Memory & Cognition最新文献_第8页

Does value-based prioritization at working memory enhance long-term memory? 工作记忆中基于价值的优先排序是否能增强长时记忆？

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01532-9

A L Atkinson, A H Waterman, R J Allen

{"title":"Does value-based prioritization at working memory enhance long-term memory?","authors":"A L Atkinson, A H Waterman, R J Allen","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01532-9","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-024-01532-9","url":null,"abstract":"Research has demonstrated that individuals can direct their attention to valuable information in both working memory and long-term memory tasks with observable effects on performance. However, it is currently unclear whether prioritising an item for a working memory task automatically translates into a boost at long-term memory. This was examined in two experiments using relatively short (250 ms per item; Experiment 1) and longer (500 ms per item; Experiment 2) encoding times. Participants first completed a visual working memory task, in which they were presented with series of photographs of everyday objects. Following a brief delay (1,000 ms), they completed a four-alternative forced-choice test. Prior to encoding, participants were informed of the point values associated with each item. In some trials, the first item in the sequence was worth more points than the rest. In other trials, all items were equally valuable. After a filled delay, participants completed a surprise long-term memory task. At working memory, a value effect was reliably observed on recognition accuracy, along with some evidence of faster response times for high-value items. However, there was little consistent evidence of this effect automatically persisting into long-term memory. Thus, the benefits of attentional prioritization in working memory do not always translate into longer-term performance. More broadly, this provides further evidence that manipulations that enhance working memory performance do not necessarily enhance long-term memory.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1983-1998"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11588910/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139913776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reduced benefit from long-term item frequency contributes to short-term memory deficits in dyslexia. 从长期项目频率中获益的减少导致了阅读障碍患者的短期记忆缺陷。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01601-z

Eva Kimel, Luba Daikhin, Hilla Jakoby, Merav Ahissar

{"title":"Reduced benefit from long-term item frequency contributes to short-term memory deficits in dyslexia.","authors":"Eva Kimel, Luba Daikhin, Hilla Jakoby, Merav Ahissar","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01601-z","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-024-01601-z","url":null,"abstract":"Dyslexia, a specific difficulty in acquiring proficient reading, is also characterized by reduced short-term memory (STM) capacity. Extensive research indicates that individuals with developmental dyslexia (IDDs) benefit less from exposure, and this hampers their long-term knowledge accumulation. It is well established that long-term knowledge has a great effect on performance in STM tasks, and thus IDDs' reduced benefit of exposure could potentially reduce their relative performance in such tasks, especially when frequent items, such as digit-words, are used. In this study we used a standard, widely used, STM assessment: the Digit Span subtest from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. The task was conducted twice: in native language and in second language. As exposure to native language is greater than exposure to second language, we predicted that IDDs' performance in the task administered in native language will reveal a larger group difference as compared to second language, due to IDDs' reduced benefit of item frequency. The prediction was confirmed, in line with the hypothesis that reduced STM in dyslexia to a large extent reflects reduced benefits from long-term item frequency and not a reduced STM per se.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1928-1940"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11588939/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141493969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Proactive interference of visual working memory chunks implicates long-term memory. 视觉工作记忆块的主动干扰牵涉到长时记忆。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01585-w

Logan Doyle, Susanne Ferber, Katherine D Duncan

{"title":"Proactive interference of visual working memory chunks implicates long-term memory.","authors":"Logan Doyle, Susanne Ferber, Katherine D Duncan","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01585-w","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-024-01585-w","url":null,"abstract":"Visual working memory (VWM) is a limited cognitive resource that can be functionally expanded through chunking (Miller, 1956). For example, participants can hold an increasing number of colours in mind as they learn to chunk reliably paired combinations (Brady et al., 2009). We investigated whether this benefit is mediated through the in situ compression of VWM representations (Brady et al., 2009) or the offloading of chunks to long-term memory (LTM; Huang & Awh, 2018; Ngiam et al., 2019) by asking if a vulnerability of LTM - proactive interference - influences VWM performance. We adapted previous designs using deterministic (Experiment 1, N = 60) and probabilistic pairings (Experiments 2 and 3, N = 64 and 80, respectively), to include colour pairings that swapped in sequence along with pairings that were consistent in sequence. Generally, participants reported colours from consistent pairs more accurately than from swapping pairs, which we designed to drive interference in LTM (Experiments 1 and 2). The error profiles also pointed to proactive interference between swapping pairs in all three experiments. Moreover, participants who had explicit awareness of frequent colour pairings had higher VWM accuracy, and their errors reflected more proactive interference than their unaware counterparts (Experiment 3). This pattern of long-term proactive interference in a VWM task lends support for accounts of VWM chunking that propose LTM offloading.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"2092-2106"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140960177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recognition memory decisions made with short- and long-term retrieval. 通过短期和长期检索做出识别记忆决定。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01518-7

