Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung最新文献

How do exergame training affect college students' spatial working memory? The differential role of cognitive engagement and exercise intensity. 游戏训练对大学生空间工作记忆的影响？认知参与和运动强度的不同作用。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-07-22 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02157-6

Chaoxin Ji, Jianqian Sun, Lianzhong Cao

{"title":"How do exergame training affect college students' spatial working memory? The differential role of cognitive engagement and exercise intensity.","authors":"Chaoxin Ji, Jianqian Sun, Lianzhong Cao","doi":"10.1007/s00426-025-02157-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-025-02157-6","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study examines how cognitive engagement and exercise intensity in exergame training differentially enhance spatial working memory (SWM) accuracy and reaction time among college students.Method: 156 college students were equally divided into four groups: low cognition-high intensity group (LCHI, 28 males and 11 females), high cognition-high intensity group (HCHI, 28 males and 11 females), low cognition-low intensity group (LCLI, 27 males and 12 females) and high cognition-low intensity group (HCLI, 28 males and 11 females). Each groups underwent exergame training, which was divided into a total of 8 weeks, 2 times per week, and the participants' SWM was assessed at four time points: baseline (T1), after one time of exergame training (T2), after 4 weeks of exergame training (T3), after 8 weeks of exergame training (T4).Results: A single session of exercise training was able to improve participants' SWM. Exercise intensity and cognitive engagement had different effects in college students' SWM, higher exercise intensity significantly reduced SWM reaction time, while higher cognitive engagement significantly improved SWM accuracy.Conclusion: High cognitive engagement improved SWM accuracy, while high exercise intensity reduced reaction time. Exergame training with high cognitive engagement and high exercise intensity had the best effect on improving college students' SWM.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 4","pages":"127"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144692057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inhibition and updating share common resources: Bayesian evidence from signal detection theory and drift diffusion model. 抑制和更新共享资源：来自信号检测理论和漂移扩散模型的贝叶斯证据。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-07-22 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02160-x

Yuhong Sun, Yaohui Lin, Shangfeng Han

{"title":"Inhibition and updating share common resources: Bayesian evidence from signal detection theory and drift diffusion model.","authors":"Yuhong Sun, Yaohui Lin, Shangfeng Han","doi":"10.1007/s00426-025-02160-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-025-02160-x","url":null,"abstract":"Inhibition and updating are fundamental cognitive functions in humans, yet the nature of their relationship-whether shared or distinct-remains ambiguous. This study investigates the relationship between inhibition and updating within a unified task framework using a novel paradigm that integrates the N-back task with the congruent/incongruent Stroop task, creating conditions that require either updating alone or both inhibition and updating. Employing Signal Detection Theory (SDT) and the hierarchical drift diffusion model (HDDM), the results provided overall extremely strong Bayesian evidence that participants exhibited longer response times and lower accuracy in conditions requiring both inhibition and updating, compared to those requiring only updating. SDT analysis revealed a decline in discriminability, while HDDM analysis showed slower drift rates, longer non-decision times and a lower decision threshold in inhibition-demanding conditions. Even after controlling for the congruency sequence effect and current stimulus attributes, the results remained robust, showing a larger inhibition effect size compared to the traditional Stroop task. These findings suggest that inhibition consumes cognitive resources, impairing updating performance, and implying that both functions may rely on shared cognitive resources. Overall, the results elucidate the relationship between these fundamental executive functions, supporting the notion that inhibition and updating share cognitive resources.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 4","pages":"128"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144692059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How does vertical reading affect saccade programming and lexical processing in the Roman script? 垂直阅读如何影响罗马文字的扫视编程和词汇处理？

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-07-22 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02154-9

