Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung最新文献

Enhancing memory through physical activity: beneficial effect on internal memory strategy use in older adults. 通过体育活动增强记忆：对老年人内部记忆策略使用的有益影响。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02132-1

Ilona Moutoussamy, Laurence Taconnat, Hajer Kachouri, Florent Pinard, Séverine Fay

{"title":"Enhancing memory through physical activity: beneficial effect on internal memory strategy use in older adults.","authors":"Ilona Moutoussamy, Laurence Taconnat, Hajer Kachouri, Florent Pinard, Séverine Fay","doi":"10.1007/s00426-025-02132-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-025-02132-1","url":null,"abstract":"The aim was to evaluate the use of an internal strategy (i.e., subjective organization) in relation to physical activity (PA) level in older adults. We expected (1) an effect of age on memory performance and subjective organization, in favor of younger adults, and (2) an association between PA and memory performance and between PA and organization index, particularly in older adults. Forty-five younger (M = 27.58 yo) and 45 older adults (M = 71.49 yo) learned a list of 19 semantically unrelated concrete nouns and took three consecutive recalls. An index was calculated from the order in which the words were recalled (pairwise frequency index, PFI). Participants reported their PA over the past year. Three General Linear Models were conducted to examine: (1) the effect of age and PFI on memory, (2) the effect of age and PA on memory, and (3) the effect of age and PA on PFI. Mediation analyses tested whether subjective organization (PFI) mediated the relationship between PA and memory recall. Younger adults recalled more words and used more subjective organization than older adults. In both age groups, those with better memory performance also used more subjective organization. Positive correlations were found between PA and memory performance in both younger and older adults, and between PA and subjective organization only in older adults. The mediation analysis revealed that PA's effect on memory was partially mediated by subjective organization, explaining 39% of the effect. The present study revealed that higher PA level in older adults was associated with increased recall and use of subjective organization strategy, addressing a gap in understanding the benefits of PA on memory during aging. The results are discussed in terms of the possible implication of executive functions, particularly for their role in implementing effective memory strategies during encoding.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 3","pages":"99"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144081412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Moral decision-making 'on the fly'. “匆忙”的道德决策。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02126-z

Petko Kusev, Rose Martin, Paul van Schaik, Joseph Teal

{"title":"Moral decision-making 'on the fly'.","authors":"Petko Kusev, Rose Martin, Paul van Schaik, Joseph Teal","doi":"10.1007/s00426-025-02126-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-025-02126-z","url":null,"abstract":"Over a century of research has focused on the consistency and inconsistency of human moral decision preferences. We proposed and found that moral decision preferences are flexible and shift towards newly learned moral rules when their application leads to utilitarian choices. Hence, decision-makers' psychological concept of morality is continually under construction (on the fly); based on learning, informed by changes in moral rules and specific moral contexts. Accordingly, in two experiments we developed and employed a two-stage supervised learning task, where participants learned novel moral rules based on corrective feedback of their moral decisions. Our empirical findings revealed that participants learn new moral rules, transfer these rules to tasks where no feedback is provided. However, participants make decisions based on the principle of maximizing utility rather than a learned rule when the rule conflicts with this principle, demonstrating further the flexibility of moral decision-making. In light of our proposal and findings that decision-makers' psychological concept of morality is continually under construction, moral decision-making researchers should integrate learning into their respective models and predictions.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 3","pages":"98"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12062067/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144003644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Can within-individual consistency in episodic recall be used to retrospectively estimate eyewitness memory? 情景回忆中的个体内部一致性能否用于回顾性地估计目击者的记忆？

