Memory & Cognition最新文献_第7页

People accept breaks in the causal chain between crime and punishment. 人们接受犯罪与惩罚之间因果链的中断。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-06 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01528-5

Julia W Van de Vondervoort, Lyne Baaj, John Turri, Ori Friedman

引用次数: 0

Voluntary task switching is affected by modality compatibility and preparation. 自愿任务切换受模式兼容性和准备工作的影响。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01536-5

Erik Friedgen, Iring Koch, Edita Poljac, Baptist Liefooghe, Denise Nadine Stephan

{"title":"Voluntary task switching is affected by modality compatibility and preparation.","authors":"Erik Friedgen, Iring Koch, Edita Poljac, Baptist Liefooghe, Denise Nadine Stephan","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01536-5","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-024-01536-5","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive task control can be examined in task-switching studies. Performance costs in task switches are usually smaller with compatible stimulus-response modality mappings (visual-manual and auditory-vocal) than with incompatible mappings (visual-vocal and auditory-manual). Modality compatibility describes the modality match of sensory input and of the anticipated response effect (e.g., vocal responses produce auditory effects, so that auditory stimuli are modality-compatible with vocal responses). Fintor et al. (Psychological Research, 84(2), 380-388, 2020) found that modality compatibility also biased task choice rates in voluntary task switching (VTS). In that study, in each trial participants were presented with a visual or auditory spatial stimulus and were free to choose the response modality (manual vs. vocal). In this free-choice task, participants showed a bias to create more modality-compatible than -incompatible mappings. In the present study, we assessed the generality of Fintor et al.'s (2020) findings, using verbal rather than spatial stimuli, and more complex tasks, featuring an increased number of stimulus-response alternatives. Experiment 1 replicated the task-choice bias to preferentially create modality-compatible mappings. We also found a bias to repeat the response modality just performed, and a bias to repeat entire stimulus-response modality mappings. In Experiment 2, we manipulated the response-stimulus interval (RSI) to examine whether more time for proactive cognitive control would help resolve modality-specific crosstalk in this free-choice paradigm. Long RSIs led to a decreased response-modality repetition bias and mapping repetition bias, but the modality-compatibility bias was unaffected. Together, the findings suggest that modality-specific priming of response modality influences task choice.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11315712/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139933605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High-variability training does not enhance generalization in the prototype-distortion paradigm. 在原型失真范例中，高变异性训练并不能增强泛化能力。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-16 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-023-01516-1

Mingjia Hu, Robert M Nosofsky

{"title":"High-variability training does not enhance generalization in the prototype-distortion paradigm.","authors":"Mingjia Hu, Robert M Nosofsky","doi":"10.3758/s13421-023-01516-1","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-023-01516-1","url":null,"abstract":"Classic studies of human categorization learning provided evidence that high-variability training in the prototype-distortion paradigm enhances subsequent generalization to novel test patterns from the learned categories. More recent work suggests, however, that when the number of training trials is equated across low-variability and high-variability training conditions, it is low-variability training that yields better generalization performance. Whereas the recent studies used cartoon-animal stimuli varying along binary-valued dimensions, in the present work we return to the use of prototype-distorted dot-pattern stimuli that had been used in the original classic studies. In accord with the recent findings, we observe that high-variability training does not enhance generalization in the dot-pattern prototype-distortion paradigm when the total number of training trials is equated across the conditions, even when training with very large numbers of distinct instances. A baseline version of an exemplar model captures the major qualitative pattern of results in the experiment, as do prototype models that make allowance for changes in parameter settings across the different training conditions. Based on the modeling results, we hypothesize that although high-variability training does not enhance generalization in the prototype-distortion paradigm, it may do so when participants learn more complex category structures.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139479522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Place-value and physical size converge in automatic processing of multi-digit numbers. 在自动处理多位数时，位值和物理大小趋于一致。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-023-01515-2

