Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung最新文献_第4页

Unravelling the small number bias: the role of pseudoneglect and frequency of use in random number generation. 揭示小数偏差：伪忽略和使用频率在随机数生成中的作用。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02101-8

Serena Mingolo, Valter Prpic, Alberto Mariconda, Tiziano Agostini, Mauro Murgia

{"title":"Unravelling the small number bias: the role of pseudoneglect and frequency of use in random number generation.","authors":"Serena Mingolo, Valter Prpic, Alberto Mariconda, Tiziano Agostini, Mauro Murgia","doi":"10.1007/s00426-025-02101-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-025-02101-8","url":null,"abstract":"When asked to produce random numbers individuals generate more small numbers than large ones, a phenomenon known as \"Small Number Bias\" (SNB; Loetscher & Brugger, 2007). This bias has been associated with a spatial preference known as \"pseudoneglect,\" where attention is biased towards the left side of the mental number line during numerical processing (Loetscher & Brugger, 2009). Another potential explanation for SNB is the higher frequency of use of small compared to large numbers in daily life (Dehaene & Mehler, 1992). This study aims to determine which of these two explanations better accounts for SNB. Participants were asked to generate random numbers from 1 to 12 while viewing either a regular or an inverted clockface. On a regular clockface smaller numbers are on the right, whereas on an inverted clockface they are on the left. Both theories predict SNB for the inverted clockface. However, for the regular clockface, frequency of use would predict SNB, while pseudoneglect would predict a bias towards larger numbers. Results showed SNB in the inverted clockface condition, but no bias in the regular clockface condition. These findings suggest that SNB arises when pseudoneglect and frequency of use align but is absent when they conflict. Overall, the results indicate that both pseudoneglect and frequency of use contribute to SNB in some degrees.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 2","pages":"76"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11937118/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Facial expression adaptation impairs perceived social signal across expressions. 面部表情适应削弱了通过表情感知的社会信号。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02094-4

Kazusa Minemoto, Yoshiyuki Ueda, Sakiko Yoshikawa

{"title":"Facial expression adaptation impairs perceived social signal across expressions.","authors":"Kazusa Minemoto, Yoshiyuki Ueda, Sakiko Yoshikawa","doi":"10.1007/s00426-025-02094-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-025-02094-4","url":null,"abstract":"Facial expressions provide crucial cues for assessing others' internal states, leading to appropriate responses to maintain social harmony. This study investigated how social signals evoked by facial expressions are perceived, focusing on their automatic triggering and relationship to the representations of the expressions by using adaptation aftereffect paradigm. Participants evaluated their perceived need for help and their motivation to provide help in response to sad and fearful expressions, both of which convey help signals, before and after adaptation. Accordingly, the ratings for perceived need for help for both sad and fearful expressions decreased following adaptation to sad expressions, indicating that perceived need for help was represented independently from the perception of test expressions. Additionally, this result also indicates that the need for help is automatically triggered during viewing sad facial expressions. However, the ratings for perceived need for help for fearful expressions alone decreased after adaptation to fearful expressions. The motivation to help remained unaffected by adaptation to sad or fearful expressions. Additional experiments demonstrated that impairment of perceived need for help occurs independently of the perceived intensity of the expressions and participants' moods. This study suggests that social signals can be represented independently from facial expressions, and facial expression adaptation paradigms can examine this possibility.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 2","pages":"73"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11933154/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emotion and motion: superior memory for emotional but not for moving stimuli. 情绪和运动：对情绪刺激的记忆优于对运动刺激的记忆。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02105-4

Adam W Cox, Paul Foret-Bruno, Inés Tchekemian Lanaspa, Isabella Zsoldos, Patrick S R Davidson, Hanna Chainay

