Memory & Cognition最新文献_第10页

Effects of outlier and familiar context in trend-line estimates in scatterplots. 散点图中趋势线估计值的离群值和熟悉背景的影响。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01646-0

Başak Oral, Aysecan Boduroglu

{"title":"Effects of outlier and familiar context in trend-line estimates in scatterplots.","authors":"Başak Oral, Aysecan Boduroglu","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01646-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-024-01646-0","url":null,"abstract":"Lately, there has been a growing fascination with blending research on visualizing data and understanding how our basic visual perception works. Taking this path, this research delved into the connection between ensemble perception, which involves quickly and accurately grasping essential information from sets of visually similar objects, and how we process scatterplots. Across two experiments, we aimed to answer a couple of connected questions. First, we investigated whether having an outlier in a scatterplot affects how people draw trend-line estimates. Second, we explored whether what we are familiar with and the presence of outliers that match the trend affect how we draw trend-line estimates in scatterplots. In both experiments, we showed participants scatterplots for a short time, manipulating whether there were outliers or not. Then, using a computer mouse, participants drew their trend-line estimates. By comparing what they drew with possible trend-line solutions, we discovered that when there is no context, the outlier and the other points in a scatterplot are seen as equally important in drawing the trend-line estimate. But when the scatterplot depicted a familiar context and the outlier fitted the trend, people tended to give more weight to those outlier points in their drawings. This suggested that what we already believe can sway how we draw trend-line estimates even from quickly shown scatterplots.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction: Examining the role of stimulus complexity in item and associative memory. 更正：研究刺激复杂性在项目记忆和联想记忆中的作用。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01652-2

Ricarda Endemann, Siri-Maria Kamp

引用次数: 0

Linking actions and memories: Probing the interplay of action-effect congruency, agency experience, and recognition memory. 将行动与记忆联系起来：探索行动效果一致性、代理经验和识别记忆的相互作用。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01644-2

Marcel R Schreiner, Shenna Feustel, Wilfried Kunde

{"title":"Linking actions and memories: Probing the interplay of action-effect congruency, agency experience, and recognition memory.","authors":"Marcel R Schreiner, Shenna Feustel, Wilfried Kunde","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01644-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-024-01644-2","url":null,"abstract":"Adult humans experience agency when their action causes certain events (sense of agency). Moreover, they can later remember what these events were (memory). Here, we investigate how the relationship between actions and events shapes agency experience and memory for the corresponding events. Participants performed actions that produced stimuli that were either congruent or incongruent to the action while memory of these stimuli was probed in a recognition test. Additionally, predictability of the effect was manipulated in Experiment 1 by using either randomly interleaved or blocked ordering of action-congruent and action-incongruent events. In Experiment 2, the size of the action space was manipulated by allowing participants to choose between three or six possible responses. The results indicated a heightened sense of agency following congruent compared to incongruent trials, with this effect being increased given a larger available action space, as well as a greater sense of agency given higher predictability of the effect. Recognition memory was better for stimuli presented in congruent compared to incongruent trials, with no discernible effects of effect predictability or the size of the action space. The results point towards a joint influence of predictive and postdictive processes on agency experience and suggest a link between control and memory. The partial dissociation of influences on agency experience and memory cast doubt on a mediating role of agency experience on the relationship between action-effect congruency and memory. Theoretical accounts for this relationship are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unravelling the object-based nature of visual working memory: insight from pointers. 揭示视觉工作记忆以对象为基础的本质：从指针中得到的启示。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01643-3

Ning Wei, Jintao Song, Hongyi Zhang, Tiangang Zhou

{"title":"Unravelling the object-based nature of visual working memory: insight from pointers.","authors":"Ning Wei, Jintao Song, Hongyi Zhang, Tiangang Zhou","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01643-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-024-01643-3","url":null,"abstract":"Visual working memory (VWM) plays a crucial role in temporarily storing and processing visual information, but the nature of stored representations and their interaction with new inputs has long been unclear. The pointer system refers to how VWM links new sensory inputs to stored information using specific cues. This study aimed to investigate whether the pointer system is based on spatial, feature-based, or object-based cues by employing the repetition benefit effect, where memory performance improves with repeated memory items. Across three experiments, we manipulated spatial positions, shapes, and colors as pointer cues to determine how these features affect VWM consolidation and updating. The results showed that while spatial location serves as a strong pointer cue, shape and color features can also effectively reestablish object correspondence in VWM. These findings support the view that the pointer system in VWM is flexible and object-based, utilizing various feature cues to maintain memory continuity. This study provides new insights into how VWM connects new inputs with stored information through the pointer system.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The benefit of choice on task performance: Reduced difficulty effects in free-choice versus forced-choice tasks. 选择对任务表现的益处：自由选择与强制选择任务中的难度降低效应。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01641-5

