Transport Policy最新文献

{"title":"The importance of walking for public transport – just the first and last mile?","authors":"Helge Hillnhütter,&nbsp;Thomas Alexander Sick Nielsen","doi":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2026.104091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2026.104091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Policies for public transport and walking support sustainable mobility in urban contexts. While public transport necessitates walking, policies that integrate both modes in a cohesive manner remain scarce. To raise awareness and illustrate the symbiotic relationship between walking and public transport, we analyse data from 7919 public transport (PT) trips comprising 38,933 trip legs. To address the challenge of diverse PT travel chains, a cluster analysis identifies four distinct PT trip types within the data. They vary in their temporal composition and mode usage across the door-to-door trip leg sequence. Two shorter, everyday PT trip types account for 89% of trips, with nearly all access provided by walking. For these trips, travellers spend 48% and 64% of their total travel time as pedestrians within the public urban realm, which includes walking, waiting and transferring. For the 10% of longer trips involving faster PT modes, walking remains the dominant access mode at the home end of the trip, and the share of bike and car usage exceeds 50% only at access distances greater than 1.5 km. Access at the activity end of these longer PT trips is exclusively on foot, with travellers spending 32% of their total travel time as pedestrians. A small proportion (1.3%) of PT trips involves modes other than walking for access at the activity end of trips, with 22% of total travel time spent as pedestrians. Specific transfers from bike or car to PT require walking between parking facilities and PT stops or platforms. Walking times of 1.5 to 2.4 min for longer PT trips underscore the importance of short walking distances as a prerequisite for accessing PT via other modes. This points to both the potential and the limitations of integrating additional modes into PT trips. The data and methodology used in this study provide generalizable insights into the role of walking in PT trips. Overall, the results underscore the synergistic potential of integrated policies for walking and public transport, which holds true across all 12 urban contexts in the dataset.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48378,"journal":{"name":"Transport Policy","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 104091"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A game-theoretic approach for pricing policy under urban rail mixed passenger–freight transport","authors":"Lulu Li ,&nbsp;Xin Yang ,&nbsp;Zhigang Cao ,&nbsp;Meiling Ding ,&nbsp;Huijun Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2026.104055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2026.104055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study develops a tripartite game-theoretic model to analyze subsidy and pricing policies for urban rail mixed passenger–freight transport. We formalize the critical dual externality trade-off that policymakers must confront: subsidies designed to capture environmental benefits from emission reductions may simultaneously exacerbate negative passenger externalities from crowding and discomfort. Integrating Nash equilibrium, Stackelberg, and Nash bargaining games, we demonstrate that cooperative governance enables Pareto improvements for all stakeholders, but these gains are strictly bounded. Crucially, successful cooperation is viable only within a defined effective cooperation zone, whose boundaries are determined by the trade-off between passenger sensitivity to freight traffic and the government’s valuation of environmental benefits. Empirical analysis calibrated with Sydney Metro data confirms that system performance depends critically on this balance. Our findings provide policymakers with a structured framework for designing multi-stakeholder strategies, underscoring that the success of metro-based urban logistics hinges on explicitly quantifying and managing the dual externality trade-off.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48378,"journal":{"name":"Transport Policy","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 104055"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drivers of public inter-organizational collaboration in area-oriented transport infrastructure planning: A comparative analysis of four Dutch cases","authors":"Mieke den Bakker ,&nbsp;Stefan Verweij ,&nbsp;Jos Arts ,&nbsp;Wim Leendertse","doi":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2026.104067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2026.104067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aging transport infrastructures in Western countries require redevelopment to meet future demands. Literature suggests that traditional planning is inadequate for redevelopment. This has led to the rise of area-oriented infrastructure planning, where multiple organizations collaborate. While existing studies acknowledge the importance of inter-organizational collaboration in area-oriented planning, they do not clarify whether and how specific drivers influence the collaborative process. This article therefore addresses the following research question: What are key drivers of public inter-organizational collaboration, and how do these drivers impact the collaborative process in area-oriented infrastructure planning? Based on existing literature we examined four key drivers: resources and power, incentives to collaborate, clear ground rules and commitment to process. The collaborative process was defined in terms of shared understanding, trust building, and leadership. Four cases were selected which vary regarding collaborative process and collective outcomes. Data consists of 29 interviews between October 2024 and February 2025, and 37 documents. Two rounds of coding facilitated within-case and cross-case analyses. Our results indicate that commitment to process directly enhances trust building, while clear ground rules strengthen shared understanding. Incentives to collaborate, and resources and power affect commitment to process, suggesting an indirect influence on trust building. Finally, resources and power also shape shared understanding. This study contributes to theory and practice by offering insights into the drivers that impact the collaborative process, and how these drivers mutually interact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48378,"journal":{"name":"Transport Policy","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 104067"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Financial sustainability in the airline industry: Panel evidence from leading global carriers","authors":"Berk Yildiz,&nbsp;Ersin Acikgoz,&nbsp;Gulden Oner","doi":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2026.104085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2026.104085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to identify the key financial drivers of profitability-based financial sustainability in the global airline industry