Memory & Cognition最新文献_第10页

Meta-analytic investigations of the effect of cognitive offloading on memory-based task performance and interindividual variability. 认知卸载对基于记忆的任务表现和个体间变异性影响的元分析研究。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-025-01743-8

Lois K Burnett, Lauren L Richmond

{"title":"Meta-analytic investigations of the effect of cognitive offloading on memory-based task performance and interindividual variability.","authors":"Lois K Burnett, Lauren L Richmond","doi":"10.3758/s13421-025-01743-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-025-01743-8","url":null,"abstract":"Humans have long used external resources to overcome limitations of internal memory. However, experimental research investigating the efficacy of these strategies has emerged relatively recently. Given the rapidly growing interest in this topic, we conducted two meta-analyses to answer key questions regarding the effects of cognitive offloading - the use of physical action to reduce internal cognitive demand - on the performance of memory-based tasks. A meta-analysis of mean differences revealed that the benefit of offloading is greater for forced- compared to choice-offloading conditions and within- compared to between-subject designs. A meta-analysis of variance found that cognitive offloading reduces interindividual variability in the performance of memory-based tasks and that the reduction is greater for adults compared to children, for forced- compared to choice-offloading conditions, and for prospective compared to retrospective memory tasks. Study modality was not a significant moderator in either analysis. We discuss the applied, theoretical, and methodological implications of these findings.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144276250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Expectation-[in]congruence differentially impacts recall and recognition of object features. 期望-一致性对物体特征的回忆和识别有不同的影响。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-06-10 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-025-01740-x

Kimele Persaud, Carla Macias, Elizabeth Bonawitz

{"title":"Expectation-[in]congruence differentially impacts recall and recognition of object features.","authors":"Kimele Persaud, Carla Macias, Elizabeth Bonawitz","doi":"10.3758/s13421-025-01740-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-025-01740-x","url":null,"abstract":"Study events that are congruent with our prior expectations are better remembered than expectation-unrelated events. Paradoxically, events that are highly incongruent with expectations are also better remembered. In this study, we explore whether this paradoxical finding persists in object featural memory. Specifically, we examine whether memory for expectation-congruent and incongruent features of objects is differentially impacted by the processes that underlie recall and recognition and the types of information being probed. In three experiments, we manipulated the degree to which object features adhered to people's prior expectations (i.e., colors of objects) and then assessed memory (recall and recognition) for expectation-relevant features (i.e., object-color) and expectation-irrelevant features (i.e., object-shape). While both expectation-congruent and incongruent features were equally well recognized, only expectation-congruent features were better recalled compared to expectation-unrelated features. Furthermore, only strong expectation-congruence created a memory advantage for expectation-irrelevant object features. These findings suggest that in object featural memory, expectation-congruence and incongruence are qualitatively dissociable in their impact on recognition and recall processes. The findings from this work have important implications for cognitive and neuroscientific theories of how prior expectations shape the representation of objects and their constituent features in episodic memory.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144267704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dissociating voluntary mental imagery and mental simulation: Evidence from aphantasia. 自主心理意象和心理模拟的分离：来自幻觉的证据。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-06-10 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-025-01731-y

