Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung最新文献_第4页

Probing instructed but unnecessary switches of attentional strategy. 探查指示但不必要的注意力策略转换。

IF 2.3 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02147-8

Svantje T Kähler, Mike Wendt, Aquiles Luna-Rodriguez, Thomas Jacobsen

{"title":"Probing instructed but unnecessary switches of attentional strategy.","authors":"Svantje T Kähler, Mike Wendt, Aquiles Luna-Rodriguez, Thomas Jacobsen","doi":"10.1007/s00426-025-02147-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-025-02147-8","url":null,"abstract":"It is widely assumed that attentional strategies can be intentionally shifted. Experimental evidence of such adjustment stems almost exclusively from situations associated with changes concerning perceptual stimulus features, stimulus-related contingencies, or response demands, however. In a series of experiments, we investigated intention- (i.e., instruction-) based shifts of attentional strategy in the absence of additional changes in the task/stimulus environment compared with conditions associated with maintenance of the attentional strategy (i.e., keeping task stimuli, responses, stimulus-response assignments, and presentation contingencies constant for conditions of shift and maintenance). Our method involved a probe task procedure diagnostic of the attentional strategy applied (i.e., strong or weak focusing of visual attention on the centrally presented stimulus element). In Experiment 1, participants were instructed to change the strategy after the first half of the trials. Probe task results provided evidence for adherence to instruction. In Experiments 2 and 3, which involved presenting instructional cues on a trial-by-trial basis, adjustment of attentional strategy appeared confined to a high degree of motivation. Experiment 4 suggests the carryover of instructed attentional strategies to a following (probe task) trial when no novel instruction was presented. Our study demonstrates instruction-based shifts in attentional strategy that are discernably unnecessary for solving the current task and occur without support from a change in the task/stimulus environment.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 4","pages":"119"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12238132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144585310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seeing the fours before the threes: investigating numerical signatures with hierarchical navon stimuli. 先看四后看三：用分层navon刺激研究数字特征。

IF 2.3 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02156-7

Valter Prpic, Arianna Felisatti, David Aagten-Murphy, Luisa Lugli, Martin H Fischer

{"title":"Seeing the fours before the threes: investigating numerical signatures with hierarchical navon stimuli.","authors":"Valter Prpic, Arianna Felisatti, David Aagten-Murphy, Luisa Lugli, Martin H Fischer","doi":"10.1007/s00426-025-02156-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-025-02156-7","url":null,"abstract":"When two numbers are compared, numerical processing signatures include the size effect (small numbers processed faster than large ones), the Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes (SNARC) effect (small numbers classified faster with left side than right side responses), and the distance effect (numbers farther from a reference processed faster than those closer). These signatures reflect single digit processing and their relevance for multi-digit processing relies on evidence from horizontal digit strings. In hierarchical displays, such as Navon stimuli, different information coexists at various spatial scales (local and global). Consequently, a single stimulus supports different processes depending on the attended scale. We examined number processing at two different spatial scales to investigate the influence of both the task relevant and irrelevant digits on processing signatures. We used hierarchical stimuli with symbolic numbers (1, 4, 6, 9) at global and local levels, such as a large \"global\" digit (e.g., 9) composed of smaller \"local\" digits (e.g., 1). Separate groups of participants classified either the global (N = 31) or local (N = 30) number magnitude relative to 5, ignoring the other scale. Consistent with Navon effects, we found faster processing for global than local stimuli and when global and local information matched. Both groups demonstrated significant SNARC and distance effects, but only the local group showed size effects. Notably, local numbers were classified faster even when the global number required the same response. Overall, these results indicate that numerical processing operates concurrently at different spatial scales, though local information is particularly vulnerable to interference from global context. This underscores the complex interplay between global and local processing in numerical cognition.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 4","pages":"121"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144585311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the effects of mapping rule switching on motor preparation in young and older adults: evidence from combining response cuing and task switching methodology. 探索映射规则转换对年轻人和老年人运动准备的影响：来自反应线索和任务转换方法结合的证据。

