Memory & Cognition最新文献_第9页

Examining the role of stimulus complexity in item and associative memory. 研究刺激复杂性在项目记忆和联想记忆中的作用。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01590-z

Ricarda Endemann, Siri-Maria Kamp

{"title":"Examining the role of stimulus complexity in item and associative memory.","authors":"Ricarda Endemann, Siri-Maria Kamp","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01590-z","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-024-01590-z","url":null,"abstract":"Episodic memory comprises memory for individual information units (item memory) and for the connections among them (associative memory). In two experiments using an object pair learning task, we examined the effect of visual stimulus complexity on memory encoding and retrieval mechanisms and on item and associative memory performance. Subjects encoded pairs of black monochrome object images (low complexity, LC condition) or color photographs of objects (high complexity, HC condition) via interactive imagery, and subsequently item and associative recognition were tested. In Experiment 1, event-related potentials (ERPs) revealed an enhanced frontal N2 during encoding and an enhanced late posterior negativity (LPN) during item recognition in the HC condition, suggesting that memory traces containing visually more complex objects elicited a stronger effort in reconstructing the past episode. Item memory was consistently superior in the HC compared to the LC condition. Associative memory was either statistically unaffected by complexity (Experiment 1) or improved (Experiment 2) in the HC condition, speaking against a tradeoff between resources allocated to item versus associative memory, and hence contradicting results of some prior studies. In Experiment 2, in both young and older adults, both item and associative memory benefitted from stimulus complexity, such that the magnitude of the age-related associative deficit was not influenced by stimulus complexity. Together, these results suggest that if familiar objects are presented in a form that exhibits a higher visual complexity, which may support semantic processing, complexity can benefit both item and associative memory. Stimulus properties that enhance item memory can scaffold associative memory in this situation.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"628-644"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11868252/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141724760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Awake targeted memory reactivation doesn't work. 唤醒定向记忆重新激活不起作用。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01576-x

Linda J Hoffman, Julia M Foley, Büşra Tanrıverdi, Jason Chein, Ingrid R Olson

引用次数: 0

Who said what to whom? Memory for sources and destinations in monolinguals and bilinguals. 谁对谁说了什么？单语者和双语者对来源和目的地的记忆。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01589-6

Naoko Tsuboi, Wendy S Francis

{"title":"Who said what to whom? Memory for sources and destinations in monolinguals and bilinguals.","authors":"Naoko Tsuboi, Wendy S Francis","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01589-6","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-024-01589-6","url":null,"abstract":"Two experiments with monolingual and bilingual participants tested memory for sources (speakers) and destinations (listeners) in conversations consisting of self-referential statements. In Experiment 1, participants directly interacted in English conversations with audio-visually recorded confederates. In Experiment 2, participants observed recorded conversations among confederates. In both conversational situations, source memory was more accurate than destination memory, indicating that the attentional resources consumed by self-focus or sentence production/completion do not explain why destinations are less well remembered than sources in direct-interaction conversations. Source and destination memory were positively associated with item memory at the participant level, indicating that stronger item encoding is associated with stronger encoding of contextual information. In the observed conversations, source and destination accuracy were negatively associated at the trial level, indicating that these features of the memory episode are not encoded independently, and there is a tradeoff in the encoding of these contextual features. Item memory did not differ for monolinguals and bilinguals and was positively associated with proficiency only in conversations with direct interaction. In the observational setting (but not the direct-interaction setting), source and destination memory were more accurate for bilinguals than monolinguals. This finding suggests that bilinguals allocate attention more efficiently than monolinguals when the cognitive demands of sentence production are eliminated. Proficiency in English was positively associated with memory for the appropriate conversational partner only when participants had to produce sentence frames and complete them with self-generated information, suggesting that language proficiency is beneficial when cognitive demands are high.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"606-627"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141447378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does expecting external memory support cost recognition memory? 期望外部存储器支持成本识别存储器吗？

