Memory & Cognition最新文献_第3页

Dissociating effects of gaze direction and facial motion on memory of dynamic faces. 注视方向和面部运动对动态面孔记忆的解离效应。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-08-13 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-025-01770-5

Xinran Feng, Mintao Zhao, Guomei Zhou

{"title":"Dissociating effects of gaze direction and facial motion on memory of dynamic faces.","authors":"Xinran Feng, Mintao Zhao, Guomei Zhou","doi":"10.3758/s13421-025-01770-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-025-01770-5","url":null,"abstract":"Research on dynamic face processing often emphasizes facial movements while overlooking how social information conveyed by moving faces influences face perception and memory. Our study investigated how eye gaze, a critical social cue, affects the memory of dynamic faces and whether the effect generalizes across facial motion (e.g., rigid and elastic motion) and own- and other-race faces. We employed a recognition memory task across three experiments to address these questions. Experiment 1 compared memory following learning static or moving faces and showed better memory for static and elastically moving faces (i.e., with a direct gaze) than for rigidly moving faces (i.e., with varying gaze directions), more so for own- than other-race faces. Experiment 2 manipulated gaze direction in both elastic and rigid facial motion (i.e., direct vs. averted) and showed a direct-gaze advantage. Learning direct-gaze faces, with either rigid or elastic facial motion, produced consistently better memory performance than that after learning averted-gaze faces, which was more pronounced for own-race faces. Experiment 3 manipulated the congruency of gaze direction between learning and test phases for both rigid and elastic facial motion. The advantage of learning direct-gaze faces persisted, irrespective of gaze congruency between study and test faces. These results not only demonstrate the crucial role of social signals, like eye gaze, in face memory but also dissociate the influences of facial motion and its accompanying gaze directions on the memory of dynamic faces, which may help reconcile discrepant findings regarding the effect of facial motion on face perception and recognition.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144849409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of congruency and social episodic memory on subsequent social decision-making. 一致性和社会情景记忆对后续社会决策的影响。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-08-13 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-025-01773-2

A M Sklenar, A N Frankenstein, P Urban Levy, E D Leshikar

{"title":"Influence of congruency and social episodic memory on subsequent social decision-making.","authors":"A M Sklenar, A N Frankenstein, P Urban Levy, E D Leshikar","doi":"10.3758/s13421-025-01773-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-025-01773-2","url":null,"abstract":"Research shows strong impacts of congruency on memory for social information, but whether memory advantages emerge for congruent or incongruent information is inconsistent. Social targets can have congruency between their facial expression (e.g., smiling, frowning) and behaviors (e.g., helping, hurting). The current study investigated the impact of congruency between valence of facial expressions and behaviors on memory and approach/avoidance (AA) decisions. At encoding (i.e., impression formation), participants formed positive or negative impressions of social targets. Social targets were represented by a picture with a positive or negative facial expression and a congruent or incongruent positive or negative behavior. At retrieval, we measured memory for multiple details (impressions, behaviors, facial expression) associated with targets encountered during encoding (impression formation). In a final approach/avoidance phase of the experiment, participants then judged whether they would approach or avoid social targets based on what they remembered about targets. Results showed that impression memory and behavior memory affected subsequent AA decisions, with correct memory for positive and negative impressions leading to approach and avoidance decisions, respectively. However, there was no impact of expression memory on AA decisions, suggesting participants did not base their decisions on irrelevant expression information. Further, results showed no effect of congruency on impression memory, behavior memory, or AA decisions, and limited impact on expression memory. Overall, findings may cast doubt on congruency/incongruency effects found in prior memory-related work, possibly suggesting an impact of the task.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144838299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What is the level of precision of phonological representations in working memory? 工作记忆中语音表征的精确度是多少？

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-08-13 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-025-01768-z

Marion Bouffier, Robin Remouchamps, Steve Majerus

{"title":"What is the level of precision of phonological representations in working memory?","authors":"Marion Bouffier, Robin Remouchamps, Steve Majerus","doi":"10.3758/s13421-025-01768-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-025-01768-z","url":null,"abstract":"The precision with which verbal information is represented in working memory (WM) is a debated question. Some studies suggest that verbal WM precision is limited to abstract phonological levels of representation while other studies, using specifically designed paradigms, indicate that information can reach phonetic-level precision. The present study investigated at which linguistic level verbal WM operates by default, by probing memory for phonological versus phonetic information in a non-word WM paradigm. In three experiments, we presented non-word lists followed by a non-word probe, with negative probes differing from targets by a single phoneme. This phoneme was either a phonetic variant of the target (e.g., /t/ - /t*/), a phonologically close phoneme (e.g., /t/ - /d/) or a phonologically distant phoneme (e.g., /t/ - /v/). In the three experiments, we observed reliable rejection of negative probes differing by a phonologically distant phoneme, while rejection of negative probes differing by either a phonologically close phoneme or a phonetic variant was much less robust. This study shows that verbal WM preferentially involves phonological levels of representation, and with limited precision at this level.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144849410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effects of time and self-relevance on collective memories and collective future thinking. 时间和自我关联对集体记忆和集体未来思维的影响。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-08-12 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-025-01771-4