by jointly examining Return on Invested Capital (ROIC) and Return on Assets (ROA). Using panel data from 40 of the world's largest airline companies over the 2015–2024 period, the study adopts an integrated framework that captures both capital efficiency and asset-based profitability. The results indicate that operational efficiency, measured by EBITDA Margin, and debt-servicing capacity, proxied by the Interest Coverage Ratio, are the most consistent positive determinants of both ROIC and ROA. In contrast, leverage exerts a persistent negative effect, highlighting the risks associated with excessive debt in a capital-intensive and volatile industry. Liquidity and asset turnover contribute positively to asset-based returns but have limited influence on capital efficiency, while firm size shows a negative association with both profitability measures, suggesting potential diseconomies of scale among the largest carriers. While the study does not introduce new theoretical constructs, its contribution lies in the rigorous empirical application of established financial frameworks by jointly analyzing ROIC and ROA within a unified model. From a policy perspective, the findings support regulatory and strategic initiatives aimed at enhancing industry resilience against fuel price volatility, demand shocks, and macroeconomic uncertainty.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48378,"journal":{"name":"Transport Policy","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 104085"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upstream vs. downstream grants — The role of public contributions in improving railway efficiency in Europe","authors":"Jan Thomas Schäfer","doi":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2026.104089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2026.104089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The level of government support significantly influences the performance of European railways. However, prior analyses have largely focused on the sector as a whole, neglecting the distribution of public budget contributions between the infrastructure manager (the ‘upstream’ network provider) and railway undertakings (the ‘downstream’ service providers). This study employs a two-stage procedure involving Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to measure efficiency, followed by regression analysis to evaluate the relationship between funding structures and performance. Using a dataset covering eight European countries from 2001 to 2022, the results indicate that railways achieve higher efficiency when government funds are primarily allocated to the infrastructure manager rather than to railway undertakings. This can be attributed to the mitigation of double marginalization and soft-budget constraints, as well as the stimulation of intra-rail competition enabled by lower infrastructure access charges. Furthermore, while a higher overall level of operating subsidies consistently correlates with better efficiency, the impact of capital investment grants is less uniform. These findings underscore the importance of balanced funding strategies that prioritize infrastructure support to foster competition and promote the efficient use of public resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48378,"journal":{"name":"Transport Policy","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 104089"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Will the social vulnerability index affect school bus crashes?","authors":"Xiao Li ,&nbsp;Guangxi He ,&nbsp;Shouji Du ,&nbsp;Zhaohua Guo ,&nbsp;Shicheng Lin ,&nbsp;Peng Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2026.104064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2026.104064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>School bus crashes have become an increasingly important public concern due to its direct relationship with child transportation security and community well-being. Understanding the environmental and social factors can reduce school bus crashes, which is essential for exploring effective prevention strategies. Nevertheless, existing studies on school bus crashes often ignore spatial dependencies among communities and the combined effects of the built environment and social vulnerability factors. To address the aforementioned research gaps, this study firstly investigates the determinants of school bus crashes. We integrate the Connecticut school bus crash dataset with built environment variables and Social Vulnerability Index (SVI). Subsequently, Graph Convolution Network (GCN) is applied for geographical correlation in study. Moran's index of the residuals indicates that the GCN can capture geographic correlations. Finally, spatial cross validation results prove that SVI related to racial and ethnic minorities, housing and transportation play significant roles in crash occurrence. Other factors such as population migration and land use mixture also contribute to crashes. Variable thresholds and feature importance rankings are determined by SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). Based on accident causation theory, this study enhances the understanding of how built environment and social vulnerability indicators jointly affect school bus crashes and offers insights for urban transport policy formulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48378,"journal":{"name":"Transport Policy","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 104064"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balancing innovation and safety: Public preferences for autonomous vehicle testing in Australia","authors":"Ali Ardeshiri ,&nbsp;Lynette Washington ,&nbsp;Akshay Vij","doi":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2026.104062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2026.104062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) transition from concept to reality, governments around the world face a dual imperative to foster innovation while ensuring public safety and trust. Although regulatory frameworks are evolving to support CAV deployment, little is known about how citizens perceive the risks and benefits of different testing strategies. This study explores the preferences of the Australian public regarding where, when, and how autonomous vehicle technologies should be tested.</div><div>Using a nationally representative stated preference survey of 2993 Australians, we evaluate the trade-offs the public is willing to make between short-term safety risks and long-term technological progress. Our results reveal a cautious public stance: nearly one in five respondents oppose any testing on public roads, and a further 50% express zero tolerance for fatalities or serious injuries during testing. Preferences strongly favour testing conditions that include a human safety driver and restricted environments such as low-traffic suburban and regional areas.