Memory & Cognition最新文献_第7页

Does the sandwich priming procedure enhance masked semantic priming effects? 三明治启动过程是否增强了隐性语义启动效应？

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2026-07-29 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-026-01922-1

Stephen J Lupker, Giacomo Spinelli

{"title":"Does the sandwich priming procedure enhance masked semantic priming effects?","authors":"Stephen J Lupker, Giacomo Spinelli","doi":"10.3758/s13421-026-01922-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-026-01922-1","url":null,"abstract":"The sandwich priming paradigm, involving presenting the target as the initial prime in a masked priming sequence (e.g., white-whete-WHITE), has been shown to increase the size of masked orthographic priming effects. It also appears to increase the size of masked morphological priming effects (e.g., walk-walker-WALK > walker-WALK), although not pseudo-morphological priming effects (e.g., corn-corner-CORN = corner-CORN) (Lupker & Spinelli, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 49 (11), 1861-1880, 2023). The empirical question addressed in the present research was whether masked semantic priming effects (e.g., black-WHITE) would also increase when using sandwich priming (e.g., white-black-WHITE). Such a result could imply that semantic and orthographic priming have similar sources as well as that Lupker and Spinelli's presumed increase in morphological priming may have been due to the prime (e.g., walker) and target (e.g., WALK) being semantically related. The results of two experiments, one using conventional masked priming and one using sandwich priming, clearly indicated that sandwich priming does not increase the size of masked semantic priming effects, consistent with the idea that the presumed impact of sandwich priming on morphological priming effects is truly a morphologically based phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148622081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhanced near‑foveal sensitivity in older Chinese readers: Evidence from the moving-window paradigm. 老年中国读者近中央凹敏感度增强：来自移动窗口范式的证据。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2026-07-22 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-026-01919-w

Yiu-Kei Tsang, Ming Yan

{"title":"Enhanced near‑foveal sensitivity in older Chinese readers: Evidence from the moving-window paradigm.","authors":"Yiu-Kei Tsang, Ming Yan","doi":"10.3758/s13421-026-01919-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-026-01919-w","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated how aging affects the perceptual span, the spatial limit of visual processing, in traditional Chinese with the gaze-contingent moving-window paradigm. The viewing was either unrestricted or involved varying window sizes where a constant one-character left window was paired with a manipulated right window that revealed two, three, or four upcoming characters. Older readers had slower reading speed, although they did not differ from young readers in gaze durations. In addition, while reading performance was statistically comparable between the four-character window and full-line conditions in both groups, the two groups differed in their reliance on near- and far-foveal information. In particular, there was a larger boost in reading performance for the older readers than for the young readers when the window increased from two to three upcoming characters. In contrast, the young readers exhibited a larger gain than the older readers when the window included the fourth upcoming characters. Together, older Chinese readers appear to be more sensitive to information within three upcoming characters, but were less so to further ones. These findings highlight the interplay between script characteristics and cognitive aging in reading and constrain the range of parameters in developmentally valid computational models of eye-movement control in reading.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148550967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Working memory strategies in children aged 7-10 years. 7-10岁儿童的工作记忆策略。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2026-07-17 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-026-01916-z

Caitlin Hrysanidis, Regine Cassandra Lau, Peter J Anderson, Linda Ramirez Herrera, Susan Gathercole, Joshua F Wiley, Megan Spencer-Smith

{"title":"Working memory strategies in children aged 7-10 years.","authors":"Caitlin Hrysanidis, Regine Cassandra Lau, Peter J Anderson, Linda Ramirez Herrera, Susan Gathercole, Joshua F Wiley, Megan Spencer-Smith","doi":"10.3758/s13421-026-01916-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-026-01916-z","url":null,"abstract":"While working memory strategies are well documented in adults, little is known about the use and effectiveness of these strategies in children. This study examined self-reported strategy use in children aged 7-10 years on working memory tasks, including those with demands related to everyday and classroom activities. Participants were a subset of 63 children from a working memory training trial in primary school-aged children that found no intervention effects up to 6 months post intervention. At the immediate post-intervention follow-up, children completed five working memory tasks: two backward span tasks (letters and digits), two following instructions tasks (letters and objects), and one n-back task (objects). Children then participated in a semi-structured one-on-one interview about the strategies they used on each task. Strategy use was prevalent across all working memory tasks and was generally associated with superior performance. A range of task-general and task-specific strategies were reported. Participants tended to rely on a single rather than multiple strategies, and more often favored a manipulation rather than maintenance strategy type. While certain strategies, the number of strategies used, and strategy type were linked to superior performance on select working memory tasks, the associations were not consistent across all tasks. These results show that strategic behavior during middle childhood, as in adults, is linked to performance on working memory tasks related to everyday and classroom activities.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148473636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Boosting hypermnesia with a cued-recall test format. 用提示回忆测试形式促进记忆亢进。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2026-07-16 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-026-01910-5