Nawël Cheriet, Arnaud D'Argembeau, Christine Bastin

{"title":"The effects of time and self-relevance on collective memories and collective future thinking.","authors":"Nawël Cheriet, Arnaud D'Argembeau, Christine Bastin","doi":"10.3758/s13421-025-01771-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-025-01771-4","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the influence of time and self-relevance on collective memories. Participants recalled their memories of two events from 2020 that differed in self-relevance: the COVID-19 pandemic and a political event. Furthermore, each event was recalled at two time points: in 2021 and 2022. In 2021, participants also imagined a future pandemic and a future political event (the dissolution of the EU) to assess the extent to which representations of the collective future rely on representations of the collective past. Given the wide and complex nature of collective memory, we measured the type of information people remembered and imagined (personal vs. collective) and the common themes discussed by participants. Results showed that, in 2021, people recalled more personal information about the pandemic than the political event. By 2022, pandemic memories were recalled with more collective than personal information, similarly to political event memories, which remained primarily collective. For imagined future events, participants reported more collective than personal elements. Moreover, the themes described when imagining a future pandemic were similar to the ones recalled about the past pandemic. Themes about the pandemic also evolved into a more comprehensive view of the events over time. Overall, the findings suggest that the content of collective memories, especially self-relevant ones, evolves over time, emphasizing the constructive nature of collective memories and how it shapes collective future thinking.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144838300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interferences between time and space in advanced age. 老年时时间和空间的干扰。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-08-12 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-025-01775-0

Cindy Jagorska, Isa Steinecker, Martin Riemer

引用次数: 0

Adaptive memory: The effects of survival-constrained retrieval on recognition depend on initial encoding conditions. 适应性记忆：生存约束检索对识别的影响取决于初始编码条件。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-025-01767-0

Raoul Bell, Laura Mieth, Meike Kroneisen

{"title":"Adaptive memory: The effects of survival-constrained retrieval on recognition depend on initial encoding conditions.","authors":"Raoul Bell, Laura Mieth, Meike Kroneisen","doi":"10.3758/s13421-025-01767-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-025-01767-0","url":null,"abstract":"Information relevant to survival has been found to be prioritized in memory, a finding often interpreted as reflecting evolved mnemonic mechanisms. While much research has focused on survival processing at encoding, the effect of constraining retrieval to the survival condition on later memory performance remains less well studied. Two experiments serve to examine whether survival-constrained retrieval in an intermediate source-constrained retrieval test impairs or improves recognition of words in a final memory test, depending on whether intermediate retrieval was constrained to the condition in which the words were initially encoded. Two competing hypotheses are evaluated: The retrieval-based interference account predicts that survival-constrained retrieval may blur the distinction between words initially judged for survival relevance and foils introduced in the intermediate source-constrained retrieval test, leading to impaired final recognition. In contrast, the retrieval-based strengthening account suggests that survival-constrained retrieval strengthens memory for the words initially judged for survival relevance, relative to words encoded in a control condition. Across two experiments using survival, pleasantness, or moving relevance judgments at initial encoding and intermediate source-constrained retrieval, final recognition was consistently better when intermediate retrieval was constrained to the initial encoding condition. The results contribute to the adaptive-memory framework by showing that survival-related memory advantages are shaped by both initial encoding and intermediate retrieval processes.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144822954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Popular music and movies as autobiographical memory cues. 流行音乐和电影作为自传式记忆线索。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-08-08 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-025-01765-2

Julien Hanson, Jessica Frame, Elena Bai, Kendra Mehl, Kelly Jakubowski, Amy M Belfi

{"title":"Popular music and movies as autobiographical memory cues.","authors":"Julien Hanson, Jessica Frame, Elena Bai, Kendra Mehl, Kelly Jakubowski, Amy M Belfi","doi":"10.3758/s13421-025-01765-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-025-01765-2","url":null,"abstract":"Research on music-evoked autobiographical memories has grown rapidly in recent years, suggesting that music can be an effective stimulus for cueing memories from one's life. One challenging aspect of this type of research is creating a stimulus set that is effective at cueing autobiographical memories in a wide range of individuals. The present work sought to address this issue by creating a normed stimulus set of popular music and popular movie cues. In addition to this methodological aim, we had an empirical aim to identify differences between autobiographical memories cued by music and movies. Participants (N = 248) either listened to excerpts of popular music or viewed clips of popular movies. After each stimulus, participants rated it on several dimensions, including emotional valence, emotional arousal, familiarity, and autobiographical salience. Results indicated that certain songs and movies are autobiographically salient across a wide age range of participants. Additionally, we identified that musical cues show a significantly more pronounced reminiscence bump than movie cues, suggesting that music from the reminiscence bump period of life is more effective at triggering memories. Overall, these data provide an important resource for researchers wishing to use popular media to cue autobiographical memories, as well as indicating differences between memories cued by music and movies.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144805087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evidence for rule versus exemplar learning strategies as stable individual differences independent from working memory. 规则与范例学习策略作为独立于工作记忆的稳定个体差异的证据。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-08-07 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-025-01752-7