Zeynep G Özkan, Jukka Hyönä, Maria Fernández-López, Manuel Perea

{"title":"How does vertical reading affect saccade programming and lexical processing in the Roman script?","authors":"Zeynep G Özkan, Jukka Hyönä, Maria Fernández-López, Manuel Perea","doi":"10.1007/s00426-025-02154-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-025-02154-9","url":null,"abstract":"Although computational models of eye movement control in reading have focused on horizontal text layouts, vertically oriented text is also encountered in daily life in the Roman script. To examine the interplay between saccade programming and lexical processing under vertical reading in the Roman script, we manipulated (1) the layout of words in a sentence (horizontal vs. vertical) and (2) word frequency (high vs. low). In the vertical layout, the words themselves remained in standard orientation but were arranged vertically (one below the other). Eye-movement measures at the sentence level (e.g., total reading time, number of fixations) showed a cost for the vertical arrangement, primarily reflected in longer fixation durations rather than a greater number of fixations. Critically, at the target-word level, the word-frequency effect -which increased in later eye-fixation measures (gaze duration, total time)- remained similar in size across both layouts. The additive pattern of word frequency and text layout, supported by Bayes factors, suggests that slower saccade programming in the vertical format does not substantially impact lexical processing. While lexical processing can influence saccade programming, delays in saccade programming do not, in turn, alter lexical processing-a pattern that constrains current models of eye movement control in reading.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 4","pages":"125"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144692058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The perils of the first try: experimental evidence for visuomotor calibration in darts and hammering. 第一次尝试的危险：飞镖和锤击中视觉运动校准的实验证据。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-07-22 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02161-w

David J C Smith, Philip Furley, Fabian Wunderlich, Herbert Heuer, Daniel Memmert

{"title":"The perils of the first try: experimental evidence for visuomotor calibration in darts and hammering.","authors":"David J C Smith, Philip Furley, Fabian Wunderlich, Herbert Heuer, Daniel Memmert","doi":"10.1007/s00426-025-02161-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-025-02161-w","url":null,"abstract":"Task such as hammering or throwing darts involve intentional actions performed with the anticipation of a desired effect that requires precision to achieve success. Visual perception of the goal, defined in an external frame of reference, plays a crucial role in specifying movement parameters in a body-centered frame of reference. Physical interruption of the task decouples the internal and external frames of reference leading to rapid performance decrements. Motor calibration, as noted by the 'Calibration Effect', is the fine-tuning of motor commands following performance-related feedback in the external frame of reference. Here we test the calibration effect with non-skilled populations in both a sport specific and an everyday type of task, darts and hammering. Participants performed 20 rounds of five attempts of hitting a goal with a stable bodily position. Between rounds they moved around to perturb the fine tuning. The first repetition within a round of repeated attempts was less accurate than the subsequent attempts within that same round, even if controlling for gradual learning effects. Thus, the calibration effect, a rapid component of warm-up, is present both in professional athletes and unskilled dart players as well as in everyday activities such as hammering.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 4","pages":"126"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144692060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is Kiki angry and Bouba happy? Association between emotions, shapes, and sounds. Kiki生气了，Bouba开心了吗？情感、形状和声音之间的联系。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-07-14 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02158-5

Lari Vainio, Xinyuan Mo, Martti Vainio

{"title":"Is Kiki angry and Bouba happy? Association between emotions, shapes, and sounds.","authors":"Lari Vainio, Xinyuan Mo, Martti Vainio","doi":"10.1007/s00426-025-02158-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-025-02158-5","url":null,"abstract":"Research has shown that particular shapes and speech sounds have common higher-order emotional properties, which might mediate associating angular shapes with kiki-like words and round shapes with bouba-like words, resulting in the so-called kiki-bouba effect. However, research supporting this account has mostly recruited explicit association tests to investigate whether people link particular emotions with these shapes and pseudo-words. This study investigated whether the kiki-bouba effect, observed in the implicit association test, can be similarly based on these emotional mediation processes. We found that the explicit and implicit association tests robustly produced a link between angular shape and angry facial expressions, whereas the round shape was associated with happy and calm facial expressions. In contrast, aurally presented kiki and bouba-like words were associated with these facial expressions in the explicit association test but not in the implicit association test. These observations suggest that people process implicitly the emotional properties of angular/round shapes, while they do not automatically process the emotional properties of the perceived kiki/bouba-like words when the task emphasizes implicit association processes. Consequently, we propose that the kiki-bouba effect, which is observed in explicit association tests, can be partially based on emotional mediation processes. In contrast, the kiki-bouba effect, which is based on implicitly operating association processes, is not likely to be based on emotional mediation processes.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 4","pages":"124"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12259753/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144627463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The influence of emotion regulation strategy on covert and overt retrieval practice effects. 情绪调节策略对隐性和显性检索练习效果的影响。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-07-12 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02159-4

