Memory & Cognition最新文献_第9页

The effect of instructed refreshing on working memory: Is the memory boost a function of refreshing frequency or refreshing duration? 指示性刷新对工作记忆的影响：记忆提升是刷新频率还是刷新时间的函数？

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01666-w

Evie Vergauwe, Alessandra S Souza, Naomi Langerock, Klaus Oberauer

{"title":"The effect of instructed refreshing on working memory: Is the memory boost a function of refreshing frequency or refreshing duration?","authors":"Evie Vergauwe, Alessandra S Souza, Naomi Langerock, Klaus Oberauer","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01666-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-024-01666-w","url":null,"abstract":"Refreshing is assumed to reactivate the contents of working memory in an attention-based way, resulting in a boost of the attended representations and hence improving their subsequent memory. Here, we examined whether the refreshing-induced memory boost is a constant or a gradual, time-dependent phenomenon. If the beneficial effect of refreshing on memory performance is due to the information being selected for refreshing (i.e., selection hypothesis), a constant memory boost is expected to occur each time an item is selected for refreshing, with better memory performance for items that are selected more often. If, however, the beneficial effect of refreshing on memory performance is due to spending time in the focus of attention during refreshing (i.e., duration hypothesis), a gradual memory boost is expected, with the size of the memory boost being a direct function of how long the item has been the object of focused attention. To distinguish between these hypotheses, we instructed and guided the use of refreshing during retention through the presentation of cues, and varied the number of refreshing steps and their duration independently. The number of refreshing steps, but not their duration, had an effect on recall, in agreement with the selection hypothesis. However, some of the results were less robust than anticipated, indicating that the effect of instructed refreshing is limited to certain task parameters.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spontaneous associative thought may facilitate scene-gist memory via implicit scene-labeling. 自发联想思维可能通过内隐情景标签促进情景要点记忆。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01672-y

Shira Baror, Elissa Aminoff, Yoed N Kenett

{"title":"Spontaneous associative thought may facilitate scene-gist memory via implicit scene-labeling.","authors":"Shira Baror, Elissa Aminoff, Yoed N Kenett","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01672-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-024-01672-y","url":null,"abstract":"Spontaneous associative processes (e.g., mind wandering, spontaneous memory recollection) are prevalent in everyday life, yet their influence on perceptual scene memory is under debate. Given that scene perception involves extraction of contextual associations, we hypothesized that associative thought would enhance scene memory by promoting encoding of contextual associations. In an online experiment (N = 75), participants viewed scenes, and following each scene either generated chained-free associations (associative processing), or, as control, listed words that begin with a specific letter (phonological processing). Scene memory was tested after an intermediate creativity task, which is also shown to rely on associative processes. Results revealed that associative thought, regardless of its conceptual (semantic) distances between responses, enhanced scene-gist memory, but hampered memory of scene details, implying that associative thought facilitates contextual encoding. In a follow-up experiment (N = 74), we found that the effect of associative thought on scene-gist memory was mediated by scene labeling. When participants were asked to explicitly label the scene before completing an associative processing or a phonological processing task, scene-gist memory was prioritized at the expense of scene details, eliminating the memory differences between tasks. These findings imply that labeling past perceived scenes, whether explicitly or implicitly during associative thought, facilitates scene-gist memory. Lastly, in both experiments, creativity was not correlated with scene memory but was positively correlated with the semantic distances between scene-based associations, extending past findings that link creativity with the breadth of associative processes. Together, these findings highlight the likely effect of post-perceptual associative processes on higher-order cognitive functions, such as memory consolidation and creative thought.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rapid source forgetting across modalities: A problem for working memory models. 跨模态的快速源遗忘：工作记忆模型的一个问题。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01664-y