</div><div>These findings suggest that while Australians are intrigued by the potential benefits of CAVs, these benefits must not come at the expense of safety or ethics. Citizens appear to support a phased, low-risk approach to CAV testing that closely aligns with current government policy. This study highlights the importance of incorporating public values into the governance of innovation and offers evidence that aligning technological ambition with societal expectations is crucial for building public trust in mobility policy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48378,"journal":{"name":"Transport Policy","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 104062"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time to adopt a segmented approach to accelerate electric car adoption in emerging economies? Evidences from Indian metro cities","authors":"Munavar Fairooz Cheranchery ,&nbsp;Meghana Binu ,&nbsp;Hrithik Sujil ,&nbsp;Fathima Hiba Padannapilakkal","doi":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2026.104083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2026.104083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sluggish pace of electric car adoption in emerging economies presents a formidable challenge in tackling the emission concerns arising from traditional combustion engine cars. Despite the implementation of numerous government initiatives, the uninspiring rate of electric car adoption demands alternative strategies in Indian context. Considering the diverse socio-economic characteristics of the Indian population and the resulting variations in perception, the study aims to segment non-Electric Car (non-EC) users of Indian metro cities and identify the perceived barriers to the adoption of electric cars. Unlike previous studies, the present work employs segmentation based on quality expectations, resulting in the identification of two distinct segments of non-EC users: captive users (loyal to combustion engine cars) and potential adopters (potential interest in electric vehicles). Additionally, the study also investigates the perception of EC users to derive intervention areas based on their experience of using electric cars. Barriers to electric car (EC) adoption for each segment are identified using a revised Importance-Performance Analysis (revised IPA) giving due consideration to factor structure and management schemes. The findings indicate the need for a segmented approach with short term and long term focus areas to accelerate electric car adoption in Indian cities. While the count of barriers identified by the two non-EC segments are different, there are many common barriers identified by these segments influencing their decision to adopt electric cars. The potential adopters identified range of travel, battery cost, charging infrastructure, and availability of parts, service and incentives as the major barriers. The captive users are concerned about the purchase cost and charging time in addition to those mentioned as barriers by the potential adopters. The comparative insights derived based on the findings are expected to aid policymakers and manufacturers to accelerate the electric car adoption in emerging economies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48378,"journal":{"name":"Transport Policy","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 104083"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transport rebound effect in BRICS: A panel threshold analysis of income and green innovation","authors":"Asad Abbas Shah ,&nbsp;Donglan Zha","doi":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2026.104058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2026.104058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Energy efficiency (EE) has emerged as a central policy objective, particularly in energy-intensive sectors such as transportation. The rebound effect (RE) may offset the anticipated energy savings from EE improvements, thereby diminishing their overall effectiveness. Using a two-step methodology, this study examines the rebound effect in the transport sector of BRICS countries from 1990 to 2023. Initially, transport efficiency is estimated via stochastic frontier analysis; subsequently, the extent of the RE is quantified. In addition, the study explores the non-linear relationship between EE and transport energy consumption (TEC) using income and green innovation as threshold variables. The results indicate a rebound effect of 84% for the BRICS panel, with country-specific estimates of 84% for Brazil, 64% for Russia, 88% for India, 72% for China, and 105.9% for South Africa. The analysis further reveals that the rebound effect intensifies beyond the threshold income level, whereas green innovation plays a mitigating role. These findings underscore the need for stringent and targeted transport energy efficiency policies. In particular, fostering green technological innovation and addressing income-related disparities are critical for mitigating the rebound effect and achieving sustainable energy savings in the transport sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48378,"journal":{"name":"Transport Policy","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 104058"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resilience-oriented recovery strategies for crude oil maritime transportation networks of importing countries using mass tanker trajectory data","authors":"Ruibin Si ,&nbsp;Peng Jia ,&nbsp;Shuang Yuan ,&nbsp;Wan Su ,&nbsp;Xueting Zhao ,&nbsp;Qifei Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2026.104088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2026.104088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Maritime crude oil transportation network (COMTN) underpins energy security for importing countries, yet the post-disruption recovery phase of the network remains underexplored. The COMTN exhibits pronounced asymmetric flow dynamics and depends on coordinated actions by multiple stakeholders. To address this gap, we propose a novel resilience optimization model that integrates four stakeholder-oriented response strategies led by nation's decision. We construct a high-fidelity real-world COMTN model from crude oil tanker AIS data, explicitly representing both laden and ballast voyages, distinguishing direct return voyages (DRVs) from indirect return voyages (IRVs), and estimating the time cost of IRVs using a semi-Markov chain. Using China as a representative importing country and processing tanker trajectories for 2023, we apply the model to evaluate recovery performance under alternative disruption scenarios, uncovering distinct recovery priorities and strategy-dependent resilience characteristics of China's COMTN. The result shows that, for China's COMTN, the generalized cost based (GC-based) response strategy delivers the highest resilience across disruption scenarios. The ports and transport links in Northeast Asia, as well as the routes crossing the Strait of Hormuz, the Strait of Malacca and the Taiwan Strait, are consistently assigned high recovery priority. The proposed framework and findings provide practical guidance for importing countries to design more effective COMTN recovery plans and to enhance network resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48378,"journal":{"name":"Transport Policy","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 104088"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147385988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}