{"title":"Emotion and motion: superior memory for emotional but not for moving stimuli.","authors":"Adam W Cox, Paul Foret-Bruno, Inés Tchekemian Lanaspa, Isabella Zsoldos, Patrick S R Davidson, Hanna Chainay","doi":"10.1007/s00426-025-02105-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-025-02105-4","url":null,"abstract":"Two effects on memory have been described in the literature: the emotional enhancement of memory (EEM) (i.e., an emotional stimulus is better remembered than a neutral stimulus) and the dynamic superiority effect (DSE) (i.e., a moving visual stimulus is better remembered than a static stimulus). However, the DSE has previously only been studied using complex visual stimuli (e.g., video clips). Thus, the first objective of the present study was to examine whether the DSE will be observed with simple visual stimuli (i.e., isolated moving stimuli). The second objective was to examine whether people's emotional memory will be affected by stimulus motion. We conducted three experiments, two using a free recall task, Experiment 1A (online) and 1B (in-person), and one using a recognition task (in-person). Participants viewed negative, positive, and neutral stimuli in two motion conditions, dynamic and static, and then had to recall or recognize them. In all three experiments, we observed an EEM but no DSE. Thus, our data verify that emotions affect memory performance but provide no evidence of motion effects on memory of simple stimuli.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 2","pages":"71"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11933217/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Practice makes perfect, but to what end? Computerised brain training has limited cognitive benefits in healthy ageing. 熟能生巧，但目的是什么呢？计算机化大脑训练对健康老龄化的认知益处有限。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02110-7

Emma Sutton, Jonathan Catling, Jet J C S Veldhuijzen van Zanten, Katrien Segaert

{"title":"Practice makes perfect, but to what end? Computerised brain training has limited cognitive benefits in healthy ageing.","authors":"Emma Sutton, Jonathan Catling, Jet J C S Veldhuijzen van Zanten, Katrien Segaert","doi":"10.1007/s00426-025-02110-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-025-02110-7","url":null,"abstract":"Whether brain training programmes are effective and have transferable benefits to wider cognitive abilities is controversial, especially in older adult populations. We assessed, in a randomised controlled intervention study, whether a commercially available brain training programme can induce cognitive improvements in a sample of healthy older adults (N = 103). Participants completed a three-month intervention of either an adaptive computerised cognitive training programme (through a brain training app) or active control. Cognition was measured through a comprehensive battery of tasks pre- and post-intervention to assess working memory, processing speed, attention, and language functioning. Participants in the intervention group significantly improved on all tasks that were trained specifically within the brain training programme (i.e. practice effects). However, for the cognitive tasks assessed pre- and post-intervention there was no evidence of any of these practice effects transferring to improvements in cognitive outcome measures compared to the active control group (i.e. transfer effects). Our results indicate that the benefits of brain training programmes appear to be limited to practice effects of trained tasks, while no evidence is found for transfer effects to other, related or unrelated, untrained cognitive tasks.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 2","pages":"75"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11933127/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does preparation generate the cost of task switching? A recipe for a switch cost after cue-only trials. 准备工作会产生任务转换成本吗？纯线索试验后切换成本的秘诀。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02107-2

Motonori Yamaguchi, Rachel Swainson

{"title":"Does preparation generate the cost of task switching? A recipe for a switch cost after cue-only trials.","authors":"Motonori Yamaguchi, Rachel Swainson","doi":"10.1007/s00426-025-02107-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-025-02107-2","url":null,"abstract":"A switch cost can be observed in cued task-switching on trials that follow a cue-only trial, which presents a task cue indicating a task to be performed but does not present a target stimulus to be responded to. This finding has provided important implications as to the source of the performance cost that emerges when switching tasks. However, cue-only trials differ from completed trials (for which the target occurs and is responded to) in several task parameters, and there are a few untested assumptions about a task-switch cost after cue-only trials, which restricted the conditions under which cue-only trials have been used. The present study first examined whether a switch cost emerged after cue-only trials when cue-only trials were matched with completed trials in as many task parameters as possible, and found that an expected switch cost following cue-only trials was absent in response time. In the subsequent six experiments, we explored critical task parameters to obtain a switch cost after cue-only trials. The present results indicate that the use of a short preparation interval was an important factor and that the switch cost was more short-lived and dissipated more quickly after cue-only trials than after completed trials. These outcomes are consistent with the proposal that there are at least two sources of a task-switch cost, one that originates from processing a task cue and another that originates from performing a cued task. Early processes of task preparation (e.g., cue or task identification) may be sufficient to produce the switch cost after cue-only trials, but response-related processes might generate a more persistent switch cost.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 2","pages":"72"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11933230/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Automatic imitation of vocal actions is unaffected by group membership. 声音动作的自动模仿不受群体成员身份的影响。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02104-5

