Memory & Cognition最新文献_第2页

Influence of morphological and pseudo-morphological boundaries on activating embedded words when accessing compounds and pseudo-compounds. 获取复合词和拟复合词时，形态和伪形态边界对嵌入词激活的影响。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2026-04-14 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-026-01883-5

Alexander Taikh, Christina L Gagné, Thomas Spalding

{"title":"Influence of morphological and pseudo-morphological boundaries on activating embedded words when accessing compounds and pseudo-compounds.","authors":"Alexander Taikh, Christina L Gagné, Thomas Spalding","doi":"10.3758/s13421-026-01883-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-026-01883-5","url":null,"abstract":"According to the edge-aligned embedded word activation theory and the principle of full decomposition (Grainger & Beyersmann, 2017), (pseudo)morphemes are extracted from both edges of the whole word based on orthographic information. For example, car is extracted from the compound carport, where it functions as a morpheme, and from the pseudo-compound carpet, where it does not, and is suppressed by the pseudo-compound. Embedded words should receive activation when the whole word can be decomposed into constituent (pseudo)morphemes, and accessing one embedded (pseudo)morpheme should facilitate access to another one. Using English compound words, Taikh et al. (2024) found that replacing boundary letters slowed down processing of the whole compound word, while replacing constituent-internal letters did not, which is consistent with the principle of full decomposition. Whereas replacing boundary letters interferes with access to both constituents, replacing constituent-internal letters allows access to the unaltered constituent. In the present study, we first replicate the findings of Taikh et al. using English compounds and then examine the principle of full decomposition in English pseudo-compounds. We find that replacing pseudo-boundary and pseudo-constituent letters slows down the processing of a pseudo-compound to a similar extent, suggesting that accessing an unaltered pseudo-constituent does not facilitate processing the altered pseudo-constituent. Our findings are consistent with the idea that embedded pseudo-constituents are suppressed by the pseudo-compound and thus do not facilitate its access. Additionally, embedded words may not receive facilitation if the recognition of the entire word requires that they be suppressed strongly enough.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147677861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Confidence judgments, feelings of knowing and judgments of learning: Towards a common framework. 信心判断、认知感受和学习判断：走向一个共同的框架。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2026-04-14 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-026-01874-6

Asher Koriat

引用次数: 0

Working memory load attenuates the match effect in sentence-picture verification. 工作记忆负荷会减弱句子-图片验证中的匹配效应。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2026-04-13 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-026-01884-4

Laura E Thomas

{"title":"Working memory load attenuates the match effect in sentence-picture verification.","authors":"Laura E Thomas","doi":"10.3758/s13421-026-01884-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-026-01884-4","url":null,"abstract":"Embodied views of language comprehension argue that the body's perceptual and motor systems ground linguistic meaning. One source of support for this view comes from the sentence-picture verification (SPV) shape match effect, in which observers read a sentence that implies - but does not explicitly describe - an object's shape and then report whether a pictured object was mentioned in the sentence. Participants are typically faster to verify a sentence mentioned an object when the object's shape matches the shape implied by that sentence's context. However, several high-profile studies have failed to replicate this and other key results supporting the sensorimotor simulation view, raising questions about the extent to which language comprehension relies upon modal representations. One explanation for these conflicting findings is that individuals do not obligatorily tap perceptual and motor systems to understand language but are instead flexible in their use of sensorimotor simulation depending upon contextual factors such as task demands. I investigated this possibility by asking participants to perform the SPV task while concurrently holding either auditory or visual information in working memory. I found that higher working memory loads in both the auditory and the visual domains attenuated the SPV match advantage. This finding suggests that sensorimotor simulation is not necessary for language comprehension but may instead depend in part upon the availability of resources in working memory.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147677908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Toward a more positive outlook for the collective future: The role of tangible experiences and identity. 对集体未来更积极的展望：有形经验和身份的作用。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2026-04-13 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-026-01880-8

Karl Szpunar, Nilay Özdemir Haksever

{"title":"Toward a more positive outlook for the collective future: The role of tangible experiences and identity.","authors":"Karl Szpunar, Nilay Özdemir Haksever","doi":"10.3758/s13421-026-01880-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-026-01880-8","url":null,"abstract":"People tend to view the collective future, and the national future in particular, in a negative light. However, recent theoretical and empirical work has suggested that tangible experiences and group identification may support a more positive collective outlook. Across two preregistered studies (N = 597), participants indicated how positive/negative they expected the future of their family and country to be in the next 10-20 years, how central their family and country were to their identity, and the extent to which they had tangible experiences with or on behalf of their country. Consistent with prior research, participants consistently viewed the future of their country in a less positive (and more negative) light than their family, although this valence-based difference was diminished for participants who identified more closely with their country than their family. Similarly, participants who reported more tangible experiences with or on behalf of their country were more positive about the national future. Mediation analyses revealed that the impact of tangible experiences on a positive national outlook was mediated by increases in identification with country. Taken together, the data indicate that tangible experiences with abstract entities (i.e., nations) may play an important role in creating a more positive outlook about the collective future. Implications for collective cognition research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147677940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Individual differences in recall of focus and alternatives. 焦点和替代记忆的个体差异。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2026-04-13 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-026-01870-w

