Memory & Cognition最新文献_第10页

Identity in the spotlight: Matching faces without overlapping features. 聚光灯下的身份：匹配没有重叠特征的面孔。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2026-06-22 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-026-01908-z

Rachel A Searston, Daniel J Carragher

{"title":"Identity in the spotlight: Matching faces without overlapping features.","authors":"Rachel A Searston, Daniel J Carragher","doi":"10.3758/s13421-026-01908-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-026-01908-z","url":null,"abstract":"One-to-one face matching is widely used for identity verification yet becomes difficult with unfamiliar faces or when parts of the face are covered. We investigated whether observers could accurately verify identity from different nonoverlapping facial fragments. Each stimulus of our novel face-matching task had the appearance of a single face image as revealed through four circular 'spotlights,' one from each quadrant of the face. Observers judged whether the designated target spotlight (from Image A) depicted the same identity as the three reference spotlights sampled from a different image (all from Image B). Across three experiments, we examined observers' matching performance for familiar and unfamiliar faces under Baseline (Experiment 1), Scrambled (Experiment 2), and Inverted (Experiment 3) spotlight arrangements. Accuracy reliably exceeded chance across all but one condition: familiar inverted faces. A familiar-face advantage emerged under baseline conditions, disappeared when the spatial layout was scrambled, and reversed under inversion-while unfamiliar-face accuracy remained robust to these manipulations. These findings demonstrate that observers can exploit latent identity information without direct feature correspondence to achieve above-chance accuracy in identification and reveal an unexpected dissociation between familiar-face and unfamiliar-face matching when spatial orientation is disrupted in these highly challenging conditions.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148303683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Test delay and change awareness moderate retroactive and proactive memory effects. 测试延迟和改变意识适度追溯和主动记忆效应。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2026-06-18 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-026-01903-4

Samuel W Cox, Colleen M Kelley, James W Antony, Christopher N Wahlheim

{"title":"Test delay and change awareness moderate retroactive and proactive memory effects.","authors":"Samuel W Cox, Colleen M Kelley, James W Antony, Christopher N Wahlheim","doi":"10.3758/s13421-026-01903-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-026-01903-4","url":null,"abstract":"Similar experiences can enhance or impair existing memories or newly encoded events. Such retroactive and proactive memory effects have been examined using A-B, A-D tasks in which pairs studied across two lists share cues but have changed responses. These tasks often show greater retroactive interference on immediate than delayed tests and greater proactive interference on delayed than immediate tests. Four experiments using A-B, A-D tasks characterized the role of change awareness in such effects. Retroactive interference from List 2 onto List 1 recall was observed on immediate but not delayed tests. When List 2 included measures of change awareness and List 1 recall, retroactive facilitation in List 1 recall was observed on a delayed test. Conversely, intrusions from List 1 onto List 2 recall, indicating proactive interference, were greater on delayed than immediate tests. Response interdependence on the final test showed that correct recall was associated with recollection of other list responses and that changes had occurred. These findings indicate that retrieval practice during List 2 both increased accessibility of earlier responses and promoted cross-episode integration. When the retrieved response was later the target, this accessibility produced retroactive facilitation; when it was the competitor, it increased proactive interference unless recollection of change preserved information about the responses' temporal relationship. The theoretical implications are that temporal changes in retroactive and proactive interference depend not only on differences in trace accessibility across lists but also on whether study-phase retrieval promotes integrative encoding and whether change information remains accessible at test.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148279231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of encoding processes in the temporal compression of negative events in episodic memory. 编码过程在情景记忆中消极事件时间压缩中的作用。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2026-06-11 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-026-01902-5

Charline Colson, Arnaud D'Argembeau

{"title":"The role of encoding processes in the temporal compression of negative events in episodic memory.","authors":"Charline Colson, Arnaud D'Argembeau","doi":"10.3758/s13421-026-01902-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-026-01902-5","url":null,"abstract":"Episodic memory allows individuals to mentally reconstruct past experiences in a temporally compressed form, such that remembering typically unfolds faster than the original event. This compression is not uniform: recent evidence indicates that negative events are remembered with less temporal compression than neutral ones, suggesting enhanced preservation of event unfolding. The present study investigated the role of encoding processes in this emotional memory advantage. In Experiment 1, we used a divided-attention manipulation to test whether the availability of attentional resources at encoding modulates the effect of emotion on temporal compression. Divided attention reduced overall memory quality - elevating compression rates and reducing detail and dynamism - but did not alter the emotional memory advantage. Experiment 2 examined whether negative emotion influences event segmentation. Results showed that emotion and event segmentation exerted independent effects on temporal compression. Experiment 3 collected online descriptions of unfolding events as a proxy for the amount and type of information attended to during encoding. Results showed that participants attended to comparable amounts of information during negative and neutral events. However, similarity analyses revealed that the correspondence between online descriptions and memory narratives from Experiment 1 decreased for neutral videos encoded under divided attention, whereas it remained stable for negative videos. Together, these findings indicate that negative events produce richer and less compressed memory representations through mechanisms that operate beyond attentional allocation and event segmentation, potentially involving rapid replay or early consolidation processes at event offset.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148220107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thinking longer versus thinking better: Deliberation versus association. 思考更久vs更好：深思熟虑vs联想。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2026-06-11 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-026-01905-2

