models can account for this polymorphic nature of Stroop interference on their own, the implications for the current state of theory are outlined.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140102658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Semantic Stroop interference is modulated by the availability of executive resources: Insights from delta-plot analyses and cognitive load manipulation. 语义施特罗普干扰受执行资源可用性的调节：德尔塔图分析和认知负荷操作的启示。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-26 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01552-5

Simone Sulpizio, Giacomo Spinelli, Michele Scaltritti

{"title":"Semantic Stroop interference is modulated by the availability of executive resources: Insights from delta-plot analyses and cognitive load manipulation.","authors":"Simone Sulpizio, Giacomo Spinelli, Michele Scaltritti","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01552-5","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-024-01552-5","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated whether, during visual word recognition, semantic processing is modulated by attentional control mechanisms directed at matching semantic information with task-relevant goals. In previous research, we analyzed the semantic Stroop interference as a function of response latency (delta-plot analyses) and found that this phenomenon mainly occurs in the slowest responses. Here, we investigated whether this pattern is due to reduced ability to proactively maintain the task goal in these slowest trials. In two pairs of experiments, participants completed two semantic Stroop tasks: a classic semantic Stroop task (Experiment 1A and 2A) and a semantic Stroop task combined with an n-back task (Experiment 1B and 2B). The two pairs of experiments only differed in the trial pace, which was slightly faster in Experiments 2A and 2B than in Experiments 1A and 1B. By taxing the executive control system, the n-back task was expected to hinder proactive control. Delta-plot analyses of the semantic Stroop task replicated the enhanced effect in the slowest responses, but only under sufficient time pressure. Combining the semantic Stroop task with the n-back task produced a change in the distributional profile of semantic Stroop interference, which we ascribe to a general difficulty in the use of proactive control. Our findings suggest that semantic Stroop interference is, to some extent, dependent on the available executive resources, while also being sensitive to subtle variations in task conditions.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11362381/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140294892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The saving enhanced memory effect can be observed when only a subset of items are saved. 当只保存一部分项目时，可以观察到保存增强记忆的效果。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01545-4

Craig Fellers, Benjamin C Storm

{"title":"The saving enhanced memory effect can be observed when only a subset of items are saved.","authors":"Craig Fellers, Benjamin C Storm","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01545-4","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-024-01545-4","url":null,"abstract":"Saving one list of words, such as on a computer or by writing them down, can improve a person's ability to learn and remember a second list of words that are not saved. This phenomenon, known as the saving enhanced memory effect, is typically observed by comparing the recall of nonsaved items when other items are saved versus when they are not saved. In past research, the effect has been shown to occur when participants save an entire list before learning a new list. In the current research, we examined whether the effect can be observed when participants save a subset of items within a single list. The results of two experiments confirmed that partial saving can lead to a saving enhanced memory effect, with the effect observed regardless of whether participants saved items by clicking a button on the computer or writing them out by hand. The effect was observed on an item-specific cued-recall test (Experiment 1) as well as a free recall test that did not control the order of output (Experiment 2). However, the effect size did vary as a function of how participants attempted to recall the items on the final test. Specifically, participants who initiated their output by recalling nonsaved items exhibited a significantly larger saving enhanced memory effect than those who initiated their output by reproducing saved items. Together, these findings expand our understanding of the saving enhanced memory effect and shine new light on the impacts of cognitive offloading on human memory.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140121091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Language and autobiographical memory development from 5 to 12 years: A longitudinal perspective. 从 5 岁到 12 岁的语言和自传体记忆发展：纵向视角。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01544-5

Llanos Merín, Alonso Mateo, Marta Nieto, Laura Ros, José Miguel Latorre

{"title":"Language and autobiographical memory development from 5 to 12 years: A longitudinal perspective.","authors":"Llanos Merín, Alonso Mateo, Marta Nieto, Laura Ros, José Miguel Latorre","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01544-5","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-024-01544-5","url":null,"abstract":"The main aim of this study, with two repeated measurements, was to analyze the development of autobiographical memory in a sample of 78 Spanish participants at ages 5 (Time 1; M = 62.43 months, range: 50-74 months) and 12 (Time 2; M = 142.71 months, range: 132-155 months). Data were collected on autobiographical memory and verbal functions. We analyzed the relation between language and autobiographical memory specificity from a longitudinal perspective and assessed the indirect effect of vocabulary in the relationship between age and specific memory at both temporal moments. The results showed that language skills were positively related with autobiographical memory specificity at preschool age, but not at the second measurement. Furthermore, vocabulary scores appear to mediate the relationship between age and autobiographical specificity when children are in the preschool years, but not later. These findings agree with previous research that consider preschool age to be a crucial period for the development of autobiographical memory and its relations with language, but once basic command of language is acquired, linguistic differences impact much less on individual differences in autobiographical specificity.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11362363/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140040681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Probing the effect of perceptual (dis)fluency on metacognitive judgments. 探索知觉（不）流畅性对元认知判断的影响。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01542-7

