Memory & Cognition最新文献_第4页

Autonomy in learning: Predictability modulates the beneficial effect of choice on memory. 自主学习：可预见性调节选择对记忆的有益影响。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-25 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-026-01863-9

Zhaoqi Zhang, Lieke L F van Lieshout, Harold Bekkering

{"title":"Autonomy in learning: Predictability modulates the beneficial effect of choice on memory.","authors":"Zhaoqi Zhang, Lieke L F van Lieshout, Harold Bekkering","doi":"10.3758/s13421-026-01863-9","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-026-01863-9","url":null,"abstract":"When people are offered the opportunity to choose, they tend to learn better. However, the cognitive mechanisms of the beneficial effect of choice on memory remain to be further investigated. On the one hand, self-determination theory has proposed that choices themselves might be motivating in and of themselves, even when their consequences are not predictable. On the other hand, from a predictive coding perspective, choices facilitate learning because they enhance the prediction of upcoming information. To delve deeper into these two interpretations, we conducted two experiments using a learning task in which we independently manipulated choice and predictability. In Experiment 1, we included 55 participants, while Experiment 2 included 56 participants. In half of the blocks, participants could choose which object they wanted to see (choice), while in other blocks, the choices were made for them (no choice). Meanwhile, in half of the choice and no-choice blocks, they would always see the selected object (high-predictability), while in other blocks, they had a 50% chance to see the selected object (low-predictability). The memory accuracy was tested by a recognition task. In both experiments, we found that the facilitatory effect of choice on memory accuracy existed under both high and low predictability. However, this effect was smaller under low predictability. These findings provided evidence for both interpretations: choices enhance learning because they are motivating by themselves, meanwhile facilitating prediction processes. This study has important implications for education, urging teachers to offer choices to students and to satisfy students' needs in classroom settings.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"2197-2211"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13461742/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147311244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Working memory load attenuates the match effect in sentence-picture verification. 工作记忆负荷会减弱句子-图片验证中的匹配效应。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-13 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-026-01884-4

Laura E Thomas

{"title":"Working memory load attenuates the match effect in sentence-picture verification.","authors":"Laura E Thomas","doi":"10.3758/s13421-026-01884-4","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-026-01884-4","url":null,"abstract":"Embodied views of language comprehension argue that the body's perceptual and motor systems ground linguistic meaning. One source of support for this view comes from the sentence-picture verification (SPV) shape match effect, in which observers read a sentence that implies - but does not explicitly describe - an object's shape and then report whether a pictured object was mentioned in the sentence. Participants are typically faster to verify a sentence mentioned an object when the object's shape matches the shape implied by that sentence's context. However, several high-profile studies have failed to replicate this and other key results supporting the sensorimotor simulation view, raising questions about the extent to which language comprehension relies upon modal representations. One explanation for these conflicting findings is that individuals do not obligatorily tap perceptual and motor systems to understand language but are instead flexible in their use of sensorimotor simulation depending upon contextual factors such as task demands. I investigated this possibility by asking participants to perform the SPV task while concurrently holding either auditory or visual information in working memory. I found that higher working memory loads in both the auditory and the visual domains attenuated the SPV match advantage. This finding suggests that sensorimotor simulation is not necessary for language comprehension but may instead depend in part upon the availability of resources in working memory.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"2472-2482"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13461826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147677908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Predictability effects during reading comprehension are not modulated by a visuospatial working memory load. 阅读理解过程中的可预测性效应不受视觉空间工作记忆负荷的调节。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-026-01857-7

Aine Ito

{"title":"Predictability effects during reading comprehension are not modulated by a visuospatial working memory load.","authors":"Aine Ito","doi":"10.3758/s13421-026-01857-7","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-026-01857-7","url":null,"abstract":"Predictable words are processed more quickly than unpredictable words during reading, but how this predictability effect is modulated by working memory (WM) limitations is unclear. Two preregistered experiments tested whether the availability of visuospatial WM resources affects reading measures that are sensitive to predictability (gaze duration and skipping probability in Experiment 1, and self-paced reading time in Experiment 2) in native English speakers. The analyses of all measures revealed main effects of predictability and WM load. Their interaction was significant in Experiment 2 but not in Experiment 1. A follow-up analysis on relative reading times in Experiment 2 revealed main effects of predictability and WM load but no interaction between the two, replicating Experiment 1. The apparent interaction in Experiment 2 was likely due to the WM load speeding the overall reading times and masking the predictability effect. Taken together, these findings demonstrate a robust effect of predictability under a cognitively demanding task and suggest that visuospatial WM resources are not necessary for computing probabilities of upcoming words during reading.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"2113-2127"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13461689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146086919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fast reasoning uses semantic activation as an intuitive cue. 快速推理使用语义激活作为直觉线索。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-026-01859-5