Marilena L Hirsch, Oliver Kliegl, Karl-Heinz T Bäuml

{"title":"Boosting hypermnesia with a cued-recall test format.","authors":"Marilena L Hirsch, Oliver Kliegl, Karl-Heinz T Bäuml","doi":"10.3758/s13421-026-01910-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-026-01910-5","url":null,"abstract":"Recall performance of studied material typically increases across successive recall cycles, even in the absence of any corrective feedback. Prior research on this hypermnesia effect has predominantly employed free recall as the test format and has generally reported effects of moderate magnitude. Building on a recent incidental observation from a different experimental task, the present study examined whether an initial-letter cued recall (ILCR) format can amplify hypermnesia effects relative to a free-recall format. Across four experiments, participants repeatedly recalled previously studied item lists across three consecutive recall cycles. In Experiments 1-3, the test format involved either free recall (Experiments 2b and 3) or ILCR with a prescribed output order and a 6-s time limit per item (Experiments 1, 2a, and 3). Results showed larger hypermnesia effects in ILCR than in free recall, irrespective of whether words or images with their verbal labels served as study material and whether a 0-min delay or prolonged delays (30 min, 24 h) between study and test were applied. With both test formats, hypermnesia increased with delay. Experiment 4 showed that the results of Experiments 1-3 are critically tied to the constrained ILCR format and do not generalize to an ILCR condition in which all cues are presented simultaneously and participants are free to provide their responses in any order. Results align well with an interpretation based on both the changes in cue set account of hypermnesia and the retrieval practice hypothesis, suggesting a link between hypermnesia and the testing effect.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148473589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The benefit of simultaneous versus sequential presentation of memoranda in working memory: It depends on the stimuli. 在工作记忆中，备忘录同时呈现与顺序呈现的好处：取决于刺激物。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2026-07-15 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-026-01917-y

Laura Ordonez Magro, Jonathan Grainger, Steve Majerus

{"title":"The benefit of simultaneous versus sequential presentation of memoranda in working memory: It depends on the stimuli.","authors":"Laura Ordonez Magro, Jonathan Grainger, Steve Majerus","doi":"10.3758/s13421-026-01917-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-026-01917-y","url":null,"abstract":"A relatively large body of research in the working memory (WM) domain has reported a benefit of simultaneous over sequential presentation of memoranda, but this advantage may depend on several factors. Research in visual WM suggests that the advantage of simultaneous over sequential presentation depends on stimulus properties, with simultaneous presentation benefiting simple stimuli and sequential presentation benefiting more meaningful stimuli. The reading literature, on the other hand, suggests that digits may also have a simultaneous presentation advantage, and this particularly when detailed serial order processing is required. The present study examined these assumptions by contrasting simultaneous versus sequential encoding in WM for letter versus digit sequences, and by contrasting item versus serial order WM requirements. In Experiment 1, using an immediate serial recall task, recall performance was higher for simultaneously presented material than sequentially presented material, and higher for digits than for letters. In Experiment 2, a simultaneous encoding advantage and a digit advantage were also observed, as well as a simultaneous presentation advantage that was stronger for digits than for letters. In Experiment 3, the simultaneous and digit advantages remained present when controlling for spatial cues, but their interaction was not supported. These findings indicate that the simultaneous encoding advantage is not reliably modulated by stimulus meaning or by task condition in the verbal WM domain, contrary to predictions derived from the visual WM literature and the reading literature. Taken together, these findings highlight the importance of carefully considering both presentation mode and stimulus type when designing verbal WM tasks and interpreting differences in WM performance across studies.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148457370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Extracting prototypes from lexical feature norms for settlement concepts. 从聚落概念的词汇特征规范中提取原型。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2026-07-14 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-026-01915-0

Chelsea-Leigh M McKenzie, John Paul Minda

引用次数: 0

The lifetime of sequential memory traces. 顺序内存跟踪的生存期。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2026-07-08 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-026-01894-2

Leonardo Pinto Arata, Carlos Ramisch, Arnaud Rey

引用次数: 0

The properties of personal semantics. 个人语义学的性质。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2026-07-04 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-026-01895-1

Annick F N Tanguay, Kim Thériault, Sharice Clough, Vanessa Taler, Louis Renoult, Patrick S R Davidson