Skylar J Laursen, Chris M Fiacconi

{"title":"Probing the effect of perceptual (dis)fluency on metacognitive judgments.","authors":"Skylar J Laursen, Chris M Fiacconi","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01542-7","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-024-01542-7","url":null,"abstract":"Despite research showing that perceptually fluent stimuli (i.e., stimuli that are easier to process) are given higher judgment of learning (JOL) ratings than perceptually disfluent stimuli, it remains unknown whether the influence of perceptual fluency on JOLs is driven by the fluent or disfluent items. Moreover, it is unclear whether this difference hinges on relative differences in fluency. The current study addressed these unanswered questions by employing (Fiacconi et al., Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 46:926-944, 2020), Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 46[5], 926-944) letter set priming procedure. In this procedure, participants are first exposed to words containing only a subset of letters. Following this exposure, JOLs to new words composed of the same letters (i.e., fluent), and new words composed of nonexposed letters (i.e., disfluent) are compared with isolate the contribution of perceptual fluency. Because this procedure does not rely on parametric variations in perceptual features, we can directly assess the potential benefit and/or cost of fluent and disfluent items, respectively, by including neutral baseline conditions. Moreover, implementing both a mixed- and pure-list design allowed us to assess the comparative nature of perceptual fluency on JOLs. Counter to previous assumptions, our results are the first to demonstrate that perceptual disfluency decreases JOLs. Moreover, we found that the influence of perceptual disfluency on JOLs hinges on the relative differences in fluency between items even in the absence of a belief about the mnemonic impact of the fluency manipulation. These findings have important implications as they provide evidence that the difficulty, rather than ease, of information form the basis of individuals metacognitive judgments.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140102659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The drawing effect: Evidence for costs and benefits using pure and mixed lists. 抽签效应：使用纯列表和混合列表计算成本和收益的证据。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01551-6

Mark J Huff, Jacob M Namias, Peyton Poe

{"title":"The drawing effect: Evidence for costs and benefits using pure and mixed lists.","authors":"Mark J Huff, Jacob M Namias, Peyton Poe","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01551-6","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-024-01551-6","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing a referent of a to-be-remembered word often results in better recognition and recall of this word relative to a control task in which the word is written, a pattern dubbed the drawing effect. Although this effect is not always found in pure lists, we report three experiments in which the drawing effect emerged in both pure- and mixed-lists on recognition and recall tests, though the effect was larger in mixed lists. Our experiments then compared drawing effects on memory between pure- and mixed-list contexts to determine whether the larger mixed-list drawing effect reflected a benefit to draw items, a cost to write items, or a combination. In delayed recognition and free-recall tests, a mixed-list benefit emerged for draw items in which memory for mixed-list draw items was greater than pure-list draw items. This mixed-list drawing benefit was accompanied by a mixed-list writing cost compared to pure-list write items, indicating that the mixed-list drawing effect does not operate cost-free. Our findings of a pure-list drawing effect are consistent with a memory strength account, however, the larger drawing effect in mixed lists suggest that participants may also deploy a distinctiveness heuristic to aid retrieval of drawn items.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140194847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Super-optimality and relative distance coding in location memory. 位置记忆中的超优和相对距离编码。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01553-4

Gordon McIntire, Stephen Dopkins

{"title":"Super-optimality and relative distance coding in location memory.","authors":"Gordon McIntire, Stephen Dopkins","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01553-4","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-024-01553-4","url":null,"abstract":"The prevailing model of landmark integration in location memory is Maximum Likelihood Estimation, which assumes that each landmark implies a target location distribution that is narrower for more reliable landmarks. This model assumes weighted linear combination of landmarks and predicts that, given optimal integration, the reliability with multiple landmarks is the sum of the reliabilities with the individual landmarks. Super-optimality is reliability with multiple landmarks exceeding optimal reliability given the reliability with each landmark alone; this is shown when performance exceeds predicted optimal performance, found by aggregating reliability values with single landmarks. Past studies claiming super-optimality have provided arguably impure measures of performance with single landmarks given that multiple landmarks were presented at study in conditions with a single landmark at test, disrupting encoding specificity and thereby leading to underestimation in predicted optimal performance. This study, unlike those prior studies, only presented a single landmark at study and the same landmark at test in single landmark trials, showing super-optimality conclusively. Given that super-optimal information integration occurs, emergent information, that is, information only available with multiple landmarks, must be used. With the target and landmarks all in a line, as throughout this study, relative distance is the only emergent information available. Use of relative distance was confirmed here by finding that, when both landmarks are left of the target at study, the target is remembered further right of its true location the further left the left landmark is moved from study to test.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140194846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The influence of sentence focus on mental simulation: A possible cause of ACE instability. 句子重点对心理模拟的影响：ACE 不稳定的可能原因。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01549-0