Henry Markovits, Valerie A Thompson, Elyse Bergeron

{"title":"Fast reasoning uses semantic activation as an intuitive cue.","authors":"Henry Markovits, Valerie A Thompson, Elyse Bergeron","doi":"10.3758/s13421-026-01859-5","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-026-01859-5","url":null,"abstract":"Logical reasoning is often presumed to require effortful cognition. However, there is evidence that reasoners may have access to a form of intuition that relies on variations in the availability of semantically related information. This may provide intuitive cues for judgments of conclusion validity or invalidity, allowing for very rapid forms of reasoning that do not rely on belief-based heuristics. We examined very rapid reasoning with formally identical syllogisms where the major premise was characterized by having relative Few or Many alternative antecedents. In four studies, we examined premises that had identical formal structure and syntax, with minimal differences in content, using two forms of invalid inferences: (\"All A are B. X is B. X is A.\"; \"All A are B. X is not A. X is not B.\"), and one valid form (\"All A are B. X is not B. X is not A.\"). All studies showed that under severe time constraint reasoners judged that the putative conclusion was invalid more often for premises with Many alternative antecedents than for those with Few alternatives. These results support the conclusion that semantically activated information can serve as a cue for intuitive, rapid inferences.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"2152-2164"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146195529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of morphological and pseudo-morphological boundaries on activating embedded words when accessing compounds and pseudo-compounds. 获取复合词和拟复合词时，形态和伪形态边界对嵌入词激活的影响。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-14 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-026-01883-5

Alexander Taikh, Christina L Gagné, Thomas Spalding

{"title":"Influence of morphological and pseudo-morphological boundaries on activating embedded words when accessing compounds and pseudo-compounds.","authors":"Alexander Taikh, Christina L Gagné, Thomas Spalding","doi":"10.3758/s13421-026-01883-5","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-026-01883-5","url":null,"abstract":"According to the edge-aligned embedded word activation theory and the principle of full decomposition (Grainger & Beyersmann, 2017), (pseudo)morphemes are extracted from both edges of the whole word based on orthographic information. For example, car is extracted from the compound carport, where it functions as a morpheme, and from the pseudo-compound carpet, where it does not, and is suppressed by the pseudo-compound. Embedded words should receive activation when the whole word can be decomposed into constituent (pseudo)morphemes, and accessing one embedded (pseudo)morpheme should facilitate access to another one. Using English compound words, Taikh et al. (2024) found that replacing boundary letters slowed down processing of the whole compound word, while replacing constituent-internal letters did not, which is consistent with the principle of full decomposition. Whereas replacing boundary letters interferes with access to both constituents, replacing constituent-internal letters allows access to the unaltered constituent. In the present study, we first replicate the findings of Taikh et al. using English compounds and then examine the principle of full decomposition in English pseudo-compounds. We find that replacing pseudo-boundary and pseudo-constituent letters slows down the processing of a pseudo-compound to a similar extent, suggesting that accessing an unaltered pseudo-constituent does not facilitate processing the altered pseudo-constituent. Our findings are consistent with the idea that embedded pseudo-constituents are suppressed by the pseudo-compound and thus do not facilitate its access. Additionally, embedded words may not receive facilitation if the recognition of the entire word requires that they be suppressed strongly enough.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"2453-2471"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147677861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Subcategory vs category fluency: Items and networks in healthy young adults and simulation with a large language model. 子类别与类别流畅性：健康年轻人的项目和网络及大型语言模型模拟。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-08 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-026-01869-3