Victor Mittelstädt, Ian Grant Mackenzie, Denise Baier, Lili Goetz, Pia Wittbecker, Hartmut Leuthold

{"title":"The benefit of choice on task performance: Reduced difficulty effects in free-choice versus forced-choice tasks.","authors":"Victor Mittelstädt, Ian Grant Mackenzie, Denise Baier, Lili Goetz, Pia Wittbecker, Hartmut Leuthold","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01641-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-024-01641-5","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated how self-determined (free) versus imposed (forced) choices influence task performance. To this end, we examined how changes in perceptual and central decision-processing difficulties affect task performance in an environment where free-choice and forced-choice tasks were intermixed. In Experiments 1 (N = 43) and 2 (N = 42), perceptual processing difficulty was varied by altering colored dot proportions (easy vs. hard color discrimination task). In Experiment 3 (N = 58), decision-processing difficulty was adjusted by changing the rotation degree of letters (easy vs. hard letter rotation task). Across all experiments, both free-choice and forced-choice performance were more impaired with harder stimuli, but this effect was generally less pronounced in freely chosen tasks. Specifically, this was evident from significant interactions between processing mode (free vs. forced) and difficulty (easy vs. hard) in the mean reaction times (RTs) for the tasks with the difficulty manipulation. Thus, processing in free-choice tasks is generally less affected by environmental changes (i.e., variation in information difficulties). We discuss how the benefit of self-determined choices over imposed choices can be explained by motivational and performance-optimization accounts, while also considering the finding that participants adjusted their task choices toward tasks with easier stimuli (i.e., significant main effect of task difficulty on choosing the task with the difficulty manipulation). Specifically, we discuss how having control over task choices might lead to more stable information processing and allow people to choose more difficult tasks when this increased difficulty has a relatively small impact on their performance.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Information accumulation on the item versus source test of source monitoring: Insights from diffusion modeling. 信息源监测项目与信息源测试的信息积累：扩散模型的启示。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01636-2

Hilal Tanyas, Julia V Liss, Beatrice G Kuhlmann

{"title":"Information accumulation on the item versus source test of source monitoring: Insights from diffusion modeling.","authors":"Hilal Tanyas, Julia V Liss, Beatrice G Kuhlmann","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01636-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-024-01636-2","url":null,"abstract":"Source monitoring involves attributing previous experiences (e.g., studied words as items) to their origins (e.g., screen positions as sources). The present study aimed toward a better understanding of temporal aspects of item and source processing. Participants made source decisions for recognized items either in succession (i.e., the standard format) or in separate test blocks providing independent measures of item and source decision speed. Comparable speeds of item and source decision across the test formats would suggest a full separation between item and source processing, whereas different speeds would imply their (partial) temporal overlap. To test these alternatives, we used the drift rate parameter of the diffusion model (Ratcliff, Psychological Review, 85, 59-108, 1978). We examined whether the drift rates, together with the other parameters, assessed separately for the item and source decision varied as a function of the test format. Threshold separation and nondecision time differed between the test formats, but item and source decision speeds represented by drift rates did not change significantly. Thus, despite facilitation on the source decision when the item decision was immediately followed by a test for source memory than when item and source were tested in separate blocks, findings did not suggest that source information already begins accumulating in the item test in the standard format. We discuss the temporal sequence of item and source processing in light of different assumptions about the contribution of familiarity and recollection.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142373269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The impact of working memory testing on long-term associative memory. 工作记忆测试对长期联想记忆的影响。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01568-x