Hua Jin, Guangfang Zhou, Xiang Li

{"title":"The influence of sentence focus on mental simulation: A possible cause of ACE instability.","authors":"Hua Jin, Guangfang Zhou, Xiang Li","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01549-0","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-024-01549-0","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies have revealed the instability of the action-sentence compatibility effect (ACE). The current study was designed to demonstrate the hypothesis that the instability of the ACE may be attributed to the instability of focused information in a sentence. A pilot study indicated that the focused information of sentences was relatively stable in the sentence-picture verification task but exhibited significant interindividual variability in the action-sentence compatibility paradigm in previous studies. Experiments 1 and 2 examined the effect of sentence focus on the shape match effect and the ACE by manipulating the focused information of sentences using the focus marker word \"\" (is). Experiment 1 found that the shape match effect occurred in the original sentence, while it disappeared when the word \"\" (is) was used to make an object noun no longer the focus of a sentence. Experiment 2 failed to observe the ACE regardless of whether the sentence focus was on the action information. Experiment 3 modified the focus manipulation to observe its impact on the ACE using different fonts and underlines to highlight the focused information. The results indicated that the ACE only occurred when the action information was the sentence focus. These findings suggest that sentence focus influences mental simulation, and the instability of the ACE is likely to be associated with the instability of sentence focus in previous studies. This outcome highlights the crucial role of identifying specific information as the critical element expressed in the current linguistic context for successful simulation.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140337311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Semantic meaning enhances feature-binding but not quantity or precision of locations in visual working memory. 语义能增强视觉工作记忆中的特征结合，但不能增强位置的数量或精确度。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01611-x

Tomer Sahar, Nurit Gronau, Tal Makovski

{"title":"Semantic meaning enhances feature-binding but not quantity or precision of locations in visual working memory.","authors":"Tomer Sahar, Nurit Gronau, Tal Makovski","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01611-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-024-01611-x","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies showed that real-world items are better remembered in visual working memory (VWM) than visually similar stimuli that are stripped of their semantic meaning. However, the exact nature of this advantage remains unclear. We used meaningful and meaningless stimuli in a location-reproduction VWM task. Employing a mixture-modeling analysis, we examined whether semantic meaning enables more item locations to be remembered, whether it improves the precision of the locations stored in memory, or whether it improves binding between the specific items and their locations. Participants were presented with streams of four (Experiments 1 & 2) or six (Experiment 3) real-world items, or their scrambled, meaningless counterparts. Each item was presented at a unique location, and the task was to reproduce one item's location. Overall, location memory was consistently better for real-world items compared with their scrambled counterparts. Furthermore, the results revealed that participants were less likely to make swap errors for the meaningful items, but there was no effect of conceptual meaning on the guess rate or the precision of the report. In line with previous findings, these results indicate that conceptual meaning enhances VWM for arbitrary stimulus properties such as item location, and this improvement is primarily due to a more efficient identity-location binding rather than an increase in the quantity or quality (precision) of the locations held in memory.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141856761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Visual free recall and recognition in art students and laypeople. 美术专业学生和普通人的视觉自由回忆和识别能力。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01607-7

Filip Děchtěrenko, Wilma A Bainbridge, Jiří Lukavský

{"title":"Visual free recall and recognition in art students and laypeople.","authors":"Filip Děchtěrenko, Wilma A Bainbridge, Jiří Lukavský","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01607-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-024-01607-7","url":null,"abstract":"Artists and laypeople differ in their ability to create drawings. Previous research has shown that artists have improved memory performance during drawing; however, it is unclear whether they have better visual memory after the drawing is finished. In this paper, we focused on the question of differences in visual memory between art students and the general population in two studies. In Study 1, both groups studied a set of images and later drew them in a surprise visual recall test. In Study 2, the drawings from Study 1 were evaluated by a different set of raters based on their drawing quality and similarity to the original image to link drawing evaluations with memory performance for both groups. We found that both groups showed comparable visual recognition memory performance; however, the artist group showed increased recall memory performance. Moreover, they produced drawings that were both better quality and more similar to the original image. Individually, participants whose drawings were rated as better showed higher recognition accuracy. Results from Study 2 also have practical implications for the usage of drawing as a tool for measuring free recall - the majority of the drawings were recognizable, and raters showed a high level of consistency during their evaluation of the drawings. Taken together, we found that artists have better visual recall memory than laypeople.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141793827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0