Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung最新文献_第10页

The interplay between ego-resiliency, math anxiety and working memory in math achievement. 自我复原力、数学焦虑和工作记忆在数学成绩中的相互作用。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-024-01995-0

Eleonora Doz, Alessandro Cuder, Sandra Pellizzoni, Federica Granello, Maria Chiara Passolunghi

{"title":"The interplay between ego-resiliency, math anxiety and working memory in math achievement.","authors":"Eleonora Doz, Alessandro Cuder, Sandra Pellizzoni, Federica Granello, Maria Chiara Passolunghi","doi":"10.1007/s00426-024-01995-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-024-01995-0","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research has suggested that math anxiety may contribute to poor math performance by interfering with working memory. However, only a limited number of studies investigated the mediating role of working memory in the math anxiety-math performance link in school-aged children. Unlike math anxiety, ego-resiliency is a personality resource that promotes the management of challenges and has been positively associated with math performance and negatively with anxiety. Nevertheless, there is still limited understanding regarding the specific role of ego-resiliency in math learning and how it relates to math anxiety. This study aimed to investigate conjunctly the interplay between primary school children's ego-resiliency, math anxiety, working memory, and performance on two different math tasks (i.e., arithmetic task and word problem-solving task), after controlling for general anxiety and age. The study involved 185 Italian children from grades 3 to 5. Serial multi-mediational analyses revealed that: (1) ego-resiliency has a positive indirect effect on math achievement through two paths - math anxiety, and math anxiety and working memory; (2) the study replicated previous findings showing that working memory partially mediated the relationship between math anxiety and math performance; (3) similar patterns of results were found for both math skills. The study identifies ego-resiliency as a possible protective factor in the development of math anxiety and suggests that ego-resiliency could be worth considering when designing interventions aimed at reducing negative emotions towards mathematics.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":" ","pages":"2401-2415"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11522077/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141471632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The contribution of eye gaze and movement kinematics to the expression and identification of social intention in object-directed motor actions. 眼球注视和运动运动学对物体引导的运动动作中社会意图的表达和识别的贡献。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-024-01985-2

Maria Francesca Gigliotti, Laurent Ott, Angela Bartolo, Yann Coello

{"title":"The contribution of eye gaze and movement kinematics to the expression and identification of social intention in object-directed motor actions.","authors":"Maria Francesca Gigliotti, Laurent Ott, Angela Bartolo, Yann Coello","doi":"10.1007/s00426-024-01985-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-024-01985-2","url":null,"abstract":"The intention to include another person in an interaction (i.e., social intention) is known to influence the spatio-temporal characteristics of motor performances. However, the interplay between these kinematic variations and the social cues provided by eye gaze has not been properly assessed yet. In the present study, we tested whether limiting the access to eye gaze altered the motor-related effects of social intention on motor performances. In a dyadic interaction, the agents' task was to displace a dummy glass to a new position with the intention to fill it themselves (personal intention) or having it filled by the observers facing them (social intention). The observers performed their action only when they were able to identify a social intention in agents' action. The task was performed while having access to observers' eye gaze or not, through the manipulation of an occluder. Results showed an effect of social intention on agents' motor performances, that induced an amplification of the kinematic spatio-temporal parameters. Such amplification was smaller when the observers' eye gaze was not available. In this latter condition, the identification of the social intention in the observed actions was impaired. Altogether, the results suggest that the presence of eye gaze cues contributes significantly to the success of social interaction, by facilitating the expression and the understanding of social intentions through the kinematics of object-directed actions.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":" ","pages":"2181-2194"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141443569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Social cues tip the scales in emotional processing of complex pictures. 社交线索会影响复杂图片的情感处理。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-024-02022-y

Veronica Dudarev, Victoria Wardell, James T Enns, Connor M Kerns, Daniela J Palombo

