Memory & Cognition最新文献_第9页

The power of one: A single flanker produces compatibility effects in the episodic flanker task. 一个人的力量单个侧位词在偶发侧位词任务中产生相容效应

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01653-1

Gordon D Logan, Dakota R B Lindsey, Jana E Ulrich

{"title":"The power of one: A single flanker produces compatibility effects in the episodic flanker task.","authors":"Gordon D Logan, Dakota R B Lindsey, Jana E Ulrich","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01653-1","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-024-01653-1","url":null,"abstract":"The episodic flanker task is an episodic version of the Eriksen and Eriksen (Perception & Psychophysics, 16 (1), 143-149, 1974) perceptual flanker task, showing the same compatibility and distance effects. Subjects are presented with a list followed by a probe display in which one item is cued. The task, to indicate whether the probed letter appeared in the same position in the memory list, requires focusing attention on a single item in memory. The probe display contains flanking items to be ignored. They are same as the memory list or different. Same flankers are compatible with \"yes\" responses and incompatible with \"no\" responses. Different flankers are incompatible with \"yes\" responses and compatible with \"no\" responses. Previously, we presented multiple flankers in the probe, allowing a global matching strategy. Here, we report two episodic flanker experiments with just one flanker in the probe to encourage focusing sharply on the target. We found flanker compatibility effects in both experiments when a single flanker appeared immediately adjacent to the target. Experiment 2 varied the distance between the flanker and the target in the probe and the memory list and found the compatibility effect in response time only when the flanker was immediately adjacent to the target in both the probe and the memory list. The effect in accuracy also appeared when the flanker was two positions away in both the probe and the memory list. These results show that attention is focused sharply on elements of a memory structure during retrieval, suggesting that memory retrieval is perceptual attention turned inward.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1317-1329"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12307454/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of posttransfer feedback informativeness in a transitive inference task. 传递推理任务中传递后反馈信息的影响。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01654-0

Yarden Joy, Tina Kao, Greg Jensen

引用次数: 0

Estimation of factorial expressions and its improvement through calibration: A replication and extension of Tversky and Kahneman (1973). 因子表达式的估计及其通过校准的改进：Tversky和Kahneman（1973）的复制和扩展。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01662-0

Jeffrey Kramer Bye, Vijay Marupudi, Reba Koenen, Jimin Park, Sashank Varma

{"title":"Estimation of factorial expressions and its improvement through calibration: A replication and extension of Tversky and Kahneman (1973).","authors":"Jeffrey Kramer Bye, Vijay Marupudi, Reba Koenen, Jimin Park, Sashank Varma","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01662-0","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-024-01662-0","url":null,"abstract":"Fifty years ago, Tversky and Kahneman (Cognitive Psychology, 5[2], 207-232, 1973) reported that people's speeded estimations of 8 × 7 × 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 were notably higher than their estimations for the equivalent expression in the opposite order, 1 × 2 × 3 × 4 × 5 × 6 × 7 × 8 (Median = 2,250 vs. 512, respectively). On top of this order effect, both groups grossly underestimated the correct value (40,320). The differential effect of the two orders on estimation has become famous as an early demonstration of the anchoring effect, where people's judgments under uncertainty are unduly influenced by an initial reference point (or \"anchor\"). Despite this fame, to the best of our knowledge, this effect has never been replicated. In a sample of 253 U.S. adults, the current study provides the first replication of this foundational example of anchoring. It extends this effect for the first time to a within-participants design, revealing its relative robustness even among participants who see the descending order first. Drawing on procedures from the mathematical cognition literature, it shows how the anchoring effect can be mitigated: calibrating to the correct value of 6! reduces this effect, and calibrating to 10! eliminates it altogether. An individual differences analysis measures the arithmetic fluency of participants and their accuracy on a new estimation assessment, and finds that higher estimation ability may be a \"protective factor\" against some anchoring effects. These findings affirm the anchoring effect of Tversky and Kahneman (1973, Study 6) while suggesting that calibration may be an effective strategy for helping to improve people's estimation of superlinear functions that are important in real-life contexts.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1449-1465"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Change detection and repetition detection reflect functionally distinct forms of visual working memory. 变化检测和重复检测反映了视觉工作记忆在功能上的不同形式。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-06-24 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-025-01749-2