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02124-1

Hsin-Hui Tsao, Philip Tseng

{"title":"Can within-individual consistency in episodic recall be used to retrospectively estimate eyewitness memory?","authors":"Hsin-Hui Tsao, Philip Tseng","doi":"10.1007/s00426-025-02124-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-025-02124-1","url":null,"abstract":"Eyewitness testimony is widely used in forensic scenarios and plays a crucial role for jurors in convictions. However, in the absence of ground truth for the crime, sometimes it is difficult for investigators to assess the accuracy of a particular eyewitness' testimony. In this study, we investigated whether it is possible to retrospectively assess an eyewitness' memory accuracy for the crime event (which presumably has no ground truth), with another staged mock event (that has ground truth). This possibility hinges upon the assumption that individuals are consistent in their memory performances across different episodic events. To test this assumption, our participants first witnessed a burglary theft on video, and were asked to recall details of the crime 24 h later. After one week, participants witnessed another burglary theft (i.e., the probe event) that were either visually dissimilar (Experiment 1) or highly similar (Experiment 2) as the target crime, and were tested on their memory accuracy 24 h later. In both experiments, we observed significant correlation between memory accuracies of the crime and the probe event, and such correlation seemed to be mostly driven by participants' memory for details that are central to the crime rather than peripheral details. Importantly, Experiment 2 not only replicated findings from Experiment 1, but also showed stronger correlation, suggesting that highly similar probe event may be preferable for field use. These results demonstrate that individual differences, as well as its consistency across multiple events, can be capitalized for eyewitness screening.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 3","pages":"97"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144042039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Asymmetrical monitoring of subjective asynchronies: a metacognitive generalized STEARC effect. 主观异步的不对称监测：元认知广义STEARC效应。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02123-2

Tutku Öztel, Martin Wiener, Fuat Balcı

{"title":"Asymmetrical monitoring of subjective asynchronies: a metacognitive generalized STEARC effect.","authors":"Tutku Öztel, Martin Wiener, Fuat Balcı","doi":"10.1007/s00426-025-02123-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-025-02123-2","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies have demonstrated that human participants can keep track of the magnitude and direction of their trial-to-trial errors in temporal, spatial, and numerical estimates, collectively referred to as \"metric error monitoring.\" These studies investigated metric error monitoring in an explicit timing/counting context. However, many of our judgments may also depend on temporal mismatches between stimuli where the temporal information is not processed explicitly, which eventually brings about the simultaneity perception. We investigated whether participants can monitor errors in their simultaneity perception. We tested participants in temporal orer judgment (TOJ) task, where they judged which of the two consecutive stimuli (one on each side of the screen) appeared first and reported their confidence rating for each TOJ. The results of all four experiments showed that the confidence judgements for correct judgments increased and for incorrect judgments decreased with longer absolute SOA. A more granular analysis showed that participants could only monitor their errors for left-first and bottom-first judgments, which suggests a metacognitive spatial-temporal association of response codes (STEARC) effect.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 3","pages":"96"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12037655/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144003670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An upper temporal limit of action-effect integration as reflected by motor adaptation. 动作-效果整合的时间上限，反映在运动适应上。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02121-4

Márta Volosin, Olivér Nagybányai Nagy, Bence Neszmélyi, János Horváth

{"title":"An upper temporal limit of action-effect integration as reflected by motor adaptation.","authors":"Márta Volosin, Olivér Nagybányai Nagy, Bence Neszmélyi, János Horváth","doi":"10.1007/s00426-025-02121-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-025-02121-4","url":null,"abstract":"Motor parameters of simple, repetitive actions like tapping, pinching, or pushing a button differ as a function of their action effects - adding a consistent, immediate sound-effect to such actions leads to a decrease in applied force. This action-effect related motor adaptation occurs only, however, when the sound-effect follows actions within about 200 ms, which has been hypothesized to reflect a temporal limit of action-effect integration. Using a university student sample, the present study replicated the effect of action-sound effect delays on force application. Furthermore, given that the perception of action-effect contingencies, and that of temporal relations are deteriorated in schizophrenia, we explored the relationship between the schizotypy trait and the duration of the action-effect related motor optimization window. Participants pinched a force sensitive device every 3 s on their own volition, which elicited a tone with a delay increasing from block to block in 70 ms steps from 0 to 560 ms. The applied force gradually increased with action-effect delay, with an estimated force optimization window size of 290 ms, confirming the importance of temporal contiguity in action-effect related motor adaptation. A Bayes-factor based analysis provided evidence for no correlation between the motor optimization window size and schizotypy.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 3","pages":"94"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12014811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144046469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

External focus strategy improves visuomotor control of gait in older adults. 外焦点策略改善老年人步态的视觉运动控制。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02122-3

Toby C T Mak, Thomson W L Wong, Melody C Y Leung, Duo W C Wong, Debbie C L Chan, Shamay S M Ng