IF 2.3 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02150-z

Jos J Adam, Iring Koch

{"title":"Exploring the effects of mapping rule switching on motor preparation in young and older adults: evidence from combining response cuing and task switching methodology.","authors":"Jos J Adam, Iring Koch","doi":"10.1007/s00426-025-02150-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-025-02150-z","url":null,"abstract":"This study explored the effect of mapping rule switching on motor preparation in young and older adults. Motor preparation was indexed by performance in the finger cuing task, which is a cued 4-choice reaction time (RT) task requiring a single keypress with 1 of 4 fingers (index and middle fingers of both hands). Mapping rule switching required switching between two possible mapping rules implemented via spatially compatible procues and spatially incompatible anticues. These informative cues preceded the target signal at five different time intervals (100-850 ms) to assess the temporal dynamics of preparatory control relative to a non-informative (control) cue. In the single-mapping condition, procues and anticues were administered in separate trial blocks. In the mixed-mapping condition, procues and anticues were randomly intermixed, with a mapping rule cue appearing at trial onset. Analyses of (absolute) RTs and (proportional) cuing effects in single-mapping and mixed-mapping conditions revealed greater preparation benefits for procues than anticues (only at short preparation intervals), and smaller preparation benefits for older than younger adults (only at longer preparation intervals). In both age groups, switching between mapping rules in the mixed-mapping condition created mixing costs (relative to single-mapping), reflecting substantial deficits in motor preparation, and more so at longer preparation intervals where proactive control dominates. These findings reveal a strong impact of mapping rule switching on motor preparation. We propose that activating a new mapping rule and preparing an action both require updating operations in working memory that bias response selection mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 4","pages":"122"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12238206/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144585308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Flickering lenses enhance reading performance through placebo effect. 闪烁镜头通过安慰剂效应提高阅读性能。

IF 2.3 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02146-9

Sandro Franceschini, Giovanna Puccio, Sara Bertoni, Sara Mascheretti, Andrea Cappellini, Simone Gori, Andrea Facoetti

{"title":"Flickering lenses enhance reading performance through placebo effect.","authors":"Sandro Franceschini, Giovanna Puccio, Sara Bertoni, Sara Mascheretti, Andrea Cappellini, Simone Gori, Andrea Facoetti","doi":"10.1007/s00426-025-02146-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-025-02146-9","url":null,"abstract":"Developmental dyslexia (DD) is the most frequent neurodevelopmental disorder among school-age children. Traditional remediation programs for DD are rarely controlled for the placebo effect, raising the hypothesis that positive expectations might explain their efficacy. Wearing expensive flickering glasses has been associated with extraordinary improvements in reading skills. The placebo effect and efficacy of these glasses on reading performance were tested. A double blind within-subject experimental design was used in children with DD (n = 49; Experiment 1) and unselected young adults (n = 48; Experiment 2). Positive expectancy (placebo effect) improved word reading accuracy in young children with DD, with an effect size larger than those reported for gold-standard training programs. This improvement in reading accuracy was replicated in adult poor readers; whereas typical readers improved only in pseudoword decoding speed. Individually-tuned flickering glasses decreased the advantage of word reading over pseudoword reading (the lexicality effect) and predicted pseudoword decoding speed in children with DD. These findings cast shadows on the real efficacy of dyslexia standard training and highlight how the role of placebo effect in training for DD could be dramatically underestimated.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 4","pages":"120"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144585309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of impulsivity trait on prospective memory. 冲动性特质对前瞻记忆的影响。

IF 2.3 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-07-03 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02148-7