Laura J Speed, Emma M E Geraerds, Ken McRae

{"title":"Dissociating voluntary mental imagery and mental simulation: Evidence from aphantasia.","authors":"Laura J Speed, Emma M E Geraerds, Ken McRae","doi":"10.3758/s13421-025-01731-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-025-01731-y","url":null,"abstract":"Intentional visual imagery is a component of numerous aspects of cognition. Related to visual imagery, mental simulation plays a role in language comprehension: modality-specific regions of the brain are activated as an implicit part of people understanding language. The degree of overlap between the processes underlying conscious, voluntary visual imagery versus less conscious, more automatic mental simulation is unclear. We investigated this issue by having aphantasics (people who are unable to experience conscious voluntary visual imagery) and control participants perform a property verification task in which they were asked whether a property is a physical part of an object (e.g., is mane a physical part of a lion?). We manipulated the false trials so that the two words either were associated (semantically related) but did not form an object-part combination (monkey-banana), or were not associated (apple-cloud). Solomon and Barsalou (Memory & Cognition, 32, 244-259, 2004) demonstrated that word association influenced responses when the words in the false trials were not associated, whereas when they were associated, perceptual measures most strongly influenced the results, indicating mental simulation. In the present study, control participants and aphantasics demonstrated similar evidence of the use of both mental simulation and word association when verifying whether the words formed an object-part combination. These results suggest that visual imagery and mental simulation are at least somewhat separable cognitive processes.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144259145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Supporting comprehension: The advantages of multiple-choice over true-false practice tests. 辅助理解：选择题相对于真假练习题的优势。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-025-01726-9

Lena Hildenbrand, Jennifer Wiley

{"title":"Supporting comprehension: The advantages of multiple-choice over true-false practice tests.","authors":"Lena Hildenbrand, Jennifer Wiley","doi":"10.3758/s13421-025-01726-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-025-01726-9","url":null,"abstract":"While work on improving comprehension has primarily focused on open-ended generative activities, closed-ended practice tests using inference-type questions may also benefit understanding from text. Four experiments were designed to investigate how practice tests, specifically in multiple-choice and true-false formats, may support comprehension. Experiments 1 and 2 compared the two practice test formats to rereading. Both formats improved performance on a final essay test in Experiment 1, but in Experiment 2, only multiple-choice practice enhanced performance on a short-answer (SA) test. Experiment 3 introduced feedback on practice tests, but found no added benefit on the final SA test, which remained consistently better for those who completed the multiple-choice as compared with the true-false version of the practice test. Finally, manipulating text availability during practice tests in Experiment 4 improved performance on the final SA test. However, multiple-choice practice consistently led to better SA performance than true-false, regardless of text availability. The present work illustrates that the benefits from a closed-ended practice test with multiple-choice questions can persist over a delay and transfer to a set of new comprehension questions. At the same time, the results also highlight important constraints in that subtle nuances in question design can impact the observed benefits of practice testing on learning outcomes.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Downstream consequences of collaborative recall: Testing the influence on new learning and protection of original learning. 协同回忆的下游后果：对新学习的影响和对原有学习的保护的检验。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-025-01730-z

Garrett D Greeley, Suparna Rajaram

{"title":"Downstream consequences of collaborative recall: Testing the influence on new learning and protection of original learning.","authors":"Garrett D Greeley, Suparna Rajaram","doi":"10.3758/s13421-025-01730-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-025-01730-z","url":null,"abstract":"Collaboration influences memory during group recall (e.g., collaborative inhibition) and downstream, impacting individual recall (e.g., retrieval gains) and memory convergence (e.g., collective memory) following the interaction. The current study tested the scope of this downstream reach as we examined whether prior collaborative recall, compared with individual recall, improves subsequent learning. Further, we assessed whether group recall protects original learning-that is, if collaboration helps individuals distinguish learning episodes and if postcollaborative effects persist even as new learning occurs. In two experiments, participants worked individually or in collaborative groups to recall a word list. Next, participants studied a new list of words that were semantically related to the original list before recalling the most recently studied list (noncumulative recall; Experiment 1) or both lists (cumulative recall; Experiment 2). Interestingly, collaborative and individual retrieval influenced subsequent learning of new material similarly. However, collaboration protected original learning; former collaborators recalled fewer prior-list intrusions (Experiment 1), and they were better at identifying when words appeared on the original list (Experiment 2). Moreover, postcollaborative retrieval gains and collective memory for the originally studied material persisted as new learning occurred (Experiment 2). These novel findings suggest that while collaborative retrieval may not readily improve subsequent learning compared with individual retrieval, group recall confers a downstream source-monitoring advantage and postcollaboration effects are resilient in the face of subsequent learning. We discuss how these findings align with relevant theoretical accounts that emphasize the importance of contextual dynamics and highlight the potential for more applied research on this topic.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144259146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding lightbulb moments: Meaning-making in visual morphology from comics and emoji. 理解电灯泡时刻：漫画和表情符号视觉形态学的意义制造。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-06-06 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-025-01734-9