Shuchun Lea Lai, Rui Cao, Richard M Shiffrin

{"title":"Recognition memory decisions made with short- and long-term retrieval.","authors":"Shuchun Lea Lai, Rui Cao, Richard M Shiffrin","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01518-7","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-024-01518-7","url":null,"abstract":"In the present research, we produce a coherent account of the storage and retrieval processes in short- and long-term event memory, and long-term knowledge, that produce response accuracy and response time in a wide variety of conditions in our studies of recognition memory. Two to nine pictures are studied sequentially followed by a target or foil test picture in four conditions used in Nosofsky et al. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 47, 316-342, (2021) and in our new paradigm: VM: target and foil responses to a given stimulus change from trial to trial; CM: the responses do not change from trial to trial; AN: every trial uses new stimuli; MIXED: combinations of VM, CN, and AN occur on each trial. In the new paradigm a given picture is equally often tested as old or new, but only in CM is the response key the same and learnable. Our model has components that have appeared in a variety of prior accounts, including learning and familiarity, but are given support by our demonstration that accuracy and response time data from a large variety of conditions can be predicted by these processes acting together, with parameter values that largely are unchanged. A longer version of this article, containing information not found here due to space, is available online https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/h8msp .The avalibility of the data (supplement materials), info and link is attached at the end section ( https://psyarxiv.com/h8msp .).","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"2132-2155"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139742384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does the extension of free time trigger spontaneous elaborative strategies in working memory? 自由时间的延长会触发工作记忆中的自发阐述策略吗？

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01615-7

Inès Leproult, Benoît Lemaire, Sophie Portrat

{"title":"Does the extension of free time trigger spontaneous elaborative strategies in working memory?","authors":"Inès Leproult, Benoît Lemaire, Sophie Portrat","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01615-7","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-024-01615-7","url":null,"abstract":"Elaboration has emerged as a potential maintenance mechanism involved in the substantial contribution of long-term memory (LTM) to working memory (WM) performance. The objective of the current study was to determine whether elaborative strategies could be spontaneously implemented under favorable conditions. Across four experiments, the distribution of free-time periods was manipulated in a complex span task, while keeping the total amount of free time and cognitive load constant. As elaboration requires time to be set up, Experiment 1 elicited better WM performance in a condition with fewer long free-time periods compared to a condition with many short free-time periods. However, because this benefit did not persist during delayed recall, the following experiments aimed to further investigate this effect by manipulating factors supposed to modulate elaboration. In Experiment 2, half of the participants received no specific instructions regarding strategies whereas the other half were encouraged to use elaborative strategies. In Experiment 3, the to-be-maintained stimuli did or did not have LTM representations that are essential for elaboration (i.e., words or pseudowords). Finally, the last experiment used a self-strategy report to better understand the nature of the WM maintenance strategies spontaneously employed by participants. Despite a consistent effect of free time manipulation on WM recall, the explanatory assumption of elaboration was challenged by the unexpected lack of effect on LTM recall and on the type of strategy reported. Alternative explanations stemming from well-known factors influencing WM performance are discussed, and emphasis is placed on the potential contribution of direct semantic maintenance in WM.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"2022-2052"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141917862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Active maintenance in working memory reinforces bindings for future retrieval from episodic long-term memory. 工作记忆中的主动保持强化了未来从外显长期记忆中检索的绑定。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01596-7