Molly A Delooze, Dominic Guitard, Nelson Cowan, Candice C Morey

{"title":"Rapid source forgetting across modalities: A problem for working memory models.","authors":"Molly A Delooze, Dominic Guitard, Nelson Cowan, Candice C Morey","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01664-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-024-01664-y","url":null,"abstract":"Working memory is a cognitive system that enables the temporary retention (usually a few seconds) of a limited amount of information. However, recent evidence has posed challenges to the conventional understanding of working memory's persistence. Chen et al. (Psychological Science, 29(4), 645-655, 2018) demonstrated that participants can easily make judgments using a stimulus's identity but cannot recall from which source the information came (presented either as a written word or a color patch) just milliseconds earlier. This \"Source Amnesia\" carries substantial implications for working memory models but has yet to be explored within the realm of verbal information. We fill this gap by investigating the robustness and generalizability of this rapid forgetting phenomenon. We first replicate the observed effect within the visual domain (Experiment 1) and subsequently extend it to the verbal domain (Experiment 2). Finally, we test the idea that participants may instead encode a positional context (Experiment 3), in line with the Interference model (Oberauer & Lin, Psychological Review, 124(1), 21, 2017). Aligning with the work of Chen et al. (Psychological Science, 29(4), 645-655, 2018), our results consistently reveal a pronounced tendency for rapid forgetting, for both visual and verbal information regardless of whether the information is elicited for recall by format or position cues. The theoretical implications of these findings for current memory models are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Subliminal priming modulates motor sequence learning. 潜意识引物调节运动序列学习

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01668-8

Michael William Simpson, Jing Wu, Zheng Ye

{"title":"Subliminal priming modulates motor sequence learning.","authors":"Michael William Simpson, Jing Wu, Zheng Ye","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01668-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-024-01668-8","url":null,"abstract":"Sequential behaviour is underpinned by the selection and inhibition of movement at appropriate points in space and time. Sequences embedded among movement patterns must be learnt, yet the contribution of response selection and inhibition to the acquisition of motor sequences remains poorly understood. We addressed this issue by overlaying the serial reaction time task (SRTT) with subliminal masked primes that differentially weighed response tendencies. In Experiment 1, twenty-four healthy young adults, and in Experiment 2, thirty-six participants, performed the SRTT with congruent (same position), incongruent (different position), or neutral (no prime) subliminal masked primes. Each condition featured an embedded eight-digit (Experiment 1) or ten-digit (Experiment 2) second-order sequence, with conditions presented in counterbalanced order during a single session. Sequence specific learning was observed under neutral and congruent prime conditions. Independent of sequence awareness, congruent primes reduced initial response latency and led to greater sequence specific learning compared with neutral primes. However, incongruent primes appeared to attenuate learning (Experiment 1). These results demonstrate that prime congruency modulates sequence specific learning below the threshold of conscious awareness. Congruent primes may elevate the salience of stimulus-response compounds and accentuate learning, but at the cost of increased awareness. Incongruent primes, and the induction of response conflict, attenuate sequence specific learning (Experiment 1) and may prevent the formation of cross-temporal contingencies necessary for implicit motor sequence learning.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142683088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Orally retrieved negative autobiographical events are associated with increased heart rate as compared with fabricated ones. 与编造的负面自传事件相比，口述的负面自传事件会导致心率加快。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01663-z

Ivan Mangiulli, Fabiana Battista, Henry Otgaar, Tiziana Lanciano, Alessandro Piro, Daniela Grassi, Nicole Novielli, Filippo Lanubile, Antonietta Curci

{"title":"Orally retrieved negative autobiographical events are associated with increased heart rate as compared with fabricated ones.","authors":"Ivan Mangiulli, Fabiana Battista, Henry Otgaar, Tiziana Lanciano, Alessandro Piro, Daniela Grassi, Nicole Novielli, Filippo Lanubile, Antonietta Curci","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01663-z","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-024-01663-z","url":null,"abstract":"While it is well-established that authentic emotional autobiographical memories elicit physiological responses, research suggests that this elicitation can also occur for fabricated autobiographical memories. Yet challenges arise from awareness discrepancies when considering two research fields: Participants in memory studies may be unaware of producing false memories, while liars are aware of fabricating false events. Hence, in two experiments, we compared the psychophysiological pattern of true autobiographical memories with fabricated memory narratives. Using noninvasive biometric devices to measure heart rate (HR) and skin conductance level (SCL), participants were tasked with recalling both true and fabricated negative and neutral autobiographical experiences in a written (Experiment 1) and oral (Experiment 2) way. While in Experiment 1, no statistically significant differences were detected in participants' physiological responses across different recall types, in Experiment 2 we found higher HR responses during the recollection of true negative memories as compared with true neutral and fabricated memory accounts. These latter findings confirm that negative autobiographical memories might be associated with increased HR responses when they are recalled verbally. Furthermore, they suggest that people's awareness of memory authenticity (i.e., recalling true versus fabricated events) may be linked to corresponding physiological reactions linked to specific recollections.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142669494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How does it end? Endpoints of boundaries lead to completion in macro-events. 如何结束？边界的终点导致宏观事件的完成。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01657-x