Ami Feder, Sivan Cohen-Gutman, Mariya Lozin, Michal Pinhas

{"title":"Place-value and physical size converge in automatic processing of multi-digit numbers.","authors":"Ami Feder, Sivan Cohen-Gutman, Mariya Lozin, Michal Pinhas","doi":"10.3758/s13421-023-01515-2","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-023-01515-2","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research has shown that multi-digit number processing is modulated by both place-value and physical size of the digits. By pitting place-value against physical size, the present study examined whether one of the attributes had a greater impact on the automatic processing of multi-digit numbers. In three experiments, participants were presented with two-digit number pairs that appeared in frames. They were instructed to select the larger frame while ignoring the numbers within the frames. Importantly, we manipulated the physical size of the digits (i.e., both decade/unit digits were physically larger) within the frames, the unit-decade compatibility (i.e., the relationship between the numerical values of both decade and unit digits was consistent or inconsistent), and the congruity between the numerical values of the decade digits and the frames' physical size (i.e., decade-value-frame-size congruity). In Experiment 1, where all pairs were unit-decade compatible, a decade-value-frame-size congruity effect emerged for pairs with physically larger decade, but not unit, digits. However, when adding unit-decade incompatible pairs (Experiments 2-3), in unit-decade compatible pairs, there was a decade-value-frame-size congruity effect regardless of the digits' physical size. In contrast, in unit-decade incompatible pairs, there was no decade-value-frame-size congruity effect, even when the physically larger digit (i.e., unit) contradicted the place-value information, presumably due to the cancellation of the opposing influences of the digits' physical sizes their place-values. Overall, these findings suggest that place-value and physical size are intertwined in the Hindu-Arabic numerical system and are processed as one.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139404827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How do forewarnings and post-warnings affect misinformation reliance? The impact of warnings on the continued influence effect and belief regression. 事前警告和事后警告如何影响对错误信息的依赖？警告对持续影响效应和信念回归的影响。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-23 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01520-z

Klara Austeja Buczel, Adam Siwiak, Malwina Szpitalak, Romuald Polczyk

引用次数: 0

Exploring the metamnemonic and phenomenal differences between transitional and mundane events. 探索过渡事件和世俗事件之间的元记忆和现象差异。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01534-7

Liangzi Shi, Norman R Brown, P J Charles Reimer

{"title":"Exploring the metamnemonic and phenomenal differences between transitional and mundane events.","authors":"Liangzi Shi, Norman R Brown, P J Charles Reimer","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01534-7","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-024-01534-7","url":null,"abstract":"In two experiments, we systematically investigated the reasons why people retained certain autobiographical events in their memory, as well as the properties of those events and their predicted memorability. The first experiment used three methods (word-cued, free-recalled, and \"memorable, interesting, and/or important\") to retrieve event memories, and examined memories from three different time-frames: very recent (within past 7 days), recent (past 2 weeks and 6 months), and older events (at least one year). In addition, data were also collected for an important transitional event recently experienced by all participants (\"starting university\"). The results revealed that people had access to three types of event memories: memories for life transitions, memories for older distinctive events, and memories for recent mundane events. Participants reported remembering events that were distinctive, first-time experiences, emotionally impactful, or simply because they were recent. They also predicted that older events would be more resistant to forgetting than very recent and recent events. The second experiment examined participants' memorable and forgettable events, and found that memorable events tended to be older, while forgettable events were more likely to be recent. These findings suggested that many retrievable memorable autobiographical memories were neither important nor transitional in nature. The studies contribute to our understanding of people's metamnemonic knowledge about their autobiographical memories.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139730776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unringing the bell: Successful debriefing following a rich false memory study. 解铃还须系铃人：丰富的错误记忆研究后的成功汇报。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01524-9

Ciara M Greene, Katie M Ryan, Lisa Ballantyne, Elizabeth Barrett, Conor S Cowman, Caroline A Dawson, Charlotte Huston, Julie Maher, Gillian Murphy