Lenneke Doris Lichtenberg, Bien Klomberg, Joost Schilperoord, Neil Cohn

{"title":"Understanding lightbulb moments: Meaning-making in visual morphology from comics and emoji.","authors":"Lenneke Doris Lichtenberg, Bien Klomberg, Joost Schilperoord, Neil Cohn","doi":"10.3758/s13421-025-01734-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-025-01734-9","url":null,"abstract":"How do we interpret a lightbulb above a head in visual images to mean inspiration? We investigated the semantic processing of these \"upfixes\" like lightbulbs or gears that float above characters' heads. We examined the congruity of face-upfix dyads presented sequentially with words describing their literal (\"lightbulb\") or non-literal meanings (\"inspiration\"). To examine if upfixes alone sponsor meanings, we showed participants upfixes that either matched or mismatched the facial expression (e.g., lightbulb over an excited vs. sad face). Literal words always evoked faster response times for face-upfix dyads when presented before the images. When images appeared before words, participants responded faster to non-literal words for matching dyads than mismatching dyads. On the other hand, when literal words appeared before images, participants responded faster to matching dyads than mismatching dyads. Non-literal words were rated as more congruous with matching dyads, while literal words were more congruous with mismatching dyads. Thus, non-literal upfix meanings (e.g., inspiration) are ingrained in memory only when they match facial expressions, supporting the notion that they belong to a constrained visual lexicon. Our study contributes a combinatorial method of both verbal and visual modalities into the study of non-literal expressions in memory.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of grandchildren on episodic memory and future-time perspective of older adults. 孙辈对老年人情景记忆和未来时间观的影响。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-025-01739-4

Laetitia Bruno, Patrick Bonin, Gaëtan Thiebaut, Aurélia Bugaïska

{"title":"Impact of grandchildren on episodic memory and future-time perspective of older adults.","authors":"Laetitia Bruno, Patrick Bonin, Gaëtan Thiebaut, Aurélia Bugaïska","doi":"10.3758/s13421-025-01739-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-025-01739-4","url":null,"abstract":"This study was designed to investigate the effects of aging in episodic memory and future-time perspective. More specifically, we investigated the impact of grandchildren at encoding on future-time perspective and free recall in older adults. We asked younger and older adults to imagine being stranded in the grasslands of a foreign land without any basic survival items, and to consider either their personal survival or (older adults only) that of their grandchildren. Among the older adults, compared with a pleasantness (control) condition, a survival processing advantage was observed in the grandchild-survival condition, which differed reliably from the personal-survival condition. Furthermore, encouraging the older participants to think about their grandchildren eliminated the differences between older and younger adults on future-time perspective. Having grandchildren seems to serve an adaptive function in old age. Their presence enhances memory performance and seems to enable older adults to cope with their limited life perspective. In line with motivational theories of aging, these results provide valuable insights, opening up new perspectives on the prioritization of goals by older adults and the underlying reasons, including emotional meaning and adaptive purpose.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144235573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Judgments of learning impair rule-based discovery. 学习判断损害基于规则的发现。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-025-01737-6