Ayşe Candan Şimşek, Tolgahan Aydın, Markus Huff

{"title":"How does it end? Endpoints of boundaries lead to completion in macro-events.","authors":"Ayşe Candan Şimşek, Tolgahan Aydın, Markus Huff","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01657-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-024-01657-x","url":null,"abstract":"While watching someone kicking a ball, missing moments of ball contact can be incorrectly identified as seen if the event is continued in a causal manner (i.e., the ball flying off). Does event completion also occur for events of a larger scale such as having breakfast (macro-event), which consists of multiple sub-steps like toasting bread (micro-event)? We conducted two experiments to measure event completion in macro-events presenting portions of multiple micro-events. In Experiment 1, video summaries were formed with or without event boundary information where a macro-end was either present or absent. Macro-end signified an overarching goal achievement that signaled the completion of previous tasks (such as leaving the kitchen with a full breakfast plate). More completion occurred for summaries with event boundary information and macro-ends. In Experiment 2, we tested two alternative hypotheses to explore the underlying process by showing the beginnings or ends of a micro-event. While the predictive processing hypothesis suggests that event completion is based more on predicting the future states of the event based on beginning information, the backward inferences hypothesis suggests that event completion relies more on deductions formed after the fact based on event endings. Results of Experiment 2 suggest that the ends of event boundaries lead to more event completion, possibly due to their role in forming causal connectivity. These results help to further understand event completion on a macro level.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142639883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effects of acute exercise intensity on memory: Controlling for state-dependence. 急性运动强度对记忆的影响：控制状态依赖性

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01660-2

Paul Loprinzi, Lauren Fuglaar, Rylie Mangold, Sierra Petty, Myungjin Jung, L B Day, Zakary Patrick, Kirk I Erickson, William L Kelemen

{"title":"The effects of acute exercise intensity on memory: Controlling for state-dependence.","authors":"Paul Loprinzi, Lauren Fuglaar, Rylie Mangold, Sierra Petty, Myungjin Jung, L B Day, Zakary Patrick, Kirk I Erickson, William L Kelemen","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01660-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-024-01660-2","url":null,"abstract":"The present experiment evaluated the effects of varying intensities of acute exercise on free-recall memory performance while controlling for potential state-dependent effects. Forty-eight young adults completed a within-subject experiment involving seven primary laboratory visits. The encoding and retrieval phases were matched or mismatched by taking place either during rest or during a less than 5-min bout of acute exercise, and at moderate or vigorous intensity. We did not find evidence that the effects of acute exercise on memory were state-dependent but instead demonstrated that memory recall was greater when memory retrieval occurred during vigorous-intensity exercise compared to rest. These findings have important implications for the strategic placement of exercise during the phases of memory (e.g., acquisition, storage, retrieval) to optimize memory performance and suggest boundary conditions of state-dependent learning. We discuss various theoretical accounts (e.g., shift in metabolic resources across brain regions) to explain these findings.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142630681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Attention and the forward testing effect. 注意力和前测效应