{"title":"Social cues tip the scales in emotional processing of complex pictures.","authors":"Veronica Dudarev, Victoria Wardell, James T Enns, Connor M Kerns, Daniela J Palombo","doi":"10.1007/s00426-024-02022-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-024-02022-y","url":null,"abstract":"Perception of a picture is influenced by the social information and emotional value it carries for the viewer. There are still many unanswered questions about how social and emotional processing are related, but it is clear they involve overlapping brain areas and are cognitively interconnected. Yet studies of emotion processing using standardized picture datasets typically leave the social content in the pictures free to vary. In a few studies where the social content has been measured, it correlated with emotional arousal and valence. Here we tested the association between social and emotional content orthogonally, by selecting a similar number of pictures in four categories varying in presence of nonverbal social cues (e.g., gestures, facial expression, body language) and emotional content (neutral, negative). Across two studies, participants (N = 698 in total) provided three ratings for each picture: social relevance (defined as the self-reported use of social cues to understand the picture), valence, and arousal. Despite our best effort to balance the presence of social cues between negative and neutral pictures, ratings of social relevance were strongly associated with ratings of arousal and, to a lesser extent, with valence. These findings likely reflect the intertwined nature of social and emotional processing, which has implications for the neurobiology underlying them, how these systems develop, and how picture databases are used in research.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":" ","pages":"2221-2233"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142019174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of evaluatively conditioned stimuli in iconic memory. 评价性条件刺激在图标记忆中的作用。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-024-02024-w

Alexandra E Clausen, Florian Kattner

{"title":"The role of evaluatively conditioned stimuli in iconic memory.","authors":"Alexandra E Clausen, Florian Kattner","doi":"10.1007/s00426-024-02024-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-024-02024-w","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, an attempt was made to replicate results found about the influence of valence on prioritisation and decay in iconic memory. Hereby, the evaluative conditioning effect was used to induce valence for formerly neutral stimuli. The effect is gained by pairing neutral stimuli with either positive, negative, or neutral images in a conditioning phase. Afterwards, the conditioned stimuli acted as targets in an iconic memory test. In the iconic memory test, targets were presented together with seven other stimuli on a circular placement on the screen for a short time. A cue delayed by either 17, 68, 221, 493, or 1003 ms pointed at the target to be reported. Participants rated the targets before and after the conditioning phase. In addition, the affective and neutral images used in the pairing procedure were rated at the end of the experiment. While no significant change in rating could be observed for the conditioned targets, a significant effect of conditioned valence was still present in the response times and the accuracy of the iconic memory test. Participants reacted the quickest in response to a cue for positively conditioned targets compared to neutral or negatively conditioned targets. Accuracy was highest for positively conditioned targets and was lowest for negatively conditioned targets. Unlike in prior studies, slower decay of information in iconic memory for negative targets was not revealed. Further research should be conducted to identify reasons for this inconsistency.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":" ","pages":"2266-2279"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11522187/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142337145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Not to follow because of distrust: perceived trust modulates the gaze cueing effect. 因不信任而不跟随：感知到的信任会调节凝视提示效应。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-024-02000-4