Adrià Rofes, Demi van Dijk, Jeffrey C Zemla

{"title":"Subcategory vs category fluency: Items and networks in healthy young adults and simulation with a large language model.","authors":"Adrià Rofes, Demi van Dijk, Jeffrey C Zemla","doi":"10.3758/s13421-026-01869-3","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-026-01869-3","url":null,"abstract":"Category fluency tasks involve producing words constrained by a semantic field (animals). Subcategory fluency involves producing words from categories that are semantically related to a superordinate category but form a restricted set of items (farm animals). Here, we study whether people produce different patterns of words in category versus subcategory fluency by looking at differences in the total number of words produced, the properties of the words produced (e.g., frequency) and how people group words together (clusters/switches and network metrics). Forty-eight Dutch-speaking university students responded to three category fluency tasks (animals, foods, transport) and three subcategory fluency tasks (farm animals, fruits, bike parts). Also, we queried a large language model (LLM) to provide responses for 50 \"pseudo-participants\" for the same six categories. People in category (versus subcategory) tasks produced more words; words of higher frequency, with fewer orthographic and phonological neighbors, and shorter in length. They also produced fewer cluster switches and bigger clusters. The category and subcategory networks had different structure (e.g., number of nodes, edges, clustering coefficient). With the LLM we simulated the results regarding word properties and cluster size, but found differences regarding correct words, number of switches, and overlapping clusters between foods and fruit fluency. The differences between category and subcategory fluency may stem from differences in mental search in the lexico-semantic system. However, category and subcategory fluency tasks may be different tasks altogether. The LLM simulation provides novel insights (e.g., how words relate, task-order effects) and suggests caution when used to understand human fluency data.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"2270-2288"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13461686/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147640214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Implicit imagery tasks facilitate learning in declarative memory: Congruence between imagery modality and verb type enhances recognition. 内隐意象任务促进陈述性记忆的学习：意象情态和动词类型的一致性增强了认知。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-21 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-026-01867-5

Jérémy Villatte, Christel Bidet-Ildei, Lucie Angel, Badiâa Bouazzaoui, Michel Isingrini, Lucette Toussaint

{"title":"Implicit imagery tasks facilitate learning in declarative memory: Congruence between imagery modality and verb type enhances recognition.","authors":"Jérémy Villatte, Christel Bidet-Ildei, Lucie Angel, Badiâa Bouazzaoui, Michel Isingrini, Lucette Toussaint","doi":"10.3758/s13421-026-01867-5","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-026-01867-5","url":null,"abstract":"Explicit mental imagery (i.e., voluntary and conscious) can enhance learning in declarative memory. In the present work, we assessed whether implicit imagery tasks also enhances memory, and whether specific imagery modalities (motor, visual) selectively benefit the learning of related material. Seventy-two young adults completed a recognition task in which they learned action and non-action verbs presented after an implicit motor imagery task (i.e., hand mental rotation) or an implicit visual imagery task (i.e., number mental rotation). Results from both frequentist and Bayesian generalized mixed-effects models revealed a significant interaction between verb type and imagery modality. Congruent imagery modality (i.e., motor for action verbs, visual for non-action verbs) enhanced subsequent recognition compared to incongruent modality (i.e., motor for non-action verbs, visual for action verbs). These findings provide novel evidence that the effectiveness of mental imagery for learning is influenced by the congruence between imagery modality and the sensorimotor features of the learned items. They also suggest that mental imagery does not need to be fully voluntary or fully conscious to improve learning.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"2258-2269"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147785918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Conceptual but not perceptual encoding leads to age differences in priming. 概念编码而非知觉编码导致启动的年龄差异。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-026-01873-7