Samuel A Herzog, Micah B Goldwater

{"title":"Evidence for rule versus exemplar learning strategies as stable individual differences independent from working memory.","authors":"Samuel A Herzog, Micah B Goldwater","doi":"10.3758/s13421-025-01752-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-025-01752-7","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence for two qualitatively different learning strategies has emerged from the function- and category-learning literatures: a rule-based and an exemplar-based strategy. With a rule-based strategy, learners abstract some common principle from training items, which allows extrapolation to novel instances. With an exemplar-based strategy, learners encode training items without abstraction, which facilitates generalisation based on surface similarity to trained items. Previous studies offer preliminary evidence that strategies are stable; that is, convergent performance was found across pairs of disparate tasks. The current paper advances this work by examining whether performance across a battery of tasks converges, providing evidence for a latent variable underlying learning strategy. Subjects completed five learning strategy and three working memory tasks. Using data reduction and latent structure modelling methods, we found evidence for a general strategy construct that was unrelated to working memory. This is important because it shows that differences in learning strategy are not simply due to differences in working memory.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144800652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The survival processing advantage with the use of binary decisions. 使用二元决策的生存处理优势。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-08-06 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-025-01761-6

Patrick Bonin, Gaëtan Thiebaut, Aurélia Bugaiska, Alain Méot

{"title":"The survival processing advantage with the use of binary decisions.","authors":"Patrick Bonin, Gaëtan Thiebaut, Aurélia Bugaiska, Alain Méot","doi":"10.3758/s13421-025-01761-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-025-01761-6","url":null,"abstract":"When information is processed in the context of survival, it is particularly well remembered: the survival processing advantage. This effect has been obtained virtually by using word-rating tasks in which participants judge the relevance of words to a survival scenario using Likert scales. Here, we wanted to examine whether the survival processing advantage could be obtained using binary decisions. Participants had to quickly decide whether words were relevant in a survival scenario by giving either binary (\"yes\" or \"no\") or graded responses (using 5-point scales). These conditions were compared with pleasantness ratings, which were also given quickly as either binary or graded responses. In Study 1, the survival effect was replicated in the form of correct recall rates for graded ratings given without any time constraint. In Study 2, we found that the use of binary (vs. graded) responses did not alter the survival effect in correct recall rates. Clustering analyses provided little evidence of greater categorical clustering in the survival than in the pleasantness condition and revealed no reliable difference between the binary and graded decisions. Overall, there were more intrusions in the survival condition than in the pleasantness condition in Study 1, while only a trend was observed in Study 2. However, these were not affected by the type of response. Our studies extend the generality of the survival effect in memory and provide relevant information for discussing the potential involvement of elaboration as a proximate mechanism of this effect.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144790423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Memory accessibility as a cue for perceived importance. 记忆可及性作为感知重要性的线索。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2025-08-06 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-025-01772-3

Dillon H Murphy, Aikaterini Stefanidi, Gene A Brewer

{"title":"Memory accessibility as a cue for perceived importance.","authors":"Dillon H Murphy, Aikaterini Stefanidi, Gene A Brewer","doi":"10.3758/s13421-025-01772-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-025-01772-3","url":null,"abstract":"People frequently rely on subjective assessments of importance to navigate daily decisions, yet the psychological underpinnings of these judgments are not fully understood. Crucially, non-diagnostic factors, such as memory accessibility, may skew these evaluations. The present study examined the interplay between memory outcomes and judgments of importance. Participants engaged in a memory test involving 20 scientific theories, followed by assessments of each theory's importance. Results revealed a bias whereby successfully recalled theories were deemed more important than those not recalled. Additionally, even in the case of retrieval failure, metacognitive feelings of knowing positively correlated with importance judgments. Finally, when memory was tested via recognition, which lowers retrieval difficulty, this importance bias was diminished, indicating that the effort or challenge of retrieval may be used as a cue for importance. Across these experiments, a consistent pattern emerged (recalled information was considered more important than forgotten information) that aligns with the hypothesis that memory accessibility and subjective judgments of importance are intertwined. Thus, people may deem things they remember as having higher importance and things they forget as having less importance, based in part on the degree of memory accessibility which is not necessarily a valid indicator of the true status of that information's value.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0