Henry Markovits, Elyse Bergeron, Emilie Gagnon-St-Pierre

引用次数: 0

Investigating the impact of narrativity on the congeniality bias. 调查叙事性对亲和性偏见的影响。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2026-06-03 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-026-01899-x

Lena Wimmer, Tobias Richter, Marieke Klöppel, Markus Appel

{"title":"Investigating the impact of narrativity on the congeniality bias.","authors":"Lena Wimmer, Tobias Richter, Marieke Klöppel, Markus Appel","doi":"10.3758/s13421-026-01899-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-026-01899-x","url":null,"abstract":"Oftentimes, people preferably select information confirming their prior beliefs-they show the congeniality bias. Here, we investigate two possibilities about how narrativity relates to the congeniality bias: Narratives might either relate negatively (since they may lack a comprehensive account of reality) or positively (since they may evoke emotions) to the congeniality bias. In two preregistered experiments, participants self-reported on their attitude towards refugees, after which they selected either a fictional narrative, nonfictional narrative, or expository text, with all texts addressing migration. Results of Experiment 1 (n = 548) supported the second possibility, whereas those of Experiment 2 (n = 1,023) did not support either possibility. When effects of both experiments were pooled, results showed that narrativity was linked positively to the congeniality bias. Fictionality was consistently unrelated to the congeniality bias. Neither need for cognitive closure nor need for affect (assessed in Experiment 2 only) moderated the relation between narrativity and the congeniality bias. However, a positive association between the need for closure and a preference for fictional narratives emerged. In Experiment 3 (n = 220), participants selected either a nonfictional narrative or an expository text, after which they reported reasons for their textual choice. When the expository text was chosen, comprehensive information obtained greater approval as the selection reason than emotional experience. The opposite pattern emerged when the nonfictional narrative was selected. In sum, when audiences are to consider written content challenging their prior beliefs, providing the content in an expository rather than a narrative format may be helpful.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148158613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A lack of robust cross-domain structural priming effects. 缺乏强大的跨域结构启动效应。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2026-06-03 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-026-01901-6

Kristen M Tooley, Paul Christian Dawkins

{"title":"A lack of robust cross-domain structural priming effects.","authors":"Kristen M Tooley, Paul Christian Dawkins","doi":"10.3758/s13421-026-01901-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-026-01901-6","url":null,"abstract":"Structural priming effects within language (e.g., Bock, 1986) have guided theory and research on structural representation for several decades. Structural priming has also been observed across domains, such as from mathematics to language (e.g., Scheepers et al., 2011), suggesting highly abstract structural representation within the global cognitive system. Experiment 1 investigated how this effect is impacted by a mathematical structural prime that lacks an overt operator, as is the case with exponents. A weak numerical trend toward a math-to-language priming effect was not found to be statistically significant. Experiments 2-3 sought to replicate Scheepers et al.'s (2011) original math to language priming effects in online and in-person settings, respectively. Separately and combined, these experiments failed to yield significant math to language priming effects, despite robust sample sizes. Bayes factor estimates suggest a null effect was more likely than a priming effect in the combined dataset. These results highlight the fact that cross-domain structural priming is understudied and underspecified, leading to difficulty planning and implementing the types of studies needed to establish when and how abstract structural representations persist across cognitive domains. Recommendations for future research include increasing item numbers and exploring methodologies that measure processing as well as behavioral responses.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148158632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The hidden threat: Attending to passive risks heightens fear and risk perception. 隐藏的威胁：关注被动风险会增加恐惧和风险感知。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2026-06-01 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-026-01904-3

Lidor Krava, Ron Carmeli, Yoella Bereby-Meyer

{"title":"The hidden threat: Attending to passive risks heightens fear and risk perception.","authors":"Lidor Krava, Ron Carmeli, Yoella Bereby-Meyer","doi":"10.3758/s13421-026-01904-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-026-01904-3","url":null,"abstract":"Passive risks are risks that arise or are amplified by inaction, such as failing to undergo a medical screening test. Because their consequences are often delayed and diffuse, such risks may receive limited attention. The present research examined whether directing attention to passive risks is associated with differences in evoked fear, perceived severity, and prioritization for mitigation. In Experiment 1, participants were shown images of various passive risks, with attention consistently directed to one of them. In Experiments 2 and 3, verbal labels of the risks were used instead of images. Participants were asked to rate the fear evoked by, the perceived severity of, and the priority to address each risk. Results consistently showed that risks receiving greater attention were perceived as more severe than those receiving less attention. In Experiments 2 and 3, attended risks were also associated with higher reported fear and greater prioritization for mitigation. Experiment 3 further showed that the effect of attention on perceived severity was moderated by individual differences in passive risk-taking, such that the effect was weaker among individuals with a higher tendency to take passive risks. These findings indicate that attention is systematically related to how passive risks are perceived and evaluated, highlighting its role in shaping risk judgments and responses.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148145328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The impact of preference for interior space design on incidental recognition memory. 室内空间设计偏好对偶然识别记忆的影响。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2026-05-30 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-026-01897-z