Yunfei Guo, Rongqian Li, Tongxuan Dang, Jiaqun Gan, Yongxin Li

{"title":"The effect of impulsivity trait on prospective memory.","authors":"Yunfei Guo, Rongqian Li, Tongxuan Dang, Jiaqun Gan, Yongxin Li","doi":"10.1007/s00426-025-02148-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-025-02148-7","url":null,"abstract":"Prospective memory (PM) is future-oriented memory that requires planning ahead, maintaining intention, recognizing cues, and responding correctly in time. PM tasks are susceptible to personality traits such as impulsivity. Barratt holds that impulsivity can be divided into three dimensions: non-planning impulsiveness, attentional impulsiveness, and motor impulsiveness. The characteristics of impulsive individuals in these three areas may contribute to their PM disadvantage. This study explored the impact of impulsivity on PM. Experiment 1 investigated the influence of impulsivity on PM under different attention load conditions. The results showed that the impulsive group was inferior only under the condition of high attention load; this effect was mainly related to the characteristics of attentional impulsiveness and motor impulsiveness. Experiment 2 explored the effect of impulsivity on PM under different response types, which were divided into delayed response condition and non-delayed response condition. The results showed that delayed response eliminated the impulsive individuals' deficiency in PM performance. This study focused on the influencing factors and processing mechanism by which impulsivity affects PM. It also found an effective method to improve the PM performance of impulsive individuals. These results have both theoretical and practical significance.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 4","pages":"118"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A virtual reality study on the relationship between explicit and implicit indices of creativity and explicit personality traits. 创造力外显、内隐指标与外显人格特质关系的虚拟现实研究。

IF 2.3 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02149-6

Chiara Lucifora, Aldo Gangemi, Carmelo M Vicario, Claudia Scorolli

{"title":"A virtual reality study on the relationship between explicit and implicit indices of creativity and explicit personality traits.","authors":"Chiara Lucifora, Aldo Gangemi, Carmelo M Vicario, Claudia Scorolli","doi":"10.1007/s00426-025-02149-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-025-02149-6","url":null,"abstract":"The connection between personality and creativity has long intrigued the scientific community, producing mixed findings on which specific personality traits influence creativity. To investigate this relationship more thoroughly, our study employs both explicit and implicit measures. Explicit measures include self-report questionnaires on personality, creativity and emotions, while implicit measures involve a virtual reality environment where users create artworks. This allows the creation of a realistic environment (Lucifora et al., Frontiers in Psychology, 15(1432141), 2024; Nucera, Preliminary Reports and Negative Results in Life Science and Humanities, 1(1), 2024; Vicario and Martino, AIMS Neurosci, 9(4), 454-459, 2022) enabling also an ontological analysis of their creation. Our study has two main. OBJECTIVES: First, examine the correlation between scores on personality traits and creativity traits; and second, to explore how personality traits may influence user's creative skills during a VR-based creative task. Our findings support previous studies on the relationship between extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness and creativity while also providing new insights into how personality shapes artistic skills.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 4","pages":"116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

"I did it before, so I can do it again(?)": Recalling success, expectations of future success and the impact of ease-of-retrieval and attributions. “我以前做过，所以我可以再做一次。”：回忆成功、对未来成功的期望以及易检索性和归因的影响。

IF 2.3 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02136-x

Adam Abdulla, Ruth Woods

{"title":"\"I did it before, so I can do it again(?)\": Recalling success, expectations of future success and the impact of ease-of-retrieval and attributions.","authors":"Adam Abdulla, Ruth Woods","doi":"10.1007/s00426-025-02136-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-025-02136-x","url":null,"abstract":"It is widely assumed that recalling past success raises expectations of future success (\"expectancy\"). However, experimental research investigating that assumption has generated mixed results. The present study examined two (meta)cognitive factors that may play a role during \"recall success\" interventions: ease-of-retrieval (i.e. the ease/difficulty with which success is recalled) and causal attributions (i.e. the factors to which the success is attributed). Three experiments were conducted with English-speaking adults across the world. After being asked to recall either attraction \"success(es)\" or attraction \"failure(s),\" participants reported the extent to which they expected to attract someone in the future (\"expectancy\"). Results suggest that difficulty in retrieving examples of success and failure to attribute recalled success to stable/general factors have a negative impact on expectancy. Moreover, individuals with low self-perceived mate value are apparently more likely to experience difficulty-in-retrieval and less likely to attribute (attraction) success to stable/general factors. Unless ease-of-retrieval and attributions are addressed, those most in need of an expectancy boost may not benefit from \"recall success\" interventions.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 4","pages":"117"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12222241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding abstract knowledge structures in implicit perceptual sequence learning. 内隐感知序列学习中抽象知识结构的理解。