Vanessa M Loaiza, Alessandra S Souza

{"title":"Active maintenance in working memory reinforces bindings for future retrieval from episodic long-term memory.","authors":"Vanessa M Loaiza, Alessandra S Souza","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01596-7","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-024-01596-7","url":null,"abstract":"Many theories assume that actively maintaining information in working memory (WM) predicts its retention in episodic long-term memory (LTM), as revealed by the beneficial effects of more WM time. In four experiments, we examined whether affording more time for intentional WM maintenance does indeed drive LTM. Sequences of four words were presented during trials of simple span (short time), slow span (long time), and complex span (long time with distraction; Experiments 1-2). Long time intervals entailed a pause of equivalent duration between the words that presented a blank screen (slow span) or an arithmetic problem to read aloud and solve (complex span). In Experiments 1-3, participants either serially recalled the words (intentional encoding) or completed a no-recall task (incidental encoding). In Experiment 4, all participants were instructed to intentionally encode the words, with the trials randomly ending in the serial-recall or no-recall task. To ensure similar processing of the words between encoding groups, participants silently decided whether each word was a living or nonliving thing via key press (i.e., an animacy judgment; Experiments 1 and 3-4) or read the words aloud and then pressed the space bar (Experiment 2). A surprise delayed memory test at the end of the experiment assessed LTM. Applying Bayesian cognitive models to disambiguate binding and item memory revealed consistent benefits of free time to binding memory that were specific to intentional encoding in WM. This suggests that time spent intentionally keeping information in WM is special for LTM because WM is a system that maintains bindings.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1999-2021"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11588845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141538705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Semantic meaning enhances feature-binding but not quantity or precision of locations in visual working memory. 语义能增强视觉工作记忆中的特征结合，但不能增强位置的数量或精确度。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01611-x

Tomer Sahar, Nurit Gronau, Tal Makovski

{"title":"Semantic meaning enhances feature-binding but not quantity or precision of locations in visual working memory.","authors":"Tomer Sahar, Nurit Gronau, Tal Makovski","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01611-x","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-024-01611-x","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies showed that real-world items are better remembered in visual working memory (VWM) than visually similar stimuli that are stripped of their semantic meaning. However, the exact nature of this advantage remains unclear. We used meaningful and meaningless stimuli in a location-reproduction VWM task. Employing a mixture-modeling analysis, we examined whether semantic meaning enables more item locations to be remembered, whether it improves the precision of the locations stored in memory, or whether it improves binding between the specific items and their locations. Participants were presented with streams of four (Experiments 1 & 2) or six (Experiment 3) real-world items, or their scrambled, meaningless counterparts. Each item was presented at a unique location, and the task was to reproduce one item's location. Overall, location memory was consistently better for real-world items compared with their scrambled counterparts. Furthermore, the results revealed that participants were less likely to make swap errors for the meaningful items, but there was no effect of conceptual meaning on the guess rate or the precision of the report. In line with previous findings, these results indicate that conceptual meaning enhances VWM for arbitrary stimulus properties such as item location, and this improvement is primarily due to a more efficient identity-location binding rather than an increase in the quantity or quality (precision) of the locations held in memory.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"2107-2118"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11588879/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141856761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neighborhood frequency effects in simple and complex span: Do high-frequency neighbors help or hurt? 简单和复杂跨度中的邻频效应：高频邻近地区是有帮助还是有害？

