Memory & Cognition最新文献_第5页

Practice makes better? The influence of increased practice on task conflict in the Stroop task. 熟能生巧？增加练习对Stroop任务中任务冲突的影响。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-25 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01677-7

Jonathan Najenson, Rut Zaks-Ohayon, Joseph Tzelgov, Nir Fresco

{"title":"Practice makes better? The influence of increased practice on task conflict in the Stroop task.","authors":"Jonathan Najenson, Rut Zaks-Ohayon, Joseph Tzelgov, Nir Fresco","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01677-7","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-024-01677-7","url":null,"abstract":"The Stroop task is widely used to study attentional control and cognitive flexibility. However, questions about its sensitivity to training and the impact of task conflict on attentional control remain open. We investigated the effects of practice and task conflict on attentional control in the Stroop task, with participants completing four sessions of a Stroop task over 3 weeks in low and high task-conflict conditions. Our results show that the level of task conflict had an impact only in the first session, even though participants remained sensitive to task conflict throughout all four sessions. Moreover, we found that practice reduced response times in the Stroop task, for both congruent and incongruent trials. Nevertheless, the interference between congruent and incongruent stimuli remained consistent over the 3-week period, indicating that inter-condition interference is not affected by training. Our study, therefore, suggests that the extent to which the level of task conflict modulates Stroop task performance is only partially sensitive to training. These findings provide further insights into the role of task conflict and practice in attentional control and cognitive flexibility.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1696-1707"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12401770/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143042304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Valence-based biases in collective temporal thought: The role of question framing, culture, and age. 集体时间思维中的基于价值的偏见：问题框架、文化和年龄的作用。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01680-y

Zizhan Yao, Kristi S Multhaup, Phia S Salter

{"title":"Valence-based biases in collective temporal thought: The role of question framing, culture, and age.","authors":"Zizhan Yao, Kristi S Multhaup, Phia S Salter","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01680-y","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-024-01680-y","url":null,"abstract":"Collective temporal thought includes individuals' memories of group experiences and expectations about the group's collective future. Prior studies have found inconsistent valence biases (e.g., positivity) in North American collective memory and consistently negative biases in collective future thought. Discrepancies in collective memory valence biases may be due to different question framing across studies. Moreover, a limited number of studies extend collective temporal thought research beyond Western nations and few studies examine potential age-related differences in this area. Therefore, the present study investigates valence-based biases in collective temporal thought from the perspective of question framing, culture, and participant age. Participants (N = 1,548) included younger (20-39 years) and older (60+ years) adults from the USA and mainland China. Whereas Americans' collective memory biases varied across question framings, Chinese participants consistently displayed positivity biases. The American bias patterns were specific to collective memory and did not carry over to collective future thought ratings. Chinese participants showed higher dialectical thinking than American participants and dialectical thinking positively correlated with the proportion of positive events reported. Older adults generated significantly more positive events than younger adults, more so in collective memory than in collective future thought. Overall, collective temporal thinking is influenced by question framing, cultural context, and participant age.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1738-1753"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12402011/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142980287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Disgust memory enhancement extends to more accurate memory but not more false memories. 厌恶记忆的增强扩展到更准确的记忆，而不是更多的错误记忆。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01681-x

Lucy A Matson, Ella K Moeck, Tyla R Molyneux, Melanie K T Takarangi

{"title":"Disgust memory enhancement extends to more accurate memory but not more false memories.","authors":"Lucy A Matson, Ella K Moeck, Tyla R Molyneux, Melanie K T Takarangi","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01681-x","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-024-01681-x","url":null,"abstract":"People show enhanced memory recall for disgust over fear, despite both being highly negative and arousing emotions. But does disgust's 'stickiness' in memory result in more false memories for disgust versus fear? Existing research finds low false-memory rates for disgust and fear, perhaps from using image lures depicting content unrelated to target images. Therefore, we presented 111 participants with disgust, fear, (and neutral) images during an attention-monitoring task. After 24-48 hours, participants completed a recognition test, where they viewed 'old' (previously seen) and 'new' images (both related and unrelated lures) and indicated whether each image was 'old' or 'new'. Relative to fear, participants experienced fewer false memories of disgust for unrelated lures, but similar false memories for related lures. Furthermore, participants' attention was captured more by disgust than fear images, and correct recognition and memory sensitivity were enhanced for disgust relative to fear. Our findings suggest disgust memory enhancement extends to accurate memory, which has clinical implications.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1754-1766"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12402033/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does expecting external memory support cost recognition memory? 期望外部存储器支持成本识别存储器吗？