Kathy Y Xie, Patricia A Reuter-Lorenz

{"title":"The impact of working memory testing on long-term associative memory.","authors":"Kathy Y Xie, Patricia A Reuter-Lorenz","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01568-x","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-024-01568-x","url":null,"abstract":"The long-term fate of to-be-remembered information depends in part on the conditions of initial learning, including mental operations engaged via working memory. However, the mechanistic role of working memory (WM) processes in subsequent episodic memory (EM) remains unclear. Does re-exposure to word-pairs during WM recognition testing improve EM for those associations? Are benefits from WM re-exposure greater after an opportunity for retrieval practice compared to mere re-exposure to the memoranda? These questions are addressed in three experiments (N = 460) designed to assess whether WM-based recognition testing benefits long-term associative memory relative to WM-based restudying. Our results show null or negative benefits of WM recognition testing minutes later when initial WM accuracy was not considered. An EM benefit of WM recognition testing only emerges when the analyses are limited to pairs responded to correctly during WM. However, even when compared with accurate WM recognition, restudying can lead to similar associative EM benefits in specific experimental conditions. Taken together, the present results suggest that while WM re-exposure to studied pairs is beneficial to long-term associative memory, successful retrieval on initial tests may be a necessary but insufficient condition for the emergence of a \"WM-based testing effect.\" We consider these results in relation to several hypotheses proposed to explain the testing effect in long-term memory (LTM). In view of empirical parallels with the LTM testing effect, we propose that similar processes influence the benefits of practice tests administered within the canonical boundaries of WM, suggesting continuities in memory over the short and long term.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1626-1652"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140869885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction: Learned switch readiness via concurrent activation of task sets: Evidence from task specificity and memory load. 更正：通过同时激活任务集来学习切换准备：来自任务特异性和记忆负荷的证据

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01584-x

Corey A Nack, Chiu Yu-Chin

引用次数: 0

Contingency inferences from base rates: A parsimonious strategy? 从基准利率推断突发事件：一种合理的策略？

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01567-y

Niklas Pivecka, Moritz Ingendahl, Linda McCaughey, Tobias Vogel

{"title":"Contingency inferences from base rates: A parsimonious strategy?","authors":"Niklas Pivecka, Moritz Ingendahl, Linda McCaughey, Tobias Vogel","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01567-y","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-024-01567-y","url":null,"abstract":"The pseudocontingency framework provides a parsimonious strategy for inferring the contingency between two variables by assessing the base rates. Frequently occurring levels are associated, as are rarely occurring levels. However, this strategy can lead to different contingency inferences in different contexts, depending on how the base rates vary across contexts. Here, we examine how base-rate consistency influences base-rate learning and reliance by contrasting consistent with inconsistent base rates. We hypothesized that base-rate learning is facilitated, and that people rely more on base rates if base rates are consistent. In Experiment 1, the base rates across four contexts implied the same (consistent) or different (inconsistent) contingencies. Base rates were learned equally accurately, and participants inferred contingencies that followed the base rates but deviated from the genuine contingencies within contexts, regardless of consistency. In Experiment 2, we additionally manipulated whether the context was a plausible moderator of the contingency. While we replicated the first experiment's results when the context was a plausible moderator, base-rate inferences were stronger for consistent base rates when the context was an implausible moderator. Possibly, when a moderation-by-context was implausible, participants also relied on the base-rate correlation across contexts, which implied the same contingency when base rates were consistent but was zero when the base rates were inconsistent. Thus, our findings suggest that contingency inferences from base rates involve top-down processes in which people decide how to use base-rate information.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1609-1625"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11522045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140859467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The upside of cumulative conceptual interference on exemplar-level mnemonic discrimination. 累积概念干扰对范例级记忆辨别力的影响。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01563-2

Emma Delhaye, Giorgia D'Innocenzo, Ana Raposo, Moreno I Coco

{"title":"The upside of cumulative conceptual interference on exemplar-level mnemonic discrimination.","authors":"Emma Delhaye, Giorgia D'Innocenzo, Ana Raposo, Moreno I Coco","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01563-2","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-024-01563-2","url":null,"abstract":"Although long-term visual memory (LTVM) has a remarkable capacity, the fidelity of its episodic representations can be influenced by at least two intertwined interference mechanisms during the encoding of objects belonging to the same category: the capacity to hold similar episodic traces (e.g., different birds) and the conceptual similarity of the encoded traces (e.g., a sparrow shares more features with a robin than with a penguin). The precision of episodic traces can be tested by having participants discriminate lures (unseen objects) from targets (seen objects) representing different exemplars of the same concept (e.g., two visually similar penguins), which generates interference at retrieval that can be solved if efficient pattern separation happened during encoding. The present study examines the impact of within-category encoding interference on the fidelity of mnemonic object representations, by manipulating an index of cumulative conceptual interference that represents the concurrent impact of capacity and similarity. The precision of mnemonic discrimination was further assessed by measuring the impact of visual similarity between targets and lures in a recognition task. Our results show a significant decrement in the correct identification of targets for increasing interference. Correct rejections of lures were also negatively impacted by cumulative interference as well as by the visual similarity with the target. Most interestingly though, mnemonic discrimination for targets presented with a visually similar lure was more difficult when objects were encoded under lower, not higher, interference. These findings counter a simply additive impact of interference on the fidelity of object representations providing a finer-grained, multi-factorial, understanding of interference in LTVM.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1567-1578"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11522113/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140853126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0