Maryam A Al-Abdulla, Emma V Ward

{"title":"Conceptual but not perceptual encoding leads to age differences in priming.","authors":"Maryam A Al-Abdulla, Emma V Ward","doi":"10.3758/s13421-026-01873-7","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-026-01873-7","url":null,"abstract":"The specific conditions in which age differences in priming emerge remain to be clarified. Three experiments systematically investigated how cognitive processing requirements moderate age differences in priming. Experiment 1 manipulated perceptual/conceptual encoding prior to a continuous identification priming task, and Experiments 2A and 2B manipulated perceptual/conceptual encoding prior to identification (perceptual) and category verification (conceptual) priming tasks. Recognition was also captured to allow comparison of effects on explicit and implicit memory. A further aim was to provide the first direct comparison of online versus laboratory experiments concerned with priming in aging, necessary to understand the feasibility and robustness of online methods, which are increasing in popularity. Experiments 1 (35 young participants, Mage = 20.51 years; 35 older participants, Mage = 70.49 years) and 2A (48 young participants, Mage = 22.65 years; 48 older participants, Mage = 69.19 years) were conducted online, and Experiment 2B (48 young participants, Mage = 22.17 years; 48 older participants, Mage = 76.29 years) was conducted in the laboratory. In all experiments, there was an age difference in perceptual identification priming favouring young adults when encoding was conceptual, but no age difference following perceptual encoding. There was no priming on the category verification task. Priming effects in Experiment 1 were mirrored in the recognition data-recognition was greater in young than older adults following conceptual encoding. There was a reliable age difference in recognition in Experiment 2B, but not Experiment 2A, and no interaction with processing. Findings suggests that age differences in priming emerge as a function of the way stimuli are processed during encoding.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"2341-2364"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13461660/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147595484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Memory encoding for new information, not autobiographical memory load, is linked with age-related differences in subjective time passage over the past decade. 在过去十年中，新信息的记忆编码，而非自传体记忆负荷，与主观时间流逝的年龄相关差异有关。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-07 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-026-01879-1

Alice Teghil, Sebastian Wittmann, Adele Lifrieri, Sophia Saad, Maddalena Boccia, Marc Wittmann

{"title":"Memory encoding for new information, not autobiographical memory load, is linked with age-related differences in subjective time passage over the past decade.","authors":"Alice Teghil, Sebastian Wittmann, Adele Lifrieri, Sophia Saad, Maddalena Boccia, Marc Wittmann","doi":"10.3758/s13421-026-01879-1","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-026-01879-1","url":null,"abstract":"The widely replicated finding that time passage over the past decade is perceived as faster by older adults was the focus of this study. We investigated potential factors associated with this effect, examining the role of autobiographical memory and cognitive functioning. One hundred and twenty individuals aged 20-91 years were assessed on subjective time perception for the preceding decade and year, the quantity and significance of autobiographical memories from those periods, and overall cognitive status. Results confirmed the specific age-related effect concerning a faster time passage over the past decade. However, no significant association was found between perceived time passage over the past decade and either the number or subjective value of memories. Contrary to assumptions, older adults reported more vivid and meaningful recollections. Instead, reduced cognitive functioning, and specifically lower ability to form new memories as assessed through delayed memory recall, emerged as significantly linked to faster time perception with older age. Findings suggest that age-related cognitive decline leading to reduced ability to encode novel memories, rather than diminished autobiographical memory content, is a critical factor in the subjective experience of time compression in older adults.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"2394-2408"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13461740/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147628829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The impact of implicit scalar alternatives on the products of language comprehension: Evidence from recognition memory. 隐式标量选择对语言理解结果的影响：来自识别记忆的证据。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-026-01856-8

Nikole D Patson, E Matthew Husband

{"title":"The impact of implicit scalar alternatives on the products of language comprehension: Evidence from recognition memory.","authors":"Nikole D Patson, E Matthew Husband","doi":"10.3758/s13421-026-01856-8","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-026-01856-8","url":null,"abstract":"Speakers often leave parts of their message unarticulated and rely on their comprehenders to make inferences about the intended meaning of their message. One way in which comprehenders can recover a speaker's implicit meaning is to consider alternatives to what the speaker said. While we know that alternatives are activated and affect initial processing, less is known about how those alternatives ultimately become integrated into comprehenders' representations of the message in a more long-term durable format. This paper reports two experiments that use a recognition task to probe whether implicit scalar alternatives remain active during an experimental session (Experiment 1) or after a 24-hour delay (Experiment 2). The results show that implicit scalar alternatives seem to be maintained in memory when probed during the experimental session but not after a 24-hour delay. These results suggest that alternatives that are relevant to the discourse are stored in long-term memory but may not be accessible when probing linguistic representations that have been encoded as conceptual meaning representations.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"2082-2112"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13461701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146151059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0