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-025-01688-y

Megan O Kelly, Batul Karimjee, April E Pereira, Xinyi Lu, Evan F Risko

{"title":"Does expecting external memory support cost recognition memory?","authors":"Megan O Kelly, Batul Karimjee, April E Pereira, Xinyi Lu, Evan F Risko","doi":"10.3758/s13421-025-01688-y","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-025-01688-y","url":null,"abstract":"We often use tools and aids to help us achieve our cognitive goals - that is, we often offload to external supports. One such variety of offloading is the use of external memory stores (e.g., phones, computers, notebooks, calendars) to support memory. Recent work aimed at better understanding the consequences of offloading memory on aspects of unaided memory have revealed a clear cost to unaided memory performance when an external memory store is unexpectedly lost, but this work has focused on examining this cost in free-recall paradigms. Using key theoretical differences between recall and recognition, we sought to examine the influences of expecting external memory supports in a recognition memory context across five preregistered experiments, finding evidence for a small cost to unaided recognition memory. We found evidence for a specific cost in recollection (Experiments 2, 3a, and 3b). When testing the effects of expecting external memory support on indices of study effort, there was a reduction to study time which partially mediated the relation between expecting support and memory performance indices, consistent with earlier work using free recall. Individuals did not predict a cost to memory of losing expected support in recognition, contrasting earlier work using free recall.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1865-1887"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143075865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Temporal attention modulates distraction resistance of visual working memory representations. 时间注意调节视觉工作记忆表征的分心抵抗。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-025-01690-4

Xue Yang, Yangyang Sun, Wenhao Yu, Youting Lin, Yanliang Sun

{"title":"Temporal attention modulates distraction resistance of visual working memory representations.","authors":"Xue Yang, Yangyang Sun, Wenhao Yu, Youting Lin, Yanliang Sun","doi":"10.3758/s13421-025-01690-4","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-025-01690-4","url":null,"abstract":"The regulation of Visual Working Memory (VWM) distraction resistance by internal attention remains debated with four hypotheses: the null hypothesis (attentional priorities don't affect distraction resistance), protection hypothesis (higher priority, greater distraction resistance), vulnerability hypothesis (higher priority, lower distraction resistance), and available resource threshold hypothesis (distraction resistance depends on attentional resource allocation exceed required thresholds). A recent study found that temporal attention can influence VWM priorities, yet this hasn't been explored from the perspective of temporal attention. This study used a continuous reporting task to examine these issues. Experiment 1 established stable attentional priority using an auditory cue, while Experiment 2 removed this cue to introduce dynamic priority changes. To explore neural mechanisms, Experiment 3 employed EEG to measure contingent negative variation (CNV) and decode priority representations during the delay period. Behavioral results confirmed that visual distractors increased memory deviation during maintenance, but deviations were smaller for anticipated high-priority items, suggesting better memory accuracy. High-priority items showed greater resistance to distraction at long intervals. Without the auditory cue, high-priority items resisted distraction better at short intervals. EEG results revealed enhanced CNV before long interval targets and better decoding of priority with distractors during long intervals. In summary, distraction affects different priority items equally when resources exceed requirements. High-priority items resist interference when adequately resourced but suffer if resources are insufficient, supporting the available resource threshold hypothesis. This study highlights the temporal dynamics of distraction resistance in VWM representations.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1909-1926"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143190955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Examining the semantic relatedness effect on working memory with ad hoc categories. 特别类别对工作记忆的语义关联效应研究。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-025-01692-2

Sho Ishiguro, Dominic Guitard, Jean Saint-Aubin

{"title":"Examining the semantic relatedness effect on working memory with ad hoc categories.","authors":"Sho Ishiguro, Dominic Guitard, Jean Saint-Aubin","doi":"10.3758/s13421-025-01692-2","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-025-01692-2","url":null,"abstract":"The semantic relatedness effect, a memory advantage of semantically related items (e.g., \"penguin, giraffe, goat\"), is well established in the literature on working memory (WM). Nevertheless, it remains unclear what mechanisms are responsible for this effect. Although an influential account ascribes it to the cue-dependent retrieval process (e.g., \"animal\" works as a cue for \"penguin, giraffe, goat\"), this account has not yet been fully investigated. This is partly because the influence of cues cannot be directly tested in typical studies using common categories (e.g., \"animal\" is likely to be generated and used by participants, but the generation and use of cues are uncontrollable for the experimenter). The present study, by introducing ad hoc categories and cueing ad hoc category labels, directly tested the influence of cues. Specifically, seemingly unrelated items (e.g., \"bone, fly, car\") were presented with or without the corresponding ad hoc category label (e.g., \"things that dogs chase\"). Four experiments demonstrated that providing ad hoc category labels affected WM performance. Importantly, providing the labels improved item memory in WM (Experiments 2 and 3). This supported the retrieval-cue account. Nevertheless, the effect was small (Experiments 2 and 3) and was not found in an experiment (Experiment 1). In contrast, providing the labels had a substantial and systematic effect on long-term memory, suggesting that the manipulation of providing the labels, per se, was successful. The current study's implications for research on WM and ad hoc categories were also discussed.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1944-1962"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143371314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01678-6