{"title":"External focus strategy improves visuomotor control of gait in older adults.","authors":"Toby C T Mak, Thomson W L Wong, Melody C Y Leung, Duo W C Wong, Debbie C L Chan, Shamay S M Ng","doi":"10.1007/s00426-025-02122-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-025-02122-3","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Few studies have adopted external focus strategies to mitigate the negative effects of conscious movement processing in older adults. We investigated whether a single-session intervention (SSI) using an external focus could improve gait stability and visual search behaviors during adaptive locomotion in older adults.Methods: We randomly allocated 112 older adults to either an external focus (EXT, n = 56) or a control group (CON, n = 56). Participants performed an obstacle circumvention walking task along an 8-m walkway for five trials at pre-intervention (T0), post-intervention (T1), and retention (T2). The training phase consisted of 20 walking trials with obstacle circumvention. EXT focused on digits displayed on monitors at their path destinations during walking, while CON walked naturally without any specific instructions. Gait kinematics (i.e., gait variabilities and body sway) and visual search data were collected at T0, T1, and T2.Results: Only EXT reduced body sway and variability of spatial and temporal gait parameters, while increasing gait speed when comparing T1 and T2 to T0. EXT also reduced the number of visual fixation and fixation duration percentage on the ground while increasing fixation duration percentage on the destination when comparing T1 and T2 to T0.Conclusions: This study is the first to explore SSI with an external focus in older adults, providing evidence of significant improvements in gait stability and visual search behaviors that facilitate feedforward planning. Practicing with an external focus strategy could be recommended as an adjunctive psychomotor approach in clinical settings to enhance visuomotor performance in older adults.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 3","pages":"95"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12014841/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144045877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is letter position coding a unique skill for developing and adult readers in early word processing? Evidence from masked priming. 字母位置编码是早期文字处理的发展中和成年读者的独特技能吗？来自掩蔽启动的证据。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02080-w

Pablo Gómez, Ana Marcet, Francisco Rocabado, Manuel Perea

{"title":"Is letter position coding a unique skill for developing and adult readers in early word processing? Evidence from masked priming.","authors":"Pablo Gómez, Ana Marcet, Francisco Rocabado, Manuel Perea","doi":"10.1007/s00426-025-02080-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-025-02080-w","url":null,"abstract":"Reading words in alphabetic scripts requires encoding the relative order of the letters. This process of letter position coding is known to be flexible. For instance, the masked transposed-letter prime jugde activates the word JUDGE to a greater degree than a replacement-letter prime like jupte, a phenomenon known as the transposed-letter effect. In this study, we investigated whether the transposed-letter effect in masked priming is related to reading skills (as measured by a standardized reading test) in a sample of sixth-grade children. Targets (e.g., RITME: Catalan for rhythm) were preceded by identity primes (ritme), transposed-letter primes (rimte), or replacement-letter primes (risle) in a sandwich priming paradigm. Results showed that transposed-letter primes were more effective than replacement-letter primes but less effective than identity primes. More importantly, while the readers' reading skills modulated overall latency and accuracy, we found no evidence that the participants' reading skill modulated the size of the priming effects. This outcome prompted us to re-analyze analogous conditions in a masked priming mega-study with approximately 1000 adult participants (Adelman et al. Behav Res Methods 46(4):1052-1067, 2014), where we found a near-zero correlation between the size of transposed-letter priming and spelling and vocabulary tests. These findings suggest that if there are individual differences in the first moments of word processing, these are not detectable for neurotypical readers in laboratory tasks.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 3","pages":"93"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144021967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effects of acute exercise on memory: considerations for exercise duration and participant body mass index. 急性运动对记忆的影响：考虑运动时间和参与者的身体质量指数。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-04-19 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02120-5

Zakary Patrick, Myungjin Jung, Terry McMorris, Paul D Loprinzi

{"title":"The effects of acute exercise on memory: considerations for exercise duration and participant body mass index.","authors":"Zakary Patrick, Myungjin Jung, Terry McMorris, Paul D Loprinzi","doi":"10.1007/s00426-025-02120-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-025-02120-5","url":null,"abstract":"Acute moderate-intensity exercise has been demonstrated to improve memory performance. It is less clear, however, whether the duration of acute exercise and body mass index (BMI) may moderate this effect. Thus, the purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of differing exercise durations (20- and 40-minutes) on immediate and long-term memory performance, while considering BMI as a moderating factor in this exercise duration and memory performance relationship. Twenty-three young healthy adults participated in a within-subjects experiment. Participants completed four different experimental visits including either exercising at a moderate intensity (or standing on a treadmill) for 20- or 40-minutes, followed by an immediate free-recall memory assessment and then a delayed 24-hr recall. Acute moderate-intensity exercise improved memory performance, regardless of the duration of exercise. Further, long-term memory performance was greater for individuals with a higher BMI when they engaged in shorter (20 min) exercise compared to longer (40 min) exercise.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 3","pages":"91"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12009224/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144042040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development and sensory channel feedback effects in children's number line estimation: evidence from both bounded and unbounded number estimation tasks. 儿童数轴估计的发展和感觉通道反馈效应：来自有界和无界数轴估计任务的证据。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-04-19 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02111-6