Stephanie Norris, Andrew P Yonelinas

{"title":"Change detection and repetition detection reflect functionally distinct forms of visual working memory.","authors":"Stephanie Norris, Andrew P Yonelinas","doi":"10.3758/s13421-025-01749-2","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-025-01749-2","url":null,"abstract":"To examine the roles of change detection and repetition detection in visual working memory, we analyzed three working memory tests expected to rely differentially on these processes. Subjects studied an array of colored squares and then completed three tests. In the complex-probe test, subjects indicated whether a test array matched the study array or if an item's color changed. In the single-probe test, they judged whether a single item's color matched the study color, and in the item recognition test, they identified whether a centrally presented color was studied. We collected same/different confidence responses and analyzed receiver operating characteristics (ROCs) to evaluate memory strength distributions for changed and repeated trials, using a mixture signal detection model to estimate each process. As expected, the complex-probe test showed more high-confidence memory for changed trials, while the item recognition test showed more high-confidence memory for repetitions. The single-probe test showed similar or lower-confidence memory for both trials. Moreover, model estimates indicated that the probability of recollecting a change was higher in the complex-probe than in the item recognition tests, and the probability of recollecting a repetition was higher in the item recognition than the complex-probe tests. The single-probe test showed moderate recollection for both. These results show that change detection and repetition detection are functionally dissociable, with test-type affecting their contributions to working memory. These findings have implications for studying populations, such as aging, that may exhibit impairments in one or the other and raise the question of whether different neural systems underlie these processes.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12321045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144486638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A drift-diffusion decomposition of conditions that influence shallow ("good enough") processing of heard sentences. 影响听到的句子的浅层（“足够好”）处理的条件的漂移-扩散分解。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-06-23 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-025-01748-3

Ryan M O'Leary, Natalie Omori-Hoffe, Griffin Dugan, Arthur Wingfield

{"title":"A drift-diffusion decomposition of conditions that influence shallow (\"good enough\") processing of heard sentences.","authors":"Ryan M O'Leary, Natalie Omori-Hoffe, Griffin Dugan, Arthur Wingfield","doi":"10.3758/s13421-025-01748-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-025-01748-3","url":null,"abstract":"Although listeners may have the competence to engage in a word-by-word analysis to build a syntactic representation of a heard sentence, in everyday conversation, listeners may, almost by necessity, process the sentence only to a shallow or \"good enough\" level to derive its meaning. The possibility has been raised that processing schemata may be flexible, such that under some circumstances, comprehension decisions are more likely to be based on an incomplete analysis. We report two experiments in which adult participants were tested on their ability to determine the meaning of auditorily presented plausible or implausible sentences. In both experiments, participants were given two different orienting instructions while completing the listening task (instructions that emphasized either the speed or accuracy of the comprehension decision). In Experiment 1, we also manipulated spectral clarity such that speech was either heard clearly or degraded in spectral richness. A unique use of hierarchical drift-diffusion modeling was employed to probe latent decision-making processes that influenced the participants' comprehension decision. Results indicate that orienting instructions that emphasize speed and perceptual challenge both increase the likelihood that the assumed meaning of implausible sentences will be based on plausibility. Drift-diffusion modeling revealed a dissociation where orienting instructions selectively influenced the amount of evidence required for the participant to make a comprehension decision while sentence plausibility selectively influenced the rate of evidence accumulation. These drift-diffusion model findings were replicated in Experiment 2. Results suggest that comprehension processes are highly flexible and can be characterized in terms of underlying decision-making mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144477361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of compatibility in long-term action-effect binding and effect memory. 相容性在长期作用-效应结合和效应记忆中的作用。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-025-01741-w

Marcel R Schreiner, Viola Mocke, Wilfried Kunde

{"title":"The role of compatibility in long-term action-effect binding and effect memory.","authors":"Marcel R Schreiner, Viola Mocke, Wilfried Kunde","doi":"10.3758/s13421-025-01741-w","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-025-01741-w","url":null,"abstract":"Through interactions with our environment, we cause perceivable effects. In four experiments, we investigated long-term bindings between action and effect features in action-effect episodes, and how they are influenced by action-effect compatibility (AEC). In addition, we asked whether AEC facilitates memory for effects. In a prime phase, participants performed actions that resulted in an effect that comprised two features, namely a spatial feature (a linear movement or rotation of a box in a certain direction) and a certain identity of a word presented in that box. The effect movement or rotation was either spatially compatible or incompatible (or neutral, in Experiment 3) to the action. In a subsequent probe phase, we assessed whether participants were inclined to repeat the action when re-presented with the effect word. Memory for effect words was also tested. Results showed a higher propensity to repeat an action in Experiments 1-3, but not when the influence of spatial effect features was reduced (Experiment 4). Participants further tended to retrieve the spatial effect location in the neutral condition to a similar extent to in the compatible and incompatible condition in Experiment 3. These findings suggest long-term feature bindings after one-shot learning of action-effect episodes, although primarily due to bindings between different effect features rather than between action and effect features. AEC facilitated memory for effect words in a free recall test (Experiment 1) given repeated presentation of the effect word, but not in a recognition test (Experiments 2-4). Theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144337159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of working memory overload on emotional processing and recognition memory: An fNIRS study. 工作记忆负荷对情绪加工和识别记忆的影响：一项近红外光谱研究。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-025-01746-5