René-Pierre Sonier, Dominic Guitard, Emma Melanson, Randall K Jamieson, Jean Saint-Aubin

{"title":"Semantic similarity is not emotional: No effect of similarity defined by valence, arousal, and dominance on short-term ordered recall.","authors":"René-Pierre Sonier, Dominic Guitard, Emma Melanson, Randall K Jamieson, Jean Saint-Aubin","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01678-6","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-024-01678-6","url":null,"abstract":"In short-term ordered recall tasks, phonological similarity impedes item and order recall, while semantic similarity benefits item recall with a weak or null effect on order recall. Ishiguro and Saito recently suggested that these contradictory findings were due to an inadequate assessment of semantic similarity. They proposed a novel measure of semantic similarity based on the distance between items in a three-dimensional space composed of the semantic dimensions of valence, arousal, and dominance. We conducted an experimental examination of their proposal. In four experiments, participants performed an immediate serial recall or an immediate order reconstruction task. Performance of dissimilar lists was contrasted with performance for semantically similar lists defined by valence, arousal, and dominance or by the typical latent semantic analysis. Two sets of words were used to assess the reproducibility of the findings and similar results were observed with both sets. As expected, when similarity was defined with latent semantic analysis, items were better recalled without noticeable impact on their order. However, contrary to Ishiguro and Saito's predictions, when similarity was defined with valence, arousal and dominance, no effect emerged.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1708-1724"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cost avoidance underlies decisions to use prospective memory reminders. 成本规避是决定使用前瞻性记忆提醒的基础。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-025-01683-3

B Hunter Ball, Phil Peper

{"title":"Cost avoidance underlies decisions to use prospective memory reminders.","authors":"B Hunter Ball, Phil Peper","doi":"10.3758/s13421-025-01683-3","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-025-01683-3","url":null,"abstract":"Recent evidence suggests that offloading demands on to external sources can improve the remembering of future plans (i.e., prospective memory). The purpose of the current study was to better understand the mechanisms by which participants choose to offload prospective memory demands. Participants formed the intention to later respond to either one (low load) or four (high load) prospective memory targets with or without the use of reminders. During reminder trials, participants could press the \"reminder\" key to be shown the learned targets in a \"lookup table.\" The frequency of reminder checking was used to index the willingness to rely on external sources to support remembering. The utility of reminder checking was manipulated by varying the number of distractors presented in the lookup table (Experiment 1), implementing a time penalty for checking the table (Experiment 2), and explicitly describing the effectiveness of using reminders (Experiment 3). The results consistently showed that participants checked reminders more frequently under high memory load (i.e., four targets). Moreover, participants checked reminders less frequently when the costs associated with doing so increased (Experiments 2 and 3). However, confidence in one's own memory ability was not associated with checking frequency. These findings suggest that participants choose to offload, at least in part, to reduce the time or effort to complete the task.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1785-1802"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12305806/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Relational encoding promotes creative insight for problem-solving. 关系编码促进解决问题的创造性洞察力。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-025-01685-1

Kenneth J Kurtz, Leif Haley, Alexus Longo, Shanti Astra, Hannah Meltzer, Gavin Suwara, John D Patterson

引用次数: 0

Short-term pitch memory predicts both incidentally and intentionally acquired absolute pitch categories. 短期音高记忆预测偶然和有意获得的绝对音高类别。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-025-01686-0

Stephen C Van Hedger, Katarina Jovanovic, Andrè Grenier, Sum Yee Hoh

{"title":"Short-term pitch memory predicts both incidentally and intentionally acquired absolute pitch categories.","authors":"Stephen C Van Hedger, Katarina Jovanovic, Andrè Grenier, Sum Yee Hoh","doi":"10.3758/s13421-025-01686-0","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-025-01686-0","url":null,"abstract":"Tonal short-term memory has been positively associated with both incidentally acquired absolute pitch memory (e.g., for popular songs) and explicitly learned absolute pitch (AP) categories; however, the relationship between these constructs has not been directly tested within the same individuals. The current study investigated how tonal short-term memory relates to both incidentally and intentionally acquired AP. Participants (n = 192) completed a tonal short-term memory task, an incidental AP task, and an AP categorization task. The tonal short-term assessment involved adjusting a starting tone to match a target tone. The incidental AP task involved judging whether excerpts of popular songs were presented in the correct key. The AP categorization task involved associating six pitch chroma categories with arbitrary labels, including a generalization test that used Shepard tones to discourage pitch height cues. We found that all three pitch measures were positively correlated with one another. Critically, however, we found that tonal short-term memory fully mediated the relationship between incidental AP and explicit AP categorization. This finding held even when controlling for musical training and tonal language fluency. Overall, these results suggest that pitch memory is a consistent individual difference measure across different timescales and different measures (e.g., incidental measures, explicit measures). However, tonal short-term memory appears to be foundational to both incidentally acquired and explicitly learned AP categories.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1836-1848"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143030187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0