Transport Policy最新文献

{"title":"How the establishment of carbon emission trading system affects ship emission reduction strategies designed for sulfur emission control area","authors":"Tingsong Wang ,&nbsp;Peiyue Cheng ,&nbsp;Yadong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2024.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2024.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the backbone of the international seaborne trade, the pollution and emission from shipping are highly concerned by governments and international organizations as well. The International Maritime Organization has designated five emission control areas (ECAs) to limit sulfur oxides emissions of ships. Meanwhile, the European Union has included the shipping industry in the EU Emission Trading System since 2024 to control their carbon emissions. The strategies like switching fuel, installing scrubber or detour, are commonly used to comply with the ECA regulation, but they may increase carbon emissions and possibly incur extra carbon trading cost. In this case, the shipping company should investigate the influence of marine emission trading system (METS) on emission reduction strategies used under ECA regulation. Therefore, this paper focuses on this problem and formulates it as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming model. Several numerical experiments are conducted to show the applicability of the proposed model. The results show that ship's detour behavior is inevitable under the ECA regulation, which incurs more carbon emissions. When METS regulation is not considered, the optimal emission reduction strategy is installing scrubber. In contrast, when METS regulation is considered, the optimal choice may be installing scrubber or fuel switching depending on different sailing route, which indicates the effect of METS on ship emission reduction strategy. Moreover, the fleet deployment and sailing speed of scrubber installation strategy are affected by METS regulation, while the strategies of fuel switching and using LNG-powered ship are almost unaffected. This indicates that installing scrubber is more easily affected by emission control policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48378,"journal":{"name":"Transport Policy","volume":"160 ","pages":"Pages 138-153"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing purchase intentions of used electric vehicles through consumer experiences: A structural equation modeling approach","authors":"Abbas Sheykhfard ,&nbsp;Mohammad Azmoodeh ,&nbsp;Subasish Das ,&nbsp;Boniphace Kutela","doi":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2024.10.038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2024.10.038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transition rate to electric vehicles (EVs) has accelerated globally as indicated by a notable rise in the number of used EVs in the market. However, most existing studies focused on the attributes related to the new EVs. This study explores the factors influencing consumer purchase intentions of used EVs using structural equation modeling (SEM). Drawing on a survey of 992 used EV owners in the United States, the research examines the impact of sociodemographic characteristics, purchase details, information sources, pre-purchase concerns, current driving and charging experiences, and future purchase intentions. The findings reveal that charging ease has the strongest positive direct effect on future purchase intentions, while information sources and driving experience show negative direct effects. Sociodemographic characteristics and pre-purchase concerns indirectly influence future intentions through other factors. More specifically, income level, education, and Hispanic ethnicity positively contribute to the sociodemographic profile of EV owners. Further, traditional media plays a significant role in disseminating EV information, although online searches show a negative relationship with information source engagement. This comprehensive approach provides a nuanced understanding of the dynamics within the used EV market, ultimately supporting sustainable transportation initiatives. The study highlights the importance of addressing charging infrastructure, battery performance, and affordability concerns to enhance the used EV market's growth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48378,"journal":{"name":"Transport Policy","volume":"160 ","pages":"Pages 125-137"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Policy implications of electrifying land freight transport towards carbon-neutral in China","authors":"Jiaqi Qian ,&nbsp;Ge Wang ,&nbsp;Ting Yin ,&nbsp;Yuxuan Mao ,&nbsp;Siyuan Chen ,&nbsp;Yan Li ,&nbsp;Jiangfeng Liu ,&nbsp;Qi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2024.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2024.