Cristina Moya, Nieves Fuentes-Sánchez, Ma Cruz Martínez-Sáez, Laura Ros, José M Latorre

{"title":"Influence of working memory overload on emotional processing and recognition memory: An fNIRS study.","authors":"Cristina Moya, Nieves Fuentes-Sánchez, Ma Cruz Martínez-Sáez, Laura Ros, José M Latorre","doi":"10.3758/s13421-025-01746-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-025-01746-5","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of working memory overload on emotional processing and recognition memory. Firstly, to study emotional processing, subjective and fNIRS correlates were measured while inducing emotions using affective pictures presented for 6 s. A recognition memory task was then administered, in which participants were required to indicate whether each affective stimulus was new or had previously been used in the passive viewing task. A sample of 70 healthy volunteers (44 women) were divided into an experimental group in which working memory was overloaded during the emotion induction procedure, and a control group in which working memory was not overloaded. Regarding the effect of working memory overload on emotional processing, the results showed that the experimental group rated negative stimuli as less unpleasant. Additionally, this group presented higher fNIRS activations in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), particularly to high arousal stimuli. Meanwhile, the findings revealed better recognition for negative and high arousal stimuli in the experimental group. Overall, our findings provide further evidence on the modulation of emotional processing and recognition memory as a function of working memory overload, while highlighting the importance of the DLPFC in emotion processing and cognitive load management.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144327212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

"Questioning" the truth effect: Processing information in interrogative form reduces (but does not cancel) repetition-induced truth. “质疑”真相效应：以疑问形式处理信息减少（但不消除）重复诱发的真相。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-025-01742-9

Simone Mattavelli, Claudia Bianchi, Matteo Motterlini

{"title":"\"Questioning\" the truth effect: Processing information in interrogative form reduces (but does not cancel) repetition-induced truth.","authors":"Simone Mattavelli, Claudia Bianchi, Matteo Motterlini","doi":"10.3758/s13421-025-01742-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-025-01742-9","url":null,"abstract":"People attribute higher truth to information they have previously been exposed to. This \"truth effect\" is resistant to many interventions aimed to reduce it. In three preregistered experiments, we explored whether processing largely unknown information in the form of questions could counteract repetition-induced truth. In Experiment 1 (N = 100), participants judged the truth of repeated and unrepeated sentences. Half of the participants processed sentences in declarative form and the other half processed them in interrogative form during exposure and judgment. A significant interaction between sentence repetition and sentence form emerged, with a significant truth effect in the declarative condition but not in the interrogative. Experiment 2 (N = 325) introduced an additional interrogative condition presenting sentences as questions only during the exposure phase. Compared with the declarative condition, the truth effect was greatly reduced, but still significant, in both interrogative conditions. Experiment 3 (N = 235) employed a within-participant design to manipulate both repetition and sentence form. We confirmed that the truth effect was substantially reduced for interrogative sentences. Additionally, repetition had a smaller effect on certainty about truth judgments for interrogative compared with declarative sentences. We discuss how these findings inform theoretical accounts of the truth effect and their implications for debiasing strategies.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144327211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Autobiographical memories prime semantic memories on conceptual implicit memory tasks. 自传体记忆在概念内隐记忆任务中启动语义记忆。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-06-17 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-025-01747-4

John H Mace, Hope E Aaron

{"title":"Autobiographical memories prime semantic memories on conceptual implicit memory tasks.","authors":"John H Mace, Hope E Aaron","doi":"10.3758/s13421-025-01747-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-025-01747-4","url":null,"abstract":"Research has shown that the activation of semantic memories leads to the activation of autobiographical memories. Known as semantic-to-autobiographical memory priming, it has been argued that this form of priming reflects the functional role that autobiographical memory has in semantic processing. It has also been argued that if this proposition is true, one should see the reverse form of priming, autobiographical-to-semantic memory priming. We tested this hypothesis in the current study by examining the priming effects of autobiographical memory retrieval on two conceptual priming tasks, category exemplar generation and word association. In two experiments, participants recalled autobiographical memories in response to cue words (e.g., beach, cat, strawberry, etc.), and they were subsequently given a category exemplar-generation task (Experiment 1) or a word-association task (Experiment 2). The results of both experiments showed that autobiographical memory retrieval led to significant priming on the conceptual tasks (relative to control conditions), and priming following autobiographical memory retrieval was as strong as priming following semantic processing (i.e., word familiarity judgments). The results support the notion of autobiographical-to-semantic memory priming, and taken with the results of semantic-to-autobiographical memory priming observed in other studies, they also show that priming between autobiographical memory and semantic memory is bidirectional. The results also support the idea that autobiographical memories have a functional role in semantic processing.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Language and the algebraic mind. 语言和代数思维。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-025-01738-5

Jike Qin, John E Opfer

引用次数: 0