Qi Zhang, Xiaofeng Ma

{"title":"The influence of emotion regulation strategy on covert and overt retrieval practice effects.","authors":"Qi Zhang, Xiaofeng Ma","doi":"10.1007/s00426-025-02159-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-025-02159-4","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research has examined how emotion regulation influences human memory in the context of negative emotional stimuli. However, the specific impact of emotion regulation on the retrieval practice effects, particularly covert and overt formats, remains unclear. This study conducted three experiments to investigate how two commonly used emotion regulation strategies (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) affect the covert and overt retrieval practice effects. In Experiment 1, a modified retrieval practice paradigm was employed with a 3 (emotion regulation strategy: cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression, control) × 2 (learning condition: retrieval practice vs. restudy) mixed-design. The results revealed that cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression differentially affected the retrieval practice effect. Moreover, Experiments 2 and 3 investigated how different emotion regulation strategies influence the effects of both overt and covert retrieval practice. The results not only replicated the findings from Experiment 1 but also revealed that cognitive reappraisal effectively mitigated the disruptive effects of negative emotion on both overt and covert retrieval practice. In sum, cognitive reappraisal was a successful emotion regulation strategy that improved retrieval practice processes.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 4","pages":"123"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144620906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Probing instructed but unnecessary switches of attentional strategy. 探查指示但不必要的注意力策略转换。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02147-8

Svantje T Kähler, Mike Wendt, Aquiles Luna-Rodriguez, Thomas Jacobsen

{"title":"Probing instructed but unnecessary switches of attentional strategy.","authors":"Svantje T Kähler, Mike Wendt, Aquiles Luna-Rodriguez, Thomas Jacobsen","doi":"10.1007/s00426-025-02147-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-025-02147-8","url":null,"abstract":"It is widely assumed that attentional strategies can be intentionally shifted. Experimental evidence of such adjustment stems almost exclusively from situations associated with changes concerning perceptual stimulus features, stimulus-related contingencies, or response demands, however. In a series of experiments, we investigated intention- (i.e., instruction-) based shifts of attentional strategy in the absence of additional changes in the task/stimulus environment compared with conditions associated with maintenance of the attentional strategy (i.e., keeping task stimuli, responses, stimulus-response assignments, and presentation contingencies constant for conditions of shift and maintenance). Our method involved a probe task procedure diagnostic of the attentional strategy applied (i.e., strong or weak focusing of visual attention on the centrally presented stimulus element). In Experiment 1, participants were instructed to change the strategy after the first half of the trials. Probe task results provided evidence for adherence to instruction. In Experiments 2 and 3, which involved presenting instructional cues on a trial-by-trial basis, adjustment of attentional strategy appeared confined to a high degree of motivation. Experiment 4 suggests the carryover of instructed attentional strategies to a following (probe task) trial when no novel instruction was presented. Our study demonstrates instruction-based shifts in attentional strategy that are discernably unnecessary for solving the current task and occur without support from a change in the task/stimulus environment.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 4","pages":"119"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12238132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144585310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seeing the fours before the threes: investigating numerical signatures with hierarchical navon stimuli. 先看四后看三：用分层navon刺激研究数字特征。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02156-7

Valter Prpic, Arianna Felisatti, David Aagten-Murphy, Luisa Lugli, Martin H Fischer

{"title":"Seeing the fours before the threes: investigating numerical signatures with hierarchical navon stimuli.","authors":"Valter Prpic, Arianna Felisatti, David Aagten-Murphy, Luisa Lugli, Martin H Fischer","doi":"10.1007/s00426-025-02156-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-025-02156-7","url":null,"abstract":"When two numbers are compared, numerical processing signatures include the size effect (small numbers processed faster than large ones), the Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes (SNARC) effect (small numbers classified faster with left side than right side responses), and the distance effect (numbers farther from a reference processed faster than those closer). These signatures reflect single digit processing and their relevance for multi-digit processing relies on evidence from horizontal digit strings. In hierarchical displays, such as Navon stimuli, different information coexists at various spatial scales (local and global). Consequently, a single stimulus supports different processes depending on the attended scale. We examined number processing at two different spatial scales to investigate the influence of both the task relevant and irrelevant digits on processing signatures. We used hierarchical stimuli with symbolic numbers (1, 4, 6, 9) at global and local levels, such as a large \"global\" digit (e.g., 9) composed of smaller \"local\" digits (e.g., 1). Separate groups of participants classified either the global (N = 31) or local (N = 30) number magnitude relative to 5, ignoring the other scale. Consistent with Navon effects, we found faster processing for global than local stimuli and when global and local information matched. Both groups demonstrated significant SNARC and distance effects, but only the local group showed size effects. Notably, local numbers were classified faster even when the global number required the same response. Overall, these results indicate that numerical processing operates concurrently at different spatial scales, though local information is particularly vulnerable to interference from global context. This underscores the complex interplay between global and local processing in numerical cognition.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 4","pages":"121"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144585311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the effects of mapping rule switching on motor preparation in young and older adults: evidence from combining response cuing and task switching methodology. 探索映射规则转换对年轻人和老年人运动准备的影响：来自反应线索和任务转换方法结合的证据。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02150-z