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01658-w

Molly B MacMillan, Ian Neath, Steven Roodenrys

{"title":"Neighborhood frequency effects in simple and complex span: Do high-frequency neighbors help or hurt?","authors":"Molly B MacMillan, Ian Neath, Steven Roodenrys","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01658-w","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-024-01658-w","url":null,"abstract":"A word's orthographic neighborhood is the set of words that differ from the target word by one letter. Both Roodenrys (2009) and Robert et al. (Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 44, 119-125, 2015) posit that orthographic neighbors are activated when the target word is encountered in tasks such as simple and complex span. The two accounts differ in that the former predicts a beneficial effect of this activation, because it produces feedback activation that helps redintegrate the target word, whereas the latter predicts a detrimental effect, because the need to overcome the greater interference from the larger number of higher-frequency items reduces the processing resources available. Four experiments assess the predictions of these two accounts. Experiments 1 and 2 found a beneficial effect of having a higher- compared with a lower-frequency neighborhood in both a simple and a complex span task. Experiments 3 and 4 found no detrimental effect of having one or more neighbors with higher frequency than the target in both a simple and complex span task. Implications for the two theories are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1871-1881"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11588882/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Delayed memory for complex visual stimuli does not benefit from distraction during encoding. 复杂视觉刺激的延迟记忆不会受益于编码过程中的分心。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-023-01471-x

Lea M Bartsch, Philipp Musfeld

{"title":"Delayed memory for complex visual stimuli does not benefit from distraction during encoding.","authors":"Lea M Bartsch, Philipp Musfeld","doi":"10.3758/s13421-023-01471-x","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-023-01471-x","url":null,"abstract":"The covert retrieval model (McCabe, Journal of Memory and Language 58(2), 480-494, 2008) postulates that delayed memory performance is enhanced when the encoding of memoranda in working memory (WM) is interrupted by distraction. When subjects are asked to remember stimuli for an immediate memory test, they usually remember them better when the items are presented without distraction, compared to a condition in which a distraction occurs following each item. In a delayed memory test, this effect has been shown to be reversed: Memory performance is better for items followed by distraction than without. Yet, this so-called McCabe effect has not been consistently replicated in the past. In an extensive replication attempt of a previous study showing the effect for complex visual stimuli, we investigated five potential boundary conditions of the predictions of the covert retrieval model: (1) Type of Stimuli (doors vs. faces), (2) type of distractor (pictures vs. math equations), (3) expectation about task difficulty (mixed vs. blocked lists), (4) memory load in WM (small vs. large), and (5) expectation about the long-term memory (LTM) test (intentional vs. incidental encoding). Across four experiments we failed to replicate the original findings and show that delayed memory for faces and other complex visual stimuli does not benefit from covert retrieval during encoding - as suggested as being induced by distractors. Our results indicate that the transfer of information from WM to LTM does not seem to be influenced by covert retrieval processes, but rather that a fixed proportion of information is laid down as a more permanent trace.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1833-1851"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11588953/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41154351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Working memory limitations constrain visual episodic long-term memory at both specific and gist levels of representation. 工作记忆的局限性制约了视觉外显长期记忆在具体表征和要点表征两个层面上的发展。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01593-w

Nathaniel R Greene, Dominic Guitard, Alicia Forsberg, Nelson Cowan, Moshe Naveh-Benjamin

{"title":"Working memory limitations constrain visual episodic long-term memory at both specific and gist levels of representation.","authors":"Nathaniel R Greene, Dominic Guitard, Alicia Forsberg, Nelson Cowan, Moshe Naveh-Benjamin","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01593-w","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-024-01593-w","url":null,"abstract":"Limitations in one's capacity to encode information in working memory (WM) constrain later access to that information in long-term memory (LTM). The present study examined whether these WM constraints on episodic LTM are limited to specific representations of past episodes or also extend to gist representations. Across three experiments, young adult participants (n = 40 per experiment) studied objects in set sizes of two or six items, either sequentially (Experiments 1a and 1b) or simultaneously (Experiment 2). They then completed old/new recognition tests immediately after each sequence (WM tests). After a long study phase, participants completed LTM conjoint recognition tests, featuring old but untested items from the WM phase, lures that were similar to studied items at gist but not specific levels of representation, and new items unrelated to studied items at both specific and gist levels of representation. Results showed that LTM estimates of specific and gist memory representations from a multinomial-processing-tree model were reduced for items encoded under supra-capacity set sizes (six items) relative to within-capacity set sizes (two items). These results suggest that WM encoding capacity limitations constrain episodic LTM at both specific and gist levels of representation, at least for visual objects. The ability to retrieve from LTM each type of representation for a visual item is contingent on the degree to which the item could be encoded in WM.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1958-1982"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141263141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0