{"title":"The properties of personal semantics.","authors":"Annick F N Tanguay, Kim Thériault, Sharice Clough, Vanessa Taler, Louis Renoult, Patrick S R Davidson","doi":"10.3758/s13421-026-01895-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-026-01895-1","url":null,"abstract":"Recent cognitive neuroscience research has uncovered some similarities and some differences between general semantic memory (GS; e.g., knowledge about family in general) and personal semantic memory (PS; e.g., knowledge about my family in particular). To better understand the representational content and cognitive processes of PS and their relation to general semantics, we adapted a staple of General semantic memory research, the Property Generation task. In a first study, we randomly assigned 240 adult participants to a traditional General semantics perspective (e.g., listing the properties of families and bedrooms in general) or to a PS perspective (e.g., my family, my bedroom) in a between-subjects design. In a second, replication study, 124 participants completed the task in a within-subject design, taking each perspective for different concepts. Relative to the General semantics condition, the PS condition was associated with more features; these were more semantically distant from each other, and included adjectives more frequently and nouns less frequently. However, the two conditions had substantial (~46%) overlap in the frequency of their features. The findings contribute to the identification of the cognitive differences (e.g., semantic richness) and similarities (e.g., correspondence in semantic features) between personal and general semantic memory.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148388319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Music enhances associative generalization: Evidence from a memory integration task. 音乐增强联想概括：来自记忆整合任务的证据。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2026-07-02 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-026-01914-1

Yiren Ren, Shailey Desai, Zahra Nurbhai, Annie Peng, Thackery Brown

{"title":"Music enhances associative generalization: Evidence from a memory integration task.","authors":"Yiren Ren, Shailey Desai, Zahra Nurbhai, Annie Peng, Thackery Brown","doi":"10.3758/s13421-026-01914-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-026-01914-1","url":null,"abstract":"Successful knowledge generalization requires integrating overlapping experiences into flexible memory representations that support inference beyond direct experience. Although context is known to influence memory retrieval, less is known about how context during learning shapes the integration of overlapping associations. Across two experiments using an associative inference paradigm, we examined whether music functions as a contextual scaffold that supports both direct memory and generalization, and whether these two outcomes rely on the same or different mechanisms. In Experiment 1, participants learned overlapping animal-scene associations with background music or in silence and were tested with silence or music either reinstated or removed. Results showed a clear dissociation. For direct associations, only the Music-On condition (music at both encoding and retrieval) exceeded silence, indicating that reinstating the specific encoding context supports episodic retrieval. For generalization, both Music-On and Music-Off conditions outperformed silence and did not differ from each other, indicating that the benefit was established during encoding and persisted regardless of whether music was present at retrieval. Experiment 2 replicated and extended this pattern by replacing the Music-Off condition with an incongruent-music-at-retrieval condition. For direct associations, incongruent music produced no benefit over silence, ruling out generic music-at-retrieval accounts and suggesting that specific context reinstatement drives episodic retrieval. For generalization, both congruent and incongruent music conditions again exceeded the control. Together, these findings suggest that musical context enhances associative memory via two mechanisms: a specific episodic retrieval cue for directly learned associations, and an encoding-phase scaffold promoting integrated memory structures that support later inference.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148377538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Orthographic codes in visual word recognition: Task-dependent effects with insertions and deletions of repeated and unique letters. 视觉词识别中的正字法编码：重复和唯一字母的插入和删除的任务依赖效应。

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-025-01837-3

James S Adelman, Iliyana V Trifonova

{"title":"Orthographic codes in visual word recognition: Task-dependent effects with insertions and deletions of repeated and unique letters.","authors":"James S Adelman, Iliyana V Trifonova","doi":"10.3758/s13421-025-01837-3","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-025-01837-3","url":null,"abstract":"How letter position and identity information in strings is processed has been of great importance for visual word recognition and understanding discrimination between similar words. Position and identity are often not a one-to-one mapping, because in most words at least one letter is repeated, occurring in multiple positions. Whether and how multiple correspondences between identity and position affect reading is not yet clear as repeated letter effects occur inconsistently. Here, we investigated this issue with stimuli constructed from words with repetitions (e.g., REJECTS). We manipulated the presence of different identity information by inserting or deleting repeated (e.g., rejectcs or rjects) or unique letters (e.g., rejectas or rejecs), either as primes for the base words in lexical decision (Experiment 1) or the same-different task (Experiment 3), or as nonword foils in lexical decision (Experiment 2). The deletion of a repeated letter resulted in shorter response times than the deletion of a unique letter, but only in the primed lexical decision task. In contrast, the insertion of a repeated letter resulted in shorter response times than the insertion of a unique letter, but only for the primed same-different and the unprimed lexical decision tasks. Repetition effects were also observed in the accuracy for the nonword foil rejection for both insertions and deletions. These findings provide further evidence for differential processing between repeated and unique letters, while also showing that absent expected repetitions and present redundant repetitions affect processing according to the task, suggesting task idiosyncrasies in the demands, mechanisms or representations involved.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1753-1772"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13407721/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146120725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0