Chao Sun, Anne Felsenheimer, Xaver Koch, Katharina Spalek

{"title":"Individual differences in recall of focus and alternatives.","authors":"Chao Sun, Anne Felsenheimer, Xaver Koch, Katharina Spalek","doi":"10.3758/s13421-026-01870-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-026-01870-w","url":null,"abstract":"Contrastive focus has been shown to enhance memory for focused elements and their contextual alternatives. However, recent work has shown that the memory effects of contrastive accenting vary across individuals. The present study investigates whether individual differences in memory for focus-related information reflect distinct recall patterns and which linguistic or cognitive abilities underlie these patterns. Native speakers of German completed a delayed-recall task in which contrastive focus was marked by pitch accenting, along with a battery of predictor tasks targeting different aspects of focus processing as well as broader linguistic and cognitive abilities. Using a probabilistic clustering approach, we identified two recall profiles that differed primarily in overall recall performance for focused elements and their alternatives. Participants who recalled more focus-related information also performed better on inference-based tasks, whereas prosodic perception and domain-general cognitive abilities did not predict recall profiles. These findings suggest that individual variability in the memory effects of contrastive focus is closely associated with inference-making ability and indicate that the encoding of contrast sets may be influenced by listener-specific inferential abilities.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147677911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Subcategory vs category fluency: Items and networks in healthy young adults and simulation with a large language model. 子类别与类别流畅性：健康年轻人的项目和网络及大型语言模型模拟。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2026-04-08 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-026-01869-3

Adrià Rofes, Demi van Dijk, Jeffrey C Zemla

{"title":"Subcategory vs category fluency: Items and networks in healthy young adults and simulation with a large language model.","authors":"Adrià Rofes, Demi van Dijk, Jeffrey C Zemla","doi":"10.3758/s13421-026-01869-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-026-01869-3","url":null,"abstract":"Category fluency tasks involve producing words constrained by a semantic field (animals). Subcategory fluency involves producing words from categories that are semantically related to a superordinate category but form a restricted set of items (farm animals). Here, we study whether people produce different patterns of words in category versus subcategory fluency by looking at differences in the total number of words produced, the properties of the words produced (e.g., frequency) and how people group words together (clusters/switches and network metrics). Forty-eight Dutch-speaking university students responded to three category fluency tasks (animals, foods, transport) and three subcategory fluency tasks (farm animals, fruits, bike parts). Also, we queried a large language model (LLM) to provide responses for 50 \"pseudo-participants\" for the same six categories. People in category (versus subcategory) tasks produced more words; words of higher frequency, with fewer orthographic and phonological neighbors, and shorter in length. They also produced fewer cluster switches and bigger clusters. The category and subcategory networks had different structure (e.g., number of nodes, edges, clustering coefficient). With the LLM we simulated the results regarding word properties and cluster size, but found differences regarding correct words, number of switches, and overlapping clusters between foods and fruit fluency. The differences between category and subcategory fluency may stem from differences in mental search in the lexico-semantic system. However, category and subcategory fluency tasks may be different tasks altogether. The LLM simulation provides novel insights (e.g., how words relate, task-order effects) and suggests caution when used to understand human fluency data.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147640214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Focusing on conflict in item-specific adaptive control: Insights from a proportion-neutral manipulation. 专注于特定项目自适应控制中的冲突：来自比例中立操作的见解。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2026-04-08 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-026-01878-2

Giacomo Spinelli, Stephen Lupker

{"title":"Focusing on conflict in item-specific adaptive control: Insights from a proportion-neutral manipulation.","authors":"Giacomo Spinelli, Stephen Lupker","doi":"10.3758/s13421-026-01878-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-026-01878-2","url":null,"abstract":"Jacoby et al. (Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 10, 638-644, 2003) reported that, in Stroop tasks, stimuli that more frequently involve targets combined with a congruent distractor (e.g., the word RED in the color red) produce larger Stroop effects than stimuli that more frequently involve targets combined with an incongruent distractor (e.g., RED in green). This pattern suggests that adaptive control can be item-specific in addition to item-nonspecific, and reactive in addition to proactive (although this conclusion has been challenged). This adaptive-control process has often been assumed to be driven by the conflict associated with incongruent stimuli; however, the typical experimental manipulations investigating this issue allow the facilitation associated with congruent stimuli to also play a role. Here, we modified those manipulations in order to focus exclusively on conflict, removing any impact of congruency facilitation, by contrasting targets presented with either neutral (letter strings) or incongruent distractors. Neutral stimuli were presented more frequently than incongruent ones in the Mostly-Neutral (MN) condition and vice versa in the Mostly-Incongruent (MI) condition. Paralleling the original pattern, Stroop interference was larger in the MN condition, suggesting that item-specific conflict frequency can be used to adapt attention accordingly. Importantly, this effect was replicated after experimentally controlling for stimulus frequency, a confound that was found to explain part, but not all, of the general pattern. These results support Jacoby et al.'s claims that (a) control can be adapted in an item-specific fashion and (b) conflict plays a key role in that process.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147640257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Memory encoding for new information, not autobiographical memory load, is linked with age-related differences in subjective time passage over the past decade. 在过去十年中，新信息的记忆编码，而非自传体记忆负荷，与主观时间流逝的年龄相关差异有关。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2026-04-07 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-026-01879-1