Antony S Trotter, Hannah Wilt, Patti Adank

{"title":"Automatic imitation of vocal actions is unaffected by group membership.","authors":"Antony S Trotter, Hannah Wilt, Patti Adank","doi":"10.1007/s00426-025-02104-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-025-02104-5","url":null,"abstract":"Converging evidence from behavioural, neuroimaging, and neurostimulation studies demonstrates that action observation engages corresponding action production mechanisms, a phenomenon termed covert or automatic imitation. Behaviourally, automatic imitation is measured using the stimulus response compatibility (SRC) task, in which participants produce vocal responses whilst perceiving compatible or incompatible speech distractors. Automatic imitation is measured as the difference in response times (RT) between incompatible and compatible trials. It is unclear if and how social group membership, such as the speaker's sex, affects automatic imitation. Two theoretical accounts make different predictions regarding effects of group membership: the first predicts that automatic imitation can be modulated by group membership, while the second predicts that automatic imitation likely remains unaffected. We tested these predictions for participant sex and distractor sex in an online vocal SRC task. Female and male participants completed an SRC task presenting female or male distractor stimuli. The results show that automatic imitation is not modulated by group membership as signalled by sex. Implications of these results regarding the nature of automatic imitation as a largely stimulus-driven process are considered.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 2","pages":"74"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11933201/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transcoding number words to typed multi-digit numerals: revisiting the strange case in Arabic bilinguals. 将数字字转码为输入的数位数字：重新审视阿拉伯双语者的奇怪情况。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02097-1

Maisam Hayek, Shoshi Dorfberger, Zohar Eviatar, Avi Karni

{"title":"Transcoding number words to typed multi-digit numerals: revisiting the strange case in Arabic bilinguals.","authors":"Maisam Hayek, Shoshi Dorfberger, Zohar Eviatar, Avi Karni","doi":"10.1007/s00426-025-02097-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-025-02097-1","url":null,"abstract":"Language-specific effects are observed in the performance of numerical tasks. We evaluated the effect of the number word system (non-inverted; decade-unit format HDU vs inverted; unit-decade format HUD) in multi-digit numbers on transcoding performance among Arabic-Hebrew bilingual university students. Both languages are written right-to-left, but only in Arabic the sequence of number words is inverted, with units stipulated before decades (e.g. 'four-and-twenty'). Previously we (Hayek et al., Writing Systems Research 11:188-202, 2019) addressed the effect of the number word system on transcoding by handwriting while in the present study, participants were asked to type the numerals. We found that the transcoding ability of verbally presented numbers in the standard inverted format, of bilingual adult native speakers of Arabic was inferior to their ability to transcode multi-digit number words in Arabic in a nonstandard format (HDU). These results were replicated in the present study. In addition, we found that native speakers of Arabic were actually most fluent in transcoding when the number words were presented in Hebrew, a language in which they had high proficiency, and were equal in transcoding ability when number words were presented in English, a language in which they were less proficient. The results suggest that even in a highly proficient bilingual adult, transcoding routines may be affected by the number word system regardless of language dominance.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 2","pages":"70"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11906526/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143626579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The cognitive mechanisms of prospective memory in children with hearing impairment aged 13 to 16. 13 ~ 16岁听障儿童前瞻记忆的认知机制。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02099-z

Xing Jin, Jianghua Lei

引用次数: 0

Differences between children and young adults in the effects of difficulty and value of learning items on cognitive offloading strategies. 儿童和青年在学习项目难度和价值对认知卸载策略影响上的差异。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02100-9