Tian-Ge Gao, Meng-Xia Li, Rui Zhang, Qiang Xu, Fu-Qiang Qiao

{"title":"Development and sensory channel feedback effects in children's number line estimation: evidence from both bounded and unbounded number estimation tasks.","authors":"Tian-Ge Gao, Meng-Xia Li, Rui Zhang, Qiang Xu, Fu-Qiang Qiao","doi":"10.1007/s00426-025-02111-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-025-02111-6","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to compare the development and sensory channel feedback effects in number line estimation between children in grades 2 and 4 through two experiments, using both bounded number line estimation (BNLE) tasks and unbounded number line estimation (UNLE) tasks, respectively. Both Experiment 1 and Experiment 2 employed a mixed design of 2 (Grade: Grade 2, Grade 4) × 3 (Feedback Channel: visual feedback, auditory feedback, audio-visual feedback) × 2 (Scale: small, 0-100; large, 0-1000). Grade and feedback channel were between-subjects factors, while scale was a within-subjects factor. The results showed that in the BNLE tasks, children in both grades demonstrate the ability to estimate numbers within the linear representation stage, with grade 2 estimating numbers on the range of 0-100, while grade 4 extends this to the range of 0-1000. However, children in grade 2 are still undergoing the transformation from logarithmic-linear representation to the range of 0-1000 in their number estimation. In the UNLE tasks, grade 4 children showed greater linear model explanatory power within the range of 0-10 and no significant difference in the range of 10-30. Grade 2 children lacked significant linear or logarithmic representation characteristics, suggesting a potential transition phase. Auditory feedback enhanced BNLE task performance, while visual feedback improved UNLE task performance. The findings indicate that primary school children tend to shift from logarithmic to linear representation in both tasks, with higher BNLE task accuracy. Feedback proves beneficial in enhancing estimation accuracy in both types of NLE tasks, and distinctive feedback channel effects emerge in BNLE and UNLE tasks due to the varying strategies employed by children in each task.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 3","pages":"92"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144046474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spatial coding of arithmetic operations in early learning: an eye tracking study in first-grade elementary school children. 算术运算的空间编码在早期学习中的应用：一年级小学生眼动追踪研究。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02119-y

Nicolas Masson, Christine Schiltz, Laurie Geers, Michael Andres

{"title":"Spatial coding of arithmetic operations in early learning: an eye tracking study in first-grade elementary school children.","authors":"Nicolas Masson, Christine Schiltz, Laurie Geers, Michael Andres","doi":"10.1007/s00426-025-02119-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-025-02119-y","url":null,"abstract":"A growing body of evidence indicates that mental calculation in adults is accompanied by horizontal attention shifts along a mental continuum representing the range of plausible answers. The fast deployment of spatial attention suggests a predictive role in guiding the search for the answer. The link between arithmetic and spatial functions is theoretically justified by the need to alleviate the cognitive load of mental calculation, but the question of how this link establishes during development gives rise to opposing views emphasizing either biological or cultural factors. The role of education, in particular, remains debated in the absence of data covering the period when children learn arithmetic. In this study, we measured gaze movements, as a proxy for attentional shifts, while first-grade elementary school children solved single-digit additions and subtractions. The investigation was scheduled only a few weeks after the formal teaching of symbolic subtraction to assess the role of spatial attention in early learning. Gaze patterns revealed horizontal- but not vertical- attentional shifts, with addition shifting the gaze more rightward than subtraction. The shift was observed as soon as the first operand and the operator were presented, corroborating the view that attention is used to predictively identify the portion of the numerical continuum where the answer is likely to be located, as adult studies suggested. The finding of a similar gaze pattern in adults and six-year-old children who have just learned how to subtract single digits challenges the idea that arithmetic problem solving requires intensive practice to be linked to spatial attention.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 3","pages":"90"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144064935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0