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-025-01688-y

Megan O Kelly, Batul Karimjee, April E Pereira, Xinyi Lu, Evan F Risko

{"title":"Does expecting external memory support cost recognition memory?","authors":"Megan O Kelly, Batul Karimjee, April E Pereira, Xinyi Lu, Evan F Risko","doi":"10.3758/s13421-025-01688-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-025-01688-y","url":null,"abstract":"We often use tools and aids to help us achieve our cognitive goals - that is, we often offload to external supports. One such variety of offloading is the use of external memory stores (e.g., phones, computers, notebooks, calendars) to support memory. Recent work aimed at better understanding the consequences of offloading memory on aspects of unaided memory have revealed a clear cost to unaided memory performance when an external memory store is unexpectedly lost, but this work has focused on examining this cost in free-recall paradigms. Using key theoretical differences between recall and recognition, we sought to examine the influences of expecting external memory supports in a recognition memory context across five preregistered experiments, finding evidence for a small cost to unaided recognition memory. We found evidence for a specific cost in recollection (Experiments 2, 3a, and 3b). When testing the effects of expecting external memory support on indices of study effort, there was a reduction to study time which partially mediated the relation between expecting support and memory performance indices, consistent with earlier work using free recall. Individuals did not predict a cost to memory of losing expected support in recognition, contrasting earlier work using free recall.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143075865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multi-tasking costs in triple-task performance despite dual-task preparation. 在双任务准备的情况下，三任务表现中的多任务成本。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01674-w

Maximilian Stefani, Marian Sauter, Wolfgang Mack

{"title":"Multi-tasking costs in triple-task performance despite dual-task preparation.","authors":"Maximilian Stefani, Marian Sauter, Wolfgang Mack","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01674-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-024-01674-w","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores multi-tasking by examining the effects of transitioning from dual-task to triple-task scenarios. Our research extends beyond conventional dual-task paradigms to investigate the impact of triple-task performance on two participant groups: those unprepared in single, dual, or triple tasks (N = 14) and those previously prepared in single and dual tasks (N = 13). The study consisted of a preparation phase with nine sessions and an assessment phase with eight sessions. In the assessment phase, both groups performed single, dual, and triple tasks of varying complexity (simple, medium, and complex). Despite the initial advantage observed in the prepared group, this advantage diminished throughout the sessions. Notably, both groups adopted distinct strategies for processing within the triple task, revealing the influence of task coordination on response times as the task set combinations expanded. The study demonstrates that preparation in the form of pre-training can facilitate applying skills acquired from specific tasks to others, with the formation of specific task pair sets playing a pivotal role in processing and coordination. Despite extensive preparation, the persistence of multi-tasking costs challenges traditional assumptions about eliminating such costs through practice. In conclusion, our research contributes to the current understanding of multi-tasking by highlighting the need for further exploration into inter(sub)task coordination and prioritization in multiple-task scenarios. The study underscores the complexities inherent in managing triple tasks and individuals' potential strategies. The findings suggest that ongoing refinement of cognitive models from dual tasks is necessary to accommodate multi-tasking behaviors in more complex environments.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Practice makes better? The influence of increased practice on task conflict in the Stroop task. 熟能生巧？增加练习对Stroop任务中任务冲突的影响。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-01-25 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01677-7

Jonathan Najenson, Rut Zaks-Ohayon, Joseph Tzelgov, Nir Fresco

{"title":"Practice makes better? The influence of increased practice on task conflict in the Stroop task.","authors":"Jonathan Najenson, Rut Zaks-Ohayon, Joseph Tzelgov, Nir Fresco","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01677-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-024-01677-7","url":null,"abstract":"The Stroop task is widely used to study attentional control and cognitive flexibility. However, questions about its sensitivity to training and the impact of task conflict on attentional control remain open. We investigated the effects of practice and task conflict on attentional control in the Stroop task, with participants completing four sessions of a Stroop task over 3 weeks in low and high task-conflict conditions. Our results show that the level of task conflict had an impact only in the first session, even though participants remained sensitive to task conflict throughout all four sessions. Moreover, we found that practice reduced response times in the Stroop task, for both congruent and incongruent trials. Nevertheless, the interference between congruent and incongruent stimuli remained consistent over the 3-week period, indicating that inter-condition interference is not affected by training. Our study, therefore, suggests that the extent to which the level of task conflict modulates Stroop task performance is only partially sensitive to training. These findings provide further insights into the role of task conflict and practice in attentional control and cognitive flexibility.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143042304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01678-6

René-Pierre Sonier, Dominic Guitard, Emma Melanson, Randall K Jamieson, Jean Saint-Aubin