Kit S Double, Dominic Tran, Micah B Goldwater

{"title":"Judgments of learning impair rule-based discovery.","authors":"Kit S Double, Dominic Tran, Micah B Goldwater","doi":"10.3758/s13421-025-01737-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-025-01737-6","url":null,"abstract":"Eliciting judgments of learning (JOLs) from participants has been shown to enhance memory recall on paired-associates tasks in some contexts, a reactivity effect. However, little is known about the effect of JOLs on forms of learning where the task requires generalizing beyond the training set, such as in category learning. Here, we explore the effect of JOLs on relational rule discovery using a categorization paradigm. In Experiments 1 and 2, where both a relational rule and visual stimulus features can be effectively used for categorization, we show that JOLs impair rule discovery but do not affect memorization of visual features. In Experiment 3, we modified the task such that only a relational rule could be used to categorize stimuli and observed no evidence of reactivity. We explain these findings using a conservative strategy-shift account of reactivity, which proposes that eliciting JOLs causes participants to shift strategies to utilize the more obviously rewarded strategy. Specifically, when participants have multiple viable strategies, JOLs shift participants' categorization strategy away from rule discovery and instead encourage a more obvious strategy based on memorization of visual features.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The power of many: The role of global matching in the episodic flanker compatibility effect. 许多人的力量：整体匹配在情景侧卫兼容性效应中的作用。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-05-30 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-025-01733-w

Gordon D Logan, Simon D Lilburn

{"title":"The power of many: The role of global matching in the episodic flanker compatibility effect.","authors":"Gordon D Logan, Simon D Lilburn","doi":"10.3758/s13421-025-01733-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-025-01733-w","url":null,"abstract":"The episodic flanker task is a memory analog of the classic perceptual flanker task. It was designed to test the conjecture that memory retrieval is perceptual attention turned inward. It measures the sharpness of the focus of attention on memory and produces episodic compatibility effects from flanking items analogous to the perceptual flanker task. Here we ask whether the episodic flanker compatibility effect results from a local match between the probe item and the cued item in the memory list, a global match between the entire (multiletter) probe and the memory list, or a combination of the two. We report two episodic flanker experiments that manipulate the compatibility of near (adjacent to the target) and far (nonadjacent) flankers independently. Local matching predicts no effect of remote targets. Global matching predicts that remote flankers will modulate the compatibility effect, reducing it when one is compatible and the other is incompatible. The results of both experiments confirmed the global matching prediction. A third experiment manipulated near and far flankers in a classic perceptual flanker task and found that far flankers modulated the compatibility effect in the same way, strengthening the parallels between episodic and perceptual flanker tasks. We conclude that the episodic flanker compatibility effect, like the perceptual effect, depends on both local and global matching. Our results provide converging evidence for the idea that memory retrieval is perceptual attention turned inward.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The standard and reversed attentional boost effects in a joint action task. 联合行动任务中的标准和反向注意力增强效应。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-05-30 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-025-01735-8

Jiaying Yan, Jia-Jia Feng, Tingting Lai, Lei Jia, Xiaoqing Wang

{"title":"The standard and reversed attentional boost effects in a joint action task.","authors":"Jiaying Yan, Jia-Jia Feng, Tingting Lai, Lei Jia, Xiaoqing Wang","doi":"10.3758/s13421-025-01735-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-025-01735-8","url":null,"abstract":"The attentional boost effect (ABE) refers to a phenomenon wherein heightened attention to target detection in dual-task paradigms enhances memory performance for target-associated items. While the standard ABE has been extensively investigated in individual settings with self-relevant targets, it remains unclear whether the ABE persists or modulates in dyadic interactions involving both self-relevant and partner-relevant targets. To address this gap, we employed a mixed experimental design using lexical materials. Three groups were recruited to perform a typical ABE test using the same stimuli, including a single-person group for the standard ABE test, a dyadic baseline group (consisting of one true participant and one confederate), and a dyadic experimental group (composed of two true participants). As results, we observed a standard ABE for self-relevant targets (characterized by significantly higher d-prime scores for self-target items compared with distractor items) among all three groups, with no significant differences between the groups. Moreover, both the dyadic baseline group and the dyadic experimental group exhibited a reversed ABE for partner-target items (characterized by significantly lower d-prime scores for partner-target items compared with distractor items). These findings not only validate the ABE triggered by self-targets but also present, for the first time, a reversed ABE driven by spontaneous co-representation of partner targets. Consequently, the self-referential and actor/agent co-representation mechanisms underlying the standard and reversed ABEs are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0