Xiaowei Ding, Jing Gan, Luzi Xu, Xiaozhi Zhou, Ding-Guo Gao, Yanliang Sun

{"title":"Not to follow because of distrust: perceived trust modulates the gaze cueing effect.","authors":"Xiaowei Ding, Jing Gan, Luzi Xu, Xiaozhi Zhou, Ding-Guo Gao, Yanliang Sun","doi":"10.1007/s00426-024-02000-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-024-02000-4","url":null,"abstract":"In social life, people spontaneously form stable trustworthiness impressions from faces. However, the precise role of extracting trustworthiness information remains unclear. This study aims to elucidate whether discerning facial trustworthiness influences social interactions. Specifically, it explores the gaze cueing effect (GCE), wherein individuals exhibit quicker responses to targets appearing in the direction of gaze compared to other locations. Given conflicting perspectives in existing literature regarding the potential modulation of trustworthiness on the GCE, two plausible hypotheses are proposed to explain divergent result patterns. The reflexive hypothesis posits that the GCE operates automatically. In contrast, the flexible hypothesis underscores the potential modulatory role of trustworthiness in the GCE. To provide a comprehensive understanding of whether trustworthiness modulates the GCE, we employed face stimuli incorporating trustworthiness information within Posner' s cue-target task. The findings of Experiment 1 revealed that the perception of trustworthiness indeed influenced the GCE. Specifically, when facial stimuli were perceived as trustworthy, they elicited a more pronounced GCE compared to untrustworthy stimuli. This modulation effect was replicated using a different stimulus set in Experiment 2. In Experiment 3, we employed the same stimuli as in Experiment 2, setting the trustworthiness information to baseline as a control experiment. The results demonstrated that the trustworthiness modulation effect disappeared, indicating its specificity to the trustworthiness attribute of the stimuli rather than other characteristics. Collectively, these findings lend support to the flexible hypothesis, highlighting that the extraction of trustworthiness information plays a pivotal role in modulating the GCE, consequently influencing social interactions.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":" ","pages":"2195-2210"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141493937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Attentional boost effect: research based on source memory and emotional materials. 注意增强效应：基于源记忆和情感材料的研究。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-024-02016-w

Yajie Duan, Tongtong Xin, Yuanhua Yin, Ying Sun, Wei Liu, Ning Chen

{"title":"Attentional boost effect: research based on source memory and emotional materials.","authors":"Yajie Duan, Tongtong Xin, Yuanhua Yin, Ying Sun, Wei Liu, Ning Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00426-024-02016-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-024-02016-w","url":null,"abstract":"The attentional boost effect (ABE) refers to the phenomenon that stimuli which appear with targets in a detection task are better remembered than those that appear with distractors. Previous studies have consistently reported a robust ABE in item memory, but inconsistent conclusions have been drawn for source memory. Additionally, regarding the impact of emotional stimuli on the ABE, conclusions have also been inconsistent. The aim of this research was to clarify these inconsistencies. In Experiment 1, participants were asked to memorize different emotional background words (primary task), monitor the symbols above the words, press the spacebar when encountering the \"+\" (secondary task), and remember the size of the emotional background stimuli (as a source feature). Results revealed that the ABE of negative stimuli was stronger in item memory. For source memory, an ABE was observed only for large fonts. In Experiment 2, participants performed the same task as in Experiment 1, except for recalling the color of emotional stimuli instead of their size. Results indicated a stronger ABE for emotional stimuli in item memory, with no ABE observed in source memory. These findings suggest: (1) Item and source memory are regulated by distinct cognitive processes, leading to differential effects of emotionality on ABE in both types of memory. (2) Contrary to previous literature, emotional stimuli, such as negative words, do not consistently diminish the ABE.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":" ","pages":"2252-2265"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142082201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How do emotions respond to outcome values and influence choice? 情绪如何对结果价值做出反应并影响选择？

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-024-02001-3

Aikaterini Grimani, Ayse Yemiscigil, Qing Wang, Georgi Kirilov, Laura Kudrna, Ivo Vlaev

{"title":"How do emotions respond to outcome values and influence choice?","authors":"Aikaterini Grimani, Ayse Yemiscigil, Qing Wang, Georgi Kirilov, Laura Kudrna, Ivo Vlaev","doi":"10.1007/s00426-024-02001-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-024-02001-3","url":null,"abstract":"Emotions powerfully, predictably, and pervasively influence decision making. The risk-as-feelings hypothesis states that two kinds of emotions are important in decision-making, anticipatory emotions and anticipated emotions. We empirically investigated whether and how anticipatory and anticipated emotions may change as a function of outcome values and whether anticipatory or anticipated emotions may explain the influence of outcome values on risky choice. To study the effects of value on emotions and choice, we offered people hypothetical large amounts ($100, $200, $300, $400) and incentivized moderate amounts ($10, $20, $30, $40) as prospects in gambles over two consecutive studies. Using a representative sample from the US to ensure the generalizability of the findings, each participant in our two studies made choices in gain and loss domains. Overall, anticipatory and anticipated emotions responded very similarly to changes in value for the sure gains in both studies. The findings also indicated that both anticipatory and anticipated emotions explained the effects of the value on choice for the sure gain and sure losses, while both mediated the effect of framing on choice towards the sure and the gamble option. Although anticipatory emotions mediated a larger portion of the effect, anticipated emotions also show some mediation.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":" ","pages":"2234-2250"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11522079/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141564837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction: How do emotions respond to outcome values and influence choice? 更正：情绪如何对结果价值做出反应并影响选择？