{"title":"Semantic similarity is not emotional: No effect of similarity defined by valence, arousal, and dominance on short-term ordered recall.","authors":"René-Pierre Sonier, Dominic Guitard, Emma Melanson, Randall K Jamieson, Jean Saint-Aubin","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01678-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-024-01678-6","url":null,"abstract":"In short-term ordered recall tasks, phonological similarity impedes item and order recall, while semantic similarity benefits item recall with a weak or null effect on order recall. Ishiguro and Saito recently suggested that these contradictory findings were due to an inadequate assessment of semantic similarity. They proposed a novel measure of semantic similarity based on the distance between items in a three-dimensional space composed of the semantic dimensions of valence, arousal, and dominance. We conducted an experimental examination of their proposal. In four experiments, participants performed an immediate serial recall or an immediate order reconstruction task. Performance of dissimilar lists was contrasted with performance for semantically similar lists defined by valence, arousal, and dominance or by the typical latent semantic analysis. Two sets of words were used to assess the reproducibility of the findings and similar results were observed with both sets. As expected, when similarity was defined with latent semantic analysis, items were better recalled without noticeable impact on their order. However, contrary to Ishiguro and Saito's predictions, when similarity was defined with valence, arousal and dominance, no effect emerged.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Relational encoding promotes creative insight for problem-solving. 关系编码促进解决问题的创造性洞察力。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-025-01685-1

Kenneth J Kurtz, Leif Haley, Alexus Longo, Shanti Astra, Hannah Meltzer, Gavin Suwara, John D Patterson

引用次数: 0

Reducing cheap talk? How monetary incentives affect the accuracy of metamemory judgments. 减少废话？金钱激励如何影响元记忆判断的准确性。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01679-5

Arndt Bröder, Sofia Navarro-Báez, Monika Undorf

{"title":"Reducing cheap talk? How monetary incentives affect the accuracy of metamemory judgments.","authors":"Arndt Bröder, Sofia Navarro-Báez, Monika Undorf","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01679-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-024-01679-5","url":null,"abstract":"The accuracy of metacognitive judgments is rarely incentivized in experiments; hence, it depends on the participants' willingness to invest cognitive resources and respond truthfully. According to arguments promoted in economic research that performance cannot reach its full potential without proper motivation, metacognitive abilities might therefore have been underestimated. In two experiments (N = 128 and N = 129), we explored the impact of incentives on the accuracy of judgments of learning (JOLs), memory performance, and cue use in free recall of word lists. We introduced a payoff scheme with 5 cents maximum per judgment to promote the accuracy of predicting recall success while simultaneously discouraging strategic responding in the memory test. Incentivizing JOLs had no effect on memory performance. Metacognitive accuracy in terms of resolution (Kruskal's Gamma) was slightly improved in Experiment 1, but not in Experiment 2. On the more negative side, the incentives boosted JOLs indiscriminately, producing substantial overconfidence. A deeper analysis including cues like word concreteness, imagery, arousal, frequency, subjective relevance, and font size showed the usual and simultaneous cue effects on JOLs. However, cue effects were largely unaffected in size by incentivizing JOLs. In summary, incentives for accuracy do not improve the resolution of JOLs to an extent that outweighs the large inflation of overconfidence. Based on the current results, one cannot recommend the future use of incentivized studies in the field of metamemory.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143030185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Short-term pitch memory predicts both incidentally and intentionally acquired absolute pitch categories. 短期音高记忆预测偶然和有意获得的绝对音高类别。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-025-01686-0

Stephen C Van Hedger, Katarina Jovanovic, Andrè Grenier, Sum Yee Hoh

{"title":"Short-term pitch memory predicts both incidentally and intentionally acquired absolute pitch categories.","authors":"Stephen C Van Hedger, Katarina Jovanovic, Andrè Grenier, Sum Yee Hoh","doi":"10.3758/s13421-025-01686-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-025-01686-0","url":null,"abstract":"Tonal short-term memory has been positively associated with both incidentally acquired absolute pitch memory (e.g., for popular songs) and explicitly learned absolute pitch (AP) categories; however, the relationship between these constructs has not been directly tested within the same individuals. The current study investigated how tonal short-term memory relates to both incidentally and intentionally acquired AP. Participants (n = 192) completed a tonal short-term memory task, an incidental AP task, and an AP categorization task. The tonal short-term assessment involved adjusting a starting tone to match a target tone. The incidental AP task involved judging whether excerpts of popular songs were presented in the correct key. The AP categorization task involved associating six pitch chroma categories with arbitrary labels, including a generalization test that used Shepard tones to discourage pitch height cues. We found that all three pitch measures were positively correlated with one another. Critically, however, we found that tonal short-term memory fully mediated the relationship between incidental AP and explicit AP categorization. This finding held even when controlling for musical training and tonal language fluency. Overall, these results suggest that pitch memory is a consistent individual difference measure across different timescales and different measures (e.g., incidental measures, explicit measures). However, tonal short-term memory appears to be foundational to both incidentally acquired and explicitly learned AP categories.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143030187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0