Jos J Adam, Iring Koch

{"title":"Exploring the effects of mapping rule switching on motor preparation in young and older adults: evidence from combining response cuing and task switching methodology.","authors":"Jos J Adam, Iring Koch","doi":"10.1007/s00426-025-02150-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-025-02150-z","url":null,"abstract":"This study explored the effect of mapping rule switching on motor preparation in young and older adults. Motor preparation was indexed by performance in the finger cuing task, which is a cued 4-choice reaction time (RT) task requiring a single keypress with 1 of 4 fingers (index and middle fingers of both hands). Mapping rule switching required switching between two possible mapping rules implemented via spatially compatible procues and spatially incompatible anticues. These informative cues preceded the target signal at five different time intervals (100-850 ms) to assess the temporal dynamics of preparatory control relative to a non-informative (control) cue. In the single-mapping condition, procues and anticues were administered in separate trial blocks. In the mixed-mapping condition, procues and anticues were randomly intermixed, with a mapping rule cue appearing at trial onset. Analyses of (absolute) RTs and (proportional) cuing effects in single-mapping and mixed-mapping conditions revealed greater preparation benefits for procues than anticues (only at short preparation intervals), and smaller preparation benefits for older than younger adults (only at longer preparation intervals). In both age groups, switching between mapping rules in the mixed-mapping condition created mixing costs (relative to single-mapping), reflecting substantial deficits in motor preparation, and more so at longer preparation intervals where proactive control dominates. These findings reveal a strong impact of mapping rule switching on motor preparation. We propose that activating a new mapping rule and preparing an action both require updating operations in working memory that bias response selection mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 4","pages":"122"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12238206/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144585308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Flickering lenses enhance reading performance through placebo effect. 闪烁镜头通过安慰剂效应提高阅读性能。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-025-02146-9

Sandro Franceschini, Giovanna Puccio, Sara Bertoni, Sara Mascheretti, Andrea Cappellini, Simone Gori, Andrea Facoetti

{"title":"Flickering lenses enhance reading performance through placebo effect.","authors":"Sandro Franceschini, Giovanna Puccio, Sara Bertoni, Sara Mascheretti, Andrea Cappellini, Simone Gori, Andrea Facoetti","doi":"10.1007/s00426-025-02146-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-025-02146-9","url":null,"abstract":"Developmental dyslexia (DD) is the most frequent neurodevelopmental disorder among school-age children. Traditional remediation programs for DD are rarely controlled for the placebo effect, raising the hypothesis that positive expectations might explain their efficacy. Wearing expensive flickering glasses has been associated with extraordinary improvements in reading skills. The placebo effect and efficacy of these glasses on reading performance were tested. A double blind within-subject experimental design was used in children with DD (n = 49; Experiment 1) and unselected young adults (n = 48; Experiment 2). Positive expectancy (placebo effect) improved word reading accuracy in young children with DD, with an effect size larger than those reported for gold-standard training programs. This improvement in reading accuracy was replicated in adult poor readers; whereas typical readers improved only in pseudoword decoding speed. Individually-tuned flickering glasses decreased the advantage of word reading over pseudoword reading (the lexicality effect) and predicted pseudoword decoding speed in children with DD. These findings cast shadows on the real efficacy of dyslexia standard training and highlight how the role of placebo effect in training for DD could be dramatically underestimated.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":"89 4","pages":"120"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144585309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0