{"title":"Unringing the bell: Successful debriefing following a rich false memory study.","authors":"Ciara M Greene, Katie M Ryan, Lisa Ballantyne, Elizabeth Barrett, Conor S Cowman, Caroline A Dawson, Charlotte Huston, Julie Maher, Gillian Murphy","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01524-9","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-024-01524-9","url":null,"abstract":"In rich false memory studies, familial informants often provide information to support researchers in planting vivid memories of events that never occurred. The goal of the current study was to assess how effectively we can retract these false memories via debriefing - i.e., to what extent can we put participants back the way we found them? We aimed to establish (1) what proportion of participants would retain a false memory or false belief following debriefing, and (2) whether richer, more detailed memories would be more difficult to retract. Participants (N = 123) completed a false memory implantation protocol as part of a replication of the \"Lost in the Mall\" study (Loftus & Pickrell, Psychiatric Annals, 25, 720-725, 1995). By the end of the protocol, 14% of participants self-reported a memory for the fabricated event, and a further 52% believed it had happened. Participants were then fully debriefed, and memory and belief for the false event were assessed again. In a follow-up assessment 3 days post-debriefing, the false memory rate had dropped to 6% and false belief rates also fell precipitously to 7%. Moreover, virtually all persistent false memories were found to be nonbelieved memories, where participants no longer accepted that the fabricated event had occurred. Richer, more detailed memories were more resistant to correction, but were still mostly retracted. This study provides evidence that participants can be \"dehoaxed\", and even very convincing false memories can be retracted.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11315748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139576387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding patterns of accumulation: Improving forecast-based decisions via nudging. 了解累积模式：通过引导改进基于预测的决策。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-25 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01519-6

Hatice Zülal Boz-Yılmaz, Aysecan Boduroglu

{"title":"Understanding patterns of accumulation: Improving forecast-based decisions via nudging.","authors":"Hatice Zülal Boz-Yılmaz, Aysecan Boduroglu","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01519-6","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-024-01519-6","url":null,"abstract":"In this study we investigated challenges associated with comprehension of graphical patterns of accumulation (Experiment 1) and how to improve accumulation-based reasoning via nudging (Experiment 2). On each trial participants were presented with two separate graphs, each depicting a linear, saturating, or exponential data trajectory. They were then asked to make a binary decision based on their forecasts of how these trends would evolve. Correct responses were associated with a focus on the rate of increase in graphs; incorrect responses were driven by prior knowledge and beliefs regarding the context and/or selective attention towards the early phases of the line trajectories. To encourage participants to think more critically and accurately about the presented data, in Experiment 2, participants completed a nudge phase: they either made a forecast about a near horizon or read particular values on the studied trajectories prior to making their decisions. Forecasting about how the studied trajectories would progress led to improvements in determining expected accumulation growth. Merely reading values on the existing trajectory did not lead to improvements in decision accuracy. We demonstrate that actively asking participants to make specific forecasts prior to making decisions based on the accumulation trajectories improves decision accuracy.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11315707/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139547608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of noninstrumental information on reward learning. 非工具信息对奖励学习的影响

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01537-4

Jake R Embrey, Amy X Li, Shi Xian Liew, Ben R Newell

{"title":"The effect of noninstrumental information on reward learning.","authors":"Jake R Embrey, Amy X Li, Shi Xian Liew, Ben R Newell","doi":"10.3758/s13421-024-01537-4","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-024-01537-4","url":null,"abstract":"Investigations of information-seeking often highlight people's tendency to forgo financial reward in return for advance information about future outcomes. Most of these experiments use tasks in which reward contingencies are described to participants. The use of such descriptions leaves open the question of whether the opportunity to obtain such noninstrumental information influences people's ability to learn and represent the underlying reward structure of an experimental environment. In two experiments, participants completed a two-armed bandit task with monetary incentives where reward contingencies were learned via trial-by-trial experience. We find, akin to description-based tasks, that participants are willing to forgo financial reward to receive information about a delayed, unchangeable outcome. Crucially, however, there is little evidence this willingness to pay for information is driven by an inaccurate representation of the reward structure: participants' representations approximated the underlying reward structure regardless of the presence of advance noninstrumental information. The results extend previous conclusions regarding the intrinsic value of information to an experience-based domain and highlight challenges of probing participants' memories for experienced rewards.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11315740/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139933604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Automatic mental simulation in native and non-native speakers. 母语者和非母语者的自动心理模拟。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01533-8

Samuel J A van Zuijlen, Sharon Singh, Kevin Gunawan, Diane Pecher, René Zeelenberg

引用次数: 0