Alice Teghil, Sebastian Wittmann, Adele Lifrieri, Sophia Saad, Maddalena Boccia, Marc Wittmann

{"title":"Memory encoding for new information, not autobiographical memory load, is linked with age-related differences in subjective time passage over the past decade.","authors":"Alice Teghil, Sebastian Wittmann, Adele Lifrieri, Sophia Saad, Maddalena Boccia, Marc Wittmann","doi":"10.3758/s13421-026-01879-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-026-01879-1","url":null,"abstract":"The widely replicated finding that time passage over the past decade is perceived as faster by older adults was the focus of this study. We investigated potential factors associated with this effect, examining the role of autobiographical memory and cognitive functioning. One hundred and twenty individuals aged 20-91 years were assessed on subjective time perception for the preceding decade and year, the quantity and significance of autobiographical memories from those periods, and overall cognitive status. Results confirmed the specific age-related effect concerning a faster time passage over the past decade. However, no significant association was found between perceived time passage over the past decade and either the number or subjective value of memories. Contrary to assumptions, older adults reported more vivid and meaningful recollections. Instead, reduced cognitive functioning, and specifically lower ability to form new memories as assessed through delayed memory recall, emerged as significantly linked to faster time perception with older age. Findings suggest that age-related cognitive decline leading to reduced ability to encode novel memories, rather than diminished autobiographical memory content, is a critical factor in the subjective experience of time compression in older adults.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147628829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preview position versus length: Key factors in the time course of parallel processing in multitasking. 预览位置与长度：多任务并行处理时间过程的关键因素。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-025-01780-3

Jovita Brüning

{"title":"Preview position versus length: Key factors in the time course of parallel processing in multitasking.","authors":"Jovita Brüning","doi":"10.3758/s13421-025-01780-3","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-025-01780-3","url":null,"abstract":"Multitasking research has shown that individuals differ in whether they prefer a more serial or a more parallel mode of task processing at the level of whole tasks. Such preferences can be identified using the task switching with preview (TSWP) paradigm. This paradigm allows, but does not require, individuals to preview the stimulus of the next task switch in a predictable task switching procedure [AAABBB...]. Although several studies have shown that some participants consistently use the preview information, it is still unclear when exactly this information is used and, thus, how parallel processing takes place. The present study is an important step in clarifying this issue. In two experiments, I investigated when exactly individuals who prefer parallel processing during task switching use a preview to prepare for the next task switch. In Experiment 1, the onset and thus the length of the preview was varied within participants. This allowed to disentangle whether parallel processing of the preview depends on the length of the preview (i.e., its likelihood increases with longer preview presentation), or occurs contingent on a single trial (i.e., is a rapid process). Strikingly, parallel processing occurred regardless of preview duration, suggesting that a short preview may be sufficient. In Experiment 2, participants received the preview in discrete steps, i.e., with the same length throughout the sequence. There was a clear peak in the use of the preview immediately before a task switch. This suggests that although individuals who prefer parallel processing are able to process information in parallel throughout a task sequence, they clearly prefer to do so just before the task switch.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"767-791"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13132926/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145132135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The conceptual relatedness of post-encoding interference influences forgetting for central details in complex memories. 编码后干扰的概念相关性影响复杂记忆中中心细节的遗忘。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Memory & Cognition Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-025-01792-z

Azara Lalla, Signy Sheldon

{"title":"The conceptual relatedness of post-encoding interference influences forgetting for central details in complex memories.","authors":"Azara Lalla, Signy Sheldon","doi":"10.3758/s13421-025-01792-z","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13421-025-01792-z","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of the post-encoding period for memory retention is clear from studies of retroactive interference. However, it is less clear how the nature of post-encoding information determines the mnemonic fate of complex memories, which contain both central details describing the unfolding of the event and peripheral details which provide perceptual richness. The goal of the present study was to test whether interfering narratives composed of central details varying in conceptual similarity causes retroactive interference for details from the encoded memory. Experiment 1 used a between-subjects design where participants encoded videos depicting complex events (e.g., going to a restaurant) followed by a post-encoding period consisting of an unfilled delay or an interfering narrative that was either related (e.g., going to a restaurant) or unrelated to the event (e.g., taking an art class). The interfering narratives were composed of only central details and were presented auditorily, to minimize overlap with peripheral details in the videos. Half of the videos were recalled immediately, and half were recalled after 24-hours. We found that central details were forgotten more in the unrelated post-encoding group than the other two groups. Experiment 2 replicated the difference in central detail recall between related and unrelated post-encoding interference using a within-subjects design. We reveal that retroactive interference for complex memories may be determined both by the conceptual similarity of the interfering information and by the overlap between the types of details being interfered with.","PeriodicalId":48398,"journal":{"name":"Memory & Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"997-1013"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0