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrification is currently the most promising technology for decarbonizing the land transport sector in China. Economic incentives and regulatory measures have been proposed or adopted to promote electric trucks and trains. However, the policy pathway to carbon neutrality and its costs and benefits remain unclear. An integrated dynamic economic-environmental assessment model for the land freight transport sector is proposed and applied to simulate the impact of different policy pathways during 2021–2060. The results show that China's land freight transport sector could reach carbon peak between 2029 and 2040, while becoming carbon neutral by 2060, with the average carbon abatement cost ranging from 2346 to 61 RMB/t. Due to the high carbon intensity of the current electricity system and the high cost of electric trucks, promoting electrification in the land freight transport sector before 2031 is neither economic nor environmentally friendly. However, from a long-term perspective, the hurry-up electrification could save 5.34 Gt of the total carbon budget at the cost of emitting 0.49 Gt more CO₂ in the first decade (2021–2030) and spending 74.42 trillion RMB more in accumulated investment compared to the delayed electrification scenario. Policymakers should pay attention to such trade-offs between short-term and long-term benefits. The impacts of other key features of the policy pathway towards carbon neutrality of the land freight sector, such as the road-to-tail ratio and the growth rate of freight turnover, were also analyzed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48378,"journal":{"name":"Transport Policy","volume":"160 ","pages":"Pages 116-124"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wireless charging facility location decision in the context of microscopic traffic dynamics","authors":"Ning Guo ,&nbsp;Changmin Jiang ,&nbsp;Liquan Guo ,&nbsp;Xiang Ling ,&nbsp;Chaoyun Wu ,&nbsp;Qingyi Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The battery electric vehicle (BEV) is one of the viable alternatives to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEV), and it is promoted to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from road transportation. However, the long charging time and insufficient charging facilities lead to “range anxiety”, inhibiting the development of BEVs. Wireless charging (WC) technology has begun to be applied to BEV, helping achieve dynamic recharging when vehicles move on the roadway. An adequate deployment of WC facilities allows BEV travelers to complete trips without needing to stop for recharging. Thus, the WC facility location decision is an essential optimization problem to solve before the technology matures and the facilities are installed. As the vehicle dynamics, such as speed and acceleration, depend on the traffic state, the energy consumption is also dynamic. The deployment of WC facilities based on constant speed and energy consumption may not satisfy the charging needs, and energy stored in the battery can even run out during the trip. Microscopic traffic dynamics are considered in the location optimization problem of the WC facility by introducing a car-following simulation. At a given BEV battery capacity and WC facility number, the shortest length of each facility allowing no-stopping recharging is calculated by the bisection method. With an increase in BEV demand, the societal cost (including both BEVs and WC facilities) increases, but BEV battery capacity reduces, and both WC facility number and length rise based on the optimization method. Similar tendencies emerge even if the drivers have heterogeneity of aggressive or nonaggressive driving behavior. Policy implications (including WC facility replacement and renovation, financial support, safety-driving advertisements, and legal punishment policies) are proposed to promote the development of WC facilities. Our research outcomes can provide a logical design framework for commercializing and deploying the WC system and further reduce the greenhouse emissions of the transport industry by increasing the penetration rate of electric vehicles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48378,"journal":{"name":"Transport Policy","volume":"160 ","pages":"Pages 107-115"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of the U.S.-China trade war on air and ocean shipments","authors":"Li Zou ,&nbsp;Martin E. Dresner ,&nbsp;Chunyan Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper estimates the impact of the U.S.-China trade war and the consequent increase in trade costs on air and ocean shipments between the two countries. Using panel data covering U.S. exports and imports with its trading partners from 2016 to 2021, we estimate gravity models and find evidence showing negative impacts of the trade war on both U.S. imports from China and U.S. exports to China. However, there are differential impacts on air shipments and ocean shipments. Specifically, we find that U.S. tariff increases on Chinese goods primarily had a negative effect on air imports from China, whereas China's retaliatory tariffs on U.S. goods mainly had a negative impact on U.S. ocean exports. These findings contribute to the growing body of evidence on the effects of the U.S.-China trade war, highlighting the varying impacts of the trade war on different modes of transportation that drive the U.S.-China trade relationship.