IF 2.3 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02152-x

Catalina Duta, Natacha Deroost, Mahyar Firouzi, Frank Van Overwalle, Chris Baeken, Kris Baetens

{"title":"Understanding abstract knowledge structures in implicit perceptual sequence learning.","authors":"Catalina Duta, Natacha Deroost, Mahyar Firouzi, Frank Van Overwalle, Chris Baeken, Kris Baetens","doi":"10.1007/s00426-025-02152-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-025-02152-x","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional approaches to studying perceptual sequence learning (SL) often employ adaptations of the classical serial reaction time task, albeit these tasks suffer from confounding factors such as (oculo)motor learning effects. Unlike motor SL, the extent to which pure perceptual SL can occur implicitly without (oculo)motor learning remains uncertain. We adapted a previously formulated task (Garvert et al., eLife, 6, 1-20, 2017) to isolate perceptual sequence learning, without the interference of (oculo)motor confounds, and to determine whether perceptual sequence learning can occur implicitly. Fifty participants judged whether each object appeared in its original or mirrored form, gradually improving performance based on feedback. Unbeknownst to participants, the succession of these objects followed a probabilistic sequence. A training phase consisting of 8 regular blocks was followed by a testing phase, where 5 random and 5 regular blocks were presented alternatingly. A force-choice recognition test probing knowledge about specific transitions in the task was also used to assess explicit knowledge. Our findings indicate robust perceptual SL effects, as indicated by slower reaction times (RTs) in random blocks than regular blocks. Notably, transitions between objects with higher communicability (i.e., a metric of objects' connectedness within the underlying grid) showed lower RTs in regular, but not random blocks. This indicates that perceptual SL in our task may rely on strategic cognitive processes in response to violations of expectation. Importantly, our results also demonstrate that explicit knowledge of the underlying structure did not influence perceptual SL in any way, suggesting that learning was driven by implicit knowledge.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 4","pages":"115"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The baker's advice matters! Multiple anchoring in legal decision-making. 面包师的建议很重要！法律决策中的多重锚定。

IF 2.3 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-06-28 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02134-z

Aglaé Navarre, André Didierjean, Cyril Thomas

引用次数: 0

Disentangling the effects of task difficulty and effort on flow experience. 任务难度和努力对心流体验的影响。

IF 2.3 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-06-26 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02128-x

Hairong Lu, Dimitri Van der Linden, Arnold B Bakker

{"title":"Disentangling the effects of task difficulty and effort on flow experience.","authors":"Hairong Lu, Dimitri Van der Linden, Arnold B Bakker","doi":"10.1007/s00426-025-02128-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-025-02128-x","url":null,"abstract":"Flow, which is a rewarding state of full focus, typically arises when engaging in tasks with an optimal level of difficulty that is matched with a person's skill level. Meanwhile, optimal task difficulty usually comes with the greatest effort exertion. We propose that not only the difficulty level, but also the level of effort invested plays a role in the subjective feelings of flow. Using a visual discrimination task, we manipulated stimulus complexity and the expected probability of detecting a difference to induce and disentangle perceived task difficulty and effort exertion, respectively. Notably, perceived task difficulty increased proportionally with increasing stimulus complexity. Reaction time as an index of effort exertion, increased in challenging tasks with higher expectancy. Patterns of flow experience mirrored the observed shifts in effort exertion, suggesting a possible link between flow and effort. However, no parallel trend emerged in the physiological flow indicator, specifically the P300 amplitude. These findings highlight the intricate interplay between subjective experiences of task difficulty, exerted effort, and the subjective sense of being in 'flow'.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 4","pages":"113"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12202627/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144498442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0