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01661-1

Neil W Mulligan, Zachary L Buchin

{"title":"Attention and the forward testing effect.","authors":"Neil W Mulligan, Zachary L Buchin","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01661-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-024-01661-1","url":null,"abstract":"Memory retrieval affects subsequent memory in both positive (e.g., the testing effect) and negative (e.g., retrieval-induced forgetting [RIF]) ways, and can be contrasted with other forms of memory modification (e.g., study-based encoding). Divided attention substantially impairs study-based encoding but has a modest effect on retrieval. What of the subsequent learning consequences of retrieval? Earlier studies indicate that certain positive effects (i.e., the testing effect) are not reduced by distraction, whereas negative effects (i.e., RIF) are eliminated. The present study assessed an indirect (positive) effect of retrieval-the forward testing effect (FTE), in which prior retrieval or retrieval attempts enhance subsequent learning. Two experiments examined the role of attention in both the standard FTE and the pretesting effect. In Experiment 1, participants learned three study lists through retrieval practice or restudy, followed by a fourth study list. Prior retrieval practice enhanced subsequent new learning more than restudy (i.e., the standard FTE), and to a similar degree under full attention (FA) and divided attention (DA). In Experiment 2, participants learned cue-target word pairs by either studying the pair or guessing the target when shown a cue (i.e., pretesting) followed by the correct pair. Pretesting enhanced memory more than just studying to a similar degree under FA and DA. In sum, both forms of the FTE were unaffected by distraction, indicating that these positive consequences of retrieval are not based on controlled processes but instead appear to be relatively obligatory consequences of retrieval (or retrieval attempts). These results also have relevance for specific accounts of the standard FTE and the pretesting effect.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142630666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of lineup size on discriminability is dependent on filler similarity and independent of encoding strength. 队列大小对可辨别性的影响取决于填充物的相似性，而与编码强度无关。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01649-x

Allan L Lam, John T Wixted

{"title":"The effect of lineup size on discriminability is dependent on filler similarity and independent of encoding strength.","authors":"Allan L Lam, John T Wixted","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01649-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-024-01649-x","url":null,"abstract":"A photo lineup, which consists of one suspect and several physically similar fillers, is often used by the police to test an eyewitness's memory. To optimize memory performance, how similar should the fillers be to the suspect, and how many fillers should be included in the lineup? Recent work suggests that using fillers who match the basic characteristics of the perpetrator (e.g., same age, race, and gender) but who are otherwise maximally dissimilar to the suspect optimizes discriminability. However, the optimal lineup size has been found to vary with filler similarity, with larger lineup sizes increasing or decreasing discriminability depending on whether low-similarity or high-similarity fillers were used, respectively. Because manipulating filler similarity at retrieval affects overall performance, here we investigated whether encoding manipulations that affect overall performance also affect how lineup size influences discriminability. In three experiments, we first replicated prior findings (N = 502), then reduced encoding strength by making study images blurry when low-similarity fillers were used (N = 553), and finally increased encoding strength by repeating study images when high-similarity fillers were used (N = 501). We found that whether overall performance was low or high due these encoding manipulations, discriminability still increased as a function of lineup size when low-similarity fillers were used and decreased as a function of lineup size when high-similarity fillers were used. Thus, lineup size has opposing effects on discriminability when task difficulty is manipulated at retrieval, which narrows the theoretical explanations for why that effect is observed.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142607100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Timing of testing affects earwitness memory. 测试时间会影响耳证记忆。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01650-4

McKinzey G Torrance, Ayanna K Thomas

{"title":"Timing of testing affects earwitness memory.","authors":"McKinzey G Torrance, Ayanna K Thomas","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01650-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-024-01650-4","url":null,"abstract":"The present experiments investigated how interpolated testing and postevent misinformation affected earwitness memory. We examined how the number of tests and when tests occurred affected memory for an overheard event and source monitoring. Across three experiments, participants overheard a crime (i.e., the witnessed event), heard a news report summarizing the crime (postevent information), took a cued-recall test, and lastly, took a source-monitoring test. Experiment 1 compared three groups: repeated cued-recall test, repeated listen, single cued-recall test. Participants in the interpolated test group received a test after the witnessed event and again after the postevent information. Participants in the repeated listen group heard the witnessed event, and immediately relistened to the event before being presented with the postevent information. In Experiment 2 and 3, we varied the retention intervals between the witnessed event and the postevent information in a repeated test context. Our findings suggest that when participants took a test before presentation of the postevent information, they were less accurate on a final cued-recall test of the witnessed event. Importantly, the timing of the first test in relation to the witnessed event and postevent information differentially affected memory for the witnessed event and source monitoring of event and postevent details.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142592142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0