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48378,"journal":{"name":"Transport Policy","volume":"160 ","pages":"Pages 89-106"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What drives inequalities in Low Emission Zones’ impacts on job accessibility?","authors":"Charlotte Liotta","doi":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2024.10.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2024.10.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low-emission zones (LEZs) aim to improve urban air quality and reduce emissions but often face public opposition due to their regressive impacts on accessibility. However, the causes of these regressive impacts remain poorly understood. This study investigates the factors driving inequalities in the impacts of LEZs on job accessibility across occupational categories in eight French cities. Using ex-ante open-source data, it computes expected job accessibility losses due to LEZs per occupational category. Additionally, it provides a counterfactual decomposition of the disparities in LEZs’ impacts between six drivers: ownership of polluting vehicles, workers’ residences and workplaces within the LEZ, accessibility of workers’ homes and workplaces via public transportation, and feasibility of active transportation modes for commuting between homes and workplaces. The findings reveal that LEZs are predominantly regressive in six out of the eight cities examined. Despite a higher concentration of high-income workers and jobs within LEZs, resulting in significant accessibility losses for this group, low-income workers bear a greater burden due to the limited availability of public transportation near their residences and workplaces, longer commutes to work, and higher shares of polluting vehicles. These findings help inform potential complementary policies to address the regressive effects of LEZs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48378,"journal":{"name":"Transport Policy","volume":"160 ","pages":"Pages 29-41"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wild goose chase or not? Equilibrium in a hybrid ride-hailing market","authors":"Xiang Li,&nbsp;Jingyun Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2024.10.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2024.10.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We consider a hybrid ride-hailing platform, such as Uber, Lyft, and Didi, offering passengers the choice between a ride-sourcing service and a ride-pooling service. A passenger who chooses the ride-sourcing service can enjoy the trip alone, while passengers who pool can benefit from a lower trip fare; however, the latter may take more travel time (i.e., waiting time and in-vehicle time) and may require passengers to share their ride with strangers. When a passenger is matched to a distant driver, the ride-sourcing or ride-pooling service may get stuck in an inefficient <em>wild-goose-chase</em> (WGC) regime, wherein the driver spends a lot of time picking up passengers. To explore the non-WGC regime of ride-sourcing and ride-pooling services in the hybrid ride-hailing market, we build an equilibrium model that maximizes the profit of the platform, obtain the optimal trip fares of the two services, derive the non-WGC conditions for both services, and then compare them to those in the single market. We find that the interaction between the two services not only contributes to demand shifting effect, which adjusts fares and promotes differentiated pricing strategies, but also alters the non-WGC conditions of each service in the hybrid market, deepening their interdependence so that the waiting time of one service has a non-monotonic effect on the non-WGC regime of the alternative service. Moreover, benefiting from the coordinated complementarity of the two services with each other, passenger demand is more evenly distributed, which enhances real capacity and turnover, reduces the waiting time threshold (WTT) for each service to fall into the WGC regime under the mild condition, and contributes to travel efficiency overall. Such advantages of market diversity lay a solid foundation for ride-hailing market platforms to be able to offer more diverse service options.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48378,"journal":{"name":"Transport Policy","volume":"160 ","pages":"Pages 73-88"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is port integration a panacea for regions green development: An empirical study of China port city","authors":"Qifei Ma ,&nbsp;Sujuan Li ,&nbsp;Peng Jia ,&nbsp;Haibo Kuang","doi":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2024.10.036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2024.10.036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Port integration (PI) can eradicate homogeneity and disorderly competition, realize the green intensive development of port cities, and is a crucial step in enhancing port competitiveness. This paper builds an assessment framework for green development efficiency (GDE) that takes social welfare, environmental regulation, economic growth into account, and uses the Super-SBM model to calculate the GDE based on panel data from 113 Chinese port cities from 2003 to 2020. Furthermore, the influence of PI on the GDE of port cities and its transmission mechanism is assessed using the PSM-DID model. The results show that the GDE of port cities has a fluctuating upward trend, but the overall level is low, and the social development index (SDI) can effectively improve the efficiency level. PI can significantly improve the urban GDE, and various robust results show that the above conclusions are credible. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that PI contributes more to the GDE of inland port cities than it does to coastal port cities. The GDE of the small-medium sized cities can be greatly enhanced by PI, and the results are better when the \"Government driven + market decided\" pattern is used. PI encourages technology innovation, which can enhance the urban GDE. Finally, some policy recommendations are made to encourage the excellent development of Chinese port cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48378,"journal":{"name":"Transport Policy","volume":"160 ","pages":"Pages 15-28"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-level governance and modal thinking: Tensions in electric mobility transitions in European cities","authors":"Hannah Budnitz ,&nbsp;Marek Jaskólski ,&nbsp;Marianne Knapskog ,&nbsp;Aleksandra Lis-Plesińska ,&nbsp;Filip Schmidt ,&nbsp;Rafał Szymanowski ,&nbsp;Jasmijn van der Craats ,&nbsp;Tim Schwanen","doi":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2024.10.035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2024.10.035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Innovations around electric vehicle (EV) technology are viewed as a promising pathway to rapidly decarbonise transport systems in transition studies. However, the mobility histories and path dependencies that shape these transitions are spatially uneven both horizontally across different geographies and vertically between different scales of authority and responsibility. As such, they are rooted in the assumptions and power relations that underlay the policy processes of city and metropolitan governance. This study takes the novel approach of comparing these processes both horizontally between cities and vertically between levels of government. The analysis is based on 50 expert interviews with local and national actors involved in delivering policy related to electric mobility in four European cities: Bristol, United Kingdom; Oslo, Norway; Poznań, Poland, and Utrecht, Netherlands. In all four cities, national, inter- and supra-national pressures generate a perception among some interviewees that the transition to electric mobility, and particularly the electrification of private cars, is inevitable. Yet because modal thinking permeates urban transport policymaking, the majority of our experts define sustainable and just urban mobility as that involving modes other than the private car. A key contribution of this study is revealing this tension between national EV priorities and urban aims to reduce car traffic, which subconsciously influences local policymakers’ perceptions of the transition to electric mobility. The study also offers new insights into how city and metropolitan policymakers can be more inclusive, innovative, and locally-responsive in shaping policies for accommodating both EVs and new modes like e-scooters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48378,"journal":{"name":"Transport Policy","volume":"160 ","pages":"Pages 63-72"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decarbonization costs for the Swedish heavy-duty road fleet: Circular economy insights on electric truck batteries","authors":"Elmira Parviziomran,&nbsp;Rickard Bergqvist","doi":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2024.10.033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2024.10.033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study analyzes decarbonization costs for the Swedish heavy-duty road fleet under five scenarios, one taken from the EUCalc model as a reference scenario and four others driven by interviews: a high-speed transition with 100% battery electric vehicles (BEVs) across all distances; a high-speed transition with BEVs taking 100% of the market in local and regional distances and 40% in long distances, with the remaining 60% being fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) by 2050; a low-speed transition with BEVs market share increasing by 15% every five years, starting at 10% from 2025 for local and 2030 for regional and long distances; and a low-speed transition similar to the previous scenario, but with 60% of the electrified long-distance fleet to be FCVs. The system's expenses are then calculated through numerical modeling. The study links research on the costs of sustainability transition to a circular economy by analyzing the effect of charging range and temperature on battery degradation for BEVs and their impact on the batteries' valorization. In full electrification scenarios, despite lower operating expenses, the system incurs a higher total cost because of higher investment expenses. Charging–discharging pattern and temperature impact the remaining capacity, and therefore salvage value, of end-of-life batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48378,"journal":{"name":"Transport Policy","volume":"160 ","pages":"Pages 1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}