Xiaoxiao Dong, Jiawei Wang, Qiang Xing, Jianjun Sun

{"title":"Differences between children and young adults in the effects of difficulty and value of learning items on cognitive offloading strategies.","authors":"Xiaoxiao Dong, Jiawei Wang, Qiang Xing, Jianjun Sun","doi":"10.1007/s00426-025-02100-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-025-02100-9","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive offloading refers to the use of external tools to assist in memory processes.This study investigates the effects of item difficulty and value on cognitive offloading during a word-pair learning task, comparing children and young adults in a context where both cues coexist. In Experiment 1, we examined the impact of difficulty and value cues on cognitive offloading using a 2 (difficulty: easy vs. difficult) × 2 (value: high vs. low) × 2 (age group: children vs. young adults) mixed design.The results indicated that young adults accounted for both difficulty and value cues in their cognitive offloading strategies, in contrast to children, who relied only on difficulty cues. In Experiment 2, we retained the experimental design of Experiment 1, with one notable change: difficulty and value cues were simultaneously displayed on the same interface. This change aimed to reduce working memory load, thereby helping children better perceive the value cues. Our results showed that when value and difficulty cues were presented on the same interface, children took both cues into account in their cognitive offloading decisions. In contrast, young adults were more influenced by the value of the learning items when adopting cognitive offloading strategies. We conducted an exploratory analysis to examine the impact of serial position on offloading decisions. The results showed that children were more likely to use cognitive offloading strategies for items from the early and middle positions than for those from the later positions. In contrast, young adults (as observed in Experiment 2) tended to use cognitive offloading strategies for items from the middle positions. Our findings suggest that age affects the utilization of cues in the strategies of cognitive offloading. We interpreted the observed differences in cognitive offloading strategies through the lens of developmental changes in metacognitive abilities.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 2","pages":"69"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143617647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimizing working memory assessment: development of shortened versions of complex spans, updating, and binding tasks. 优化工作记忆评估：开发缩短版的复杂跨度、更新和绑定任务。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-03-08 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02083-7

Fábio Monteiro, Letícia Botan Nascimento, José Augusto Leitão, Eduardo J R Santos, Paulo Rodrigues, Isabel M Santos, Fátima Simões, Carla S Nascimento

{"title":"Optimizing working memory assessment: development of shortened versions of complex spans, updating, and binding tasks.","authors":"Fábio Monteiro, Letícia Botan Nascimento, José Augusto Leitão, Eduardo J R Santos, Paulo Rodrigues, Isabel M Santos, Fátima Simões, Carla S Nascimento","doi":"10.1007/s00426-025-02083-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-025-02083-7","url":null,"abstract":"Given the lengthy administration of most working memory (WM) tasks, some researchers have developed reduced versions of these tests. However, they have focused primarily on complex spans. Recent studies suggested that estimating working memory capacity (WMC) using multiple tasks from different paradigms enhances measurement accuracy by isolating WMC variation from task- and paradigm-specific influences. Considering this, we evaluated whether complex spans, updating, and binding tasks could be shortened while maintaining robust psychometric properties. Participants completed full-length versions of tests from these paradigms, which were then segmented into early, intermediate, and later trial blocks. The shortened WM tasks were based on the early trial blocks. They accounted for most of the variance in a set of factor scores derived from the full-length versions of the WM tests (R2 = 0.90). Additionally, the shortened and full-length versions presented a similar ability to predict fluid intelligence (Gf). The shortened tasks reduced administration time by 35%, saving around 30 min. To help researchers select the most suitable combination of shortened and/or full-length tasks, we calculated the Gf and WMC variance predicted by every possible task combination and the respective administration time. We believe that the shortened WM tasks will be highly valuable to researchers, as they provide reliable and valid WMC estimates in a time-efficient manner. We also examined whether using tests from different paradigms provides better WMC estimates than employing collections of tasks from the same class. Our results confirmed this hypothesis, highlighting the importance of diverse task selection to accurately assess WMC.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 2","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11890332/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143582385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0