Nooshin Momenzadeh, Tobiasz Trawiński, Letizia Palumbo

{"title":"The impact of preference for interior space design on incidental recognition memory.","authors":"Nooshin Momenzadeh, Tobiasz Trawiński, Letizia Palumbo","doi":"10.3758/s13421-026-01897-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-026-01897-z","url":null,"abstract":"The extent to which preference shapes memory formation remains debated. Across three experiments, we tested whether preference for images of interior design predicts incidental recognition memory performance, while accounting for individual differences. Stimuli systematically varied in ceiling height, spatial openness, and curvature, design features known to influence preference. In Experiments 1 and 2 (online and laboratory), participants completed preference ratings followed by immediate recognition memory tasks, with individual differences measured via Desire for Aesthetics, Openness to Experience, and Extraversion. While participants reliably preferred rectilinear spaces, these preferences did not enhance immediate recognition memory, likely reflecting a near-ceiling effect in their performance. Experiment 3 addressed this limitation by increasing the number of stimuli, introducing a filler task, and implementing an 8-day delay interval. Here, higher preference and greater distinctiveness significantly predicted recognition memory accuracy, with a marginal moderation such that preference effects were weaker for low ceilings and closed spaces. Together, these findings suggest that preference enhances long-term, but not short-term, recognition memory, and that this effect is modulated by design features and stimulus distinctiveness.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148102292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cognitive and metacognitive markers of memory retrieval performance in speech prosody. 语音韵律记忆提取的认知和元认知标记。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2026-05-29 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-026-01896-0

Thomas Wilschut, Florian Sense, Hedderik van Rijn

{"title":"Cognitive and metacognitive markers of memory retrieval performance in speech prosody.","authors":"Thomas Wilschut, Florian Sense, Hedderik van Rijn","doi":"10.3758/s13421-026-01896-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-026-01896-0","url":null,"abstract":"Prosodic cues in speech - such as F0, intensity, and articulation rate - have been shown to be related to cognitive processes, including memory retrieval. Here we examine whether subtle variations in spoken responses to cues in a paired-associates learning task differentially reflect (a) the availability of the memory trace and (b) the learner's confidence in the response. We asked 40 participants to complete a learning task with spoken retrieval attempts followed by confidence ratings. The acoustic properties of their speech, including F0, intensity, and articulation rate, were analyzed and related to the collected confidence ratings. Results showed that intensity was indicative of objective recall performance (indicative of memory trace availability), while F0 and articulation rate were primarily related to speakers' confidence ratings (indicative of underlying certainty about the response). To evaluate these relationships more formally, we compared three structural equation models reflecting competing accounts: one in which prosody primarily indexes memory strength, one in which it primarily indexes confidence, and a hybrid model in which different features map onto distinct processes. Model comparisons favored the hybrid account, suggesting that intensity is more closely linked to memory strength, whereas F0 and articulation rate track confidence. These findings align with the idea that memory performance and metamemory processes affect distinct prosodic features in speech at separate time points during an utterance. Practically, they suggest that real-time analysis of speech prosody can infer cognitive and metacognitive states without explicit input from the speaker, offering promising applications for speech and memory research as well as educational technologies.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148057692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The primed Stroop is not a Stroop task: Evidence from delta plots. 启动的Stroop不是Stroop任务：来自三角图的证据。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2026-05-28 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-026-01886-2

Samantha Curtis, Bianca De Wit, Sachiko Kinoshita

{"title":"The primed Stroop is not a Stroop task: Evidence from delta plots.","authors":"Samantha Curtis, Bianca De Wit, Sachiko Kinoshita","doi":"10.3758/s13421-026-01886-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-026-01886-2","url":null,"abstract":"The Stroop interference effect - slower color naming on incongruent trials (e.g., GREEN printed in red) compared to neutral trials (e.g., PRESS printed in red) - is widely regarded as a hallmark of selective attention failure. We (Curtis et al., Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 32, 1328-1336, 2025) have previously argued that the integrated nature of the Stroop stimulus is a main factor contributing towards the robustness of this interference, which shows a characteristic positively sloped delta plot pattern. Here, we tested this claim by directly comparing the standard, integrated Stroop task with the primed Stroop task, in which the word and color are separated temporally (e.g., GREEN in monochrome followed by XXXX in red). Participants completed randomly intermixed standard (integrated) and primed Stroop trials: In Experiment 1, the prime-target stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA) was 550 ms; and in Experiment 2, it was 250 ms. In the standard task, interference was large and increased across quantiles, replicating the classic delta plot pattern. In contrast, interference in the primed Stroop task was smaller and remained constant across the RT distribution - producing a flat delta slope, with both long and short SOAs. We take these results as support for our claim that the robustness of Stroop interference stems from the perceptual integration of word and color into a single visual object, and when this integration is broken as in the primed Stroop task, the resulting interference effect reflects a qualitatively different mechanism; thus, the effect in the primed Stroop task is not a \"Stroop effect.\"","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148044224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0