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-024-02027-7

Aikaterini Grimani, Ayse Yemiscigil, Qing Wang, Georgi Kirilov, Laura Kudrna, Ivo Vlaev

引用次数: 0

How well can young adults and children discriminate between odors? 青壮年和儿童分辨气味的能力如何？

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-19 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-024-01981-6

E Leslie Cameron, Sierra R Follett, Autumn S Rajcevich Schwer

{"title":"How well can young adults and children discriminate between odors?","authors":"E Leslie Cameron, Sierra R Follett, Autumn S Rajcevich Schwer","doi":"10.1007/s00426-024-01981-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-024-01981-6","url":null,"abstract":"It is widely believed that people can distinguish between many odors although there is limited empirical evidence. Odor discrimination tasks are employed much less often than other measures of olfaction, but, interestingly, performance is typically ~ 75% correct. This less-than-perfect performance is rarely highlighted, although it suggests that people may not be as good at discriminating odors as is commonly believed. Odor discrimination is understudied in children, and although available evidence suggests that it improves with age, children perform better when the task is simpler. In the present study, we explored odor discrimination in children and young adults with a relatively simple same-different task using common and uncommon odors. We found that children perform as well as young adults, but that overall performance was less than perfect and depended on the odors to be discriminated. We found evidence that ability to discriminate between odors improves as the difference in pleasantness of the odors increases. In a second experiment, we tested this directly by exploring whether odors that differ in pleasantness and edibility, two dimensions that appear to be important in olfactory perception, are easier to discriminate than odors that are the same on those dimensions. We found further evidence that odors that differ in pleasantness are easier to discriminate.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":" ","pages":"2360-2375"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141421461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Strategy variability in computational estimation and its association with mathematical achievement. 计算估算中的策略变化及其与数学成绩的关系。

IF 2.2 3区心理学

Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-024-02008-w

Reba Koenen, Sashank Varma

{"title":"Strategy variability in computational estimation and its association with mathematical achievement.","authors":"Reba Koenen, Sashank Varma","doi":"10.1007/s00426-024-02008-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00426-024-02008-w","url":null,"abstract":"Computational estimation requires a breadth of strategies and selection of the relevant strategy given a problem's features. We used the new Test of Estimation Strategies (TES), composed of 20 arithmetic problems (e.g., 144 x 0.38), to investigate variability in strategy use in young adults. The TES targets the five estimation strategies that adults use most frequently, which fall into two Classes. The three Class One strategies are general-purpose and taught in schools. Proceed Algorithmically entails applying an algorithm (e.g., shifting a decimal place). Round One and Round Two are defined as rounding one or both operands, respectively. The two Class Two strategies are more advanced, requiring application of conceptual knowledge of mathematics. Known-and-Nice is used when a participant relies on a well-known mathematical fact (e.g., 25 × 4 = 100) to form an estimate. Fractions uses a fraction or percentage in the estimation process (e.g., 943 x 0.48 is about 50% or half of 900). We divided our sample of adult participants into two groups (i.e., high, average) based on their estimation performance on the TES. The high-performance group used a broader range of strategies and more frequently applied the most relevant strategy given a problem's features. Overall estimation accuracy was correlated with mathematical achievement, as were strategy breadth and strategy relevance. However, none of these associations survived first controlling for verbal achievement. Participants' strategy reports suggested that the TES problems were generally successful in eliciting the five target strategies and provided evidence for a new strategy, Partitioning. These findings provide a basis for future instructional studies to improve students' computational estimation.","PeriodicalId":48184,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung","volume":" ","pages":"2303-2319"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141976895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0